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• 1. [Article] Modeling coastal landscape dynamics

  Examines methods used to predict the way ecological systems respond to human modifications. Coastal marshes; Process-based dynamic spatial ecosystem simulation models; Coastal ecological landscape spatial ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Modeling coastal landscape dynamics Author: Costanza, Robert, Sklar, Fred Hal, White, Mary L. Year: 1990 Examines methods used to predict the way ecological systems respond to human modifications. Coastal marshes; Process-based dynamic spatial ecosystem simulation models; Coastal ecological landscape spatial simulation model; Scenario analysis. Title: Modeling coastal landscape dynamics Author: Costanza, Robert, Sklar, Fred Hal, White, Mary L. Year: 1990 Examines methods used to predict the way ecological systems respond to human modifications. Coastal marshes; Process-based dynamic spatial ecosystem simulation models; Coastal ecological landscape spatial simulation model; Scenario analysis. Close

• 2. [Image] Fog Bank

  	This painting depicts a coastal landscape scene in exaggerated tones of blue, turquoise, and ochre. Gentle waves moving toward the shore are outlined with white and thin lines of red.
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Fog Bank Author: Gunn, John Paul Year: 1975 This painting depicts a coastal landscape scene in exaggerated tones of blue, turquoise, and ochre. Gentle waves moving toward the shore are outlined with white and thin lines of red. Title: Fog Bank Author: Gunn, John Paul Year: 1975 This painting depicts a coastal landscape scene in exaggerated tones of blue, turquoise, and ochre. Gentle waves moving toward the shore are outlined with white and thin lines of red. Close

• 3. [Article] Focus on Forestry ; Winter 1999

  Magazine of the OSU College of Forestry

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Focus on Forestry ; Winter 1999 Author: Wells, Gail, Brown, George, Oregon State University. College of Forestry Magazine of the OSU College of Forestry Title: Focus on Forestry ; Winter 1999 Author: Wells, Gail, Brown, George, Oregon State University. College of Forestry Magazine of the OSU College of Forestry Close

• 4. [Article] Culvert assessment

  The Lower Nehalem Watershed Council utilized information from several sources to identify culverts in the watershed that are most likely to block migration of Coho. Our approach builds upon the GIS data ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Culvert assessment The Lower Nehalem Watershed Council utilized information from several sources to identify culverts in the watershed that are most likely to block migration of Coho. Our approach builds upon the GIS data layers provided by Portland State as part of their assessment of the watershed. Additional data layers were obtained from the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) and Coastal Landscape Analysis Modeling Study (CLAMS). Title: Culvert assessment The Lower Nehalem Watershed Council utilized information from several sources to identify culverts in the watershed that are most likely to block migration of Coho. Our approach builds upon the GIS data layers provided by Portland State as part of their assessment of the watershed. Additional data layers were obtained from the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) and Coastal Landscape Analysis Modeling Study (CLAMS). Close

• 5. [Article] Landscape Management Policy Simulator (LAMPS) : version 1.1 : user guide

  The LAndscape Management Policy Simulator (LAMPS) model, version 1.1, is a spatial simulation model developed to provide forest landscape planning simulations for the Coastal Landscape Analysis and Modeling ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Landscape Management Policy Simulator (LAMPS) : version 1.1 : user guide Author: Lennette, Marie, Oregon State University. Forest Research Laboratory, Bettinger, Pete, 1962- The LAndscape Management Policy Simulator (LAMPS) model, version 1.1, is a spatial simulation model developed to provide forest landscape planning simulations for the Coastal Landscape Analysis and Modeling Study (CLAMS). It is designed to help policymakers, managers, and planners think through alternative management scenarios and their potential effects on the ecological and economic resources of Oregon's Coast Range forests. LAMPS simulates changes to landscape structure over time, incorporating the management intentions of the four major landowner groups and vegetation dynamics. Socioeconomic and ecological information is used to track and allocate activities across the landscape. LAMPS projects, with relatively high resolution, forest conditions across broad areas, all ownership groups, and a planning horizon of 100 yr. This user guide provides instructions on how to use LAMPS for forest landscape simulations of alternative forest policies for the Coast Range of Oregon. Title: Landscape Management Policy Simulator (LAMPS) : version 1.1 : user guide Author: Lennette, Marie, Oregon State University. Forest Research Laboratory, Bettinger, Pete, 1962- The LAndscape Management Policy Simulator (LAMPS) model, version 1.1, is a spatial simulation model developed to provide forest landscape planning simulations for the Coastal Landscape Analysis and Modeling Study (CLAMS). It is designed to help policymakers, managers, and planners think through alternative management scenarios and their potential effects on the ecological and economic resources of Oregon's Coast Range forests. LAMPS simulates changes to landscape structure over time, incorporating the management intentions of the four major landowner groups and vegetation dynamics. Socioeconomic and ecological information is used to track and allocate activities across the landscape. LAMPS projects, with relatively high resolution, forest conditions across broad areas, all ownership groups, and a planning horizon of 100 yr. This user guide provides instructions on how to use LAMPS for forest landscape simulations of alternative forest policies for the Coast Range of Oregon. Close

• 6. [Article] Searching for early archaeological sites along the central Oregon coast : a case study from Neptune State Park (35LA3), Lane County, Oregon

  Locating archaeological sites that predate the arrival of modern sea level has been difficult along the Oregon coast. This is in part believed to be the result of geologic processes that have influenced ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Searching for early archaeological sites along the central Oregon coast : a case study from Neptune State Park (35LA3), Lane County, Oregon Author: Jenevein, Steve Locating archaeological sites that predate the arrival of modern sea level has been difficult along the Oregon coast. This is in part believed to be the result of geologic processes that have influenced the preservation, distribution, and visibility of sites within the Oregon coastal landscape. Because of these changes, researchers have a poor understanding of where sites that predate modern sea level are located within the modern landscape. Geoarchaeological techniques and concepts are well suited to address these types of questions and can help place the fragments of a once much larger paleocoastal landscape into a modern context. In this thesis I use a Geographic Information System (GIS) and geoarchaeological field and laboratory techniques and concepts to conceptualize, locate, and evaluate landforms located within both the paleo and modern central Oregon coastal landscapes. Geoarchaeological investigations conducted as part of this project at the Neptune Site (35LA3) identified mid to late Holocene aged archaeological materials in addition to an erosional contact located between late Pleistocene and Holocene-aged deposits representing the loss of up to 11,400 years of stratigraphic time. To account for this loss of time, a model of landscape change that is occurring at 35LA3 is presented. Depositional sequences such as truncated late Pleistocene aged deposits that underlie mid to late Holocene sediment that are observed at the Neptune Site are similar to, and have been associated with other early sites along the Oregon coast. The identification of these types of deposits and their associated erosional features may serve as key target horizons for future coastal researchers looking for landforms and archaeological deposits and date to the late Pleistocene to mid Holocene. Title: Searching for early archaeological sites along the central Oregon coast : a case study from Neptune State Park (35LA3), Lane County, Oregon Author: Jenevein, Steve Locating archaeological sites that predate the arrival of modern sea level has been difficult along the Oregon coast. This is in part believed to be the result of geologic processes that have influenced the preservation, distribution, and visibility of sites within the Oregon coastal landscape. Because of these changes, researchers have a poor understanding of where sites that predate modern sea level are located within the modern landscape. Geoarchaeological techniques and concepts are well suited to address these types of questions and can help place the fragments of a once much larger paleocoastal landscape into a modern context. In this thesis I use a Geographic Information System (GIS) and geoarchaeological field and laboratory techniques and concepts to conceptualize, locate, and evaluate landforms located within both the paleo and modern central Oregon coastal landscapes. Geoarchaeological investigations conducted as part of this project at the Neptune Site (35LA3) identified mid to late Holocene aged archaeological materials in addition to an erosional contact located between late Pleistocene and Holocene-aged deposits representing the loss of up to 11,400 years of stratigraphic time. To account for this loss of time, a model of landscape change that is occurring at 35LA3 is presented. Depositional sequences such as truncated late Pleistocene aged deposits that underlie mid to late Holocene sediment that are observed at the Neptune Site are similar to, and have been associated with other early sites along the Oregon coast. The identification of these types of deposits and their associated erosional features may serve as key target horizons for future coastal researchers looking for landforms and archaeological deposits and date to the late Pleistocene to mid Holocene. Close

• 7. [Article] Emerging Contaminants in Oregon Coastal Waters: Hotspots, Landscape Drivers and Synergistic Effects on Bivalves

  This presentation focuses on the following research questions: Types and levels of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) in Oregon’s coastal ocean? Levels of CECs in native and commercial oysters? ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Emerging Contaminants in Oregon Coastal Waters: Hotspots, Landscape Drivers and Synergistic Effects on Bivalves Author: Granek, Elise F., Fish, William, Strecker, Angela L. Year: 2013 This presentation focuses on the following research questions: Types and levels of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) in Oregon’s coastal ocean? Levels of CECs in native and commercial oysters? Ecological effects (growth, reproductive output, etc.) of these contaminants in marine bivalves? Title: Emerging Contaminants in Oregon Coastal Waters: Hotspots, Landscape Drivers and Synergistic Effects on Bivalves Author: Granek, Elise F., Fish, William, Strecker, Angela L. Year: 2013 This presentation focuses on the following research questions: Types and levels of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) in Oregon’s coastal ocean? Levels of CECs in native and commercial oysters? Ecological effects (growth, reproductive output, etc.) of these contaminants in marine bivalves? Close

• 8. [Article] Paleoenvironmental reconstruction of an active margin coast from the Pleistocene to the present : examples from southwestern Oregon

  This study illustrates geoarchaeological and paleoenvironmental approaches to the investigation of an active margin coastal setting and provides examples of how information gleaned through examination ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Paleoenvironmental reconstruction of an active margin coast from the Pleistocene to the present : examples from southwestern Oregon Author: Punke, Michele Leigh This study illustrates geoarchaeological and paleoenvironmental approaches to the investigation of an active margin coastal setting and provides examples of how information gleaned through examination of the stratigraphic record can reveal depositional signatures that provide insights into the geomorphic and tectonic forces active within coastal river basins. Three case studies from the southern Oregon coast illustrate the complex relationship between tectonics and geomorphic processes along an active margin coast such as Oregon's Cascadia subduction zone. This work illustrates that the differential preservation of late Pleistocene-age terrestrial deposits in Oregon's coastal landscape, and the early cultural sites they may contain, is not random but can be closely related to larger tectonogeomorphic processes operating at local and regional scales. Detailed subsurface investigation of one case study site, the lower Sixes River valley, reveals a complex history of depositional environment evolution in relation to geomorphic and tectonic forces. Litho- and biostratigraphic data sets are used to develop a depositional environment reconstruction for the lower Sixes River site through time. This reconstruction of the depositional environment from the late Pleistocene to the present indicates a transgressive evolution that differs from models of transgressive coastal facies and from other studied Northwest coast estuarine life histories. Factors such as eustatic sea level rise, regional and local tectonic alteration of the landscape, sediment supply, or valley morphology may have played roles in the creation and preservation of this atypical depositional sequence. Litho- and biostratigraphic evidence of six Cascadia subduction zone earthquakes younger than 6200 cal yr BP is recorded in a long sediment core from the Sixes River valley. All six of these events correlate with events previously reported for the area by Kelsey et al. (2002). At least five additional plate boundary earthquakes lowered tidal marshes and freshwater wetlands prior to 6200 cal yr BP. The presence within the lower Sixes River valley of an intertidal environment capable of recording Cascadia subduction zone earthquakes dating to the late Pleistocene and early Holocene has not been found at any other location on the Northwest coast. Title: Paleoenvironmental reconstruction of an active margin coast from the Pleistocene to the present : examples from southwestern Oregon Author: Punke, Michele Leigh This study illustrates geoarchaeological and paleoenvironmental approaches to the investigation of an active margin coastal setting and provides examples of how information gleaned through examination of the stratigraphic record can reveal depositional signatures that provide insights into the geomorphic and tectonic forces active within coastal river basins. Three case studies from the southern Oregon coast illustrate the complex relationship between tectonics and geomorphic processes along an active margin coast such as Oregon's Cascadia subduction zone. This work illustrates that the differential preservation of late Pleistocene-age terrestrial deposits in Oregon's coastal landscape, and the early cultural sites they may contain, is not random but can be closely related to larger tectonogeomorphic processes operating at local and regional scales. Detailed subsurface investigation of one case study site, the lower Sixes River valley, reveals a complex history of depositional environment evolution in relation to geomorphic and tectonic forces. Litho- and biostratigraphic data sets are used to develop a depositional environment reconstruction for the lower Sixes River site through time. This reconstruction of the depositional environment from the late Pleistocene to the present indicates a transgressive evolution that differs from models of transgressive coastal facies and from other studied Northwest coast estuarine life histories. Factors such as eustatic sea level rise, regional and local tectonic alteration of the landscape, sediment supply, or valley morphology may have played roles in the creation and preservation of this atypical depositional sequence. Litho- and biostratigraphic evidence of six Cascadia subduction zone earthquakes younger than 6200 cal yr BP is recorded in a long sediment core from the Sixes River valley. All six of these events correlate with events previously reported for the area by Kelsey et al. (2002). At least five additional plate boundary earthquakes lowered tidal marshes and freshwater wetlands prior to 6200 cal yr BP. The presence within the lower Sixes River valley of an intertidal environment capable of recording Cascadia subduction zone earthquakes dating to the late Pleistocene and early Holocene has not been found at any other location on the Northwest coast. Close

• 9. [Article] Technology and meaning in natural resource management : the story-making role of GIS in the CLAMS project

  The working hypothesis for this study is that the introduction of GIS technology into the ancient procedures of map-making has changed the map-making context sufficiently to require a revision of the way ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Technology and meaning in natural resource management : the story-making role of GIS in the CLAMS project Author: Duncan, Sally The working hypothesis for this study is that the introduction of GIS technology into the ancient procedures of map-making has changed the map-making context sufficiently to require a revision of the way we think about, learn from, and use maps, specifically in the public involvement process in natural resource management. The assumption that we jointly know what maps mean, and how to use them, has been carried unchallenged into the vastly changed arena of digital, information-dense, and highly technical map-making, courtesy of Geographic Information Systems (GIS). It has remained unchallenged even as the social context for environmental policy-making is undergoing historic upheaval. GIS fundamentally changes how information is viewed, literally, by many different groups, for its maps and databases contain varying levels of uncertainty, multiple embedded assumptions, potentially privileged knowledge, and considerable power as story-makers, along with unintended and unexplored social consequences. GIS maps/databases are used here as the central refractor of ideas about relationships between scientists and lay audiences; between the post-modern understanding of privilege and social change; and ultimately between technology and meaning, where changing expectations about the role of science in natural resource management resonate most profoundly. Key research questions are: (1) How can GIS maps contribute to mutual learning in the natural resource management arena?, and (2) Which consequences of GIS development could change approaches to natural resource management? The exploratory case study used to address these questions examines GIS maps from the Coastal Landscape Analysis and Modeling Study (CLAMS), a landscape-scale bioregional assessment in western Oregon that draws heavily on GIS technology to illustrate ecological and socioeconomic dynamics and interactions. Findings suggest that use of GIS through time may change the realm of designing and structuring decision problems, adjusting it from a largely science-driven exercise in natural resource management to a more collaborative story-making one. While epistemological differences between scientists and lay audiences remain, they can be offset through such collaboration, with concomitant shifts in power structures that could affect a range of conditions including rates of technology diffusion, and management of a broad transition in how natural resources are perceived and utilized. Title: Technology and meaning in natural resource management : the story-making role of GIS in the CLAMS project Author: Duncan, Sally The working hypothesis for this study is that the introduction of GIS technology into the ancient procedures of map-making has changed the map-making context sufficiently to require a revision of the way we think about, learn from, and use maps, specifically in the public involvement process in natural resource management. The assumption that we jointly know what maps mean, and how to use them, has been carried unchallenged into the vastly changed arena of digital, information-dense, and highly technical map-making, courtesy of Geographic Information Systems (GIS). It has remained unchallenged even as the social context for environmental policy-making is undergoing historic upheaval. GIS fundamentally changes how information is viewed, literally, by many different groups, for its maps and databases contain varying levels of uncertainty, multiple embedded assumptions, potentially privileged knowledge, and considerable power as story-makers, along with unintended and unexplored social consequences. GIS maps/databases are used here as the central refractor of ideas about relationships between scientists and lay audiences; between the post-modern understanding of privilege and social change; and ultimately between technology and meaning, where changing expectations about the role of science in natural resource management resonate most profoundly. Key research questions are: (1) How can GIS maps contribute to mutual learning in the natural resource management arena?, and (2) Which consequences of GIS development could change approaches to natural resource management? The exploratory case study used to address these questions examines GIS maps from the Coastal Landscape Analysis and Modeling Study (CLAMS), a landscape-scale bioregional assessment in western Oregon that draws heavily on GIS technology to illustrate ecological and socioeconomic dynamics and interactions. Findings suggest that use of GIS through time may change the realm of designing and structuring decision problems, adjusting it from a largely science-driven exercise in natural resource management to a more collaborative story-making one. While epistemological differences between scientists and lay audiences remain, they can be offset through such collaboration, with concomitant shifts in power structures that could affect a range of conditions including rates of technology diffusion, and management of a broad transition in how natural resources are perceived and utilized. Close

• 10. [Article] Combining the Recreation Opportunity Spectrum (ROS) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to assess current and future recreation conditions in Oregon's coast range

  Conflict over the best way to manage Oregon's public lands makes a land planner's job extremely challenging. Multiple uses, federal mandates, and constantly evolving knowledge all contribute to the difficulty ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Combining the Recreation Opportunity Spectrum (ROS) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to assess current and future recreation conditions in Oregon's coast range Author: Rogan, Lael M. (Lael Michaela), 1970- Conflict over the best way to manage Oregon's public lands makes a land planner's job extremely challenging. Multiple uses, federal mandates, and constantly evolving knowledge all contribute to the difficulty of determining how to best use the land. The Coastal Landscape Analysis and Modeling Study (CLAMS) was developed in 1994 to help policy makers better evaluate potential land management plans and to examine the effects and interactions of ecological, economic, and social models on a regional scale. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are used in CLAMS to simulate and demonstrate the spatial effects of alternative policies. The dynamic nature of land use and planning lends itself well to GIS, a powerful computer-based tool that can expediently illustrate different management scenarios. One component of CLAMS focuses on social aspects, including recreational use of forestlands. In 1997, a prototype model for assessing the amount of recreation habitat was developed in the Coos Bay (Oregon) Bureau of Land Management (BLM) District. The study served as an inventory for recreation planners to identify the existing recreation opportunities. Geographic Information Systems and the Recreation Opportunity Spectrum (ROS) were combined in order to determine acreage of different recreation habitat types, or ROS classes. My project incorporates many features of the Coos Bay study (combining GIS and ROS) but extends the geographic boundaries to include most of the Oregon coast range. It also extends the analysis by integrating the recreation model with a landscape change model7 to show how recreation opportunities would change over a 100 year simulation of landscape conditions. It will provide land planners and recreationists with information about the scope of recreational experiences that they can expect to find in this geographic area. Results illustrate that the greatest proportion of land falls into the recreation category with the most developed or modified landscapes, and th.e smallest quantity of land is at the primitive end of the spectrum. This holds true for current and future conditions. These results are not surprising, given the large degree of human modification in the CLAMS study area. Collecting and generating spatial data offer immediate and long-term benefits. They not only provide an inventory to land managers, but also help fulfill CLAMS goals by examining the effects of land change over time. Title: Combining the Recreation Opportunity Spectrum (ROS) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to assess current and future recreation conditions in Oregon's coast range Author: Rogan, Lael M. (Lael Michaela), 1970- Conflict over the best way to manage Oregon's public lands makes a land planner's job extremely challenging. Multiple uses, federal mandates, and constantly evolving knowledge all contribute to the difficulty of determining how to best use the land. The Coastal Landscape Analysis and Modeling Study (CLAMS) was developed in 1994 to help policy makers better evaluate potential land management plans and to examine the effects and interactions of ecological, economic, and social models on a regional scale. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are used in CLAMS to simulate and demonstrate the spatial effects of alternative policies. The dynamic nature of land use and planning lends itself well to GIS, a powerful computer-based tool that can expediently illustrate different management scenarios. One component of CLAMS focuses on social aspects, including recreational use of forestlands. In 1997, a prototype model for assessing the amount of recreation habitat was developed in the Coos Bay (Oregon) Bureau of Land Management (BLM) District. The study served as an inventory for recreation planners to identify the existing recreation opportunities. Geographic Information Systems and the Recreation Opportunity Spectrum (ROS) were combined in order to determine acreage of different recreation habitat types, or ROS classes. My project incorporates many features of the Coos Bay study (combining GIS and ROS) but extends the geographic boundaries to include most of the Oregon coast range. It also extends the analysis by integrating the recreation model with a landscape change model7 to show how recreation opportunities would change over a 100 year simulation of landscape conditions. It will provide land planners and recreationists with information about the scope of recreational experiences that they can expect to find in this geographic area. Results illustrate that the greatest proportion of land falls into the recreation category with the most developed or modified landscapes, and th.e smallest quantity of land is at the primitive end of the spectrum. This holds true for current and future conditions. These results are not surprising, given the large degree of human modification in the CLAMS study area. Collecting and generating spatial data offer immediate and long-term benefits. They not only provide an inventory to land managers, but also help fulfill CLAMS goals by examining the effects of land change over time. Close

• 11. [Article] Demography and the Evolution of Logistic Organization on the Northern Northwest Coast Between 11,000 and 5,000 cal BP

  Focusing on the relationship between demography and sedentary behavior, this thesis explores changes to mobility strategies on the Northern Northwest Coast of North America between 11,000 and 5,000 cal ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Demography and the Evolution of Logistic Organization on the Northern Northwest Coast Between 11,000 and 5,000 cal BP Author: Brown, Thomas Jay Year: 2016 Focusing on the relationship between demography and sedentary behavior, this thesis explores changes to mobility strategies on the Northern Northwest Coast of North America between 11,000 and 5,000 cal BP. Drawing on a regional database of radiocarbon dates, it uses summed probability distributions (SPDs) of calibrated dates as a proxy for population change, in combination with syntheses of previously published technological, paleo environmental and settlement pattern data to test three hypotheses derived from the literature about the development of logistic mobility among maritime hunter-gatherers on the Northern Coast. In all, each of the hypotheses proposes that early peoples on the coast were foragers that utilized high levels of residential mobility, who later adopted collector (logistic) strategies. Two of the hypotheses emphasize the role of population growth and/or packing and resource distribution in this transformation, while the third emphasizes population replacement. Other issues addressed within this thesis are whether or not the forager-collector continuum, as it is used for terrestrial hunter-gatherers, can be applied to those in aquatic settings. Also explored, is the question of whether the available data is sufficient for making and/or testing claims about early mobility patterns in the region. The results of the demographic models suggest that while population levels were volatile, volatility declined through time and that there is no significant trend in either growth or decline of overall population levels throughout the region. This thesis also confirmed that significant changes to mobility, as evidenced by the emergence of semi-sedentary to sedentary living, begin to appear by ~7,000 cal BP. However, there appears to be little, if any correlation between the advent of more sedentary and logistic behavior and any of the variables tested here. Thus this author suggests, in agreement with Ames (1985; 2004) and Binford (2001) that the distribution of resources and labor organization needs within aquatic environments are sufficient without any other drivers for the development and intensification of logistic mobility. The principle analytic contribution of this research comes from the demographic modeling that relied on the construction of summed probability distributions. Though these methods have become commonplace in other settings (namely Europe), this thesis presents the first application of these methods within the time period and region covered. Moreover, this research is one of the only of its kind to address demographic histories within coastal landscapes that utilizes both marine and terrestrial 14C samples. In order to explore possible biases within the database, comparisons of marine and terrestrial SPDs were made between sub-sections of the region (i.e. Haida Gwaii, Southeast Alaska and the Dundas Islands). Though patterning between each of these areas was consistent, these comparative methods revealed an unexpected finding; a massive population crash throughout the region that began between ~9,000-8,800 cal BP and lasted till around 8,400 cal BP. Importantly, this crash was witnessed within all of the individual sub-areas and within SPDs made from both the marine and terrestrial 14C samples, though the reasons behind this collapse and verification of its existence require future research. However, finding this collapse at all further highlighted the need for use of correctly calibrated 14C dates, as the gap in 14C dates effectively disappears when using uncalibrated dates, which has been a longstanding tradition within Northwest archaeology. Title: Demography and the Evolution of Logistic Organization on the Northern Northwest Coast Between 11,000 and 5,000 cal BP Author: Brown, Thomas Jay Year: 2016 Focusing on the relationship between demography and sedentary behavior, this thesis explores changes to mobility strategies on the Northern Northwest Coast of North America between 11,000 and 5,000 cal BP. Drawing on a regional database of radiocarbon dates, it uses summed probability distributions (SPDs) of calibrated dates as a proxy for population change, in combination with syntheses of previously published technological, paleo environmental and settlement pattern data to test three hypotheses derived from the literature about the development of logistic mobility among maritime hunter-gatherers on the Northern Coast. In all, each of the hypotheses proposes that early peoples on the coast were foragers that utilized high levels of residential mobility, who later adopted collector (logistic) strategies. Two of the hypotheses emphasize the role of population growth and/or packing and resource distribution in this transformation, while the third emphasizes population replacement. Other issues addressed within this thesis are whether or not the forager-collector continuum, as it is used for terrestrial hunter-gatherers, can be applied to those in aquatic settings. Also explored, is the question of whether the available data is sufficient for making and/or testing claims about early mobility patterns in the region. The results of the demographic models suggest that while population levels were volatile, volatility declined through time and that there is no significant trend in either growth or decline of overall population levels throughout the region. This thesis also confirmed that significant changes to mobility, as evidenced by the emergence of semi-sedentary to sedentary living, begin to appear by ~7,000 cal BP. However, there appears to be little, if any correlation between the advent of more sedentary and logistic behavior and any of the variables tested here. Thus this author suggests, in agreement with Ames (1985; 2004) and Binford (2001) that the distribution of resources and labor organization needs within aquatic environments are sufficient without any other drivers for the development and intensification of logistic mobility. The principle analytic contribution of this research comes from the demographic modeling that relied on the construction of summed probability distributions. Though these methods have become commonplace in other settings (namely Europe), this thesis presents the first application of these methods within the time period and region covered. Moreover, this research is one of the only of its kind to address demographic histories within coastal landscapes that utilizes both marine and terrestrial 14C samples. In order to explore possible biases within the database, comparisons of marine and terrestrial SPDs were made between sub-sections of the region (i.e. Haida Gwaii, Southeast Alaska and the Dundas Islands). Though patterning between each of these areas was consistent, these comparative methods revealed an unexpected finding; a massive population crash throughout the region that began between ~9,000-8,800 cal BP and lasted till around 8,400 cal BP. Importantly, this crash was witnessed within all of the individual sub-areas and within SPDs made from both the marine and terrestrial 14C samples, though the reasons behind this collapse and verification of its existence require future research. However, finding this collapse at all further highlighted the need for use of correctly calibrated 14C dates, as the gap in 14C dates effectively disappears when using uncalibrated dates, which has been a longstanding tradition within Northwest archaeology. Close

• 12. [Article] Historical disturbance regimes as a reference for forest policy

  Using the historical range of forest conditions as a reference for managing landscapes has been proposed as a "coarse-filter" approach to biodiversity conservation. By emulating historical disturbance ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Historical disturbance regimes as a reference for forest policy Author: Thompson, Jonathan R. Using the historical range of forest conditions as a reference for managing landscapes has been proposed as a "coarse-filter" approach to biodiversity conservation. By emulating historical disturbance processes, it is thought that forest management can produce forest composition and structure similar to the conditions that once supported the native biota. Although several examples of disturbance-based management exist, only recently has this concept been incorporated into policy. This thesis explored hypotheses related to disturbance-based forest policy through a literature review, policy analyses, and simulation experiments. The primary objective of chapter 2 was to examine several examples disturbance-based forest management and evaluate their potential to transition into policy within North America. The review highlighted two Canadian provinces British Columbia and Ontario--that have codified disturbance-based management but used distinct methodologies. Nearly all of the forests in these provinces are government owned, which assisted policy development. In addition, both policy-structures focused on emulating stand-replacing fires that are characteristic in boreal forests; this minimized the costs and the degree of departure from conventional forest management. In much of the U.S., land tenure is complex and disturbance regimes vary widely; this presents difficult challenges for disturbance-based policy development. In the third chapter, disturbance-based policies were developed that attempted to address these challenges. Using datasets from the Coastal Landscape Analysis and Modeling Study (CLAMS) and the Landscape Management and Policy Simulation model (LAMPS), the economic costs and ecological benefits of several policy structures were explored. The policies included two variants of the current policy structure and three policies reflecting various aspects of the natural disturbance regime. The study area was the 3-million hectare Oregon Coast Range. Four owner groups were recognized--forest industry, nonindustrial private, state, and federal. The management intentions of each group guided the application of policies. Disturbance-based policies were primarily addressed to clearcutting on private lands because it constituted the preponderance of harvesting in the region. Information on the Coast Range's historical fire regime was used as a reference to develop disturbance-based policies. Fire severity was emulated with green-tree retention standards; fire frequency was emulated with annual harvestable area restrictions; and fire extent was emulated with harvest-unit size regulations. LAMPS projected landscape conditions, forest dynamics, management activities (clearcutting, thinning), and harvest volumes over the next century. Simulated disturbance-based policies produced age-class distributions more similar to the historical range than those created by the current policy structure. The proportions of early seral and young forest were within the historical range within 100 yrs; within this timeframe, older forests moved closer to but were still below historical conditions. In contrast, patch size distributions were less similar to historical conditions. This was because, even after a ten-fold increase in the average harvest size, the clearcut size limit remained well below the average historical fire size. Also, this was due to the scale of the analysis, which treated multiple proximate harvest-units as individual disturbance events. Therefore, regions with a high density of clearcuts, which were ubiquitous in the current policy scenarios, more closely resembled the large historical fire size. In the near term, annual revenue produced by the disturbance-based policies was estimated to be 20 to 60 percent lower than the current policy. However, relative costs were reduced significantly through time. This reflected the degree of departure between the modem and historical disturbance regimes. This simulation experiment suggested that policies attempting to reproduce historical conditions in the Coast Range would require federal forests to provide large patches of old forest that were conmon in the historical landscape. Employing public lands for this purpose would dampen costs to private landowners who would continue harvesting and provide young and early seral forest structure, which were also historically abundant. In addition, this experiment illustrated the difficultly of meeting regional-scale conservation goals across multiple private landowners and suggested that distributing costs and benefits equitably across large landscapes could be a significant challenge. Title: Historical disturbance regimes as a reference for forest policy Author: Thompson, Jonathan R. Using the historical range of forest conditions as a reference for managing landscapes has been proposed as a "coarse-filter" approach to biodiversity conservation. By emulating historical disturbance processes, it is thought that forest management can produce forest composition and structure similar to the conditions that once supported the native biota. Although several examples of disturbance-based management exist, only recently has this concept been incorporated into policy. This thesis explored hypotheses related to disturbance-based forest policy through a literature review, policy analyses, and simulation experiments. The primary objective of chapter 2 was to examine several examples disturbance-based forest management and evaluate their potential to transition into policy within North America. The review highlighted two Canadian provinces British Columbia and Ontario--that have codified disturbance-based management but used distinct methodologies. Nearly all of the forests in these provinces are government owned, which assisted policy development. In addition, both policy-structures focused on emulating stand-replacing fires that are characteristic in boreal forests; this minimized the costs and the degree of departure from conventional forest management. In much of the U.S., land tenure is complex and disturbance regimes vary widely; this presents difficult challenges for disturbance-based policy development. In the third chapter, disturbance-based policies were developed that attempted to address these challenges. Using datasets from the Coastal Landscape Analysis and Modeling Study (CLAMS) and the Landscape Management and Policy Simulation model (LAMPS), the economic costs and ecological benefits of several policy structures were explored. The policies included two variants of the current policy structure and three policies reflecting various aspects of the natural disturbance regime. The study area was the 3-million hectare Oregon Coast Range. Four owner groups were recognized--forest industry, nonindustrial private, state, and federal. The management intentions of each group guided the application of policies. Disturbance-based policies were primarily addressed to clearcutting on private lands because it constituted the preponderance of harvesting in the region. Information on the Coast Range's historical fire regime was used as a reference to develop disturbance-based policies. Fire severity was emulated with green-tree retention standards; fire frequency was emulated with annual harvestable area restrictions; and fire extent was emulated with harvest-unit size regulations. LAMPS projected landscape conditions, forest dynamics, management activities (clearcutting, thinning), and harvest volumes over the next century. Simulated disturbance-based policies produced age-class distributions more similar to the historical range than those created by the current policy structure. The proportions of early seral and young forest were within the historical range within 100 yrs; within this timeframe, older forests moved closer to but were still below historical conditions. In contrast, patch size distributions were less similar to historical conditions. This was because, even after a ten-fold increase in the average harvest size, the clearcut size limit remained well below the average historical fire size. Also, this was due to the scale of the analysis, which treated multiple proximate harvest-units as individual disturbance events. Therefore, regions with a high density of clearcuts, which were ubiquitous in the current policy scenarios, more closely resembled the large historical fire size. In the near term, annual revenue produced by the disturbance-based policies was estimated to be 20 to 60 percent lower than the current policy. However, relative costs were reduced significantly through time. This reflected the degree of departure between the modem and historical disturbance regimes. This simulation experiment suggested that policies attempting to reproduce historical conditions in the Coast Range would require federal forests to provide large patches of old forest that were conmon in the historical landscape. Employing public lands for this purpose would dampen costs to private landowners who would continue harvesting and provide young and early seral forest structure, which were also historically abundant. In addition, this experiment illustrated the difficultly of meeting regional-scale conservation goals across multiple private landowners and suggested that distributing costs and benefits equitably across large landscapes could be a significant challenge. Close

• 13. [Image] Recovery of wild salmonids in western Oregon forests : Oregon Forest Practices Act rules and the measures in the Oregon plan for salmon and watersheds

  	"September 8, 1999."
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Recovery of wild salmonids in western Oregon forests : Oregon Forest Practices Act rules and the measures in the Oregon plan for salmon and watersheds Author: Independent Multidisciplinary Science Team (Or.) Year: 1999, 2005 "September 8, 1999." Title: Recovery of wild salmonids in western Oregon forests : Oregon Forest Practices Act rules and the measures in the Oregon plan for salmon and watersheds Author: Independent Multidisciplinary Science Team (Or.) Year: 1999, 2005 "September 8, 1999." Close

• 14. [Article] Landscape-scale evaluation of genetic structure among barrier-isolated populations of coastal cutthroat trout, Oncorhynchus clarki clarki

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Landscape-scale evaluation of genetic structure among barrier-isolated populations of coastal cutthroat trout, Oncorhynchus clarki clarki Author: Guy, Troy J. Title: Landscape-scale evaluation of genetic structure among barrier-isolated populations of coastal cutthroat trout, Oncorhynchus clarki clarki Author: Guy, Troy J. Close

• 15. [Article] Exploring the Impacts of Climate and Management on Coastal Community Vulnerability through Alternative Future Scenarios

  Coastal communities throughout the U.S. Pacific Northwest face heightened risk due to sea level rise and increasing storminess resulting in coastal flooding and erosion hazards. Incorporating uncertainty ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Exploring the Impacts of Climate and Management on Coastal Community Vulnerability through Alternative Future Scenarios Author: Mills, Alexis K. Coastal communities throughout the U.S. Pacific Northwest face heightened risk due to sea level rise and increasing storminess resulting in coastal flooding and erosion hazards. Incorporating uncertainty with respect to both climate change and policy decisions is essential to project the evolving probability of coastal inundation and erosion, and the associated community vulnerability through time. Coupled models of coastal hazards, ecosystems, development, and socioeconomics allow decision-makers to explore the effects of policy decisions in conjunction with climate forcing, land use change, and economic disturbances and can provide a means of examining the feedbacks between climate change and adaptation under uncertain climatologic and socioeconomic futures. Envision, a spatially explicit multi‐agent modelling platform that provides a scenario-based, policy centric framework for examining interactions between human and natural systems across a landscape, is used within the two papers herebelow to explore strategies that may reduce vulnerability to coastal hazards within the context of uncertainty and climate change. Probabilistic simulations of total water levels allow for representation of variability of sea level rise, wave climate, and the El Niño Southern Oscillation both as individual climate drivers and under a range of climate change scenarios through the end of the century. Additionally, stakeholder generated policy scenarios capture variability in human response. The approaches described here provide a foundation through which to explore alternative management scenarios related to coastal hazards and can be transferred to other coastal systems to further assess how hazards may be affected by both climate change and management decisions.   Title: Exploring the Impacts of Climate and Management on Coastal Community Vulnerability through Alternative Future Scenarios Author: Mills, Alexis K. Coastal communities throughout the U.S. Pacific Northwest face heightened risk due to sea level rise and increasing storminess resulting in coastal flooding and erosion hazards. Incorporating uncertainty with respect to both climate change and policy decisions is essential to project the evolving probability of coastal inundation and erosion, and the associated community vulnerability through time. Coupled models of coastal hazards, ecosystems, development, and socioeconomics allow decision-makers to explore the effects of policy decisions in conjunction with climate forcing, land use change, and economic disturbances and can provide a means of examining the feedbacks between climate change and adaptation under uncertain climatologic and socioeconomic futures. Envision, a spatially explicit multi‐agent modelling platform that provides a scenario-based, policy centric framework for examining interactions between human and natural systems across a landscape, is used within the two papers herebelow to explore strategies that may reduce vulnerability to coastal hazards within the context of uncertainty and climate change. Probabilistic simulations of total water levels allow for representation of variability of sea level rise, wave climate, and the El Niño Southern Oscillation both as individual climate drivers and under a range of climate change scenarios through the end of the century. Additionally, stakeholder generated policy scenarios capture variability in human response. The approaches described here provide a foundation through which to explore alternative management scenarios related to coastal hazards and can be transferred to other coastal systems to further assess how hazards may be affected by both climate change and management decisions.   Close

• 16. [Image] OIMB slide 5659

  	coastal view
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: OIMB slide 5659 Author: unknown Year: 1960 coastal view Title: OIMB slide 5659 Author: unknown Year: 1960 coastal view Close

• 17. [Image] Coastal estuary on Oregon Dunes

  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Coastal estuary on Oregon Dunes Year: 1930 Title: Coastal estuary on Oregon Dunes Year: 1930 Close

• 18. [Image] Coastal View S near Horse Creek

  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Coastal View S near Horse Creek Year: 1996 Title: Coastal View S near Horse Creek Year: 1996 Close

• 19. [Image] OIMB slide 5656

  	coastal view with beach
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: OIMB slide 5656 Author: unknown Year: 1960 coastal view with beach Title: OIMB slide 5656 Author: unknown Year: 1960 coastal view with beach Close

• 20. [Image] OIMB slide 5658

  	coastal view with beach
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: OIMB slide 5658 Author: unknown Year: 1960 coastal view with beach Title: OIMB slide 5658 Author: unknown Year: 1960 coastal view with beach Close