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• 1. [Article] The Valuation of Marine Ecosystems in West Africa: A tool for Decision-Making in Ecosystems Management and MPA Governance

  Abstract only.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Valuation of Marine Ecosystems in West Africa: A tool for Decision-Making in Ecosystems Management and MPA Governance Author: Failler, Pierre, Binet, Thomas Abstract only. Title: The Valuation of Marine Ecosystems in West Africa: A tool for Decision-Making in Ecosystems Management and MPA Governance Author: Failler, Pierre, Binet, Thomas Abstract only. Close

• 2. [Article] Foundations for Effective Marine Ecosystem Management

  Research Paper

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Foundations for Effective Marine Ecosystem Management Author: McClurg, Tom Research Paper Title: Foundations for Effective Marine Ecosystem Management Author: McClurg, Tom Research Paper Close

• 3. [Article] Economics of Joint Management of the Resources of the Benguela Current Large Marine Ecosystem

  Research Paper

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Economics of Joint Management of the Resources of the Benguela Current Large Marine Ecosystem Author: Sumaila, Ussif Rashid, Keith, Heather, Munro, Gordon Research Paper Title: Economics of Joint Management of the Resources of the Benguela Current Large Marine Ecosystem Author: Sumaila, Ussif Rashid, Keith, Heather, Munro, Gordon Research Paper Close

• 4. [Article] Advances in Marine Ecosystem Dynamics from US GLOBEC: The Horizontal-Advection Bottom-up Forcing Paradigm

  This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the Oceanography Society and can be found at: http://www.tos.org/oceanography/index.html.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Advances in Marine Ecosystem Dynamics from US GLOBEC: The Horizontal-Advection Bottom-up Forcing Paradigm Author: Hofmann, Eileen E., Mountain, David, Di Lorenzo, Emanuele, Bond, Nicholas, Batchelder, Harold P. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the Oceanography Society and can be found at: http://www.tos.org/oceanography/index.html. Title: Advances in Marine Ecosystem Dynamics from US GLOBEC: The Horizontal-Advection Bottom-up Forcing Paradigm Author: Hofmann, Eileen E., Mountain, David, Di Lorenzo, Emanuele, Bond, Nicholas, Batchelder, Harold P. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the Oceanography Society and can be found at: http://www.tos.org/oceanography/index.html. Close

• 5. [Article] Forage Fish in the California Current Large Marine Ecosystem: Ecological Linkages, Current Catches and Values

  Abstract only.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Forage Fish in the California Current Large Marine Ecosystem: Ecological Linkages, Current Catches and Values Author: Cisneros-Montemayor, Andres, Sumaila, Rashid Abstract only. Title: Forage Fish in the California Current Large Marine Ecosystem: Ecological Linkages, Current Catches and Values Author: Cisneros-Montemayor, Andres, Sumaila, Rashid Abstract only. Close

• 6. [Article] A Comparative Assessment of Damages to Fisheries Livelihood in Villages Affected By the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami

  Research Paper

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: A Comparative Assessment of Damages to Fisheries Livelihood in Villages Affected By the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami Author: Mamiit, Rusyan Jill Research Paper Title: A Comparative Assessment of Damages to Fisheries Livelihood in Villages Affected By the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami Author: Mamiit, Rusyan Jill Research Paper Close

• 7. [Article] Fishing in a Shallow Lake: A Case for Effort Controls?

  In many situation, fishing activity adversely impacts the state of the marine ecosystem, impacts which feed back to affect fish stocks. Some ecosystems appear to have multiple equilibria and exhibit hysteresis, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Fishing in a Shallow Lake: A Case for Effort Controls? Author: Janmaat, John, Ruijs, Arjan In many situation, fishing activity adversely impacts the state of the marine ecosystem, impacts which feed back to affect fish stocks. Some ecosystems appear to have multiple equilibria and exhibit hysteresis, whereby they can become stuck in low productivity states. We show how adding ecosystem dynamics to a classic fisheries model can introduce hysteresis impacts, impacts that affect both the evolution of the fish stock and the fishery harvesting it. We demonstrate that harvest and effort taxes are not equivalent instruments for controlling this externality. We also show that if the fishery is sufficiently degraded, it may not be optimal to move the system back to a healthy environment. Title: Fishing in a Shallow Lake: A Case for Effort Controls? Author: Janmaat, John, Ruijs, Arjan In many situation, fishing activity adversely impacts the state of the marine ecosystem, impacts which feed back to affect fish stocks. Some ecosystems appear to have multiple equilibria and exhibit hysteresis, whereby they can become stuck in low productivity states. We show how adding ecosystem dynamics to a classic fisheries model can introduce hysteresis impacts, impacts that affect both the evolution of the fish stock and the fishery harvesting it. We demonstrate that harvest and effort taxes are not equivalent instruments for controlling this externality. We also show that if the fishery is sufficiently degraded, it may not be optimal to move the system back to a healthy environment. Close

• 8. [Article] A New Proposal of Sustainable Seafood Markets Index (Smi): the Case Study of the Port of Vigo (Spain)

  No poster available.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: A New Proposal of Sustainable Seafood Markets Index (Smi): the Case Study of the Port of Vigo (Spain) Author: Villasante, Sebastian, Rodriguez, Gonzalo No poster available. Title: A New Proposal of Sustainable Seafood Markets Index (Smi): the Case Study of the Port of Vigo (Spain) Author: Villasante, Sebastian, Rodriguez, Gonzalo No poster available. Close

• 9. [Article] A community-based approach for evaluating tradeoffs across marine ecosystem services in Oregon

  As competing uses of our coastlines increase, natural resource agencies are employing marine spatial planning (MSP) to designate areas for different uses or activities in order to reduce conflicts while ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: A community-based approach for evaluating tradeoffs across marine ecosystem services in Oregon Author: Freeman, Peter M. As competing uses of our coastlines increase, natural resource agencies are employing marine spatial planning (MSP) to designate areas for different uses or activities in order to reduce conflicts while achieving ecological, economic and social objectives. A central challenge of implementing MSP is development of a rigorous approach for analyzing tradeoffs across the provision of ecosystem services (i.e., the benefits humans receive from nature). This study develops an operational approach to this problem that is founded on community-based methods, ecological production theory, and multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA). The approach merges ecological models with surveys to identify marine ecosystem services for use in tradeoff analysis. The approach allows for a single set of marine ecosystem services to at once be valued by local stakeholders and measured by biologists, thus connecting social and biological monitoring efforts. To develop the approach in a real-world context, I examined ecosystem services associated with nearshore marine ecosystems in Oregon, where marine reserves are being introduced for biodiversity conservation. I worked with stakeholder focus groups in three Oregon communities to identify 24 marine ecosystem services. I then linked the ecosystem services with ecological indicators, which I then consolidated to derive 11 items for use in a survey-based tradeoff analysis exercise. I administered the survey to a nonrandom sample of stakeholders in Oregon (n=31), from which their relative preferences and preference weights for ecosystem services were derived. The weights and preference measures may then be used in MSP decision-making. Furthermore, I grouped the stakeholder survey data in three ways: by location of residence (coastal vs. non-coastal), by eight categories of affiliation (e.g., business owners, conservationists, commercial and recreational fishers, etc.), and by resource use patterns. I then analyzed the various groupings of stakeholders for within- and between-group homogeneity of preferences. Results of the analyses showed that there are statistically significant variations in preferences within and between most groupings. Capturing the variations in stakeholder preferences is important when developing policies that affect different stakeholder groups. Thus, when implementing the survey instrument, I suggest random sampling of stakeholders stratified by location, affiliation, and resource use. This study provides one of the first examples of a systems-based approach to ecosystem service valuation operationalized to inform MSP, and novel features of the approach have a number of implications for advancing marine research and management. First, by using stakeholders to identify ecosystem services, the approach allows for a tailored implementation of ecosystem-based management at the community level. Second, by integrating ecological and economic information on the provision and value of ecosystem services, the approach provides relevant data for MSP decision-making during the siting, evaluation, and monitoring stages. And third, by applying both stated-preference and MCDA methods, the approach may capture the array of values represented by diverse stakeholder groups. Title: A community-based approach for evaluating tradeoffs across marine ecosystem services in Oregon Author: Freeman, Peter M. As competing uses of our coastlines increase, natural resource agencies are employing marine spatial planning (MSP) to designate areas for different uses or activities in order to reduce conflicts while achieving ecological, economic and social objectives. A central challenge of implementing MSP is development of a rigorous approach for analyzing tradeoffs across the provision of ecosystem services (i.e., the benefits humans receive from nature). This study develops an operational approach to this problem that is founded on community-based methods, ecological production theory, and multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA). The approach merges ecological models with surveys to identify marine ecosystem services for use in tradeoff analysis. The approach allows for a single set of marine ecosystem services to at once be valued by local stakeholders and measured by biologists, thus connecting social and biological monitoring efforts. To develop the approach in a real-world context, I examined ecosystem services associated with nearshore marine ecosystems in Oregon, where marine reserves are being introduced for biodiversity conservation. I worked with stakeholder focus groups in three Oregon communities to identify 24 marine ecosystem services. I then linked the ecosystem services with ecological indicators, which I then consolidated to derive 11 items for use in a survey-based tradeoff analysis exercise. I administered the survey to a nonrandom sample of stakeholders in Oregon (n=31), from which their relative preferences and preference weights for ecosystem services were derived. The weights and preference measures may then be used in MSP decision-making. Furthermore, I grouped the stakeholder survey data in three ways: by location of residence (coastal vs. non-coastal), by eight categories of affiliation (e.g., business owners, conservationists, commercial and recreational fishers, etc.), and by resource use patterns. I then analyzed the various groupings of stakeholders for within- and between-group homogeneity of preferences. Results of the analyses showed that there are statistically significant variations in preferences within and between most groupings. Capturing the variations in stakeholder preferences is important when developing policies that affect different stakeholder groups. Thus, when implementing the survey instrument, I suggest random sampling of stakeholders stratified by location, affiliation, and resource use. This study provides one of the first examples of a systems-based approach to ecosystem service valuation operationalized to inform MSP, and novel features of the approach have a number of implications for advancing marine research and management. First, by using stakeholders to identify ecosystem services, the approach allows for a tailored implementation of ecosystem-based management at the community level. Second, by integrating ecological and economic information on the provision and value of ecosystem services, the approach provides relevant data for MSP decision-making during the siting, evaluation, and monitoring stages. And third, by applying both stated-preference and MCDA methods, the approach may capture the array of values represented by diverse stakeholder groups. Close

• 10. [Article] Ecosystem Management: A Management View

  No poster available.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Ecosystem Management: A Management View Author: Ravn-Jonsen, Lars J. No poster available. Title: Ecosystem Management: A Management View Author: Ravn-Jonsen, Lars J. No poster available. Close

• 11. [Article] Delayed upwelling alters nearshore coastal ocean ecosystems in the northern California current

  This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by The National Academy of Sciences of the USA and can be found at: http://www.pnas.org/.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Delayed upwelling alters nearshore coastal ocean ecosystems in the northern California current Author: Menge, Bruce A., McManus, Margaret A., Chan, Francis, Lubchenco, Jane, Kirincich, Anthony R., Barth, John A., Bane, John M., Nielsen, Karina J., Washburn, Libe, Pierce, Stephen D. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by The National Academy of Sciences of the USA and can be found at: http://www.pnas.org/. Title: Delayed upwelling alters nearshore coastal ocean ecosystems in the northern California current Author: Menge, Bruce A., McManus, Margaret A., Chan, Francis, Lubchenco, Jane, Kirincich, Anthony R., Barth, John A., Bane, John M., Nielsen, Karina J., Washburn, Libe, Pierce, Stephen D. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by The National Academy of Sciences of the USA and can be found at: http://www.pnas.org/. Close

• 12. [Article] Fishing Down the Food Chain: Modeling Trophic interactions in Exploited Marine Ecosystems

  Abstract only.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Fishing Down the Food Chain: Modeling Trophic interactions in Exploited Marine Ecosystems Author: Wilen, James, Wilen, Christopher Abstract only. Title: Fishing Down the Food Chain: Modeling Trophic interactions in Exploited Marine Ecosystems Author: Wilen, James, Wilen, Christopher Abstract only. Close

• 13. [Article] Uses of ecosystem services provided by MPAs: how much do they impact the local economy?

  Abstract only.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Uses of ecosystem services provided by MPAs: how much do they impact the local economy? Author: Person, Jeremy, Le Direach, Laurence, Lavisse, Elodie, Roncin, Nicolas, Boncoeur, Jean, Crec'hiriou, Romain, Marcos Diego, Concepcion Abstract only. Title: Uses of ecosystem services provided by MPAs: how much do they impact the local economy? Author: Person, Jeremy, Le Direach, Laurence, Lavisse, Elodie, Roncin, Nicolas, Boncoeur, Jean, Crec'hiriou, Romain, Marcos Diego, Concepcion Abstract only. Close

• 14. [Article] Climate and Demography Dictate the Strength of Predator-Prey Overlap in a Subarctic Marine Ecosystem

  To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Public ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Climate and Demography Dictate the Strength of Predator-Prey Overlap in a Subarctic Marine Ecosystem Author: Hunsicker, Mary E., Ciannelli, Lorenzo, Bailey, Kevin M., Zador, Stephani, Stige, Leif Christian To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Public Library of Science and can be found at: http://www.plos.org/. Title: Climate and Demography Dictate the Strength of Predator-Prey Overlap in a Subarctic Marine Ecosystem Author: Hunsicker, Mary E., Ciannelli, Lorenzo, Bailey, Kevin M., Zador, Stephani, Stige, Leif Christian To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Public Library of Science and can be found at: http://www.plos.org/. Close

• 15. [Article] A global model of the marine ecosystem for long-term simulations: Sensitivity to ocean mixing, buoyancy forcing, particle sinking, and dissolved organic matter cycling

  A new model of the marine ecosystem coupled into a global Earth System Climate Model suitable for long-term (multimillennial timescale) simulations is presented. The model is based on nitrate as the sole ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: A global model of the marine ecosystem for long-term simulations: Sensitivity to ocean mixing, buoyancy forcing, particle sinking, and dissolved organic matter cycling Author: Eby, M., Giraud, X., Oschlies, Andreas, Schmittner, Andreas, Simmons, H. L. A new model of the marine ecosystem coupled into a global Earth System Climate Model suitable for long-term (multimillennial timescale) simulations is presented. The model is based on nitrate as the sole limiting nutrient. Prognostic equations for nutrients, phytoplankton, zooplankton, and detritus are solved online in the three-dimensional ocean circulation model component. Experiments with different parameterizations of vertical mixing, including a scheme of tidally driven mixing, changes in buoyancy forcing in the Southern Ocean, different particle sinking velocities, and the inclusion of dissolved organic matter are performed, and the results are compared with observations. The results reemphasize the roles of Southern Ocean freshwater forcing and diapycnal mixing in the low-latitude pycnocline in setting the global deep water circulation and properties. The influence of high mixing in the Southern Ocean as inferred from observations is much more limited. The deep water circulation also has a strong influence on the marine ecosystem and nutrient distributions. We demonstrate that larger values of vertical diffusion lead to a shallower nutricline due to increased upwelling. Export production and nutrient distributions respond sensitively to changes in mixing and to the ratio of particle sinking to remineralization in the upper ocean. The best fits to global measurements of temperature, salinity, deep ocean radiocarbon, mixed layer depth, nutrients, and chlorophyll are obtained for values of vertical mixing in the pycnocline of around 0.2–0.3 X 10-4 m2/s and for e-folding depth for particle remineralization of 100–200 m. A simple parameterization of dissolved organic matter dynamics increases primary production and nutrient concentrations in the upper ocean and improves chlorophyll distributions in the subtropical gyres but has no discernible influence on particulate export fluxes. Remaining model deficiencies are identified, and strategies for future model improvement are outlined. Title: A global model of the marine ecosystem for long-term simulations: Sensitivity to ocean mixing, buoyancy forcing, particle sinking, and dissolved organic matter cycling Author: Eby, M., Giraud, X., Oschlies, Andreas, Schmittner, Andreas, Simmons, H. L. A new model of the marine ecosystem coupled into a global Earth System Climate Model suitable for long-term (multimillennial timescale) simulations is presented. The model is based on nitrate as the sole limiting nutrient. Prognostic equations for nutrients, phytoplankton, zooplankton, and detritus are solved online in the three-dimensional ocean circulation model component. Experiments with different parameterizations of vertical mixing, including a scheme of tidally driven mixing, changes in buoyancy forcing in the Southern Ocean, different particle sinking velocities, and the inclusion of dissolved organic matter are performed, and the results are compared with observations. The results reemphasize the roles of Southern Ocean freshwater forcing and diapycnal mixing in the low-latitude pycnocline in setting the global deep water circulation and properties. The influence of high mixing in the Southern Ocean as inferred from observations is much more limited. The deep water circulation also has a strong influence on the marine ecosystem and nutrient distributions. We demonstrate that larger values of vertical diffusion lead to a shallower nutricline due to increased upwelling. Export production and nutrient distributions respond sensitively to changes in mixing and to the ratio of particle sinking to remineralization in the upper ocean. The best fits to global measurements of temperature, salinity, deep ocean radiocarbon, mixed layer depth, nutrients, and chlorophyll are obtained for values of vertical mixing in the pycnocline of around 0.2–0.3 X 10-4 m2/s and for e-folding depth for particle remineralization of 100–200 m. A simple parameterization of dissolved organic matter dynamics increases primary production and nutrient concentrations in the upper ocean and improves chlorophyll distributions in the subtropical gyres but has no discernible influence on particulate export fluxes. Remaining model deficiencies are identified, and strategies for future model improvement are outlined. Close

• 16. [Article] Building Ecological-Economic Models and Scenarios of Marine Resource Systems

  presentation

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Building Ecological-Economic Models and Scenarios of Marine Resource Systems Author: Thebaud, Olivier, Planque, Benjamin, Mahévas, Stéphanie, Vermard, Youen, Smith, Anthony D.M., Lample, Michel, Macher, Claire, Mullon, Christian, Innes, James, Quaas, Martin F., Doyen, Luc presentation Title: Building Ecological-Economic Models and Scenarios of Marine Resource Systems Author: Thebaud, Olivier, Planque, Benjamin, Mahévas, Stéphanie, Vermard, Youen, Smith, Anthony D.M., Lample, Michel, Macher, Claire, Mullon, Christian, Innes, James, Quaas, Martin F., Doyen, Luc presentation Close

• 17. [Article] Currents in Fishery Management

  This thesis provides an overview of fishery management policy types and attempts to determine best practices for biological sustainability in terms of species preservation and biomass recovery. Key concepts ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Currents in Fishery Management Author: DePuy, Genevieve Year: 2016 This thesis provides an overview of fishery management policy types and attempts to determine best practices for biological sustainability in terms of species preservation and biomass recovery. Key concepts include biological sustainability, regulatory forces, and fishery management and output trends. The research question investigated is: what are the best policy practices for regulating marine fishery health and biological stability? The research process of this paper included a review of prior literature in the field of marine policy and fishery management, as well as the use of United States data from the Pacific and Atlantic coasts to evaluate management strategies. Based on both the literature review and the results of the data from Pacific and Atlantic Fisheries, the best management structure appears to be the co-management approach while the best management methodologies involve ecosystem protections and quotas. Title: Currents in Fishery Management Author: DePuy, Genevieve Year: 2016 This thesis provides an overview of fishery management policy types and attempts to determine best practices for biological sustainability in terms of species preservation and biomass recovery. Key concepts include biological sustainability, regulatory forces, and fishery management and output trends. The research question investigated is: what are the best policy practices for regulating marine fishery health and biological stability? The research process of this paper included a review of prior literature in the field of marine policy and fishery management, as well as the use of United States data from the Pacific and Atlantic coasts to evaluate management strategies. Based on both the literature review and the results of the data from Pacific and Atlantic Fisheries, the best management structure appears to be the co-management approach while the best management methodologies involve ecosystem protections and quotas. Close

• 18. [Article] Implications of bycatch reduction strategies for the economic viability of mixed fisheries

  There is growing recognition worldwide that the impacts of fishing on non-targeted components of marine ecosystems should be included in the assessment of fisheries sustainability. This leads to the inclusion ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Implications of bycatch reduction strategies for the economic viability of mixed fisheries Author: Thebaud, Olivier, Martinet, Vincent There is growing recognition worldwide that the impacts of fishing on non-targeted components of marine ecosystems should be included in the assessment of fisheries sustainability. This leads to the inclusion of new constraints in evaluations of the long-term bio-economic performance of fisheries. In this paper, we analyze the implications of such constraints based on the case of bycatch of juvenile hake in the Bay of Biscay (ICES area VIIIa,b) trawl fishery for nephrops. The analysis is based on a discrete time model of the trawl fishery including an age-structured representation of stock dynamics, with uncertainty. We define sustainability using the viability framework of analysis: viability objectives are represented as constraints which relate to the economic status of the fishing fleet and to the biological status of fish stocks. We include an ecological constraint defined as a minimal target threshold for the recruitment of mature hakes, which is related to the fishing mortality induced by trawlers on juvenile hake. Based on stochastic analysis, we define the probability that both economic and ecosystemic constraints are met, as a function of the level of these constraints. We use the model to assess the sustainability of the fishery under different scenarios as regards bycatch reduction strategies. Title: Implications of bycatch reduction strategies for the economic viability of mixed fisheries Author: Thebaud, Olivier, Martinet, Vincent There is growing recognition worldwide that the impacts of fishing on non-targeted components of marine ecosystems should be included in the assessment of fisheries sustainability. This leads to the inclusion of new constraints in evaluations of the long-term bio-economic performance of fisheries. In this paper, we analyze the implications of such constraints based on the case of bycatch of juvenile hake in the Bay of Biscay (ICES area VIIIa,b) trawl fishery for nephrops. The analysis is based on a discrete time model of the trawl fishery including an age-structured representation of stock dynamics, with uncertainty. We define sustainability using the viability framework of analysis: viability objectives are represented as constraints which relate to the economic status of the fishing fleet and to the biological status of fish stocks. We include an ecological constraint defined as a minimal target threshold for the recruitment of mature hakes, which is related to the fishing mortality induced by trawlers on juvenile hake. Based on stochastic analysis, we define the probability that both economic and ecosystemic constraints are met, as a function of the level of these constraints. We use the model to assess the sustainability of the fishery under different scenarios as regards bycatch reduction strategies. Close

• 19. [Article] MengeBruceIntegrativeBiologyAreMetaEcosystems.pdf

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: MengeBruceIntegrativeBiologyAreMetaEcosystems.pdf Author: Menge, Bruce A., Nielsen, Karina J., Chan, Francis, Gouhier, Tarik C., Hacker, Sally D. Title: MengeBruceIntegrativeBiologyAreMetaEcosystems.pdf Author: Menge, Bruce A., Nielsen, Karina J., Chan, Francis, Gouhier, Tarik C., Hacker, Sally D. Close

• 20. [Article] MengeBruceIntegrativeBiologyAreMetaEcosystemsAppendix-A.pdf

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: MengeBruceIntegrativeBiologyAreMetaEcosystemsAppendix-A.pdf Author: Menge, Bruce A., Nielsen, Karina J., Chan, Francis, Hacker, Sally D., Gouhier, Tarik C. Title: MengeBruceIntegrativeBiologyAreMetaEcosystemsAppendix-A.pdf Author: Menge, Bruce A., Nielsen, Karina J., Chan, Francis, Hacker, Sally D., Gouhier, Tarik C. Close