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• 1. [Article] Native freshwater wetland plant associations of northwestern Oregon

  This guide provides keys, descriptions, and stand tables for 122 native freshwater plant associations (14 forest and woodland, 28 shrub, 78 herbaceous, 2 nonvascular) in northwestern Oregon, based on analysis ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Native freshwater wetland plant associations of northwestern Oregon Author: Institute for Natural Resources, Christy, John A., Oregon Natural Heritage Information Center This guide provides keys, descriptions, and stand tables for 122 native freshwater plant associations (14 forest and woodland, 28 shrub, 78 herbaceous, 2 nonvascular) in northwestern Oregon, based on analysis of data from 1,992 plots distributed throughout the study area. Descriptions are provided for eight other plant associations for which there are no plot data. Data were also not available for 114 additional associations reported from the study area (Kagan et al. 2000). The study area includes the north half of both the Coast Range and Western Cascade ecoregions, and all of the Willamette Valley. Vegetation is classified according to the National Vegetation Classification System, and plant associations are assigned to ecological systems that are currently being developed on a nationwide level. Title: Native freshwater wetland plant associations of northwestern Oregon Author: Institute for Natural Resources, Christy, John A., Oregon Natural Heritage Information Center This guide provides keys, descriptions, and stand tables for 122 native freshwater plant associations (14 forest and woodland, 28 shrub, 78 herbaceous, 2 nonvascular) in northwestern Oregon, based on analysis of data from 1,992 plots distributed throughout the study area. Descriptions are provided for eight other plant associations for which there are no plot data. Data were also not available for 114 additional associations reported from the study area (Kagan et al. 2000). The study area includes the north half of both the Coast Range and Western Cascade ecoregions, and all of the Willamette Valley. Vegetation is classified according to the National Vegetation Classification System, and plant associations are assigned to ecological systems that are currently being developed on a nationwide level. Close

• 2. [Article] Wet Meadow Plant Associations, Malheur National Wildlife Refuge, Harney County, Oregon

  Report by Portland State University's Oregon Biodiversity Information Center (ORBIC), part of the Oregon University System's Institute for Natural Resources

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Wet Meadow Plant Associations, Malheur National Wildlife Refuge, Harney County, Oregon Author: Christy, John A. Report by Portland State University's Oregon Biodiversity Information Center (ORBIC), part of the Oregon University System's Institute for Natural Resources Title: Wet Meadow Plant Associations, Malheur National Wildlife Refuge, Harney County, Oregon Author: Christy, John A. Report by Portland State University's Oregon Biodiversity Information Center (ORBIC), part of the Oregon University System's Institute for Natural Resources Close

• 3. [Article] Wet Meadow Plant Associations, Malheur National Wildlife Refuge, Harney County, Oregon

  In July 2012, we sampled 131 plots in wet meadow habitat at the southern end of the Malheur National Wildlife Refuge. Analysis of the data identified eleven different plant associations: Alopecurus pratensis, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Wet Meadow Plant Associations, Malheur National Wildlife Refuge, Harney County, Oregon Author: Christy, John A. Year: 2013 In July 2012, we sampled 131 plots in wet meadow habitat at the southern end of the Malheur National Wildlife Refuge. Analysis of the data identified eleven different plant associations: Alopecurus pratensis, Carex aquatilis var. aquatilis, Carex nebrascensis, Carex pellita, Carex praegracilis, Carex sheldonii, Distichlis spicata, Juncus balticus, Leymus triticoides, Phalaris arundinacea, and Sparganium eurycarpum. Plant associations spanned a wetland gradient from seasonally moist to seasonally or perennially flooded, but surface water had left most stands at time of sampling. Mean Wetland Indicator Status scores help to place the plant associations within gradients in soil moisture and alkalinity. The Alopecurus pratensis and Phalaris arundinacea associations are dominated by exotic, invasive species and appear to be outcompeting native plant associations. Phases of the Carex praegracilis association appear to be replaced by the Alopecurus pratensis association, while the Carex pellita, Juncus balticus, and Leymus triticoides associations may be replaced by the Phalaris arundinacea association. The Carex aquatilis and Sparganium eurycarpum associations were undersampled and provide only an estimate of composition. Most associations are consistent with what has been included in the National Vegetation Classification. Title: Wet Meadow Plant Associations, Malheur National Wildlife Refuge, Harney County, Oregon Author: Christy, John A. Year: 2013 In July 2012, we sampled 131 plots in wet meadow habitat at the southern end of the Malheur National Wildlife Refuge. Analysis of the data identified eleven different plant associations: Alopecurus pratensis, Carex aquatilis var. aquatilis, Carex nebrascensis, Carex pellita, Carex praegracilis, Carex sheldonii, Distichlis spicata, Juncus balticus, Leymus triticoides, Phalaris arundinacea, and Sparganium eurycarpum. Plant associations spanned a wetland gradient from seasonally moist to seasonally or perennially flooded, but surface water had left most stands at time of sampling. Mean Wetland Indicator Status scores help to place the plant associations within gradients in soil moisture and alkalinity. The Alopecurus pratensis and Phalaris arundinacea associations are dominated by exotic, invasive species and appear to be outcompeting native plant associations. Phases of the Carex praegracilis association appear to be replaced by the Alopecurus pratensis association, while the Carex pellita, Juncus balticus, and Leymus triticoides associations may be replaced by the Phalaris arundinacea association. The Carex aquatilis and Sparganium eurycarpum associations were undersampled and provide only an estimate of composition. Most associations are consistent with what has been included in the National Vegetation Classification. Close

• 4. [Article] An interpretation of synecologic relationships in the Billy Meadows area of the Wallowa-Whitman National Forest

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: An interpretation of synecologic relationships in the Billy Meadows area of the Wallowa-Whitman National Forest Author: Johnson, Charles G. Title: An interpretation of synecologic relationships in the Billy Meadows area of the Wallowa-Whitman National Forest Author: Johnson, Charles G. Close

• 5. [Article] Forested plant associations of the Olympic National Forest

  A potential vegetation classification system is presented for the Olympic National Forest. It is based on a sample of 1046 Reconnaissance and 408 Intensive plots. The hierarchical classification includes ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Forested plant associations of the Olympic National Forest Author: Henderson, Jan A., Shaw, David C., Peter, David H., Lesher, Robin D. A potential vegetation classification system is presented for the Olympic National Forest. It is based on a sample of 1046 Reconnaissance and 408 Intensive plots. The hierarchical classification includes sixvegetation series and 64 plant associations. Diagnostickeys are presented to aid in the identification of series and associations. Descriptions are presented for each series and association which are oriented toward the application of this classification for land management objectives. Association descriptions include information about plant species occurrences, including mosses and lichens, mammals, birds, insect pests and diseases. Most descriptions include information on timber productivity and soils. Background information is also presented on the ecology, geology, soils and history of the Olympic Mountains. Key words: vegetation classification, climax vegetation, climax plant communities, plant association, vegetation series, plant community ecology, forest ecology, mosses, lichens, birds, mammals, forest diseases, timber productivity, soil, Olympic Mountains. Title: Forested plant associations of the Olympic National Forest Author: Henderson, Jan A., Shaw, David C., Peter, David H., Lesher, Robin D. A potential vegetation classification system is presented for the Olympic National Forest. It is based on a sample of 1046 Reconnaissance and 408 Intensive plots. The hierarchical classification includes sixvegetation series and 64 plant associations. Diagnostickeys are presented to aid in the identification of series and associations. Descriptions are presented for each series and association which are oriented toward the application of this classification for land management objectives. Association descriptions include information about plant species occurrences, including mosses and lichens, mammals, birds, insect pests and diseases. Most descriptions include information on timber productivity and soils. Background information is also presented on the ecology, geology, soils and history of the Olympic Mountains. Key words: vegetation classification, climax vegetation, climax plant communities, plant association, vegetation series, plant community ecology, forest ecology, mosses, lichens, birds, mammals, forest diseases, timber productivity, soil, Olympic Mountains. Close

• 6. [Article] Tillamook Bay environmental characterization : a scientific and technical summary : Final Report

  This document was prepared under Cooperative Agreement #CE990292–1 with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Tillamook Bay environmental characterization : a scientific and technical summary : Final Report This document was prepared under Cooperative Agreement #CE990292–1 with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Title: Tillamook Bay environmental characterization : a scientific and technical summary : Final Report This document was prepared under Cooperative Agreement #CE990292–1 with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Close

• 7. [Article] Biological opinion: Canby Ferry shoreside improvements project, Mountain Road, Clackamas County

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Biological opinion: Canby Ferry shoreside improvements project, Mountain Road, Clackamas County Author: U.S. Federal Highway Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, Northwest Region Title: Biological opinion: Canby Ferry shoreside improvements project, Mountain Road, Clackamas County Author: U.S. Federal Highway Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, Northwest Region Close

• 8. [Article] Forested plant associations of the Colville National Forest

  A classification of forest vegetation is presented for the Colville National Forest in northeastern Washington State. It is based on potential vegetation with the plant association as the basic unit. The classification ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Forested plant associations of the Colville National Forest Author: Pacific Northwest Research Station (Portland, Or.), Kelley, Brian F., Smith, Bradley G., Lillybridge, Terry R., Williams, Clinton K. A classification of forest vegetation is presented for the Colville National Forest in northeastern Washington State. It is based on potential vegetation with the plant association as the basic unit. The classification is based on a sample of approximately 229 intensive plots and 282 reconnaisance plots distributed across the forest from 1980 to 1983. The hierarchical classification includes 5 forest tree series and 39 plant associations or community types. Diagnostic keys are presented for each tree series and plant association or community type. Descriptions include information about plant association or community species composition, occurrences, distribution, environment, soils, forest productivity, management implications and relations to other vegetation classifications. Background information is also presented on the ecology, geology, soils, climate, and fire history of the Colville National Forest. Title: Forested plant associations of the Colville National Forest Author: Pacific Northwest Research Station (Portland, Or.), Kelley, Brian F., Smith, Bradley G., Lillybridge, Terry R., Williams, Clinton K. A classification of forest vegetation is presented for the Colville National Forest in northeastern Washington State. It is based on potential vegetation with the plant association as the basic unit. The classification is based on a sample of approximately 229 intensive plots and 282 reconnaisance plots distributed across the forest from 1980 to 1983. The hierarchical classification includes 5 forest tree series and 39 plant associations or community types. Diagnostic keys are presented for each tree series and plant association or community type. Descriptions include information about plant association or community species composition, occurrences, distribution, environment, soils, forest productivity, management implications and relations to other vegetation classifications. Background information is also presented on the ecology, geology, soils, climate, and fire history of the Colville National Forest. Close

• 9. [Article] Trask Watershed assessment

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Trask Watershed assessment Author: Follansbee, Bruce Title: Trask Watershed assessment Author: Follansbee, Bruce Close

• 10. [Article] Field guide to the forested plant associations of the Mt. Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest

  A classification of forest vegetation is presented for the Mt. Baker-snoqualmie Forest. It is based on the potential National vegetation and uses the plant association as the basic unit. The classification ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Field guide to the forested plant associations of the Mt. Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest Author: Henderson, Jan A., Shaw, David C., Peter, David H., Lesher, Robin D. A classification of forest vegetation is presented for the Mt. Baker-snoqualmie Forest. It is based on the potential National vegetation and uses the plant association as the basic unit. The classification is based on 2464 sample plots distributed across the Forest from 1979 to 1990. Of these 1963 were in late successional stands over 150 years old. An additional 633 plots were taken in non-forest communities or undescribed plant associations. The hierarchical classification includes 4 forest series, 19 plant association groups, and 60 plant associations. Diagnostic keys are presented to aid in the identification of vegetation series and plant associations. Descriptions are presented for each series and association. Plant association descriptions include information about plant species occurrences, distribution, environment and soils, potential timber productivity, management considerations, and comparisons with similar plant associations. Key words: vegetation classification, climax plant communities, potential vegetation, plant association, vegetation series, forest ecology, forest environment, Cascade Mountains. Title: Field guide to the forested plant associations of the Mt. Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest Author: Henderson, Jan A., Shaw, David C., Peter, David H., Lesher, Robin D. A classification of forest vegetation is presented for the Mt. Baker-snoqualmie Forest. It is based on the potential National vegetation and uses the plant association as the basic unit. The classification is based on 2464 sample plots distributed across the Forest from 1979 to 1990. Of these 1963 were in late successional stands over 150 years old. An additional 633 plots were taken in non-forest communities or undescribed plant associations. The hierarchical classification includes 4 forest series, 19 plant association groups, and 60 plant associations. Diagnostic keys are presented to aid in the identification of vegetation series and plant associations. Descriptions are presented for each series and association. Plant association descriptions include information about plant species occurrences, distribution, environment and soils, potential timber productivity, management considerations, and comparisons with similar plant associations. Key words: vegetation classification, climax plant communities, potential vegetation, plant association, vegetation series, forest ecology, forest environment, Cascade Mountains. Close

• 11. [Article] Study on integrating surveys of terrestrial natural resources : the Oregon Demonstration Project

  An interagency project demonstrated the feasibility of integrating Federal surveys of terrestrial natural resources and offers a vision for that integration. At locations selected from forest inventory ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Study on integrating surveys of terrestrial natural resources : the Oregon Demonstration Project Author: House, Carol C., Williams, William, Geissler, Paul H., Goebel, J. Jeffery, Olsen, Anthony R., Schreuder, Hans T., National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory (U.S.) An interagency project demonstrated the feasibility of integrating Federal surveys of terrestrial natural resources and offers a vision for that integration. At locations selected from forest inventory and analysis, National forest system Region 6, and national resources inventory surveys in a six-county area in Northern Oregon, experienced teams interpreted and made measurements on aerial photographs and measured on-site a range of soil, vegetation and animal attributes. The project demonstrated the feasibility of conducting a combined FIA/NFS/NRI survey at the substate level and suggests an approach that will preserve the utility of the critical historic information from these surveys. Title: Study on integrating surveys of terrestrial natural resources : the Oregon Demonstration Project Author: House, Carol C., Williams, William, Geissler, Paul H., Goebel, J. Jeffery, Olsen, Anthony R., Schreuder, Hans T., National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory (U.S.) An interagency project demonstrated the feasibility of integrating Federal surveys of terrestrial natural resources and offers a vision for that integration. At locations selected from forest inventory and analysis, National forest system Region 6, and national resources inventory surveys in a six-county area in Northern Oregon, experienced teams interpreted and made measurements on aerial photographs and measured on-site a range of soil, vegetation and animal attributes. The project demonstrated the feasibility of conducting a combined FIA/NFS/NRI survey at the substate level and suggests an approach that will preserve the utility of the critical historic information from these surveys. Close

• 12. [Article] Mid-Montane Wetland Plant Associations of the Maiheur, Umatilla and Wallowa-Whitman National Forests

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Mid-Montane Wetland Plant Associations of the Maiheur, Umatilla and Wallowa-Whitman National Forests Author: United States. Forest Service. Pacific Northwest Region., Clausnitzer, Rodrick R., Crowe, Elizabeth A. (Elizabeth Ann), 1963- Title: Mid-Montane Wetland Plant Associations of the Maiheur, Umatilla and Wallowa-Whitman National Forests Author: United States. Forest Service. Pacific Northwest Region., Clausnitzer, Rodrick R., Crowe, Elizabeth A. (Elizabeth Ann), 1963- Close

• 13. [Article] Plant Association Group and Special Habitat Descriptions Deschutes and Ochoco National Forests, Crooked River National Grassland

  This is an unpublished document.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Plant Association Group and Special Habitat Descriptions Deschutes and Ochoco National Forests, Crooked River National Grassland Author: Vora, Robin, Grenier, Katie, Schuller, Reid, Simpson, Mike This is an unpublished document. Title: Plant Association Group and Special Habitat Descriptions Deschutes and Ochoco National Forests, Crooked River National Grassland Author: Vora, Robin, Grenier, Katie, Schuller, Reid, Simpson, Mike This is an unpublished document. Close

• 14. [Article] Estuary management in the Pacific Northwest

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Estuary management in the Pacific Northwest Title: Estuary management in the Pacific Northwest Close

• 15. [Article] Effect of riparian areas on the ecological condition of small, perennial streams in agricultural landscapes of the Willamette Valley : research plan, June 1997

  Little research has been directed toward determining the status and ecological role of riparian areas in agricultural landscapes of the Willamette Valley, Oregon. A research project has been designed to ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Effect of riparian areas on the ecological condition of small, perennial streams in agricultural landscapes of the Willamette Valley : research plan, June 1997 Author: Moser, Thomas J., Schuft, Michael J., Wigington, P.J., Herlihy, Alan T., Van Sickle, John, Kaufmann, Phillip R., McAllister, Lynne S. Little research has been directed toward determining the status and ecological role of riparian areas in agricultural landscapes of the Willamette Valley, Oregon. A research project has been designed to contribute to the development and evaluation of alternative future scenarios and to improve the basic understanding of the role of riparian areas on the ecological condition of small, perennial streams in agricultural landscapes of the Willamette Valley. The objectives of the research are: (1) to quantify relationships between riparian attributes at varying spatial scales and stream ecological condition, and (2) to estimate the influence of selected riparian area-agricultural configurations on the indicators of stream ecological condition. To address these objectives, remotely-sensed imagery (aerial photography and thematic mapper satellite imagery) will be used to quantify land cover at multiple spatial scales (i.e., stream reach, stream network, watershed), from which riparian vegetation function, land use stressor, and stream network structure indicators (i.e., potential explanatory variables) are derived for 41 study watersheds. Title: Effect of riparian areas on the ecological condition of small, perennial streams in agricultural landscapes of the Willamette Valley : research plan, June 1997 Author: Moser, Thomas J., Schuft, Michael J., Wigington, P.J., Herlihy, Alan T., Van Sickle, John, Kaufmann, Phillip R., McAllister, Lynne S. Little research has been directed toward determining the status and ecological role of riparian areas in agricultural landscapes of the Willamette Valley, Oregon. A research project has been designed to contribute to the development and evaluation of alternative future scenarios and to improve the basic understanding of the role of riparian areas on the ecological condition of small, perennial streams in agricultural landscapes of the Willamette Valley. The objectives of the research are: (1) to quantify relationships between riparian attributes at varying spatial scales and stream ecological condition, and (2) to estimate the influence of selected riparian area-agricultural configurations on the indicators of stream ecological condition. To address these objectives, remotely-sensed imagery (aerial photography and thematic mapper satellite imagery) will be used to quantify land cover at multiple spatial scales (i.e., stream reach, stream network, watershed), from which riparian vegetation function, land use stressor, and stream network structure indicators (i.e., potential explanatory variables) are derived for 41 study watersheds. Close

• 16. [Article] Tillamook Bay comprehensive conservation and mangement plan : restoring the balance

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Tillamook Bay comprehensive conservation and mangement plan : restoring the balance Title: Tillamook Bay comprehensive conservation and mangement plan : restoring the balance Close

• 17. [Article] Coho salmon : life in the watershed

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Coho salmon : life in the watershed Author: Oregon State University. Sea Grant College Program, Oregon Coastal Watershed Enhancement Project Title: Coho salmon : life in the watershed Author: Oregon State University. Sea Grant College Program, Oregon Coastal Watershed Enhancement Project Close

• 18. [Article] High-use destinations in wilderness :|bsocial and biophysical impacts, visitor responses, and management options

  Six high-use destination areas were studied in the Alpine Lakes, Mount Jefferson, and Three Sisters Wildernesses in Washington and Oregon. Exit interviews were conducted with visitors, and recreation impacts ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: High-use destinations in wilderness :|bsocial and biophysical impacts, visitor responses, and management options Author: Rocky Mountain Research Station (Ogden, Utah), Cole, David N., Hall, Troy E., Watson, Alan E., Spildie, David R. Six high-use destination areas were studied in the Alpine Lakes, Mount Jefferson, and Three Sisters Wildernesses in Washington and Oregon. Exit interviews were conducted with visitors, and recreation impacts and visitor encounter rates between groups were quantified. Encounter rates were extremely high and impacts were substantial but localized. Visitors were more concerned about high impact levels than high encounter rates. Management implications are explored. Title: High-use destinations in wilderness :|bsocial and biophysical impacts, visitor responses, and management options Author: Rocky Mountain Research Station (Ogden, Utah), Cole, David N., Hall, Troy E., Watson, Alan E., Spildie, David R. Six high-use destination areas were studied in the Alpine Lakes, Mount Jefferson, and Three Sisters Wildernesses in Washington and Oregon. Exit interviews were conducted with visitors, and recreation impacts and visitor encounter rates between groups were quantified. Encounter rates were extremely high and impacts were substantial but localized. Visitors were more concerned about high impact levels than high encounter rates. Management implications are explored. Close

• 19. [Article] Monitoring for Ozone Injury in West Coast (Oregon, Washington, California) Forests in 1998

  In 1998, forest vegetation was monitored for ozone injury on permanent plots in two Sierra Nevada national forests in California, at three locations in Mount Rainier National Park in Washington, and at ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Monitoring for Ozone Injury in West Coast (Oregon, Washington, California) Forests in 1998 Author: Rochefort, Regina, Pacific Northwest Research Station (Portland, Or.), Andersen, Chris, Smith, Gretchen, Temple, Pat, Campbell, Sally J., Pronos, John In 1998, forest vegetation was monitored for ozone injury on permanent plots in two Sierra Nevada national forests in California, at three locations in Mount Rainier National Park in Washington, and at 68 forest health monitoring (FHM) locations throughout Washington, Oregon, and California. This was the first year that extensive monitoring of forest vegetation for ozone injury was carried out in Oregon, and Washington. Injury was detected on ponderosa and Jeffrey pine in the Sierra Nevada permanent plots and on red elderberry at one FHM location in southwest Washington. No injury was detected at the Mount Rainier sites. The authors also report on results of a trial where red alder, huckleberry, blue elderberry, and chokecherry were exposed to ozone under controlled conditions. Title: Monitoring for Ozone Injury in West Coast (Oregon, Washington, California) Forests in 1998 Author: Rochefort, Regina, Pacific Northwest Research Station (Portland, Or.), Andersen, Chris, Smith, Gretchen, Temple, Pat, Campbell, Sally J., Pronos, John In 1998, forest vegetation was monitored for ozone injury on permanent plots in two Sierra Nevada national forests in California, at three locations in Mount Rainier National Park in Washington, and at 68 forest health monitoring (FHM) locations throughout Washington, Oregon, and California. This was the first year that extensive monitoring of forest vegetation for ozone injury was carried out in Oregon, and Washington. Injury was detected on ponderosa and Jeffrey pine in the Sierra Nevada permanent plots and on red elderberry at one FHM location in southwest Washington. No injury was detected at the Mount Rainier sites. The authors also report on results of a trial where red alder, huckleberry, blue elderberry, and chokecherry were exposed to ozone under controlled conditions. Close

• 20. [Article] Small scale photo probability sampling and vegetation classification in southeast Arizona as an ecological base for resource inventory

  Increasing demands on earth resources require the need to know how much resource is present. A new technology, which is developing partially with the support of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Small scale photo probability sampling and vegetation classification in southeast Arizona as an ecological base for resource inventory Author: Johnson, James Russell Increasing demands on earth resources require the need to know how much resource is present. A new technology, which is developing partially with the support of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, will help to inventory and monitor surface resources in a more comprehensive manner than previously possible. Research in southeastern Arizona for the past six years has been developing methodology that would permit the use of space and high altitude imagery for natural vegetation and related resource investigations. This paper reports on three meaningful research contributions in remote sensing of natural vegetation. They are (1) a natural vegetation classification suitable for remote sensing use, (2) a technique for objectively comparing space imagery for relative information content, and (3) a sample scheme for using small scale photography to identify and estimate areas of vegetation types. The natural vegetation classification contains 31 "vegetation types" that were developed for a 3, 200 square mile area. The types are ecologically determined from association tables, and are, therefore, suitable for use in remote sensing applications. This is possible primarily because the types are related to photo identifiable landform variables. The classification is suitable for generalized levels of land use planning, but this was not tested. Three types of space imagery were evaluated for apparent photographic information content. The technique avoided subject-image relationships by concentrating directly on image characteristics. The approach, coined "image groupability", should be a worthwhile contribution to the larger problem of comparative imagery interpretations. An example demonstrates an approach to objective photo stratification based on image groupability results. The third accomplishment involved design and execution of a comparative two stage sampling scheme to estimate kind and extent of vegetation types. The comparison was between two space photos substituted at the first sampling stage. At the second stage (high altitude photography) potential secondary sampling units were categorized by image similarity rather than by the more complicated process of ground subject interpretations. Efficiency gains from space photo stratification were not substantial; however, the sample scheme was effective. Furthermore, clustering, a space photo sampling artifact, saved an estimated 32-35 percent in "working time" expenses when making ground checks by helicopter. Title: Small scale photo probability sampling and vegetation classification in southeast Arizona as an ecological base for resource inventory Author: Johnson, James Russell Increasing demands on earth resources require the need to know how much resource is present. A new technology, which is developing partially with the support of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, will help to inventory and monitor surface resources in a more comprehensive manner than previously possible. Research in southeastern Arizona for the past six years has been developing methodology that would permit the use of space and high altitude imagery for natural vegetation and related resource investigations. This paper reports on three meaningful research contributions in remote sensing of natural vegetation. They are (1) a natural vegetation classification suitable for remote sensing use, (2) a technique for objectively comparing space imagery for relative information content, and (3) a sample scheme for using small scale photography to identify and estimate areas of vegetation types. The natural vegetation classification contains 31 "vegetation types" that were developed for a 3, 200 square mile area. The types are ecologically determined from association tables, and are, therefore, suitable for use in remote sensing applications. This is possible primarily because the types are related to photo identifiable landform variables. The classification is suitable for generalized levels of land use planning, but this was not tested. Three types of space imagery were evaluated for apparent photographic information content. The technique avoided subject-image relationships by concentrating directly on image characteristics. The approach, coined "image groupability", should be a worthwhile contribution to the larger problem of comparative imagery interpretations. An example demonstrates an approach to objective photo stratification based on image groupability results. The third accomplishment involved design and execution of a comparative two stage sampling scheme to estimate kind and extent of vegetation types. The comparison was between two space photos substituted at the first sampling stage. At the second stage (high altitude photography) potential secondary sampling units were categorized by image similarity rather than by the more complicated process of ground subject interpretations. Efficiency gains from space photo stratification were not substantial; however, the sample scheme was effective. Furthermore, clustering, a space photo sampling artifact, saved an estimated 32-35 percent in "working time" expenses when making ground checks by helicopter. Close