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• 1. [Article] Relationship between spawning behavior of spear squids (Loligo bleekeri) and structures of the port

  Research Paper

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Relationship between spawning behavior of spear squids (Loligo bleekeri) and structures of the port Author: Yano, Kenji, Honma, Akihiro, Koganezaki, Kiyoto, Narumi, Hideto, Oka, Sadayuki, Kitahara, Shigeshi Research Paper Title: Relationship between spawning behavior of spear squids (Loligo bleekeri) and structures of the port Author: Yano, Kenji, Honma, Akihiro, Koganezaki, Kiyoto, Narumi, Hideto, Oka, Sadayuki, Kitahara, Shigeshi Research Paper Close

• 2. [Image] Little Red fish on spawning grounds

  	Little Red fish on spawning grounds in Alturus Lake Creek
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Little Red fish on spawning grounds Year: 1935 Little Red fish on spawning grounds in Alturus Lake Creek Title: Little Red fish on spawning grounds Year: 1935 Little Red fish on spawning grounds in Alturus Lake Creek Close

• 3. [Image] Little Red fish on spawning grounds

  	Little Red fish on spawning grounds in Alturus Lake Creek
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Little Red fish on spawning grounds Year: 1935 Little Red fish on spawning grounds in Alturus Lake Creek Title: Little Red fish on spawning grounds Year: 1935 Little Red fish on spawning grounds in Alturus Lake Creek Close

• 4. [Article] Use of ELISA to Monitor Bacterial Kidney Disease in Naturally Spawning Chinook Salmon

  Abstract -- Bacterial kidney disease (BKD) caused by Renibacterium salmoninarum (Rs) is a serious problem among Pacific Northwest salmon hatcheries and has raised concerns that salmon reared in hatcheries ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Use of ELISA to Monitor Bacterial Kidney Disease in Naturally Spawning Chinook Salmon Abstract -- Bacterial kidney disease (BKD) caused by Renibacterium salmoninarum (Rs) is a serious problem among Pacific Northwest salmon hatcheries and has raised concerns that salmon reared in hatcheries may spread BKD to natural populations. In order to monitor the potential spread of this disease to salmon spawning in nature, a method must be available to collect and analyze tissues from naturally spawning salmon. Kidney tissue analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is the standard method to detect the presence of Rs in salmon sampled in hatcheries. In this study, we tested the validity of using ELISA on kidney tissue collected from intact carcasses recovered on the spawning grounds to monitor BKD in naturally spawning populations by comparing ELISA optical density (OD) values from kidney tissue that was subjected to conditions that simulated decomposition in a carcass and collection during a spawning ground survey with samples freshly collected from salmon at a hatchery. Mean ELISA OD levels were 1.060 for the samples prepared by the normal preparation and 1.115 for samples prepared by simulating spawning ground survey collection. There was no significant difference in mean ELISA OD between the 2 sample preparations and the relationship did not significantly differ from 1:1 (slope = 0.946). This demonstrates that BKD prevalence in natural populations can be monitored using ELISA conducted on samples from intact carcasses recovered on spawning ground surveys. This will be an important tool for monitoring the effect of hatchery supplementation on naturally spawning salmon populations. Lower Snake River Compensation Plan (LSRCP) ODFW- Eastern Oregon Fish Research (EOFR) Title: Use of ELISA to Monitor Bacterial Kidney Disease in Naturally Spawning Chinook Salmon Abstract -- Bacterial kidney disease (BKD) caused by Renibacterium salmoninarum (Rs) is a serious problem among Pacific Northwest salmon hatcheries and has raised concerns that salmon reared in hatcheries may spread BKD to natural populations. In order to monitor the potential spread of this disease to salmon spawning in nature, a method must be available to collect and analyze tissues from naturally spawning salmon. Kidney tissue analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is the standard method to detect the presence of Rs in salmon sampled in hatcheries. In this study, we tested the validity of using ELISA on kidney tissue collected from intact carcasses recovered on the spawning grounds to monitor BKD in naturally spawning populations by comparing ELISA optical density (OD) values from kidney tissue that was subjected to conditions that simulated decomposition in a carcass and collection during a spawning ground survey with samples freshly collected from salmon at a hatchery. Mean ELISA OD levels were 1.060 for the samples prepared by the normal preparation and 1.115 for samples prepared by simulating spawning ground survey collection. There was no significant difference in mean ELISA OD between the 2 sample preparations and the relationship did not significantly differ from 1:1 (slope = 0.946). This demonstrates that BKD prevalence in natural populations can be monitored using ELISA conducted on samples from intact carcasses recovered on spawning ground surveys. This will be an important tool for monitoring the effect of hatchery supplementation on naturally spawning salmon populations. Lower Snake River Compensation Plan (LSRCP) ODFW- Eastern Oregon Fish Research (EOFR) Close

• 5. [Article] Use of ELISA to Monitor Bacterial Kidney Disease in Naturally Spawning Chinook Salmon - Information Reports 2006

  Abstract -- Bacterial kidney disease (BKD), caused by Renibacterium salmoninarum (Rs), is a serious problem among Pacific Northwest salmon hatcheries, including the concern that salmon reared in hatcheries ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Use of ELISA to Monitor Bacterial Kidney Disease in Naturally Spawning Chinook Salmon - Information Reports 2006 Abstract -- Bacterial kidney disease (BKD), caused by Renibacterium salmoninarum (Rs), is a serious problem among Pacific Northwest salmon hatcheries, including the concern that salmon reared in hatcheries may spread BKD to natural populations. In order to monitor the potential spread of this disease to salmon spawning in nature, a method must be available to collect and analyze tissues from naturally spawning salmon. Kidney tissue analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is the standard method to detect the presence of Rs in salmon sampled in hatcheries. We tested the ability to use ELISA on kidney tissue collected from intact carcasses recovered on the spawning grounds to monitor BKD in naturally spawning populations. We compared ELISA optical density (OD) values from kidney tissue that was subjected to simulated conditions to which kidney tissue would be exposed in a decomposing carcass and following collection during a spawning ground survey versus samples collected from freshly killed salmon at a hatchery. Mean ELISA OD levels were 1.060 for the samples prepared by the normal preparation and 1.115 for samples prepared by simulating spawning ground survey collection. We found no significant difference in mean ELISA optical density between the sample preparations and the relationship between them was nearly 1:1 (slope = 0.946). This demonstrates that BKD prevalence in natural populations can be monitored using ELISA conducted on samples from intact carcasses on spawning ground surveys. This will be an important tool for monitoring the effect of hatchery supplementation on naturally spawning salmon populations. Lower Snake River Compensation Plan (LSRCP) ODFW- Eastern Oregon Fish Research (EOFR) Title: Use of ELISA to Monitor Bacterial Kidney Disease in Naturally Spawning Chinook Salmon - Information Reports 2006 Abstract -- Bacterial kidney disease (BKD), caused by Renibacterium salmoninarum (Rs), is a serious problem among Pacific Northwest salmon hatcheries, including the concern that salmon reared in hatcheries may spread BKD to natural populations. In order to monitor the potential spread of this disease to salmon spawning in nature, a method must be available to collect and analyze tissues from naturally spawning salmon. Kidney tissue analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is the standard method to detect the presence of Rs in salmon sampled in hatcheries. We tested the ability to use ELISA on kidney tissue collected from intact carcasses recovered on the spawning grounds to monitor BKD in naturally spawning populations. We compared ELISA optical density (OD) values from kidney tissue that was subjected to simulated conditions to which kidney tissue would be exposed in a decomposing carcass and following collection during a spawning ground survey versus samples collected from freshly killed salmon at a hatchery. Mean ELISA OD levels were 1.060 for the samples prepared by the normal preparation and 1.115 for samples prepared by simulating spawning ground survey collection. We found no significant difference in mean ELISA optical density between the sample preparations and the relationship between them was nearly 1:1 (slope = 0.946). This demonstrates that BKD prevalence in natural populations can be monitored using ELISA conducted on samples from intact carcasses on spawning ground surveys. This will be an important tool for monitoring the effect of hatchery supplementation on naturally spawning salmon populations. Lower Snake River Compensation Plan (LSRCP) ODFW- Eastern Oregon Fish Research (EOFR) Close

• 6. [Article] Pine Creek and Catherine Creek Bull Trout Surveys - 2011

  Abstract -- Spawning ground index surveys for bull trout in the Pine Creek Basin (Baker County) and the Grande Ronde Basin (Catherine Creek)

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Pine Creek and Catherine Creek Bull Trout Surveys - 2011 Abstract -- Spawning ground index surveys for bull trout in the Pine Creek Basin (Baker County) and the Grande Ronde Basin (Catherine Creek) Title: Pine Creek and Catherine Creek Bull Trout Surveys - 2011 Abstract -- Spawning ground index surveys for bull trout in the Pine Creek Basin (Baker County) and the Grande Ronde Basin (Catherine Creek) Close

• 7. [Article] The 1951 Alsea River silver salmon tagging program

  During a tagging operation conducted in 1951 on the Alsea River, 1,142 adult silver salmon were tagged with plastic Petersen-type tags and stainless steel jaw tags. An attempt was made to determine whether ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The 1951 Alsea River silver salmon tagging program Author: Oregon. Fish Commission, Cleaver, Fred C. (Frederick Charles), 1916-, Morgan, Alfred R. During a tagging operation conducted in 1951 on the Alsea River, 1,142 adult silver salmon were tagged with plastic Petersen-type tags and stainless steel jaw tags. An attempt was made to determine whether tagged fish released in different apparent conditions suffered differential mortalities. Under the hypothesis that the recovery of the fish in the commercial fishery was independent of the apparent condition of the fish when it was released, a significant value of chi-square was obtained. However, it was concluded that this significance was a result of sampling differences and not actually due to differences in mortality. The number of fish taken in the commercial catch each week was calculated by dividing the number of pounds in the weekly catch by the average weight of the fish in the samples for that week. It was calculated that the commercial fishery took approximately 14,000 fish during the season, which was only about 15 per cent of the run available to the fishery. This is an extremely low fishing mortality and is considerably lower than had been expected. The number of tags taken each week by the commercial fishery was calculated by dividing the number of fish in the catch each week by the number of fish per tag in the samples for the week. It was calculated that 67 tags were taken during the season by the commercial fishery. This number of recoveries was 15.5 per cent of the 438 tags available to the fishery. With the cooperation of a number of boat moorages on the Alsea River, an estimate of the sport catch of silver salmon was made. It was calculated that the lower river sport fishery took approximately 3,000 adult silvers with an additional 500 fish being taken by the bank fishery. The weight of the total catch of 3,500 fish was calculated to be about 33,000 pounds. This weight formed 20.2 percent of the combined commercial and sport catches. It was calculated that 18 tagged fish were taken in the sport catch. A total of 44 numbered Petersen and jaw tags were recovered from both dead and live fish which had reached spawning areas. This number includes three tags recovered from the spawning grounds of adjacent streams. When the tagged fish were examined according to areas recovered, it was found that Drift Creek had a smaller number of fish per tag than any other area with one exception. Recoveries appeared to be distributed throughout the drainage from any particular time of tagging. Fish enter the lower river together, then separate to the various spawning areas in the system. Several fish moved from the tagging location in the Alsea River to adjacent streams. About 7 percent of the total recoveries in Table 12 were made from streams other than the Alsea River. The Petersen and jaw tag recoveries in the samples of the commercial catch were examined for selection of the Petersen tags by the nets. The percentage by size group in the catch of fish with each type of tag was about the same as the percentage by size group with each type of tag at the time of release. Large losses of tags in the fishery would have been reflected by a higher number of fish per tag on the spawning grounds. Since the gill-nets did not appear to be selective on either type of tag, the Petersen tags, jaw tags, and tag scars were combined in the calculations involving tag recoveries. After the fish moved beyond the fishing area, many still did not move rapidly to the spawning grounds. Several were taken in tidewater or in the vicinity of tidewater 48-58 days after they had been tagged. The average time between tagging and recovery on the spawning grounds was 63 days for live fish and 70 days for dead fish. Using the method proposed by Schaefer (1951a) for obtaining a population estimate from spawning ground recoveries, an estimate of the population available to the fishery was made from the number of tags recovered by sampling the commercial catch. It was calculated that approximately 90,000 fish were available to the fishery. About 89,000 fish were calculated to be available to the fishery when the equation N = nt/s was used, where N = the population, n = the sample size, t = the number of fish tagged, and s = the number of tag recoveries. The 95 percent limits of confidence for the population estimate derived from the equation N = nt/s were calculated using the method developed by Chapman (1948). The lower limit was found to be 63,736 fish, and the upper limit was 119,371 fish. Approximately 63,000 of the fish available to the commercial fishery continued the migration to the spawning grounds. Spawning ground tag recoveries provided an estimate of the population in the lower river which was in close agreement with the estimate of the population made from tag recoveries in the commercial fishery. Title: The 1951 Alsea River silver salmon tagging program Author: Oregon. Fish Commission, Cleaver, Fred C. (Frederick Charles), 1916-, Morgan, Alfred R. During a tagging operation conducted in 1951 on the Alsea River, 1,142 adult silver salmon were tagged with plastic Petersen-type tags and stainless steel jaw tags. An attempt was made to determine whether tagged fish released in different apparent conditions suffered differential mortalities. Under the hypothesis that the recovery of the fish in the commercial fishery was independent of the apparent condition of the fish when it was released, a significant value of chi-square was obtained. However, it was concluded that this significance was a result of sampling differences and not actually due to differences in mortality. The number of fish taken in the commercial catch each week was calculated by dividing the number of pounds in the weekly catch by the average weight of the fish in the samples for that week. It was calculated that the commercial fishery took approximately 14,000 fish during the season, which was only about 15 per cent of the run available to the fishery. This is an extremely low fishing mortality and is considerably lower than had been expected. The number of tags taken each week by the commercial fishery was calculated by dividing the number of fish in the catch each week by the number of fish per tag in the samples for the week. It was calculated that 67 tags were taken during the season by the commercial fishery. This number of recoveries was 15.5 per cent of the 438 tags available to the fishery. With the cooperation of a number of boat moorages on the Alsea River, an estimate of the sport catch of silver salmon was made. It was calculated that the lower river sport fishery took approximately 3,000 adult silvers with an additional 500 fish being taken by the bank fishery. The weight of the total catch of 3,500 fish was calculated to be about 33,000 pounds. This weight formed 20.2 percent of the combined commercial and sport catches. It was calculated that 18 tagged fish were taken in the sport catch. A total of 44 numbered Petersen and jaw tags were recovered from both dead and live fish which had reached spawning areas. This number includes three tags recovered from the spawning grounds of adjacent streams. When the tagged fish were examined according to areas recovered, it was found that Drift Creek had a smaller number of fish per tag than any other area with one exception. Recoveries appeared to be distributed throughout the drainage from any particular time of tagging. Fish enter the lower river together, then separate to the various spawning areas in the system. Several fish moved from the tagging location in the Alsea River to adjacent streams. About 7 percent of the total recoveries in Table 12 were made from streams other than the Alsea River. The Petersen and jaw tag recoveries in the samples of the commercial catch were examined for selection of the Petersen tags by the nets. The percentage by size group in the catch of fish with each type of tag was about the same as the percentage by size group with each type of tag at the time of release. Large losses of tags in the fishery would have been reflected by a higher number of fish per tag on the spawning grounds. Since the gill-nets did not appear to be selective on either type of tag, the Petersen tags, jaw tags, and tag scars were combined in the calculations involving tag recoveries. After the fish moved beyond the fishing area, many still did not move rapidly to the spawning grounds. Several were taken in tidewater or in the vicinity of tidewater 48-58 days after they had been tagged. The average time between tagging and recovery on the spawning grounds was 63 days for live fish and 70 days for dead fish. Using the method proposed by Schaefer (1951a) for obtaining a population estimate from spawning ground recoveries, an estimate of the population available to the fishery was made from the number of tags recovered by sampling the commercial catch. It was calculated that approximately 90,000 fish were available to the fishery. About 89,000 fish were calculated to be available to the fishery when the equation N = nt/s was used, where N = the population, n = the sample size, t = the number of fish tagged, and s = the number of tag recoveries. The 95 percent limits of confidence for the population estimate derived from the equation N = nt/s were calculated using the method developed by Chapman (1948). The lower limit was found to be 63,736 fish, and the upper limit was 119,371 fish. Approximately 63,000 of the fish available to the commercial fishery continued the migration to the spawning grounds. Spawning ground tag recoveries provided an estimate of the population in the lower river which was in close agreement with the estimate of the population made from tag recoveries in the commercial fishery. Close

• 8. [Article] Run Timing, Spawn Timing, and Spawning Distribution of Hatchery- and Natural-Origin Spring Chinook Salmon in the Imnaha River, Oregon

  Abstract -- We evaluated 16 years (1990-2005) of weir collection and spawning ground survey data to examine differences in run timing, spawn timing, and spawning distribution between naturally and hatchery-reared ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Run Timing, Spawn Timing, and Spawning Distribution of Hatchery- and Natural-Origin Spring Chinook Salmon in the Imnaha River, Oregon Abstract -- We evaluated 16 years (1990-2005) of weir collection and spawning ground survey data to examine differences in run timing, spawn timing, and spawning distribution between naturally and hatchery-reared Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha in the Imnaha River, Oregon, and to look for changes in these variables over time. We compared run timing based on arrival time at the weir and found that naturally reared Chinook salmon arrived earlier than hatchery-reared fish in all 16 years. Carcasses of naturally reared fish of either or both sexes were recovered on the spawning grounds earlier than carcasses of hatchery-reared fish for all years combined and during 5 of 16 years, indicating earlier spawning by naturally reared fish. We compared spawning distribution using the percent of female carcasses recovered in each spawning ground survey reach. The percent recovery of the carcasses of naturally reared females was greater in reaches above the weir than below the weir and these carcasses were farther upstream than those of hatchery-reared females. For females of hatchery origin, carcasses were more commonly found in reaches closer to and below the weir (the smolt release location). Alternate management strategies designed to improve the maintenance of genetic integrity and life history characteristics of the Imnaha River Chinook salmon population should be considered, implemented, and evaluated. Collection strategies should be modified to ensure that the hatchery broodstock is representative of the entire natural run, and release strategies should be developed to promote a spawning distribution of hatchery adults that mimics the distribution of natural imnaha Chinook salmon. Eastern Oregon Fish Research (EOFR) Title: Run Timing, Spawn Timing, and Spawning Distribution of Hatchery- and Natural-Origin Spring Chinook Salmon in the Imnaha River, Oregon Abstract -- We evaluated 16 years (1990-2005) of weir collection and spawning ground survey data to examine differences in run timing, spawn timing, and spawning distribution between naturally and hatchery-reared Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha in the Imnaha River, Oregon, and to look for changes in these variables over time. We compared run timing based on arrival time at the weir and found that naturally reared Chinook salmon arrived earlier than hatchery-reared fish in all 16 years. Carcasses of naturally reared fish of either or both sexes were recovered on the spawning grounds earlier than carcasses of hatchery-reared fish for all years combined and during 5 of 16 years, indicating earlier spawning by naturally reared fish. We compared spawning distribution using the percent of female carcasses recovered in each spawning ground survey reach. The percent recovery of the carcasses of naturally reared females was greater in reaches above the weir than below the weir and these carcasses were farther upstream than those of hatchery-reared females. For females of hatchery origin, carcasses were more commonly found in reaches closer to and below the weir (the smolt release location). Alternate management strategies designed to improve the maintenance of genetic integrity and life history characteristics of the Imnaha River Chinook salmon population should be considered, implemented, and evaluated. Collection strategies should be modified to ensure that the hatchery broodstock is representative of the entire natural run, and release strategies should be developed to promote a spawning distribution of hatchery adults that mimics the distribution of natural imnaha Chinook salmon. Eastern Oregon Fish Research (EOFR) Close

• 9. [Article] A Comparison of Run Timing, Spawn Timing and Spawning Distribution of Natural and Hatchery Spring Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha in the Imnaha River, Oregon - Information Reports 2005-03

  Abstract -- We compared fourteen years (1990-2003) of weir collection and spawning ground survey data to examine differences in run timing, spawning distribution and spawn timing between adult natural ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: A Comparison of Run Timing, Spawn Timing and Spawning Distribution of Natural and Hatchery Spring Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha in the Imnaha River, Oregon - Information Reports 2005-03 Abstract -- We compared fourteen years (1990-2003) of weir collection and spawning ground survey data to examine differences in run timing, spawning distribution and spawn timing between adult natural and hatchery-reared Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha in the Imnaha River, Oregon. We compared run timing using arrival time at the weir and found that natural salmon arrived earlier than hatchery salmon in 12 of 14 years. Natural carcasses, of either or both sexes, were recovered earlier than hatchery carcasses for all years combined and during 6 of 14 years, indicating earlier spawning by natural salmon. We compared spawning distribution using the percent of female carcasses recovered in each spawning ground survey reach. A greater percent of natural female carcasses were recovered in reaches above the weir and further upstream than carcasses of hatchery-reared females, which were more commonly found in reaches closer to and below the weir. Management strategies designed to maintain the genetic integrity and life history characteristics of the Imnaha River Chinook salmon should be considered, implemented and evaluated. Collected broodstock should mimic the wild run and spawn timing. Release strategies should be developed to promote a broader spatial spawning distribution of returning hatchery adults. Lower Snake River Compensation Plan (LSRCP) ODFW- Eastern Oregon Fish Research (EOFR) Title: A Comparison of Run Timing, Spawn Timing and Spawning Distribution of Natural and Hatchery Spring Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha in the Imnaha River, Oregon - Information Reports 2005-03 Abstract -- We compared fourteen years (1990-2003) of weir collection and spawning ground survey data to examine differences in run timing, spawning distribution and spawn timing between adult natural and hatchery-reared Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha in the Imnaha River, Oregon. We compared run timing using arrival time at the weir and found that natural salmon arrived earlier than hatchery salmon in 12 of 14 years. Natural carcasses, of either or both sexes, were recovered earlier than hatchery carcasses for all years combined and during 6 of 14 years, indicating earlier spawning by natural salmon. We compared spawning distribution using the percent of female carcasses recovered in each spawning ground survey reach. A greater percent of natural female carcasses were recovered in reaches above the weir and further upstream than carcasses of hatchery-reared females, which were more commonly found in reaches closer to and below the weir. Management strategies designed to maintain the genetic integrity and life history characteristics of the Imnaha River Chinook salmon should be considered, implemented and evaluated. Collected broodstock should mimic the wild run and spawn timing. Release strategies should be developed to promote a broader spatial spawning distribution of returning hatchery adults. Lower Snake River Compensation Plan (LSRCP) ODFW- Eastern Oregon Fish Research (EOFR) Close

• 10. [Article] Three-year Closure of Sailfin sandfish, Arctoscopus japonicus Fisheries and Resources Management in Akita Prefecture, Japan

  Research Paper

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Three-year Closure of Sailfin sandfish, Arctoscopus japonicus Fisheries and Resources Management in Akita Prefecture, Japan Author: Sugiyama, Hideki, Sakuramoto, Kazumi Research Paper Title: Three-year Closure of Sailfin sandfish, Arctoscopus japonicus Fisheries and Resources Management in Akita Prefecture, Japan Author: Sugiyama, Hideki, Sakuramoto, Kazumi Research Paper Close

• 11. [Article] Predation and food limitation as causes of mortality in larval herring at a spawning ground in British Columbia

  The published version of this article is copyrighted by Inter-Research and can be found here: http://www.int-res.com/journals/meps/meps-home/

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Predation and food limitation as causes of mortality in larval herring at a spawning ground in British Columbia Author: Purcell, Jennifer E., Grover, Jill J. The published version of this article is copyrighted by Inter-Research and can be found here: http://www.int-res.com/journals/meps/meps-home/ Title: Predation and food limitation as causes of mortality in larval herring at a spawning ground in British Columbia Author: Purcell, Jennifer E., Grover, Jill J. The published version of this article is copyrighted by Inter-Research and can be found here: http://www.int-res.com/journals/meps/meps-home/ Close

• 12. [Article] Using Calibrated Index Surveys to Estimate Chinook Spawner Escapement into the Salmon River, Oregon Information Report number 2012-01

  Abstract -- The Pacific Salmon Commission has designated the Salmon River hatchery stock of fall Chinook as an Exploitation Rate Indicator Stock (ERIS) for all 16 naturally produced stocks of fall Chinook ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Using Calibrated Index Surveys to Estimate Chinook Spawner Escapement into the Salmon River, Oregon Information Report number 2012-01 Abstract -- The Pacific Salmon Commission has designated the Salmon River hatchery stock of fall Chinook as an Exploitation Rate Indicator Stock (ERIS) for all 16 naturally produced stocks of fall Chinook on Oregon’s north coast. The Pacific Salmon Treaty (PST) specifies the necessity of these stocks to model the effects of mixed stock fisheries on wild Chinook salmon. The ocean migration patterns and catch rates of this stock are thought to closely resemble Oregon’s north migrating Chinook from coastal basins ranging from the Necanicum River in the north to the Siuslaw River in the south. A relatively long and continuous history of mark and recapture experiments with corresponding extensive spawning ground surveys and harvest estimates from a fresh water creel, serves as the foundation for a predictive model of spawner abundance. Peak counts from two spawning ground surveys were identified as an index that strongly correlates with relatively precise abundance estimates derived from a Peterson two event mark-recapture model. Index surveys are less labor intensive than previous mark-recapture activities, and evidence suggests they are an efficient and cost effective method to estimate spawner abundance. Title: Using Calibrated Index Surveys to Estimate Chinook Spawner Escapement into the Salmon River, Oregon Information Report number 2012-01 Abstract -- The Pacific Salmon Commission has designated the Salmon River hatchery stock of fall Chinook as an Exploitation Rate Indicator Stock (ERIS) for all 16 naturally produced stocks of fall Chinook on Oregon’s north coast. The Pacific Salmon Treaty (PST) specifies the necessity of these stocks to model the effects of mixed stock fisheries on wild Chinook salmon. The ocean migration patterns and catch rates of this stock are thought to closely resemble Oregon’s north migrating Chinook from coastal basins ranging from the Necanicum River in the north to the Siuslaw River in the south. A relatively long and continuous history of mark and recapture experiments with corresponding extensive spawning ground surveys and harvest estimates from a fresh water creel, serves as the foundation for a predictive model of spawner abundance. Peak counts from two spawning ground surveys were identified as an index that strongly correlates with relatively precise abundance estimates derived from a Peterson two event mark-recapture model. Index surveys are less labor intensive than previous mark-recapture activities, and evidence suggests they are an efficient and cost effective method to estimate spawner abundance. Close

• 13. [Article] Salmonberry River Steelhead Spawning Surveys

  Abstract -- Results of spawning ground surveys since 1994, done by volunteers under a STEP project. Target species = winter steelhead. Project background and protocols are reported in the document "STEP ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Salmonberry River Steelhead Spawning Surveys Abstract -- Results of spawning ground surveys since 1994, done by volunteers under a STEP project. Target species = winter steelhead. Project background and protocols are reported in the document "STEP Report-Salmonberry Spawning Surveys". For convenience and further long-term context, the data also include ODFW peak counts since 1973, based on Streamnet data (1973-1992) and personal communication from Walt Weber (1993 and later) Title: Salmonberry River Steelhead Spawning Surveys Abstract -- Results of spawning ground surveys since 1994, done by volunteers under a STEP project. Target species = winter steelhead. Project background and protocols are reported in the document "STEP Report-Salmonberry Spawning Surveys". For convenience and further long-term context, the data also include ODFW peak counts since 1973, based on Streamnet data (1973-1992) and personal communication from Walt Weber (1993 and later) Close

• 14. [Article] Comparison between environmental characteristics of larval bluefin tuna Thunnus thynnus habitat in the Gulf of Mexico and western Mediterranean Sea

  To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Inter-Research ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Comparison between environmental characteristics of larval bluefin tuna Thunnus thynnus habitat in the Gulf of Mexico and western Mediterranean Sea Author: Alemany, Francisco, Reglero, Patricia, Muhling, Barbara A., Ciannelli, Lorenzo, Lamkin, John T., Alvarez-Berastegui, Diego, Roffer, Mitchell A. To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Inter-Research and can be found at: http://www.int-res.com/home/. Title: Comparison between environmental characteristics of larval bluefin tuna Thunnus thynnus habitat in the Gulf of Mexico and western Mediterranean Sea Author: Alemany, Francisco, Reglero, Patricia, Muhling, Barbara A., Ciannelli, Lorenzo, Lamkin, John T., Alvarez-Berastegui, Diego, Roffer, Mitchell A. To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Inter-Research and can be found at: http://www.int-res.com/home/. Close

• 15. [Article] Prevalence of Bacterial Kidney Disease in Natural vs. Hatchery-Reared Adult Chinook Salmon Spawned in a Hatchery and in Nature - Information Report 2009

  Abstract -- Bacterial kidney disease (BKD) is a major health problem of cultured Pacific salmon, Oncorhynchus sp. It has been particularly problematic in captive broodstock programs, where the interests ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Prevalence of Bacterial Kidney Disease in Natural vs. Hatchery-Reared Adult Chinook Salmon Spawned in a Hatchery and in Nature - Information Report 2009 Abstract -- Bacterial kidney disease (BKD) is a major health problem of cultured Pacific salmon, Oncorhynchus sp. It has been particularly problematic in captive broodstock programs, where the interests of gene conservation and fish health can conflict when spawning females with signs of BKD. Not rearing those fish reduces the genetic diversity of an already depleted population, while rearing those fish may increase the prevalence of BKD in the natural population. We used data collected during spawning at Lookingglass Fish hatchery and on spawning ground surveys to examine the prevalence of BKD, based on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay optical density (ELISA OD) values, to monitor the prevalence of BKD in natural and hatchery-reared Chinook salmon O. tshawytscha from Grande Ronde and Imnaha basin streams in northeast Oregon. Lower Snake River Compensation Plan (LSRCP) ODFW- Eastern Oregon Fish Research (EOFR) Title: Prevalence of Bacterial Kidney Disease in Natural vs. Hatchery-Reared Adult Chinook Salmon Spawned in a Hatchery and in Nature - Information Report 2009 Abstract -- Bacterial kidney disease (BKD) is a major health problem of cultured Pacific salmon, Oncorhynchus sp. It has been particularly problematic in captive broodstock programs, where the interests of gene conservation and fish health can conflict when spawning females with signs of BKD. Not rearing those fish reduces the genetic diversity of an already depleted population, while rearing those fish may increase the prevalence of BKD in the natural population. We used data collected during spawning at Lookingglass Fish hatchery and on spawning ground surveys to examine the prevalence of BKD, based on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay optical density (ELISA OD) values, to monitor the prevalence of BKD in natural and hatchery-reared Chinook salmon O. tshawytscha from Grande Ronde and Imnaha basin streams in northeast Oregon. Lower Snake River Compensation Plan (LSRCP) ODFW- Eastern Oregon Fish Research (EOFR) Close

• 16. [Article] Movements of spawning sockeye salmon in Hidden Creek, Brooks Lake, Alaska

  The movements of a population of adult sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) were followed in a small tributary of Brooks Lake, Alaska until spawning was nearly complete in 1963. The objectives of the study ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Movements of spawning sockeye salmon in Hidden Creek, Brooks Lake, Alaska Author: Tsunoda, Setsuwo The movements of a population of adult sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) were followed in a small tributary of Brooks Lake, Alaska until spawning was nearly complete in 1963. The objectives of the study were to describe the movements of sockeye salmon on the spawning ground of an entire small stream, to determine factors related to such movements, and to consider the significance of the movements to the species. The spawning run was inventoried at a weir located near the mouth of the tributary. Portions of the run were sampled as they immigrated, and the sampled fish were tagged to enable subsequent identification of individual fish on the spawning ground. Following the initial immigration, daily observations were made to ascertain the location of all fish and the activities of the tagged fish. Tagging had no material effect on either dispersal in the stream or pairing of spawners. The spawning run totalled 2,495; the ratio of males to females was 2.27:1.00, The run consisted preponderantly of males that had spent two winters in the ocean (two ocean-years) and females that had spent three winters in the ocean (three ocean-years). They entered the tributary over a period of 14 days in two waves separated by an interval of three days. The overall median life span in the stream was 12 days in the first wave and eight days in the second wave. The difference was primarily due to predation on the salmon by the brown bear (Ursus arctos). The average female established a redd in 1.4 days; thereafter the females rarely moved far from their redds. The average male required 2.3 days to establish himself in a spawning locale; thereafter most males remained within a relatively small area. The males showed a decided tendency to remain in areas with a high density of females on redds. Fewer females than males overshot their spawning sites. No relation was found between the movements of spawners and either variations of water level or surface water temperature of the stream. Bear predation disrupted spawning activities only locally and temporarily. Males of three ocean-years paired with more females per male than did males of one or two ocean-years. But because of their greater numbers two-ocean-year males participated in more spawnings than did three-ocean-year males. The mean duration of pairing of a particular male with a particular female on a redd was 1.25 days. I concluded that homing within the tributary did not occur; therefore its spawning stock must be a homogeneous unit. The role of the male is primarily one of fertilization of the eggs, not one of defense of territory. Because of the abnormally high ratio of males to females, competition between males for spawning partners resulted in most males of one or two ocean-years being relegated to attend females paired with larger males. Conflict among the males was apparently largely confined within two separate classes of males: males 50 cm or shorter jockeyed among themselves for seemingly preferred positions of attendance next to a pair on a redd, while males 51 cm or longer competed for spawning partners. The polygamous habit in sockeye salmon usually results in a seeming excess of males on the spawning ground beyond the number required to fertilize the eggs. I propose that this "surplus" of males provides a safety factor in times of low numbers in a stock and the competition needed to disperse the males among the available females; both provisions insure fertilization of the available eggs, However, crucial experiments need to be done on an entire population of sockeye salmon with artificially reduced ratios of males to females to determine whether the movements of the spawners would result in an efficiency of egg fertilization sufficient to make harvesting of the "surplus" males feasible. Title: Movements of spawning sockeye salmon in Hidden Creek, Brooks Lake, Alaska Author: Tsunoda, Setsuwo The movements of a population of adult sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) were followed in a small tributary of Brooks Lake, Alaska until spawning was nearly complete in 1963. The objectives of the study were to describe the movements of sockeye salmon on the spawning ground of an entire small stream, to determine factors related to such movements, and to consider the significance of the movements to the species. The spawning run was inventoried at a weir located near the mouth of the tributary. Portions of the run were sampled as they immigrated, and the sampled fish were tagged to enable subsequent identification of individual fish on the spawning ground. Following the initial immigration, daily observations were made to ascertain the location of all fish and the activities of the tagged fish. Tagging had no material effect on either dispersal in the stream or pairing of spawners. The spawning run totalled 2,495; the ratio of males to females was 2.27:1.00, The run consisted preponderantly of males that had spent two winters in the ocean (two ocean-years) and females that had spent three winters in the ocean (three ocean-years). They entered the tributary over a period of 14 days in two waves separated by an interval of three days. The overall median life span in the stream was 12 days in the first wave and eight days in the second wave. The difference was primarily due to predation on the salmon by the brown bear (Ursus arctos). The average female established a redd in 1.4 days; thereafter the females rarely moved far from their redds. The average male required 2.3 days to establish himself in a spawning locale; thereafter most males remained within a relatively small area. The males showed a decided tendency to remain in areas with a high density of females on redds. Fewer females than males overshot their spawning sites. No relation was found between the movements of spawners and either variations of water level or surface water temperature of the stream. Bear predation disrupted spawning activities only locally and temporarily. Males of three ocean-years paired with more females per male than did males of one or two ocean-years. But because of their greater numbers two-ocean-year males participated in more spawnings than did three-ocean-year males. The mean duration of pairing of a particular male with a particular female on a redd was 1.25 days. I concluded that homing within the tributary did not occur; therefore its spawning stock must be a homogeneous unit. The role of the male is primarily one of fertilization of the eggs, not one of defense of territory. Because of the abnormally high ratio of males to females, competition between males for spawning partners resulted in most males of one or two ocean-years being relegated to attend females paired with larger males. Conflict among the males was apparently largely confined within two separate classes of males: males 50 cm or shorter jockeyed among themselves for seemingly preferred positions of attendance next to a pair on a redd, while males 51 cm or longer competed for spawning partners. The polygamous habit in sockeye salmon usually results in a seeming excess of males on the spawning ground beyond the number required to fertilize the eggs. I propose that this "surplus" of males provides a safety factor in times of low numbers in a stock and the competition needed to disperse the males among the available females; both provisions insure fertilization of the available eggs, However, crucial experiments need to be done on an entire population of sockeye salmon with artificially reduced ratios of males to females to determine whether the movements of the spawners would result in an efficiency of egg fertilization sufficient to make harvesting of the "surplus" males feasible. Close

• 17. [Article] Differential use of salmon by vertebrate consumers: implications for conservation

  This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the author(s) and published by PeerJ. The published article can be found at: https://peerj.com/

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Differential use of salmon by vertebrate consumers: implications for conservation Author: Allen, Jennifer M., Wilmers, Christopher C., Wheat, Rachel E., Levi, Taal This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the author(s) and published by PeerJ. The published article can be found at: https://peerj.com/ Title: Differential use of salmon by vertebrate consumers: implications for conservation Author: Allen, Jennifer M., Wilmers, Christopher C., Wheat, Rachel E., Levi, Taal This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the author(s) and published by PeerJ. The published article can be found at: https://peerj.com/ Close

• 18. [Article] Lower Snake River Compensation Plan; Oregon Spring Chinook Salmon Evaluation Studies - 1999 Annual Progress Report

  Abstract -- This report summarizes spring Chinook salmon monitoring data for the Lower Snake River Compensation Plan (LSRCP) facilities in 1999. The main objective of this report is to document and evaluate ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Lower Snake River Compensation Plan; Oregon Spring Chinook Salmon Evaluation Studies - 1999 Annual Progress Report Abstract -- This report summarizes spring Chinook salmon monitoring data for the Lower Snake River Compensation Plan (LSRCP) facilities in 1999. The main objective of this report is to document and evaluate salmon culture performance for spring Chinook salmon hatchery programs and achievement of management objectives in the Grande Ronde and Imnaha river basins. These data are used to design culture practices to optimize egg-to-smolt survival rate, smolt quality and smolt-to-adult survival rate. This report provides information on rearing and release operations for the 1997 and 1998 cohorts of juvenile Chinook salmon, the collection, spawning and adult characteristics for the 1999 return of adult Chinook salmon, and the collection of eggs for the 1999 cohort. Lower Snake River Compensation Plan (LSRCP) ODFW- Eastern Oregon Fish Research (EOFR) Title: Lower Snake River Compensation Plan; Oregon Spring Chinook Salmon Evaluation Studies - 1999 Annual Progress Report Abstract -- This report summarizes spring Chinook salmon monitoring data for the Lower Snake River Compensation Plan (LSRCP) facilities in 1999. The main objective of this report is to document and evaluate salmon culture performance for spring Chinook salmon hatchery programs and achievement of management objectives in the Grande Ronde and Imnaha river basins. These data are used to design culture practices to optimize egg-to-smolt survival rate, smolt quality and smolt-to-adult survival rate. This report provides information on rearing and release operations for the 1997 and 1998 cohorts of juvenile Chinook salmon, the collection, spawning and adult characteristics for the 1999 return of adult Chinook salmon, and the collection of eggs for the 1999 cohort. Lower Snake River Compensation Plan (LSRCP) ODFW- Eastern Oregon Fish Research (EOFR) Close

• 19. [Article] Lower Snake River Compensation Plan; Oregon Spring Chinook Salmon Evaluation Studies - 2000 Annual Progress Report

  Abstract -- This report summarizes spring Chinook salmon monitoring data for the Lower Snake River Compensation Plan (LSRCP) facilities in 2000. The main objective of this report is to document and evaluate ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Lower Snake River Compensation Plan; Oregon Spring Chinook Salmon Evaluation Studies - 2000 Annual Progress Report Abstract -- This report summarizes spring Chinook salmon monitoring data for the Lower Snake River Compensation Plan (LSRCP) facilities in 2000. The main objective of this report is to document and evaluate salmon culture performance and achievement of management objectives for spring Chinook salmon hatchery programs in the Imnaha and Grande Ronde river basins. These data are used to design culture practices to optimize egg-to-smolt survival rate, smolt quality and smolt-to-adult survival rate. This report provides information on rearing and release operations for the 1998 and 1999 cohorts of juvenile Chinook salmon, the collection, spawning and adult characteristics for the 2000 return of adult Chinook salmon, and the collection of eggs for the 2000 cohort. Lower Snake River Compensation Plan (LSRCP) ODFW- Eastern Oregon Fish Research (EOFR) Title: Lower Snake River Compensation Plan; Oregon Spring Chinook Salmon Evaluation Studies - 2000 Annual Progress Report Abstract -- This report summarizes spring Chinook salmon monitoring data for the Lower Snake River Compensation Plan (LSRCP) facilities in 2000. The main objective of this report is to document and evaluate salmon culture performance and achievement of management objectives for spring Chinook salmon hatchery programs in the Imnaha and Grande Ronde river basins. These data are used to design culture practices to optimize egg-to-smolt survival rate, smolt quality and smolt-to-adult survival rate. This report provides information on rearing and release operations for the 1998 and 1999 cohorts of juvenile Chinook salmon, the collection, spawning and adult characteristics for the 2000 return of adult Chinook salmon, and the collection of eggs for the 2000 cohort. Lower Snake River Compensation Plan (LSRCP) ODFW- Eastern Oregon Fish Research (EOFR) Close

• 20. [Article] Willamette BiOp - Evaluation of the Trap and Transport of Adult Steelhead Above USACE Project Dams in the Upper Willamette Basin

  Abstract -- Wild, winter-run steelhead are trapped and transported above US Army Corps dams in the Willamette River basin in an effort to reintroduce these fish into historical habitats as part of federal ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Willamette BiOp - Evaluation of the Trap and Transport of Adult Steelhead Above USACE Project Dams in the Upper Willamette Basin Abstract -- Wild, winter-run steelhead are trapped and transported above US Army Corps dams in the Willamette River basin in an effort to reintroduce these fish into historical habitats as part of federal mitigation obligations. The goal of this project was to provide information on spawning distribution of winter steelhead above and below Foster Dam considering the influence of upstream fish passage and outplanting procedures. Data were collected by conducting spawning ground surveys throughout the South Santiam subbasin using a spatially-balanced design during the 2015/2016 and 2016/2017 spawning seasons. During the 2016/2017 season additional surveys were conducted explicitly to determine the amount of overlap between winter-run and non-native, hatchery summer-run steelhead on the spawning grounds. Generally, both summer- and winter-run steelhead spawned in the upper reaches of streams and near Foster Dam. There was a six-week separation between the end of summer-run spawning and the onset of winter-run spawning. Outplanting methods for both runs have been consistent since at least 2006 and we found no evidence of negative impacts of the program on prespawn mortality. The spatiallybalanced survey design resulted in a threefold increase in miles surveyed compared to traditional index surveys and provided information regarding the distribution of spawning activity in the South Santiam subbasin that was lacking. The South Santiam River does not have any fish counting stations and, other than fish volitionally entering the trap at Foster Dam, there is no way to know how many fish enter the subbasin. Continued spawning ground surveys, a video monitoring system at Lebanon Dam, or both are needed to monitor these ESA-listed fish in the subbasin and evaluate the possible negative effects of the hatchery program and outplanting procedures. Title: Willamette BiOp - Evaluation of the Trap and Transport of Adult Steelhead Above USACE Project Dams in the Upper Willamette Basin Abstract -- Wild, winter-run steelhead are trapped and transported above US Army Corps dams in the Willamette River basin in an effort to reintroduce these fish into historical habitats as part of federal mitigation obligations. The goal of this project was to provide information on spawning distribution of winter steelhead above and below Foster Dam considering the influence of upstream fish passage and outplanting procedures. Data were collected by conducting spawning ground surveys throughout the South Santiam subbasin using a spatially-balanced design during the 2015/2016 and 2016/2017 spawning seasons. During the 2016/2017 season additional surveys were conducted explicitly to determine the amount of overlap between winter-run and non-native, hatchery summer-run steelhead on the spawning grounds. Generally, both summer- and winter-run steelhead spawned in the upper reaches of streams and near Foster Dam. There was a six-week separation between the end of summer-run spawning and the onset of winter-run spawning. Outplanting methods for both runs have been consistent since at least 2006 and we found no evidence of negative impacts of the program on prespawn mortality. The spatiallybalanced survey design resulted in a threefold increase in miles surveyed compared to traditional index surveys and provided information regarding the distribution of spawning activity in the South Santiam subbasin that was lacking. The South Santiam River does not have any fish counting stations and, other than fish volitionally entering the trap at Foster Dam, there is no way to know how many fish enter the subbasin. Continued spawning ground surveys, a video monitoring system at Lebanon Dam, or both are needed to monitor these ESA-listed fish in the subbasin and evaluate the possible negative effects of the hatchery program and outplanting procedures. Close