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• 1. [Article] Streamflow restoration priority areas

  Abstract -- The Water Resources Department and the Department of Fish and Wildlife jointly identified priority areas for streamflow restoration in basins throughout the state. These priority areas represent ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Streamflow restoration priority areas Abstract -- The Water Resources Department and the Department of Fish and Wildlife jointly identified priority areas for streamflow restoration in basins throughout the state. These priority areas represent watersheds in which there is a combination of need and opportunity for flow restoration to support fish recovery efforts under the Oregon Plan for Salmon and Watersheds. WRD is focusing its efforts under the Oregon Plan on these priority areas. Title: Streamflow restoration priority areas Abstract -- The Water Resources Department and the Department of Fish and Wildlife jointly identified priority areas for streamflow restoration in basins throughout the state. These priority areas represent watersheds in which there is a combination of need and opportunity for flow restoration to support fish recovery efforts under the Oregon Plan for Salmon and Watersheds. WRD is focusing its efforts under the Oregon Plan on these priority areas. Close

• 2. [Article] Johnson Creek Watershed Action Plan: An Adaptive Approach

  Abstract -- The Johnson Creek Watershed Action Plan contains a Watershed Assessment section which includes information on landscape factors, built environment conditions, flow and hydrology, physical habitat, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Johnson Creek Watershed Action Plan: An Adaptive Approach Abstract -- The Johnson Creek Watershed Action Plan contains a Watershed Assessment section which includes information on landscape factors, built environment conditions, flow and hydrology, physical habitat, water quality, biological communities, problems and opportunities, key limiting factors, and high priority areas and actions. The report also includes information on priority reaches, goals and objectives, criteria development, proposed projects and actions, public involvement and education, and action plan implementation. Title: Johnson Creek Watershed Action Plan: An Adaptive Approach Abstract -- The Johnson Creek Watershed Action Plan contains a Watershed Assessment section which includes information on landscape factors, built environment conditions, flow and hydrology, physical habitat, water quality, biological communities, problems and opportunities, key limiting factors, and high priority areas and actions. The report also includes information on priority reaches, goals and objectives, criteria development, proposed projects and actions, public involvement and education, and action plan implementation. Close

• 3. [Article] The Effects of Villwok's Ford on Native and Exotic Fishes of Rickreall Creek

  Abstract -- Rickreall Creek is a 4th order tributary of the Willamette River in Polk County, Oregon (Mattson and Gallagher 2001). Previous fish sampling had indicated a high percentage of exotic fishes ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Effects of Villwok's Ford on Native and Exotic Fishes of Rickreall Creek Abstract -- Rickreall Creek is a 4th order tributary of the Willamette River in Polk County, Oregon (Mattson and Gallagher 2001). Previous fish sampling had indicated a high percentage of exotic fishes in the lower portion of the creek (Altman 1997) and in an upstream reservoir (Chastain et. al. 2002). However, within the mainstem, exotic fishes (with the exception of planted juvenile coho) are absent above Villwok's Ford, the lowermost barrier on the creek at about river km 12.7 (Chastain et. al. 2002). A 1995 CH2MHill survey noted the ford was a culvert and not passable while Mattson and Gallagher (2001) found water flowing over the ford and fish passage "appeared possible". Because the ford appears to violate Oregon statutes regarding fish passage at man-made barriers, but may paradoxically provide benefits by excluding exotic fishes, we initiated a study of the ford and of a variety of fishes to determine the seasons and conditions during which the ford was a barrier to fish passage. Title: The Effects of Villwok's Ford on Native and Exotic Fishes of Rickreall Creek Abstract -- Rickreall Creek is a 4th order tributary of the Willamette River in Polk County, Oregon (Mattson and Gallagher 2001). Previous fish sampling had indicated a high percentage of exotic fishes in the lower portion of the creek (Altman 1997) and in an upstream reservoir (Chastain et. al. 2002). However, within the mainstem, exotic fishes (with the exception of planted juvenile coho) are absent above Villwok's Ford, the lowermost barrier on the creek at about river km 12.7 (Chastain et. al. 2002). A 1995 CH2MHill survey noted the ford was a culvert and not passable while Mattson and Gallagher (2001) found water flowing over the ford and fish passage "appeared possible". Because the ford appears to violate Oregon statutes regarding fish passage at man-made barriers, but may paradoxically provide benefits by excluding exotic fishes, we initiated a study of the ford and of a variety of fishes to determine the seasons and conditions during which the ford was a barrier to fish passage. Close

• 4. [Article] Phillips Creek Watershed Assessment

  Abstract -- Watershed Assessments for the Grande Ronde River Subwatersheds are being prepared for the Grande Ronde Model Watershed Program. This Watershed Assessment addresses the Phillips Creek Watershed ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Phillips Creek Watershed Assessment Abstract -- Watershed Assessments for the Grande Ronde River Subwatersheds are being prepared for the Grande Ronde Model Watershed Program. This Watershed Assessment addresses the Phillips Creek Watershed located near Elgin, Oregon. Phillips Creek is a relatively small watershed (4th order HUC – Hydrologic Unit Classification) containing about 33 square miles or slightly over 24,000 acres. Phillips Creek empties into the Grande Ronde River in Elgin. It is an intermittent stream in some reaches, but water flows year around in other reaches. In this Assessment the main emphasis is on the nonfederal lands. The USDA Forest Service – Umatilla National Forest recently completed a watershed assessment on the National Forest area that includes Phillips, Cabin, Gordon and Dry Creeks. For more complete information on watershed condition on federal lands, please refer to the Umatilla National Forest’s Phillips-Gordon Ecosystem Analysis (PGEA). This assessment will describe the Phillips Creek watershed and help to identify the stream processes and features that are working well, and those that are not. Information that is already available from state and federal agencies as well as from private sources (including people that live in the area) will be used. Several public meetings were held to obtain information and insights from people that live in the area. The assessment will identify human’s positive and negative influences to the immediate stream environment. The assessment should provide enough information to develop project plans and monitoring plans that will help to protect and improve water quality and fish habitat in Phillips Creek and its tributaries. This assessment includes a description of Phillips Creek Watershed, historical conditions assessment, channel habitat type classification, hydrology and water use, riparian assessment, wetlands assessment, sediment sources assessment, channel modification assessment, water quality assessment, water rights assessment, fish and fish habitat assessment, upland conditions assessment – Forest, upland conditions assessment – Range, developed area assessment, noxious weeds assessment, and a watershed condition evaluation. Title: Phillips Creek Watershed Assessment Abstract -- Watershed Assessments for the Grande Ronde River Subwatersheds are being prepared for the Grande Ronde Model Watershed Program. This Watershed Assessment addresses the Phillips Creek Watershed located near Elgin, Oregon. Phillips Creek is a relatively small watershed (4th order HUC – Hydrologic Unit Classification) containing about 33 square miles or slightly over 24,000 acres. Phillips Creek empties into the Grande Ronde River in Elgin. It is an intermittent stream in some reaches, but water flows year around in other reaches. In this Assessment the main emphasis is on the nonfederal lands. The USDA Forest Service – Umatilla National Forest recently completed a watershed assessment on the National Forest area that includes Phillips, Cabin, Gordon and Dry Creeks. For more complete information on watershed condition on federal lands, please refer to the Umatilla National Forest’s Phillips-Gordon Ecosystem Analysis (PGEA). This assessment will describe the Phillips Creek watershed and help to identify the stream processes and features that are working well, and those that are not. Information that is already available from state and federal agencies as well as from private sources (including people that live in the area) will be used. Several public meetings were held to obtain information and insights from people that live in the area. The assessment will identify human’s positive and negative influences to the immediate stream environment. The assessment should provide enough information to develop project plans and monitoring plans that will help to protect and improve water quality and fish habitat in Phillips Creek and its tributaries. This assessment includes a description of Phillips Creek Watershed, historical conditions assessment, channel habitat type classification, hydrology and water use, riparian assessment, wetlands assessment, sediment sources assessment, channel modification assessment, water quality assessment, water rights assessment, fish and fish habitat assessment, upland conditions assessment – Forest, upland conditions assessment – Range, developed area assessment, noxious weeds assessment, and a watershed condition evaluation. Close

• 5. [Article] White River Watershed Assessment

  Abstract -- This Assessment has been undertaken by the White River Watershed Council, in partnership with the Wasco County Soil and Water Conservation District. It is the intent of this Assessment to provide ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: White River Watershed Assessment Abstract -- This Assessment has been undertaken by the White River Watershed Council, in partnership with the Wasco County Soil and Water Conservation District. It is the intent of this Assessment to provide a reference point from which the stakeholders in the White River Watershed, those who live and work in the watershed, can continue to plan for the health of its lands and waters into the future. The assessment contains sections on: a watershed description, settlement and development, stream flow and water rights, irrigation and water management, runoff and erosion, water quality, channel types, riparian and wetlands conditions, aquatic habitat, upland habitat, and evaluation. Title: White River Watershed Assessment Abstract -- This Assessment has been undertaken by the White River Watershed Council, in partnership with the Wasco County Soil and Water Conservation District. It is the intent of this Assessment to provide a reference point from which the stakeholders in the White River Watershed, those who live and work in the watershed, can continue to plan for the health of its lands and waters into the future. The assessment contains sections on: a watershed description, settlement and development, stream flow and water rights, irrigation and water management, runoff and erosion, water quality, channel types, riparian and wetlands conditions, aquatic habitat, upland habitat, and evaluation. Close

• 6. [Article] Mosier Valley Groundwater Conservation Action Plan: Concept Paper

  Abstract -- This concept paper attempts to describe a groundwater conservation action plan to reverse the overdraft of groundwater in the Mosier Valley, allowing for sustainable use of the resource, and ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Mosier Valley Groundwater Conservation Action Plan: Concept Paper Abstract -- This concept paper attempts to describe a groundwater conservation action plan to reverse the overdraft of groundwater in the Mosier Valley, allowing for sustainable use of the resource, and conservation of all natural resource values in the Mosier Valley, including homeownership, agriculture, stream flows, and fish and wildlife habitat. Title: Mosier Valley Groundwater Conservation Action Plan: Concept Paper Abstract -- This concept paper attempts to describe a groundwater conservation action plan to reverse the overdraft of groundwater in the Mosier Valley, allowing for sustainable use of the resource, and conservation of all natural resource values in the Mosier Valley, including homeownership, agriculture, stream flows, and fish and wildlife habitat. Close

• 7. [Article] Calapooia River Watershed Assessment

  Abstract -- The Calapooia River Watershed Assessment characterizes past and current watershed conditions and evaluates opportunities for improvements in the watershed, particularly for fish habitat and ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Calapooia River Watershed Assessment Abstract -- The Calapooia River Watershed Assessment characterizes past and current watershed conditions and evaluates opportunities for improvements in the watershed, particularly for fish habitat and water quality. The assessment will aid the Calapooia Watershed Council (Council) in identifying opportunities and priorities across all land uses for voluntary watershed restoration projects and education. The assessment includes information on historical conditions, social, economic, and land use conditions, vegetation, wetlands, stream flow and water use, fish population and aquatic habitat, water quality, key wildlife habitats and populations, and recommendations for Restoration and Protection. Title: Calapooia River Watershed Assessment Abstract -- The Calapooia River Watershed Assessment characterizes past and current watershed conditions and evaluates opportunities for improvements in the watershed, particularly for fish habitat and water quality. The assessment will aid the Calapooia Watershed Council (Council) in identifying opportunities and priorities across all land uses for voluntary watershed restoration projects and education. The assessment includes information on historical conditions, social, economic, and land use conditions, vegetation, wetlands, stream flow and water use, fish population and aquatic habitat, water quality, key wildlife habitats and populations, and recommendations for Restoration and Protection. Close

• 8. [Article] Squaw Creek Monitoring Project #97-211

  Abstract -- The project included watershed education of 400 students; water quality monitoring of water flow, temperature, dissolved oxygen, bacteria, and macro-invertebrates; riparian surveys; fish surveys; ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Squaw Creek Monitoring Project #97-211 Abstract -- The project included watershed education of 400 students; water quality monitoring of water flow, temperature, dissolved oxygen, bacteria, and macro-invertebrates; riparian surveys; fish surveys; and thermal infrared monitoring and color videography in the Squaw Creek sub-basin from 1997 through 2000. Reports on Squaw Creek watershed research, performed by USFS and ODFW during the same time period, are appended. Title: Squaw Creek Monitoring Project #97-211 Abstract -- The project included watershed education of 400 students; water quality monitoring of water flow, temperature, dissolved oxygen, bacteria, and macro-invertebrates; riparian surveys; fish surveys; and thermal infrared monitoring and color videography in the Squaw Creek sub-basin from 1997 through 2000. Reports on Squaw Creek watershed research, performed by USFS and ODFW during the same time period, are appended. Close

• 9. [Article] Thermal Transition in Small Streams Under Low Flow Conditions

  Abstract -- This analysis uses a simple steady-state model to estimate the time required for a column of water, representative of a typical stream, to change temperature when moved from one environment ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Thermal Transition in Small Streams Under Low Flow Conditions Abstract -- This analysis uses a simple steady-state model to estimate the time required for a column of water, representative of a typical stream, to change temperature when moved from one environment to another. Title: Thermal Transition in Small Streams Under Low Flow Conditions Abstract -- This analysis uses a simple steady-state model to estimate the time required for a column of water, representative of a typical stream, to change temperature when moved from one environment to another. Close

• 10. [Article] Tillamook Watershed Water Quality Monitoring

  Abstract -- For one year, regular monitoring for bacteria, total suspended solids, nutrients, and temperature was undertaken in each of the five rivers that flow into Tillamook Bay. Intensive storm sampling ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Tillamook Watershed Water Quality Monitoring Abstract -- For one year, regular monitoring for bacteria, total suspended solids, nutrients, and temperature was undertaken in each of the five rivers that flow into Tillamook Bay. Intensive storm sampling was also undertaken during six rain storm events. This report documents results. Title: Tillamook Watershed Water Quality Monitoring Abstract -- For one year, regular monitoring for bacteria, total suspended solids, nutrients, and temperature was undertaken in each of the five rivers that flow into Tillamook Bay. Intensive storm sampling was also undertaken during six rain storm events. This report documents results. Close

• 11. [Article] Pudding River Watershed Assessment, 2006

  Abstract -- Northeast of Salem, five large streams flow west out of the Cascade Mountains to join the Pudding River as it meanders north across the broad Willamette Valley and to its confluence with the ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Pudding River Watershed Assessment, 2006 Abstract -- Northeast of Salem, five large streams flow west out of the Cascade Mountains to join the Pudding River as it meanders north across the broad Willamette Valley and to its confluence with the Molalla River near Canby. In this document, we characterize past and current watershed conditions and identify opportunities for improving conditions in this watershed. Chapter headings include: introduction and watershed overview, water quality, fish populations and aquatic habitat, water flow and use, riparian vegetation and wetlands, and riparian and stream restoration. The two appendices deal with Pudding River watershed history and BLM Conservation Strategy objectives. 221 pp. Numerous illustrative maps in PDF format accompany this report. Title: Pudding River Watershed Assessment, 2006 Abstract -- Northeast of Salem, five large streams flow west out of the Cascade Mountains to join the Pudding River as it meanders north across the broad Willamette Valley and to its confluence with the Molalla River near Canby. In this document, we characterize past and current watershed conditions and identify opportunities for improving conditions in this watershed. Chapter headings include: introduction and watershed overview, water quality, fish populations and aquatic habitat, water flow and use, riparian vegetation and wetlands, and riparian and stream restoration. The two appendices deal with Pudding River watershed history and BLM Conservation Strategy objectives. 221 pp. Numerous illustrative maps in PDF format accompany this report. Close

• 12. [Article] Willamette Basin Restoration Priorities: Watershed Summaries, 2005

  Abstract -- The Watershed Restoration Summaries were developed by local watershed councils and other stakeholders to help identify priorities for restoring fish and wildlife habitat and water quality throughout ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Willamette Basin Restoration Priorities: Watershed Summaries, 2005 Abstract -- The Watershed Restoration Summaries were developed by local watershed councils and other stakeholders to help identify priorities for restoring fish and wildlife habitat and water quality throughout the Willamette Basin. These summaries outline aquatic and terrestrial restoration priorities and geographic focus areas within three major themes: 1) Restoration of habitat connectivity (e.g., fish passage and wildlife corridors); 2) Restoration of key watershed processes and functions (e.g., large wood delivery, water flows, sediment transport, and disturbance regimes); and 3) Restoration of aquatic, riparian, wetland, and upland habitats, including addressing habitats for ESA-listed species and areas that impact water quality. Watersheds included: Scappoose Bay, Columbia Slough, Lower Willamette, Johnson, Tryon, Fanno Creeks, Clackamas, Tualatin, Yamhill & Chehalem, Molalla, Pudding, Glenn-Gibson, Greater Salem-Keizer Area, Rickreall, Santiam, Luckiamute, Calapooia, Mary's, Long Tom, McKenzie, Coast Fork Willamette, Middle Fork Willamette, Middle & Upper Willamette. Title: Willamette Basin Restoration Priorities: Watershed Summaries, 2005 Abstract -- The Watershed Restoration Summaries were developed by local watershed councils and other stakeholders to help identify priorities for restoring fish and wildlife habitat and water quality throughout the Willamette Basin. These summaries outline aquatic and terrestrial restoration priorities and geographic focus areas within three major themes: 1) Restoration of habitat connectivity (e.g., fish passage and wildlife corridors); 2) Restoration of key watershed processes and functions (e.g., large wood delivery, water flows, sediment transport, and disturbance regimes); and 3) Restoration of aquatic, riparian, wetland, and upland habitats, including addressing habitats for ESA-listed species and areas that impact water quality. Watersheds included: Scappoose Bay, Columbia Slough, Lower Willamette, Johnson, Tryon, Fanno Creeks, Clackamas, Tualatin, Yamhill & Chehalem, Molalla, Pudding, Glenn-Gibson, Greater Salem-Keizer Area, Rickreall, Santiam, Luckiamute, Calapooia, Mary's, Long Tom, McKenzie, Coast Fork Willamette, Middle Fork Willamette, Middle & Upper Willamette. Close

• 13. [Article] Steelhead Habitat Surveys in Mill Creek Monitoring Project Completion Report (OWEB #205-125)

  Abstract -- This project added to the existing information about steelhead in Mill Creek in the following ways: • Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife completed an instream habitat inventory from the ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Steelhead Habitat Surveys in Mill Creek Monitoring Project Completion Report (OWEB #205-125) Abstract -- This project added to the existing information about steelhead in Mill Creek in the following ways: • Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife completed an instream habitat inventory from the mouth to the forks, up the South Fork to Mill Creek Falls, where anadromy ends, and up the North Fork for the first 7,370 meters. • Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife conducted steelhead redd surveys in the mainstem and South Fork in 2005 and 2006, while the US Forest Service conducted redd surveys in the federally-owned upper reaches of the North Fork. • Wasco County Soil and Water Conservation District installed depth and temperature monitors on the mainstem and North Fork, while relying on the City of The Dalles to monitor flows in the South Fork. Title: Steelhead Habitat Surveys in Mill Creek Monitoring Project Completion Report (OWEB #205-125) Abstract -- This project added to the existing information about steelhead in Mill Creek in the following ways: • Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife completed an instream habitat inventory from the mouth to the forks, up the South Fork to Mill Creek Falls, where anadromy ends, and up the North Fork for the first 7,370 meters. • Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife conducted steelhead redd surveys in the mainstem and South Fork in 2005 and 2006, while the US Forest Service conducted redd surveys in the federally-owned upper reaches of the North Fork. • Wasco County Soil and Water Conservation District installed depth and temperature monitors on the mainstem and North Fork, while relying on the City of The Dalles to monitor flows in the South Fork. Close

• 14. [Article] Indian Creek Aquatic Restoration (OWEB #205-144)

  Abstract -- Like many streams in this area, these creeks have experienced considerable habitat degradation due to past land management practices that removed large wood from the channels. Without the large ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Indian Creek Aquatic Restoration (OWEB #205-144) Abstract -- Like many streams in this area, these creeks have experienced considerable habitat degradation due to past land management practices that removed large wood from the channels. Without the large wood, spawning gravels have washed away leaving a mostly bedrock substrate. The down-cut stream is no longer connected to its former floodplain and fish have little refuge during high flows. Additionally, aquatic insect life, the basic food source for young salmonids, is limited without the diverse habitats formed by complexes of wood and gravel. Goals associated with this restoration proposal include: • Address limitation to anadromous fish production in Indian Creek tributaries o Enhance spawning, rearing, and overwintering habitat for anadromous and resident fish species o Restore storage capacity (water, substrates, and detritus) of the selected streams to levels more closely expected with unaltered systems in the Coast Range. • Establish a connection between past small scale restoration efforts • Maintain a network of organizations, stakeholders, and individuals who will participate in watershed restoration efforts. Widened channel floodplain from newly derived gravel, side channel formation / channel alteration (with more sinuosity), and additional scour pools were observed throughout the structure sites we monitored since the project implementation from high water events. Especially, the amount of gravel that was delivered to the project reaches and the degree to which they were sorted in large concentration directly adjacent to the helicopter structures was far more prominent than what we have observed in previous years from other helicopter projects. Title: Indian Creek Aquatic Restoration (OWEB #205-144) Abstract -- Like many streams in this area, these creeks have experienced considerable habitat degradation due to past land management practices that removed large wood from the channels. Without the large wood, spawning gravels have washed away leaving a mostly bedrock substrate. The down-cut stream is no longer connected to its former floodplain and fish have little refuge during high flows. Additionally, aquatic insect life, the basic food source for young salmonids, is limited without the diverse habitats formed by complexes of wood and gravel. Goals associated with this restoration proposal include: • Address limitation to anadromous fish production in Indian Creek tributaries o Enhance spawning, rearing, and overwintering habitat for anadromous and resident fish species o Restore storage capacity (water, substrates, and detritus) of the selected streams to levels more closely expected with unaltered systems in the Coast Range. • Establish a connection between past small scale restoration efforts • Maintain a network of organizations, stakeholders, and individuals who will participate in watershed restoration efforts. Widened channel floodplain from newly derived gravel, side channel formation / channel alteration (with more sinuosity), and additional scour pools were observed throughout the structure sites we monitored since the project implementation from high water events. Especially, the amount of gravel that was delivered to the project reaches and the degree to which they were sorted in large concentration directly adjacent to the helicopter structures was far more prominent than what we have observed in previous years from other helicopter projects. Close

• 15. [Article] Effectiveness Monitoring for LWD Placement in South Slough Tidal Wetlands (OWEB #205-111)

  Abstract -- Effectiveness monitoring of LWD placed in South Slough’s upper estuary wasdesigned to accomplish the following: - Determine presence/absence and behavior of juvenile salmonids (i.e., cohoand ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Effectiveness Monitoring for LWD Placement in South Slough Tidal Wetlands (OWEB #205-111) Abstract -- Effectiveness monitoring of LWD placed in South Slough’s upper estuary wasdesigned to accomplish the following: - Determine presence/absence and behavior of juvenile salmonids (i.e., cohoand cutthroat trout) in and around LWD using underwater videographyand acoustic tagging methods (a late addition to the project); - Monitor abundance and species composition of juvenile salmonids in tidal creeks with (and without) LWD using fyke nets; - Monitor fish use of other subtidal habitats with beach seines; - Track changes in invertebrate abundance and composition; - Detect wood movement with sub-meter GPS tracking; - Record changes in channel profile around LWD with detailed elevationsurveys; and, - Track water temperature and flow in locations near and away from LWD. Large woody debris was placed in 29 locations in South Slough’s upper estuary. The effectiveness monitoring project focused on 12 sites, six pairs based on configuration and location Title: Effectiveness Monitoring for LWD Placement in South Slough Tidal Wetlands (OWEB #205-111) Abstract -- Effectiveness monitoring of LWD placed in South Slough’s upper estuary wasdesigned to accomplish the following: - Determine presence/absence and behavior of juvenile salmonids (i.e., cohoand cutthroat trout) in and around LWD using underwater videographyand acoustic tagging methods (a late addition to the project); - Monitor abundance and species composition of juvenile salmonids in tidal creeks with (and without) LWD using fyke nets; - Monitor fish use of other subtidal habitats with beach seines; - Track changes in invertebrate abundance and composition; - Detect wood movement with sub-meter GPS tracking; - Record changes in channel profile around LWD with detailed elevationsurveys; and, - Track water temperature and flow in locations near and away from LWD. Large woody debris was placed in 29 locations in South Slough’s upper estuary. The effectiveness monitoring project focused on 12 sites, six pairs based on configuration and location Close

• 16. [Article] South Santiam Watershed Assessment

  Abstract -- The South Santiam River drains approximately 1,040 square miles and is a primary tributary to the Willamette River. The South Santiam River watershed is situated in the Western Cascades and ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: South Santiam Watershed Assessment Abstract -- The South Santiam River drains approximately 1,040 square miles and is a primary tributary to the Willamette River. The South Santiam River watershed is situated in the Western Cascades and flows into the Willamette Valley. The River runs approximately from east to west, with steep mountainous terrain comprising the eastern 80% of the watershed. The western 20% of the watershed leading to the Santiam River and ultimately the Willamette River, is comprised of a floodplain dominated by grass seed farming and urban/rural development. The basin ranges in elevation from 220 feet to approximately 5,721 feet. The South Santiam watershed was divided into an upper section (Headwaters, Quartzville, Middle Santiam and Foster watersheds) and a lower section (Lower South Santiam, Crabtree, Thomas, and Wiley subwatersheds) due to ecological differences such as ecoregion, management, and elevation. The assessment was conducted in six parts including Channel Habitat Typing, Channel Modification, Riparian, Water Use and Hydrology, Fisheries, and Water Quality. Following is a summary of results from each of the sections. Title: South Santiam Watershed Assessment Abstract -- The South Santiam River drains approximately 1,040 square miles and is a primary tributary to the Willamette River. The South Santiam River watershed is situated in the Western Cascades and flows into the Willamette Valley. The River runs approximately from east to west, with steep mountainous terrain comprising the eastern 80% of the watershed. The western 20% of the watershed leading to the Santiam River and ultimately the Willamette River, is comprised of a floodplain dominated by grass seed farming and urban/rural development. The basin ranges in elevation from 220 feet to approximately 5,721 feet. The South Santiam watershed was divided into an upper section (Headwaters, Quartzville, Middle Santiam and Foster watersheds) and a lower section (Lower South Santiam, Crabtree, Thomas, and Wiley subwatersheds) due to ecological differences such as ecoregion, management, and elevation. The assessment was conducted in six parts including Channel Habitat Typing, Channel Modification, Riparian, Water Use and Hydrology, Fisheries, and Water Quality. Following is a summary of results from each of the sections. Close

• 17. [Article] Little Walla Walla River Assessment and Initial Action Plan (2010)

  Abstract -- The Little Walla Walla River and Spring Branch system is an anomaly when compared to most river systems. This non-linear combination of distributaries and an alluvial fan of spring fed creeks ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Little Walla Walla River Assessment and Initial Action Plan (2010) Abstract -- The Little Walla Walla River and Spring Branch system is an anomaly when compared to most river systems. This non-linear combination of distributaries and an alluvial fan of spring fed creeks is treated by various state agencies and the local community as either a water conveyance network or natural stream, depending on the location being considered, or the time of year. This conundrum needs to be described and evaluated so that a coordinated approach can be developed and implemented to improve these unusual streams and the farms, fish, and wildlife that depend on them. This assessment consolidates information on the Little Walla Walla River and springs area with regards to historic and current flows, water use, land use, fish presence, habitat conditions, fish passage barriers, and water quality. This can then be utilized in developing a plan that aim to improve and preserve the environmental and economic health of this stream network, and to better define management and enhancement options. An Initial Action Plan of Goals and Actions is put forward as a discussion framework. Some of these actions are just conceptual, others are ongoing, but can be expanded to a greater scale. Title: Little Walla Walla River Assessment and Initial Action Plan (2010) Abstract -- The Little Walla Walla River and Spring Branch system is an anomaly when compared to most river systems. This non-linear combination of distributaries and an alluvial fan of spring fed creeks is treated by various state agencies and the local community as either a water conveyance network or natural stream, depending on the location being considered, or the time of year. This conundrum needs to be described and evaluated so that a coordinated approach can be developed and implemented to improve these unusual streams and the farms, fish, and wildlife that depend on them. This assessment consolidates information on the Little Walla Walla River and springs area with regards to historic and current flows, water use, land use, fish presence, habitat conditions, fish passage barriers, and water quality. This can then be utilized in developing a plan that aim to improve and preserve the environmental and economic health of this stream network, and to better define management and enhancement options. An Initial Action Plan of Goals and Actions is put forward as a discussion framework. Some of these actions are just conceptual, others are ongoing, but can be expanded to a greater scale. Close

• 18. [Image] A conservation strategy for the northern spotted owl

  	ill., maps; Shipping list no.: 90-263-P; "May 1990."; Includes bibliographical references
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: A conservation strategy for the northern spotted owl Author: Thomas, Jack Ward Year: 1990, 2010 ill., maps; Shipping list no.: 90-263-P; "May 1990."; Includes bibliographical references Title: A conservation strategy for the northern spotted owl Author: Thomas, Jack Ward Year: 1990, 2010 ill., maps; Shipping list no.: 90-263-P; "May 1990."; Includes bibliographical references Close

• 19. [Image] Crater Lake limnological studies: final report

  	ill., maps; July 1993."; "Cooperative Park Studies Unit, College of Forestry, Oregon State University."; Includes bibliographical references.; This title is a culmination of the first 10-years of the Crater ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Crater Lake limnological studies: final report Author: Gary L. Larson; McIntire, David C.; Jacobs, Ruth W; Year: 1993, 2009 ill., maps; July 1993."; "Cooperative Park Studies Unit, College of Forestry, Oregon State University."; Includes bibliographical references.; This title is a culmination of the first 10-years of the Crater Lake limnological studies and a long-term monitoring proposal to investigate new hypotheses. Title: Crater Lake limnological studies: final report Author: Gary L. Larson; McIntire, David C.; Jacobs, Ruth W; Year: 1993, 2009 ill., maps; July 1993."; "Cooperative Park Studies Unit, College of Forestry, Oregon State University."; Includes bibliographical references.; This title is a culmination of the first 10-years of the Crater Lake limnological studies and a long-term monitoring proposal to investigate new hypotheses. Close

• 20. [Image] Crater Lake National Park, Oregon: draft visitor services plan, environmental impact statement

  	"November 1997."; Includes bibliographical references (155-163) and index
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Crater Lake National Park, Oregon: draft visitor services plan, environmental impact statement Author: United States. National Park Service Year: 1997, 2008 "November 1997."; Includes bibliographical references (155-163) and index Title: Crater Lake National Park, Oregon: draft visitor services plan, environmental impact statement Author: United States. National Park Service Year: 1997, 2008 "November 1997."; Includes bibliographical references (155-163) and index Close

• 21. [Image] Geological limnology of Crater Lake, Oregon

  	ill.; Three folded plates in pocket; Thesis (M.S.)--University of Minnesota, 1961; Bibliography: leaves 168-175
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Geological limnology of Crater Lake, Oregon Author: Nelson, C. Hans (Carlton Hans), 1937- Year: 1961, 2008 ill.; Three folded plates in pocket; Thesis (M.S.)--University of Minnesota, 1961; Bibliography: leaves 168-175 Title: Geological limnology of Crater Lake, Oregon Author: Nelson, C. Hans (Carlton Hans), 1937- Year: 1961, 2008 ill.; Three folded plates in pocket; Thesis (M.S.)--University of Minnesota, 1961; Bibliography: leaves 168-175 Close

• 22. [Image] Rim Drive cultural landscape report: Crater Lake National Park, Oregon

  	ill., maps; Shipping list no.: 2010-0125-P; Includes bibliographical references (p. 235-237) and index
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Rim Drive cultural landscape report: Crater Lake National Park, Oregon Author: Mark, Stephen R. Year: 2009, 2010 ill., maps; Shipping list no.: 2010-0125-P; Includes bibliographical references (p. 235-237) and index Title: Rim Drive cultural landscape report: Crater Lake National Park, Oregon Author: Mark, Stephen R. Year: 2009, 2010 ill., maps; Shipping list no.: 2010-0125-P; Includes bibliographical references (p. 235-237) and index Close

• 23. [Image] Soil survey of Crater Lake National Park, Oregon

  	ill. (some col.), maps (some col.); 13 folded maps tipped in; Also available via Internet as of April 20, 2005; Includes data tables; Includes bibliographical references (p. 151-153) and glossary (p. 1...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Soil survey of Crater Lake National Park, Oregon Author: United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service, in cooperation with United States Department of the Interior, National Park Service Year: 2008 ill. (some col.), maps (some col.); 13 folded maps tipped in; Also available via Internet as of April 20, 2005; Includes data tables; Includes bibliographical references (p. 151-153) and glossary (p. 155-163) Title: Soil survey of Crater Lake National Park, Oregon Author: United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service, in cooperation with United States Department of the Interior, National Park Service Year: 2008 ill. (some col.), maps (some col.); 13 folded maps tipped in; Also available via Internet as of April 20, 2005; Includes data tables; Includes bibliographical references (p. 151-153) and glossary (p. 155-163) Close

• 24. [Image] The geology and petrography of Crater Lake National Park

  	maps; Geology by J.S. Diller. Petrography by H.B. Patton
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The geology and petrography of Crater Lake National Park Author: Diller, J. S. (Joseph Silas), b. 1850; Patton, Horace Bushnell, 1858-1929 Year: 1902, 2008 maps; Geology by J.S. Diller. Petrography by H.B. Patton Title: The geology and petrography of Crater Lake National Park Author: Diller, J. S. (Joseph Silas), b. 1850; Patton, Horace Bushnell, 1858-1929 Year: 1902, 2008 maps; Geology by J.S. Diller. Petrography by H.B. Patton Close

• 25. [Image] Vegetative ecology of a montane mire, Crater Lake National Park, Oregon

  	ill., maps (1 col.); Typescript (photocopy); Thesis (M.S.)--Oregon State University, 1980; Includes bibliographical references
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Vegetative ecology of a montane mire, Crater Lake National Park, Oregon Author: Seyer, Susan C. Year: 1979, 2009 ill., maps (1 col.); Typescript (photocopy); Thesis (M.S.)--Oregon State University, 1980; Includes bibliographical references Title: Vegetative ecology of a montane mire, Crater Lake National Park, Oregon Author: Seyer, Susan C. Year: 1979, 2009 ill., maps (1 col.); Typescript (photocopy); Thesis (M.S.)--Oregon State University, 1980; Includes bibliographical references Close

• 26. [Image] Annual project history: Klamath Project, Oregon-California 1954

  	Ill., maps (some color), photographs; Includes fiscal year financials, maps, photographs, agricultural economics and crop yield, some grazing financial information with cost of water usage, tables for ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Annual project history: Klamath Project, Oregon-California 1954 Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation Year: 1954, 2008, 2006 Ill., maps (some color), photographs; Includes fiscal year financials, maps, photographs, agricultural economics and crop yield, some grazing financial information with cost of water usage, tables for irrigation and drainage and water storage and distributions, list of steam gaging stations, weather conditions, list of evaporation stations, quality of irrigation water at pumping plants, etc.; Title covers: calendar years for 1954-1962; Description is based on: Annual project history: Klamath Project, Oregon-California 1954; Dates of the beginning year(s) of publication are derived from May 1, 1903 to December 31, 1912, History of the Klamath Project and from the volume information on later volumes (v. 35) Klamath District and Klamath Project annual history for 1945, dated December 1, 1946 Title: Annual project history: Klamath Project, Oregon-California 1954 Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation Year: 1954, 2008, 2006 Ill., maps (some color), photographs; Includes fiscal year financials, maps, photographs, agricultural economics and crop yield, some grazing financial information with cost of water usage, tables for irrigation and drainage and water storage and distributions, list of steam gaging stations, weather conditions, list of evaporation stations, quality of irrigation water at pumping plants, etc.; Title covers: calendar years for 1954-1962; Description is based on: Annual project history: Klamath Project, Oregon-California 1954; Dates of the beginning year(s) of publication are derived from May 1, 1903 to December 31, 1912, History of the Klamath Project and from the volume information on later volumes (v. 35) Klamath District and Klamath Project annual history for 1945, dated December 1, 1946 Close

• 27. [Image] Annual project history: Klamath Project, Oregon-California, 1955

  	Ill., maps (some color), photographs; Includes fiscal year financials, maps, photographs, agricultural economics and crop yield, some grazing financial information with cost of water usage, tables for ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Annual project history: Klamath Project, Oregon-California, 1955 Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation Year: 1955, 2008, 2007 Ill., maps (some color), photographs; Includes fiscal year financials, maps, photographs, agricultural economics and crop yield, some grazing financial information with cost of water usage, tables for irrigation and drainage and water storage and distributions, list of steam gaging stations, weather conditions, list of evaporation stations, quality of irrigation water at pumping plants, etc.; Title covers: calendar years for 1954-1962; Description is based on: Annual project history: Klamath Project, Oregon-California 1954; Dates of the beginning year(s) of publication are derived from May 1, 1903 to December 31, 1912, History of the Klamath Project and from the volume information on later volumes (v. 35) Klamath District and Klamath Project annual history for 1945, dated December 1, 1946 Title: Annual project history: Klamath Project, Oregon-California, 1955 Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation Year: 1955, 2008, 2007 Ill., maps (some color), photographs; Includes fiscal year financials, maps, photographs, agricultural economics and crop yield, some grazing financial information with cost of water usage, tables for irrigation and drainage and water storage and distributions, list of steam gaging stations, weather conditions, list of evaporation stations, quality of irrigation water at pumping plants, etc.; Title covers: calendar years for 1954-1962; Description is based on: Annual project history: Klamath Project, Oregon-California 1954; Dates of the beginning year(s) of publication are derived from May 1, 1903 to December 31, 1912, History of the Klamath Project and from the volume information on later volumes (v. 35) Klamath District and Klamath Project annual history for 1945, dated December 1, 1946 Close

• 28. [Image] Geothermal Exploration of the Puga and Chumathang Geothermal Fields, Ladakh, India

  	Puga and Chumathang Geothermal fields are situated near the collided junction of the Indian and Asian Crystal plates and thermal activity in these fields is attributed to the widespread igneous activity ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Geothermal Exploration of the Puga and Chumathang Geothermal Fields, Ladakh, India Author: Shanker, R. Puga and Chumathang Geothermal fields are situated near the collided junction of the Indian and Asian Crystal plates and thermal activity in these fields is attributed to the widespread igneous activity of Upper Cretaceous to late Tertiary age. A deep suture zone, recognised in between these two fields and the associated faults provide channels for the upward migration of the thermal fluids. High concentrations of Cl, F, Si02, B, Na, Li, Rb, Cs in thermal fluids signify contribution of magmatic bodies towards heat, and fluid supply. These fields are characterized by high heat flow conditions (13 HFU), abnormal shallow geothermal gradients (0.7 - 2.5 c/m) , high base temperature (220 - 270 C) as obtained by alkalia and Ne-K-Ca geothermometry and low resistivity values (2-20 ohm.m.). Low resistivity zones occupy on an area of three and one sq.km. and extend down to maximum depths of 300 m. and 130 m. at Puga and Chumathang respectively. Shallow drilling (28-130 m.) has established the existence of wet steam reservoirs under moderate pressure (2-4.5 kg/cm^2). Hot fluid (95-135 C) discharges from eight flowing wells ranged from 7.5 to 30 t/h. These thermal fluids are stored in the partly consolidated fluvioglacial deposits of Quarternary to Recent age. The occurrence of a limestone layer in the country rock at Puga brightens the prospects of getting good reservoir at depth. In both these fields two aquifers have been recognised, each having sizeable potential for retaining ground water. The ground water recharge is mainly through snow melt from glaciers in the case of Puga field and principally from Indus river in the case of Chumathangfield Title: Geothermal Exploration of the Puga and Chumathang Geothermal Fields, Ladakh, India Author: Shanker, R. Puga and Chumathang Geothermal fields are situated near the collided junction of the Indian and Asian Crystal plates and thermal activity in these fields is attributed to the widespread igneous activity of Upper Cretaceous to late Tertiary age. A deep suture zone, recognised in between these two fields and the associated faults provide channels for the upward migration of the thermal fluids. High concentrations of Cl, F, Si02, B, Na, Li, Rb, Cs in thermal fluids signify contribution of magmatic bodies towards heat, and fluid supply. These fields are characterized by high heat flow conditions (13 HFU), abnormal shallow geothermal gradients (0.7 - 2.5 c/m) , high base temperature (220 - 270 C) as obtained by alkalia and Ne-K-Ca geothermometry and low resistivity values (2-20 ohm.m.). Low resistivity zones occupy on an area of three and one sq.km. and extend down to maximum depths of 300 m. and 130 m. at Puga and Chumathang respectively. Shallow drilling (28-130 m.) has established the existence of wet steam reservoirs under moderate pressure (2-4.5 kg/cm^2). Hot fluid (95-135 C) discharges from eight flowing wells ranged from 7.5 to 30 t/h. These thermal fluids are stored in the partly consolidated fluvioglacial deposits of Quarternary to Recent age. The occurrence of a limestone layer in the country rock at Puga brightens the prospects of getting good reservoir at depth. In both these fields two aquifers have been recognised, each having sizeable potential for retaining ground water. The ground water recharge is mainly through snow melt from glaciers in the case of Puga field and principally from Indus river in the case of Chumathangfield Close

• 29. [Image] Drilling plan: Raft River Geothermal Exploratory Hole No. 3

  	The program, plans, and procedures to be used in drilling and completion of the Raft River Geothermal Exploratory Hole No. 3(RRGE-3) are described. RRGE-3 will be located in the Raft River valley of south ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Drilling plan: Raft River Geothermal Exploratory Hole No. 3 Author: Industrial Applications Division , Nevada Operations Office Year: 1976 The program, plans, and procedures to be used in drilling and completion of the Raft River Geothermal Exploratory Hole No. 3(RRGE-3) are described. RRGE-3 will be located in the Raft River valley of south central Idaho, southeast of Burley, and approximately 16 miles south of Malta, Idaho. The third exploratory hole will be drilled to provide data to further investigate and evaluate the geothermal reservoir, as well as to optimize the location of possible future resource and/or injection wells, and to develop methods to reduce the cost of geothermal wells. Plans call for drilling to a total depth of approximately 6,000 ft., or to the depth at which it is either indicated from temperature and test flow data and from logs that an acceptable hot water resource is available or that the hole is accepted as a possible reinjection well. (LBS) Title: Drilling plan: Raft River Geothermal Exploratory Hole No. 3 Author: Industrial Applications Division , Nevada Operations Office Year: 1976 The program, plans, and procedures to be used in drilling and completion of the Raft River Geothermal Exploratory Hole No. 3(RRGE-3) are described. RRGE-3 will be located in the Raft River valley of south central Idaho, southeast of Burley, and approximately 16 miles south of Malta, Idaho. The third exploratory hole will be drilled to provide data to further investigate and evaluate the geothermal reservoir, as well as to optimize the location of possible future resource and/or injection wells, and to develop methods to reduce the cost of geothermal wells. Plans call for drilling to a total depth of approximately 6,000 ft., or to the depth at which it is either indicated from temperature and test flow data and from logs that an acceptable hot water resource is available or that the hole is accepted as a possible reinjection well. (LBS) Close

• 30. [Image] Hot-Dry-Rock Geothermal-Energy Development Program. Annual Report, Fiscal Year 1981

  	During fiscal year 1981, activities of the Hot Dry Rock Geothermal Energy Development Program were concentrated in four principal areas: (1) data collection to permit improved estimates of the hot dry ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Hot-Dry-Rock Geothermal-Energy Development Program. Annual Report, Fiscal Year 1981 Author: Smith, M.C. (comp.) Year: 1981 During fiscal year 1981, activities of the Hot Dry Rock Geothermal Energy Development Program were concentrated in four principal areas: (1) data collection to permit improved estimates of the hot dry rock geothermal energy resource base of various regions of the United States and of the United States as a whole, combined with detailed investigations of several areas that appear particularly promising either for further energy extraction experiments or for future commercial development; (2) successful completion of a 9-month, continuous, closed-loop, recirculating flow test in the enlarged Phase I System at Fenton Hill, New Mexico - a pressurized-water heat-extraction loop developed in low-permeability granitic rock by hydraulic fracturing; (3) successful completion at a depth of 4084 m (13,933 ft) of well EE-3, the production well of a larger, deeper, and hotter, Phase II System at Fenton Hill. Well EE-3 was directionally drilled with control of both azimuth and inclination. Its inclined section is about 380 m (1250 ft) vertically above the injection well, EE-2, which was completed in FY80; and (4) supporting activities included new developments in downhole instrumentation and equipment, geochemical and geophysical studies, rock-mechanics and fluid-mechanics investigations, computer analyses and modeling, and overall system design. Under an International Energy Agency agreement, the New Energy Development Organization, representing the Government of Japan has joined Kernforschungsanlage-Juelich GmbH, representing the Federal Republic of Germany, and the US Department of Energy as an active participant in the Fenton Hill Hot Dry Rock Project Title: Hot-Dry-Rock Geothermal-Energy Development Program. Annual Report, Fiscal Year 1981 Author: Smith, M.C. (comp.) Year: 1981 During fiscal year 1981, activities of the Hot Dry Rock Geothermal Energy Development Program were concentrated in four principal areas: (1) data collection to permit improved estimates of the hot dry rock geothermal energy resource base of various regions of the United States and of the United States as a whole, combined with detailed investigations of several areas that appear particularly promising either for further energy extraction experiments or for future commercial development; (2) successful completion of a 9-month, continuous, closed-loop, recirculating flow test in the enlarged Phase I System at Fenton Hill, New Mexico - a pressurized-water heat-extraction loop developed in low-permeability granitic rock by hydraulic fracturing; (3) successful completion at a depth of 4084 m (13,933 ft) of well EE-3, the production well of a larger, deeper, and hotter, Phase II System at Fenton Hill. Well EE-3 was directionally drilled with control of both azimuth and inclination. Its inclined section is about 380 m (1250 ft) vertically above the injection well, EE-2, which was completed in FY80; and (4) supporting activities included new developments in downhole instrumentation and equipment, geochemical and geophysical studies, rock-mechanics and fluid-mechanics investigations, computer analyses and modeling, and overall system design. Under an International Energy Agency agreement, the New Energy Development Organization, representing the Government of Japan has joined Kernforschungsanlage-Juelich GmbH, representing the Federal Republic of Germany, and the US Department of Energy as an active participant in the Fenton Hill Hot Dry Rock Project Close

• 31. [Image] Geological and Geophysical Analysis of Coso Geothermal Exploration Hole No. 1 (CGEH-1), Coso Hot Springs KGRA, California

  	The Coso Geothermal Exploration Hole number one (CGEH-1) was drilled in the Coso Hot Springs KGRA, California, from September 2 to December 2, 1977. Chip samples were collected at ten foot intervals and ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Geological and Geophysical Analysis of Coso Geothermal Exploration Hole No. 1 (CGEH-1), Coso Hot Springs KGRA, California Author: Galbraith, R.M. Year: 1978 The Coso Geothermal Exploration Hole number one (CGEH-1) was drilled in the Coso Hot Springs KGRA, California, from September 2 to December 2, 1977. Chip samples were collected at ten foot intervals and extensive geophysical logging surveys were conducted to document the geologic character of the geothermal system as penetrated by CGEH-1. The major rock units encountered include a mafic metamorphic sequence and a leucogranite which intruded the metamorphic rocks. Only weak hydrothermal alteration was noted in these rocks. Drillhole surveys and drilling rate data indicate that the geothermal system is structurally controlled and that the drillhole itself was strongly influenced by structural zones. Water chemistry indicates that this geothermal resource is a hot-water rather than a vapor-dominated system. Several geophysical logs were employed to characterize the drillhole geology. The natural gamma and neutron porosity logs indicate gross rock type and the acoustics logs indicate fractured rock and potentially permeable zones. A series of temperature logs run as a function of time during and after the completion of drilling were most useful in delineating the zones of maximum heat flux. Convective heat flow and temperatures greater than 350/sup 0/F appear to occur only along an open fracture system encountered between depths of 1850 and 2775 feet. Temperature logs indicate a negative thermal gradient below 3000 feet Title: Geological and Geophysical Analysis of Coso Geothermal Exploration Hole No. 1 (CGEH-1), Coso Hot Springs KGRA, California Author: Galbraith, R.M. Year: 1978 The Coso Geothermal Exploration Hole number one (CGEH-1) was drilled in the Coso Hot Springs KGRA, California, from September 2 to December 2, 1977. Chip samples were collected at ten foot intervals and extensive geophysical logging surveys were conducted to document the geologic character of the geothermal system as penetrated by CGEH-1. The major rock units encountered include a mafic metamorphic sequence and a leucogranite which intruded the metamorphic rocks. Only weak hydrothermal alteration was noted in these rocks. Drillhole surveys and drilling rate data indicate that the geothermal system is structurally controlled and that the drillhole itself was strongly influenced by structural zones. Water chemistry indicates that this geothermal resource is a hot-water rather than a vapor-dominated system. Several geophysical logs were employed to characterize the drillhole geology. The natural gamma and neutron porosity logs indicate gross rock type and the acoustics logs indicate fractured rock and potentially permeable zones. A series of temperature logs run as a function of time during and after the completion of drilling were most useful in delineating the zones of maximum heat flux. Convective heat flow and temperatures greater than 350/sup 0/F appear to occur only along an open fracture system encountered between depths of 1850 and 2775 feet. Temperature logs indicate a negative thermal gradient below 3000 feet Close

• 32. [Image] The Definition of Engineering Development and Research Problems Relating to the Use of Geothermal Fluids for Electric Power Generation and Nonelectric Heating

  	The use of geothermal fluids for electric power generation and nonelectric purposes causes problems not normally encountered when pure water is used for similar purposes. These problems must be identified ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Definition of Engineering Development and Research Problems Relating to the Use of Geothermal Fluids for Electric Power Generation and Nonelectric Heating Author: Apps, J.A. Year: 1977 The use of geothermal fluids for electric power generation and nonelectric purposes causes problems not normally encountered when pure water is used for similar purposes. These problems must be identified and means developed to overcome them before geothermal energy resources can become an important source of electric power or thermal energy in the United States. Research and development projects aimed at solving problems arising from the use of geothermal fluids from known sources in the United States are listed. Problem areas covered are: impact on engineering design caused by chemical, thermodynamic, and transport properties of geothermal fluids; scaling and sludge formation; gases, volatile brine constituents, condensate chemistry; environmental problems. The research projects identified are general in nature and are not site specific. (JGB) Title: The Definition of Engineering Development and Research Problems Relating to the Use of Geothermal Fluids for Electric Power Generation and Nonelectric Heating Author: Apps, J.A. Year: 1977 The use of geothermal fluids for electric power generation and nonelectric purposes causes problems not normally encountered when pure water is used for similar purposes. These problems must be identified and means developed to overcome them before geothermal energy resources can become an important source of electric power or thermal energy in the United States. Research and development projects aimed at solving problems arising from the use of geothermal fluids from known sources in the United States are listed. Problem areas covered are: impact on engineering design caused by chemical, thermodynamic, and transport properties of geothermal fluids; scaling and sludge formation; gases, volatile brine constituents, condensate chemistry; environmental problems. The research projects identified are general in nature and are not site specific. (JGB) Close

• 33. [Image] Geothermal Energy Resource Assessment

  	This report covers the objectives and the status of a long-range program to develop techniques for assessing the resource potential of liquid-dominated geothermal systems. Field studies underway in northern ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Geothermal Energy Resource Assessment Author: Wollenberg, H.A. Year: 1975 This report covers the objectives and the status of a long-range program to develop techniques for assessing the resource potential of liquid-dominated geothermal systems. Field studies underway in northern Nevada comprise a systematic integrated program of geologic, geophysical, and geochemical measurements, necessary to specify a drilling program encompassing heat flow holes, deep calibration holes, and ultimately, deep test wells. The status of Nevada field activities is described. The areas under study are in a region characterized by high heat flow where temperatures at depth in some geothermal systems exceed 180 C. Areas presently being examined include Beowawe Hot Springs in Whirlwind Valley. Buffalo Valley Hot Springs, Leach Hot Springs in Grass Valley, and Kyle Hot Springs in Buena Vista Valley. Geologic studies encompass detailed examinations of structure and lithology to establish the geologic framework of the areas. The geothermal occurrences are characterized by zones of intense fault intersection, which furnish permeable channelways for the introduction of meteoric water into regions of high temperature at depth Title: Geothermal Energy Resource Assessment Author: Wollenberg, H.A. Year: 1975 This report covers the objectives and the status of a long-range program to develop techniques for assessing the resource potential of liquid-dominated geothermal systems. Field studies underway in northern Nevada comprise a systematic integrated program of geologic, geophysical, and geochemical measurements, necessary to specify a drilling program encompassing heat flow holes, deep calibration holes, and ultimately, deep test wells. The status of Nevada field activities is described. The areas under study are in a region characterized by high heat flow where temperatures at depth in some geothermal systems exceed 180 C. Areas presently being examined include Beowawe Hot Springs in Whirlwind Valley. Buffalo Valley Hot Springs, Leach Hot Springs in Grass Valley, and Kyle Hot Springs in Buena Vista Valley. Geologic studies encompass detailed examinations of structure and lithology to establish the geologic framework of the areas. The geothermal occurrences are characterized by zones of intense fault intersection, which furnish permeable channelways for the introduction of meteoric water into regions of high temperature at depth Close

• 34. [Image] Liquid-Fluidized-Bed Heat Exchanger Design Parameters

  	Liquid-fluidized-bed heat exchangers prevent scale accumulation on heat transfer surfaces and reduce the required heat transfer surface when scaling fluids, such as geothermal water, are used as the primary ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Liquid-Fluidized-Bed Heat Exchanger Design Parameters Author: Allen, C.A. Year: 1978 Liquid-fluidized-bed heat exchangers prevent scale accumulation on heat transfer surfaces and reduce the required heat transfer surface when scaling fluids, such as geothermal water, are used as the primary or working fluid. Liquid-fluidized-bed heat exchangers, principles of operation, and design parameters are described. Horizontal and vertical assemblies are discussed, including problems encountered with both designs. Bed-side heat transfer coefficients are given for limited cases, and a correlation is provided for calculating heat transfer coefficients for horizontal assemblies. A design example for a 60 kW/sub (e)/ (60 kW/sub (electric)/ preheater is included Title: Liquid-Fluidized-Bed Heat Exchanger Design Parameters Author: Allen, C.A. Year: 1978 Liquid-fluidized-bed heat exchangers prevent scale accumulation on heat transfer surfaces and reduce the required heat transfer surface when scaling fluids, such as geothermal water, are used as the primary or working fluid. Liquid-fluidized-bed heat exchangers, principles of operation, and design parameters are described. Horizontal and vertical assemblies are discussed, including problems encountered with both designs. Bed-side heat transfer coefficients are given for limited cases, and a correlation is provided for calculating heat transfer coefficients for horizontal assemblies. A design example for a 60 kW/sub (e)/ (60 kW/sub (electric)/ preheater is included Close

• 35. [Image] Petrology of the Quaternary Volcanics of the Roosevelt KGRA, and Adjoining Area, Utah. Final Report, Volume 1

  	The Roosevelt KGRA (Known Geothermal Resource Area) located near Milford, Utah, is associated with a suite of quaternary silicic volcanics distributed for 15 km along the crest and western flank of the ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Petrology of the Quaternary Volcanics of the Roosevelt KGRA, and Adjoining Area, Utah. Final Report, Volume 1 Author: Nash, W.P. Year: 1976 The Roosevelt KGRA (Known Geothermal Resource Area) located near Milford, Utah, is associated with a suite of quaternary silicic volcanics distributed for 15 km along the crest and western flank of the Mineral Mountains, a large tertiary granite batholith. The volcanics are high-silica rhyolites and occur as domes, flows and tuffs. Initial eruptions resulted in two flows of low viscosity, phenocryst-poor rhyolite. Later activity consisted of pyroclastic eruptions and the emplacement of at least 9 viscous domes. In addition to abundant glass the rhyolites contain alkali feldspar, plagioclase, biotite, iron-titanium oxides and small amounts of hornblende, allanite, apatite, zircon, sphene and topaz. Magmatic temperatures were about 700C and water fugacities ranged from 350 to 3450 bars. Based on water fugacity calculations it is concluded that there may have been one or more shallow magma chambers in the Mineral Range at depths of about 1.6 km. Title: Petrology of the Quaternary Volcanics of the Roosevelt KGRA, and Adjoining Area, Utah. Final Report, Volume 1 Author: Nash, W.P. Year: 1976 The Roosevelt KGRA (Known Geothermal Resource Area) located near Milford, Utah, is associated with a suite of quaternary silicic volcanics distributed for 15 km along the crest and western flank of the Mineral Mountains, a large tertiary granite batholith. The volcanics are high-silica rhyolites and occur as domes, flows and tuffs. Initial eruptions resulted in two flows of low viscosity, phenocryst-poor rhyolite. Later activity consisted of pyroclastic eruptions and the emplacement of at least 9 viscous domes. In addition to abundant glass the rhyolites contain alkali feldspar, plagioclase, biotite, iron-titanium oxides and small amounts of hornblende, allanite, apatite, zircon, sphene and topaz. Magmatic temperatures were about 700C and water fugacities ranged from 350 to 3450 bars. Based on water fugacity calculations it is concluded that there may have been one or more shallow magma chambers in the Mineral Range at depths of about 1.6 km. Close

• 36. [Image] Wet Geothermal Potential of the Kingman-Williams Region, Arizona

  	The Kingman-Williams region, Arizona, possesses few thermal waters of deep origin. Evaluation of 33 waters (8 thermal) reveals that thermal waters are restricted to the Basin and Range tectonic province; ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Wet Geothermal Potential of the Kingman-Williams Region, Arizona Author: Goff, F.E. Year: 1979 The Kingman-Williams region, Arizona, possesses few thermal waters of deep origin. Evaluation of 33 waters (8 thermal) reveals that thermal waters are restricted to the Basin and Range tectonic province; no thermal waters were found on the west margin of the Colorado Plateau. The thermal waters appear to rise along north-trending normal faults or flow in deep aquifers in Quaternary sedimentary basins of the Basin and Range province. All thermal waters have distinctive chemistry and discharge at temperatures ranjinj from 28-46°C. They Apparently issue from small isolated jeothermal reservoirs. Geothermometry and chemistry indicate that these are low-temperature reservoirs that probably do not exceed 115°C Title: Wet Geothermal Potential of the Kingman-Williams Region, Arizona Author: Goff, F.E. Year: 1979 The Kingman-Williams region, Arizona, possesses few thermal waters of deep origin. Evaluation of 33 waters (8 thermal) reveals that thermal waters are restricted to the Basin and Range tectonic province; no thermal waters were found on the west margin of the Colorado Plateau. The thermal waters appear to rise along north-trending normal faults or flow in deep aquifers in Quaternary sedimentary basins of the Basin and Range province. All thermal waters have distinctive chemistry and discharge at temperatures ranjinj from 28-46°C. They Apparently issue from small isolated jeothermal reservoirs. Geothermometry and chemistry indicate that these are low-temperature reservoirs that probably do not exceed 115°C Close

• 37. [Image] Site-Specific Analysis of Hybrid Geothermal / Fossil Power Plants Volume One: Roosevelt Hot Springs KGRA

  	The economics of a particular hybrid plant must be evaluated with respect to a specific site. This volume focuses on the Roosevelt Hot Springs KGRA. The temperature, pressure, and flow rate data given ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Site-Specific Analysis of Hybrid Geothermal / Fossil Power Plants Volume One: Roosevelt Hot Springs KGRA Author: Burbank City Public Service Dept., CA (USA) Year: 1977 The economics of a particular hybrid plant must be evaluated with respect to a specific site. This volume focuses on the Roosevelt Hot Springs KGRA. The temperature, pressure, and flow rate data given suggests the site deserves serious consideration for a hybrid plant. Key siting considerations which must be addressed before an economic judgment can be attempted are presented as follows: the availability, quality, and cost of coal; the availability of water; and the availability of transmission. Seismological and climate factors are presented Title: Site-Specific Analysis of Hybrid Geothermal / Fossil Power Plants Volume One: Roosevelt Hot Springs KGRA Author: Burbank City Public Service Dept., CA (USA) Year: 1977 The economics of a particular hybrid plant must be evaluated with respect to a specific site. This volume focuses on the Roosevelt Hot Springs KGRA. The temperature, pressure, and flow rate data given suggests the site deserves serious consideration for a hybrid plant. Key siting considerations which must be addressed before an economic judgment can be attempted are presented as follows: the availability, quality, and cost of coal; the availability of water; and the availability of transmission. Seismological and climate factors are presented Close

• 38. [Image] Geothermal Heating System for the Children's Museum of Utah

  	The results of a study to determine the engineering and economic feasibility of using the Wasatch Hot Spring resource for space heating of the Children's Library building are presented. The Wasatch Hot ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Geothermal Heating System for the Children's Museum of Utah Author: Karlsson, T. Year: 1984 The results of a study to determine the engineering and economic feasibility of using the Wasatch Hot Spring resource for space heating of the Children's Library building are presented. The Wasatch Hot Spring with a reported flow of about 63 gpm (240 l/min) at an average temperature of 104/sup 0/F is not capable of furnishing the needed heat for the Children's Museum building. The underground paths along which the thermal waters flow to their outlets at the Warm Springs Fault are not presently known. It is possible if the thermal water ascends from the deep layers of the earth along the Warm Springs Fault that increased geothermal flow at a higher temperature can be produced by drilling into the fault. Assuming that sufficient geothermal fluid quantity is produced by drilling in the area, an analysis is made of a geothermal heating system for the building based on different fluid temperatures. It is assumed that the present and planned heating systems be left intact with the gas fired boilers taking over during cold periods when the geothermal system fails to provide sufficient heat. Economic analysis shows that the geothermal system is very attractive, even for the lowest geothermal fluid temperature considered (110/sup 0/F) Title: Geothermal Heating System for the Children's Museum of Utah Author: Karlsson, T. Year: 1984 The results of a study to determine the engineering and economic feasibility of using the Wasatch Hot Spring resource for space heating of the Children's Library building are presented. The Wasatch Hot Spring with a reported flow of about 63 gpm (240 l/min) at an average temperature of 104/sup 0/F is not capable of furnishing the needed heat for the Children's Museum building. The underground paths along which the thermal waters flow to their outlets at the Warm Springs Fault are not presently known. It is possible if the thermal water ascends from the deep layers of the earth along the Warm Springs Fault that increased geothermal flow at a higher temperature can be produced by drilling into the fault. Assuming that sufficient geothermal fluid quantity is produced by drilling in the area, an analysis is made of a geothermal heating system for the building based on different fluid temperatures. It is assumed that the present and planned heating systems be left intact with the gas fired boilers taking over during cold periods when the geothermal system fails to provide sufficient heat. Economic analysis shows that the geothermal system is very attractive, even for the lowest geothermal fluid temperature considered (110/sup 0/F) Close

• 39. [Image] Klamath Project annual history, 1950

  	Ill., maps (some color), photographs; Includes fiscal year financials, photographs, maps, crop and livestock yields, irrigation and drainage and irrigation pumping plant operations, WPA camp maintenance, ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Klamath Project annual history, 1950 Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation Year: 1950, 2008, 2007 Ill., maps (some color), photographs; Includes fiscal year financials, photographs, maps, crop and livestock yields, irrigation and drainage and irrigation pumping plant operations, WPA camp maintenance, etc.; Title covers: calendar years for 1949 - 1952; Description is based on: Klamath Project annual history for 1949; Dates of the beginning year(s) of publication are derived from May 1, 1903 to December 31, 1912, History of the Klamath Project and from the volume information on later volumes (v. 35) Klamath District and Klamath Project Annual history for 1945, dated December 1, 1946 Title: Klamath Project annual history, 1950 Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation Year: 1950, 2008, 2007 Ill., maps (some color), photographs; Includes fiscal year financials, photographs, maps, crop and livestock yields, irrigation and drainage and irrigation pumping plant operations, WPA camp maintenance, etc.; Title covers: calendar years for 1949 - 1952; Description is based on: Klamath Project annual history for 1949; Dates of the beginning year(s) of publication are derived from May 1, 1903 to December 31, 1912, History of the Klamath Project and from the volume information on later volumes (v. 35) Klamath District and Klamath Project Annual history for 1945, dated December 1, 1946 Close

• 40. [Image] Deposition of CaCO/sub 3/ in porous materials by flashing geothermal fluid

  	Deposition of CaCO/sub 3/ from natural geothermal fluid was studied by using porous substrates made from several granular materials. These experiments aimed to explore connections between the process of ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Deposition of CaCO/sub 3/ in porous materials by flashing geothermal fluid Author: Michels, D.E. Year: 1980 Deposition of CaCO/sub 3/ from natural geothermal fluid was studied by using porous substrates made from several granular materials. These experiments aimed to explore connections between the process of steam flash from superheated CO/sub 2/-charged water and the consequent changes in the carbonate chemical equilibria. The substrates were characterized pre- and post-experiment. Flow rates and compositions of input and output fluids were determined. The resultant CaCO/sub 3/ deposits were examined from several points of view. (MHR); LBL-10673 Title: Deposition of CaCO/sub 3/ in porous materials by flashing geothermal fluid Author: Michels, D.E. Year: 1980 Deposition of CaCO/sub 3/ from natural geothermal fluid was studied by using porous substrates made from several granular materials. These experiments aimed to explore connections between the process of steam flash from superheated CO/sub 2/-charged water and the consequent changes in the carbonate chemical equilibria. The substrates were characterized pre- and post-experiment. Flow rates and compositions of input and output fluids were determined. The resultant CaCO/sub 3/ deposits were examined from several points of view. (MHR); LBL-10673 Close

• 41. [Image] Transient well testing in two-phase geothermal reservoirs

  	A study of well test analysis techniques in two-phase geothermal reservoirs has been conducted using a three-dimensional, two-phase, wellbore and reservoir simulation model. Well tests from Cerro Prieto ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Transient well testing in two-phase geothermal reservoirs Author: Aydelotte, S.R. Year: 1980 A study of well test analysis techniques in two-phase geothermal reservoirs has been conducted using a three-dimensional, two-phase, wellbore and reservoir simulation model. Well tests from Cerro Prieto and the Hawaiian Geothermal project have been history matched. Using these well tests as a base, the influence of reservoir permeability, porosity, thickness, and heat capacity, along with flow rate and fracturing were studied. Single and two-phase transient well test equations were used to analyze these tests with poor results due to rapidly changing fluid properties and inability to calculate the flowing steam saturation in the reservoir. The injection of cold water into the reservoir does give good data from which formation properties can be calculated. Title: Transient well testing in two-phase geothermal reservoirs Author: Aydelotte, S.R. Year: 1980 A study of well test analysis techniques in two-phase geothermal reservoirs has been conducted using a three-dimensional, two-phase, wellbore and reservoir simulation model. Well tests from Cerro Prieto and the Hawaiian Geothermal project have been history matched. Using these well tests as a base, the influence of reservoir permeability, porosity, thickness, and heat capacity, along with flow rate and fracturing were studied. Single and two-phase transient well test equations were used to analyze these tests with poor results due to rapidly changing fluid properties and inability to calculate the flowing steam saturation in the reservoir. The injection of cold water into the reservoir does give good data from which formation properties can be calculated. Close

• 42. [Image] Geothermal Modeling of the Raft River Geothermal Field

  	The results to date of chemical modeling of the Raft River KGRA are presented. Earlier work indicated a northwest-southeast anomaly in the contours. Modeling techniques applied to more complete data allowed ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Geothermal Modeling of the Raft River Geothermal Field Author: Overton, H.L. Year: 1979 The results to date of chemical modeling of the Raft River KGRA are presented. Earlier work indicated a northwest-southeast anomaly in the contours. Modeling techniques applied to more complete data allowed further definition of the anomaly. Models described in this report show the source of various minerals in the geothermal water. There appears to be a regional heat source that gives rise to uniform conductive heat flow in the region, but convective flow is concentrated near the upwelling in the Crook well vicinity. Recommendations are made concerning field expansion and additional work needed to refine the overall reservoir model; EGG-2004 Title: Geothermal Modeling of the Raft River Geothermal Field Author: Overton, H.L. Year: 1979 The results to date of chemical modeling of the Raft River KGRA are presented. Earlier work indicated a northwest-southeast anomaly in the contours. Modeling techniques applied to more complete data allowed further definition of the anomaly. Models described in this report show the source of various minerals in the geothermal water. There appears to be a regional heat source that gives rise to uniform conductive heat flow in the region, but convective flow is concentrated near the upwelling in the Crook well vicinity. Recommendations are made concerning field expansion and additional work needed to refine the overall reservoir model; EGG-2004 Close

• 43. [Image] Atlantic coastal plain geothermal test holes, New Jersey: Hole completion reports

  	A description of the Atlantic Coastal Plains Geothermal Drilling Program and data for the following Geothermal test holes drilled in New Jersey are summarized: Site No. 40, Fort Monmouth; Site No. 41, ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Atlantic coastal plain geothermal test holes, New Jersey: Hole completion reports Author: Cobb, L.B. Year: 1979 A description of the Atlantic Coastal Plains Geothermal Drilling Program and data for the following Geothermal test holes drilled in New Jersey are summarized: Site No. 40, Fort Monmouth; Site No. 41, Sea Girt; Site No. 39-A, Forked River; Site No. 38, Atlantic City; and Site No. 36, Cape May; NVO-1558-1 Title: Atlantic coastal plain geothermal test holes, New Jersey: Hole completion reports Author: Cobb, L.B. Year: 1979 A description of the Atlantic Coastal Plains Geothermal Drilling Program and data for the following Geothermal test holes drilled in New Jersey are summarized: Site No. 40, Fort Monmouth; Site No. 41, Sea Girt; Site No. 39-A, Forked River; Site No. 38, Atlantic City; and Site No. 36, Cape May; NVO-1558-1 Close

• 44. [Image] Basic research needed for the development of geothermal energy

  	Basic research needed to facilitate development of geothermal energy is identified. An attempt has been made to make the report representative of the ideas of productive workers in the field. The present ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Basic research needed for the development of geothermal energy Author: Aamodt, R.L. Year: 1980 Basic research needed to facilitate development of geothermal energy is identified. An attempt has been made to make the report representative of the ideas of productive workers in the field. The present state of knowledge of geothermal energy is presented and then specific recommendations for further research, with status and priorities, are listed. Discussion is limited to a small number of applicable concepts, namely: origin of geothermal flux; transport of geothermal energy; geothermal reservoirs; rock-water interactions, and geophysical and geochemical exploration; LA-8562-MS Title: Basic research needed for the development of geothermal energy Author: Aamodt, R.L. Year: 1980 Basic research needed to facilitate development of geothermal energy is identified. An attempt has been made to make the report representative of the ideas of productive workers in the field. The present state of knowledge of geothermal energy is presented and then specific recommendations for further research, with status and priorities, are listed. Discussion is limited to a small number of applicable concepts, namely: origin of geothermal flux; transport of geothermal energy; geothermal reservoirs; rock-water interactions, and geophysical and geochemical exploration; LA-8562-MS Close

• 45. [Image] Geothermal energy enhancement by thermal fracture. [REX (Rock Energy Extraction)]

  	A large, vertical, circular fracture created deep within hot rock is connected to the surface through two holes. The inlet provides a source of cold water and the outlet extracts heated water. Cooling ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Geothermal energy enhancement by thermal fracture. [REX (Rock Energy Extraction)] Author: Demuth, R.B. Year: 1980 A large, vertical, circular fracture created deep within hot rock is connected to the surface through two holes. The inlet provides a source of cold water and the outlet extracts heated water. Cooling of the rock produces thermal stresses that fracture the rock adjacent to the primary crack, thereby enhancing the heat extraction rate by means of convective transport. The properties of the thermal fracture network vary with position and time. The REX code for high-speed computer was written and used to study the coupled processes of primary-crack flow and lateral thermal fracture heat transport. Calculations for elapsed times of 100 y show that thermal fracture enhancement can double the heat extraction rate over the results from conduction alone. Long-term enhancement predictions depend on data from rock-mechanics studies, which the REX code is prepared to accept as they become available.; LA-8428 Title: Geothermal energy enhancement by thermal fracture. [REX (Rock Energy Extraction)] Author: Demuth, R.B. Year: 1980 A large, vertical, circular fracture created deep within hot rock is connected to the surface through two holes. The inlet provides a source of cold water and the outlet extracts heated water. Cooling of the rock produces thermal stresses that fracture the rock adjacent to the primary crack, thereby enhancing the heat extraction rate by means of convective transport. The properties of the thermal fracture network vary with position and time. The REX code for high-speed computer was written and used to study the coupled processes of primary-crack flow and lateral thermal fracture heat transport. Calculations for elapsed times of 100 y show that thermal fracture enhancement can double the heat extraction rate over the results from conduction alone. Long-term enhancement predictions depend on data from rock-mechanics studies, which the REX code is prepared to accept as they become available.; LA-8428 Close

• 46. [Image] Assessment of geothermal resources of Caliente, Nevada

  	An assessment of the geothermal resources of Caliente, Nevada was made to provide information on resource characteristics and to site 2 (two) 500 ft (152 m) test wells to confirm the resource. The strategy ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Assessment of geothermal resources of Caliente, Nevada Author: Trexler, D.T. Year: 1980 An assessment of the geothermal resources of Caliente, Nevada was made to provide information on resource characteristics and to site 2 (two) 500 ft (152 m) test wells to confirm the resource. The strategy used in the resource assessment employed a logical sequence of work elements that included 1) baseline data collection, 2) field investigations, 3) laboratory analyses and 4) data interpretation and synthesis. Airphoto interpretation indicated that a series of normal faults produced a stepped arrangement in the canyon walls on the west side of Meadow Valley Wash north of downtown Caiente. This area coincides with the area of known geothermal occurrences. Temperature measurements in existing wells indicate a rapid cooling of the geothermal waters as they mix with cold groundwater flows in Meadow Valley Wash. Soil mercury analyses range from 15 ppB to as high as 120 ppB. Trends in soil mercury content may indicate the presence of buried faults. Temperature measured in 2-meter deep auger holes indicated temperatures as high as 40/sup 0/C in an area north of the Lincoln County Medical Facility. Interpretation of chemical analyses, both major and minor, of waters collected from wells and streams in the area failed to conclusively show any mechanisms for the mixing of thermal and nonthermal waters. The selection of sites for the 2 (two) 500 ft (152 m) reservoir confirmation wells was made using the results of temperature surveys, geologic structure and historic observations; DOE/NV/10039-1 Title: Assessment of geothermal resources of Caliente, Nevada Author: Trexler, D.T. Year: 1980 An assessment of the geothermal resources of Caliente, Nevada was made to provide information on resource characteristics and to site 2 (two) 500 ft (152 m) test wells to confirm the resource. The strategy used in the resource assessment employed a logical sequence of work elements that included 1) baseline data collection, 2) field investigations, 3) laboratory analyses and 4) data interpretation and synthesis. Airphoto interpretation indicated that a series of normal faults produced a stepped arrangement in the canyon walls on the west side of Meadow Valley Wash north of downtown Caiente. This area coincides with the area of known geothermal occurrences. Temperature measurements in existing wells indicate a rapid cooling of the geothermal waters as they mix with cold groundwater flows in Meadow Valley Wash. Soil mercury analyses range from 15 ppB to as high as 120 ppB. Trends in soil mercury content may indicate the presence of buried faults. Temperature measured in 2-meter deep auger holes indicated temperatures as high as 40/sup 0/C in an area north of the Lincoln County Medical Facility. Interpretation of chemical analyses, both major and minor, of waters collected from wells and streams in the area failed to conclusively show any mechanisms for the mixing of thermal and nonthermal waters. The selection of sites for the 2 (two) 500 ft (152 m) reservoir confirmation wells was made using the results of temperature surveys, geologic structure and historic observations; DOE/NV/10039-1 Close

• 47. [Image] Geothermal investigations at selected thermal systems of the northern Wasatch Front Weber and Box Elder Counties, Utah. Report of investigation No. 141

  	Numerous thermal springs are present along the Wasatch Front from Utah valley on the south to the state line on the north. These systems are just west of the Wasatch Mountains at the eastern edge of the ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Geothermal investigations at selected thermal systems of the northern Wasatch Front Weber and Box Elder Counties, Utah. Report of investigation No. 141 Author: Murphy, P. Year: 1979 Numerous thermal springs are present along the Wasatch Front from Utah valley on the south to the state line on the north. These systems are just west of the Wasatch Mountains at the eastern edge of the Basin and Range physiographic province and within the active seismic zone referred to as the Intermountain Seismic Belt. This Report of Investigation is a summary of UGMS investigations at four northern Wasatch Front geothermal systems: Utah, Crystal (Madsen), and Udy hot springs; and the Little Mountain - south system. All of these resources are deep circulation systems and the water is heated by the normal heat flow of the Basin and Range Province. Heat from volcanic sources is not believed to contribute to the warming of any northern Wasatch Front springs. Data collected under the DOE/DGE state coupled program are presented for use by individuals interested in these systems; DOE/ET/28393-18 Title: Geothermal investigations at selected thermal systems of the northern Wasatch Front Weber and Box Elder Counties, Utah. Report of investigation No. 141 Author: Murphy, P. Year: 1979 Numerous thermal springs are present along the Wasatch Front from Utah valley on the south to the state line on the north. These systems are just west of the Wasatch Mountains at the eastern edge of the Basin and Range physiographic province and within the active seismic zone referred to as the Intermountain Seismic Belt. This Report of Investigation is a summary of UGMS investigations at four northern Wasatch Front geothermal systems: Utah, Crystal (Madsen), and Udy hot springs; and the Little Mountain - south system. All of these resources are deep circulation systems and the water is heated by the normal heat flow of the Basin and Range Province. Heat from volcanic sources is not believed to contribute to the warming of any northern Wasatch Front springs. Data collected under the DOE/DGE state coupled program are presented for use by individuals interested in these systems; DOE/ET/28393-18 Close

• 48. [Image] Pressure transient testing of a manmade fractured geothermal reservoir: an examination of fracture versus matrix dominated flow effects

  	The data analysis is in terms of a diffusion equation that determines the flow of water and hence the pressure in the main fracture system, associated joints, and the matrix permeability. The fits of the ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Pressure transient testing of a manmade fractured geothermal reservoir: an examination of fracture versus matrix dominated flow effects Author: Fisher, H.N. Year: 1980 The data analysis is in terms of a diffusion equation that determines the flow of water and hence the pressure in the main fracture system, associated joints, and the matrix permeability. The fits of the flow data to type curve solutions of the diffusion equation with pressure-dependent properties for various flow geometries are presented. The following points are considered in detail. (1) The limits on the fracture geometry, aperture, and diffusing areas are determined from the diffusion parameters. (2) Dependence of the parameters (impedance, diffusivity) of the flow-through systems are related to the inflation of the major fractures. (3) The rock properties are related to the reservoir compressibility and permeability. In particular, laboratory experiments have shown that the properties of all sizes of cracks from large single fractures to the microstructure are pressure dependent if the fluid pressure is near the confining stress. The effects of this pressure dependence on the form of the type curves are included. (4) The competition of flow into the various types of porosity (main fractures, joints, and microstructure) and the effect on the interpretation of type curves are considered. The approach described makes an important departure from conventional pressure-transient reservoir analysis in that pressure-dependent properties are incorporated into a numerically simulated generation of type curves resulting from one- and two-dimensional diffusion. In addition, the problem of specifying a unique flow geometry where both matrix and fracture-dominated, non-Darcy flow effects are possible is analyzed using a large amount of field and laboratory data in conjunction with a theoretical treatment that reviews the existing state of the art in reservoir mechanics.; LA-8535-MS Title: Pressure transient testing of a manmade fractured geothermal reservoir: an examination of fracture versus matrix dominated flow effects Author: Fisher, H.N. Year: 1980 The data analysis is in terms of a diffusion equation that determines the flow of water and hence the pressure in the main fracture system, associated joints, and the matrix permeability. The fits of the flow data to type curve solutions of the diffusion equation with pressure-dependent properties for various flow geometries are presented. The following points are considered in detail. (1) The limits on the fracture geometry, aperture, and diffusing areas are determined from the diffusion parameters. (2) Dependence of the parameters (impedance, diffusivity) of the flow-through systems are related to the inflation of the major fractures. (3) The rock properties are related to the reservoir compressibility and permeability. In particular, laboratory experiments have shown that the properties of all sizes of cracks from large single fractures to the microstructure are pressure dependent if the fluid pressure is near the confining stress. The effects of this pressure dependence on the form of the type curves are included. (4) The competition of flow into the various types of porosity (main fractures, joints, and microstructure) and the effect on the interpretation of type curves are considered. The approach described makes an important departure from conventional pressure-transient reservoir analysis in that pressure-dependent properties are incorporated into a numerically simulated generation of type curves resulting from one- and two-dimensional diffusion. In addition, the problem of specifying a unique flow geometry where both matrix and fracture-dominated, non-Darcy flow effects are possible is analyzed using a large amount of field and laboratory data in conjunction with a theoretical treatment that reviews the existing state of the art in reservoir mechanics.; LA-8535-MS Close

• 49. [Image] Utilization of geothermal energy for methane production for J. A. Albertson Land and Cattle Company

  	To utilize the geothermal energy in the area of its 30,000-head cattle feedlot, J.A. Albertson Land and Cattle Co. is considering the development of an integrated geothermal/bioconversion system that would ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Utilization of geothermal energy for methane production for J. A. Albertson Land and Cattle Company Author: Bissell, R.R. Year: 1980 To utilize the geothermal energy in the area of its 30,000-head cattle feedlot, J.A. Albertson Land and Cattle Co. is considering the development of an integrated geothermal/bioconversion system that would use the cattle manure as a feedstock for an anaerobic-digestion plant to produce methane plus a digester-residue cattle-feed supplement. The feedlot lies within a high-temperature gradient and heat-flow area associated with the Western Snake River basin in Malheur Co., Oregon. The three digesters designed for the process will operate mesophilically (at 98/sup 0/F) with a 20-day retention time. To make up the digesters' heat losses, the geothermal water source will need to be about 135/sup 0/F and have a flow rate of 120-240 gpm, depending on the size ultimately selected for the facility. If the digester residue replaces alfalfa hay in the cattle's current rations, its value will amount to $1.15 million/yr. Burning the methane in engine/generator sets would produce 985-1970 kW of electric power that could be either sold or used as a day-to-day substitute for the geothermal heat. An economic analysis of the system is presented; DOE/ET/27230-T2 Title: Utilization of geothermal energy for methane production for J. A. Albertson Land and Cattle Company Author: Bissell, R.R. Year: 1980 To utilize the geothermal energy in the area of its 30,000-head cattle feedlot, J.A. Albertson Land and Cattle Co. is considering the development of an integrated geothermal/bioconversion system that would use the cattle manure as a feedstock for an anaerobic-digestion plant to produce methane plus a digester-residue cattle-feed supplement. The feedlot lies within a high-temperature gradient and heat-flow area associated with the Western Snake River basin in Malheur Co., Oregon. The three digesters designed for the process will operate mesophilically (at 98/sup 0/F) with a 20-day retention time. To make up the digesters' heat losses, the geothermal water source will need to be about 135/sup 0/F and have a flow rate of 120-240 gpm, depending on the size ultimately selected for the facility. If the digester residue replaces alfalfa hay in the cattle's current rations, its value will amount to $1.15 million/yr. Burning the methane in engine/generator sets would produce 985-1970 kW of electric power that could be either sold or used as a day-to-day substitute for the geothermal heat. An economic analysis of the system is presented; DOE/ET/27230-T2 Close

• 50. [Image] Geothermal direct heat project, Marlin, Texas: Environmental assessment

  	The Federal action addressed is retrofitting a heating and hot water system in a hospital at Marlin, Texas, with a geothermal preheat system. The project will be located within the existing hospital boiler ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Geothermal direct heat project, Marlin, Texas: Environmental assessment Year: 1979 The Federal action addressed is retrofitting a heating and hot water system in a hospital at Marlin, Texas, with a geothermal preheat system. The project will be located within the existing hospital boiler room. One supply well will be drilled in an existing adjacent parking lot. Fluid disposal from operation will depend on fluid properties and may be by surface disposal to existing street drains, by surface disposal to a new drainage system, or by injection into a new injection well, depending on total dissolved solids (TDS) content. Environmental impacts of construction are expected to be small because of the existing structures and paved areas. Construction run-off and geothermal flow-test fluid will pass through a small pond in the city park, lowering its water quality, at least temporarily. Construction noise is not expected to be out of character with existing noises around the hospital. Project operation is not expected to produce significant impacts because of the decision point to determine fluid composition prior to designating a disposal method. Injection would be into a saline aquifer, and surface discharge would not appreciably lower water quality in the Brazos River; DOE/EA-0067 Title: Geothermal direct heat project, Marlin, Texas: Environmental assessment Year: 1979 The Federal action addressed is retrofitting a heating and hot water system in a hospital at Marlin, Texas, with a geothermal preheat system. The project will be located within the existing hospital boiler room. One supply well will be drilled in an existing adjacent parking lot. Fluid disposal from operation will depend on fluid properties and may be by surface disposal to existing street drains, by surface disposal to a new drainage system, or by injection into a new injection well, depending on total dissolved solids (TDS) content. Environmental impacts of construction are expected to be small because of the existing structures and paved areas. Construction run-off and geothermal flow-test fluid will pass through a small pond in the city park, lowering its water quality, at least temporarily. Construction noise is not expected to be out of character with existing noises around the hospital. Project operation is not expected to produce significant impacts because of the decision point to determine fluid composition prior to designating a disposal method. Injection would be into a saline aquifer, and surface discharge would not appreciably lower water quality in the Brazos River; DOE/EA-0067 Close

• 51. [Image] Delineation of an electrical resistivity anomaly, Malpais area, Beowawe KGRA, Eureka and Lander Counties, Nevada

  	A simple numerical model of previously released bipole-dipole resistivity data shows the margin of the graben to be anomalously conductive below the Malpais. The conductive area has been delineated with ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Delineation of an electrical resistivity anomaly, Malpais area, Beowawe KGRA, Eureka and Lander Counties, Nevada Author: Smith, C. Year: 1980 A simple numerical model of previously released bipole-dipole resistivity data shows the margin of the graben to be anomalously conductive below the Malpais. The conductive area has been delineated with data from a dipole-dipole resistivity survey run in April 1980 for this study. Detailed numerical models of these data define a 1250 m wide body with resistivities less than 20 ohm-m that appear to connect The Geysers and the graben boundary. The minimum depth to the conductor is interpreted to be 375 m; its depth extent is undetermined. The electrical data do not resolve whether the anomaly below the Malpais may be the product of a defunct hydrothermal system or the signature of an active system. If thermal gradient data detect an enhanced heat flow anomaly in the same area, the Malpais may be a viable geothermal exploration target within the Beowawe KGRA; DOE/ID/12079-7 Title: Delineation of an electrical resistivity anomaly, Malpais area, Beowawe KGRA, Eureka and Lander Counties, Nevada Author: Smith, C. Year: 1980 A simple numerical model of previously released bipole-dipole resistivity data shows the margin of the graben to be anomalously conductive below the Malpais. The conductive area has been delineated with data from a dipole-dipole resistivity survey run in April 1980 for this study. Detailed numerical models of these data define a 1250 m wide body with resistivities less than 20 ohm-m that appear to connect The Geysers and the graben boundary. The minimum depth to the conductor is interpreted to be 375 m; its depth extent is undetermined. The electrical data do not resolve whether the anomaly below the Malpais may be the product of a defunct hydrothermal system or the signature of an active system. If thermal gradient data detect an enhanced heat flow anomaly in the same area, the Malpais may be a viable geothermal exploration target within the Beowawe KGRA; DOE/ID/12079-7 Close

• 52. [Image] Use of data obtained from core tests in the design and operation of spent brine injection wells in geopressured or geothermal systems

  	The effects of formation characteristics on injection well performance are reviewed. Use of data acquired from cores taken from injection horizons to predict injectivity is described. And methods for utilizing ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Use of data obtained from core tests in the design and operation of spent brine injection wells in geopressured or geothermal systems Author: Jorda, R.M. Year: 1980 The effects of formation characteristics on injection well performance are reviewed. Use of data acquired from cores taken from injection horizons to predict injectivity is described. And methods for utilizing data from bench scale testing of brine and core samples to optimize injection well design are presented. Currently available methods and equipment provide data which enable the optimum design of injection wells through analysis of cores taken from injection zones. These methods also provide a means of identifying and correcting well injection problems. Methods described in this report are: bulk density measurement; porosity measurement; pore size distribution analysis; permeability measurement; formation grain size distribution analysis; core description (lithology) and composition; amount, type and distribution of clays and shales; connate water analysis; consolidatability of friable reservoir rocks; grain and pore characterization by scanning electron microscopy; grain and pore characterization by thin section analysis; permeability damage and enhancement tests; distribution of water-borne particles in porous media; and reservoir matrix acidizing effectiveness. The precise methods of obtaining this information are described, and their use in the engineering of injection wells is illustrated by examples, where applicable. (MHR); SAND-80-7047 Title: Use of data obtained from core tests in the design and operation of spent brine injection wells in geopressured or geothermal systems Author: Jorda, R.M. Year: 1980 The effects of formation characteristics on injection well performance are reviewed. Use of data acquired from cores taken from injection horizons to predict injectivity is described. And methods for utilizing data from bench scale testing of brine and core samples to optimize injection well design are presented. Currently available methods and equipment provide data which enable the optimum design of injection wells through analysis of cores taken from injection zones. These methods also provide a means of identifying and correcting well injection problems. Methods described in this report are: bulk density measurement; porosity measurement; pore size distribution analysis; permeability measurement; formation grain size distribution analysis; core description (lithology) and composition; amount, type and distribution of clays and shales; connate water analysis; consolidatability of friable reservoir rocks; grain and pore characterization by scanning electron microscopy; grain and pore characterization by thin section analysis; permeability damage and enhancement tests; distribution of water-borne particles in porous media; and reservoir matrix acidizing effectiveness. The precise methods of obtaining this information are described, and their use in the engineering of injection wells is illustrated by examples, where applicable. (MHR); SAND-80-7047 Close

• 53. [Image] Analysis of a Radial-Outflow Reaction Turbine Concept for Geothermal Application

  	The radial-outflow reaction turbine, a pure-reaction turbine designed to improve the conversion efficiency of geothermal energy into electrical power is described. It also has potential as a total-flow ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Analysis of a Radial-Outflow Reaction Turbine Concept for Geothermal Application Author: House, P.A. Year: 1978 The radial-outflow reaction turbine, a pure-reaction turbine designed to improve the conversion efficiency of geothermal energy into electrical power is described. It also has potential as a total-flow turbine for low-temperature water. The principle of incomplete expansion can be used to obtain a reduction in turbine size when the turbine exhausts into a low-pressure condenser. And, by adding this turbine to single- and two-stage flashed-steam systems, the conversion efficiency of systems utilizing low- and high-energy wellhead sources, respectively can be improved. The Appendix outlines the analysis of the radial-outflow reaction turbine and leads to an expression for engine efficiency Title: Analysis of a Radial-Outflow Reaction Turbine Concept for Geothermal Application Author: House, P.A. Year: 1978 The radial-outflow reaction turbine, a pure-reaction turbine designed to improve the conversion efficiency of geothermal energy into electrical power is described. It also has potential as a total-flow turbine for low-temperature water. The principle of incomplete expansion can be used to obtain a reduction in turbine size when the turbine exhausts into a low-pressure condenser. And, by adding this turbine to single- and two-stage flashed-steam systems, the conversion efficiency of systems utilizing low- and high-energy wellhead sources, respectively can be improved. The Appendix outlines the analysis of the radial-outflow reaction turbine and leads to an expression for engine efficiency Close

• 54. [Image] Advanced Design and Economic Considerations for Commercial Geothermal Power Plants at Heber and Niland, California. Final Report

  	Two separate studies, involving advanced design and economic considerations for commercial geothermal power plants using liquid-dominated hydrothermal resources, are presented. In the first study, the ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Advanced Design and Economic Considerations for Commercial Geothermal Power Plants at Heber and Niland, California. Final Report Author: Bechtel Corporation Year: 1977 Two separate studies, involving advanced design and economic considerations for commercial geothermal power plants using liquid-dominated hydrothermal resources, are presented. In the first study, the effects on design, capital cost, and bus bar electric energy production cost caused by an anticipated decline in available geothermal fluid temperature over the lifetime of power plants are described. A two-stage, flashed-steam energy conversion process was used for the conceptual design of the power plants, which operate from the moderate-temperature, low-salinity reservoir at Heber, California. Plants with net capacities of 50, 100, and 200 MWe (net) were investigated. The results show that it is important to include provision for geothermal fluid temperature decline in the design of power plants to prevent loss of electric energy production capability and to reduce bus bar electric energy costs. In the second study, the technical, economic, and environmental effects of adding regeneration to a 50 MWe (net) power plant employing the multistage-flash/binary process are described. Regeneration is potentially attractive because it recovers waste heat from the turbine exhaust and uses it in the power cycle. However, the pressure drop caused by the introduction of the regenerator decreases the turbine expansion and thus decreases system performance. An innovative approach was taken in the design of the regenerator, which minimized the expected performance degradation of the turbine. The result was that the performance, capital cost, and bus bar electric energy production cost are nearly the same for the processes with and without regeneration. On the other hand, the addition of regeneration has the environmental benefits of substantially reducing heat rejection to the atmosphere and cooling tower makeup and blowdown water requirements. It also increases the temperature of the brine returned to the field for reinjection Title: Advanced Design and Economic Considerations for Commercial Geothermal Power Plants at Heber and Niland, California. Final Report Author: Bechtel Corporation Year: 1977 Two separate studies, involving advanced design and economic considerations for commercial geothermal power plants using liquid-dominated hydrothermal resources, are presented. In the first study, the effects on design, capital cost, and bus bar electric energy production cost caused by an anticipated decline in available geothermal fluid temperature over the lifetime of power plants are described. A two-stage, flashed-steam energy conversion process was used for the conceptual design of the power plants, which operate from the moderate-temperature, low-salinity reservoir at Heber, California. Plants with net capacities of 50, 100, and 200 MWe (net) were investigated. The results show that it is important to include provision for geothermal fluid temperature decline in the design of power plants to prevent loss of electric energy production capability and to reduce bus bar electric energy costs. In the second study, the technical, economic, and environmental effects of adding regeneration to a 50 MWe (net) power plant employing the multistage-flash/binary process are described. Regeneration is potentially attractive because it recovers waste heat from the turbine exhaust and uses it in the power cycle. However, the pressure drop caused by the introduction of the regenerator decreases the turbine expansion and thus decreases system performance. An innovative approach was taken in the design of the regenerator, which minimized the expected performance degradation of the turbine. The result was that the performance, capital cost, and bus bar electric energy production cost are nearly the same for the processes with and without regeneration. On the other hand, the addition of regeneration has the environmental benefits of substantially reducing heat rejection to the atmosphere and cooling tower makeup and blowdown water requirements. It also increases the temperature of the brine returned to the field for reinjection Close

• 55. [Image] DHE (Downhole Heat Exchangers)

  	The use of downhole heat exchangers (DHE) for residential or commercial space and domestic water heating and other applications has several desirable features. Systems are nearly or completely passive ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: DHE (Downhole Heat Exchangers) Author: Culver, G. Year: 1990 The use of downhole heat exchangers (DHE) for residential or commercial space and domestic water heating and other applications has several desirable features. Systems are nearly or completely passive -- that is, no or very little geothermal water or steam is produced from the well either reducing or completely eliminating surface environmental concerns and the need for disposal systems or injection wells. Initial cost of pumps and installation are eliminated or reduced along with pumping power costs and maintenance costs associated with pumping often corrosive geothermal fluids. Many residential and small commercial systems do not require circulating pumps because the density difference in the incoming and outgoing sides of the loop are sufficient to overcome circulating friction losses in the entire system. The major disadvantage of DHEs is their dependence on natural heat flow. In areas where geological conditions provide high permeability and a natural hydraulic gradient, DHEs can provide a substantial quantity of heat. A single 500-ft (152 m) well in Klamath Falls, Oregon, supplies over one megawatt thermal and output is apparently limited by the surface area of pipe that can be installed in the well bore. In contrast, DHEs used in conjunction with heat pumps may supply less than 8 KW from a well of similar depth. Here output is limited by conductive heat flow with perhaps a small contribution from convection near the well bore. The highest capacity DHE reported to date, in Turkey, supplies 6 MW thermal from an 820-ft (250 m) well. There were two main goals for this project. The first was to gather, disseminate and exchange internationally information on DHEs. The second was to perform experiments that would provide insight into well bore/aquifer interaction and thereby provide more information on which to base DHE designs. 27 refs., 31 figs., 3 tabs. Title: DHE (Downhole Heat Exchangers) Author: Culver, G. Year: 1990 The use of downhole heat exchangers (DHE) for residential or commercial space and domestic water heating and other applications has several desirable features. Systems are nearly or completely passive -- that is, no or very little geothermal water or steam is produced from the well either reducing or completely eliminating surface environmental concerns and the need for disposal systems or injection wells. Initial cost of pumps and installation are eliminated or reduced along with pumping power costs and maintenance costs associated with pumping often corrosive geothermal fluids. Many residential and small commercial systems do not require circulating pumps because the density difference in the incoming and outgoing sides of the loop are sufficient to overcome circulating friction losses in the entire system. The major disadvantage of DHEs is their dependence on natural heat flow. In areas where geological conditions provide high permeability and a natural hydraulic gradient, DHEs can provide a substantial quantity of heat. A single 500-ft (152 m) well in Klamath Falls, Oregon, supplies over one megawatt thermal and output is apparently limited by the surface area of pipe that can be installed in the well bore. In contrast, DHEs used in conjunction with heat pumps may supply less than 8 KW from a well of similar depth. Here output is limited by conductive heat flow with perhaps a small contribution from convection near the well bore. The highest capacity DHE reported to date, in Turkey, supplies 6 MW thermal from an 820-ft (250 m) well. There were two main goals for this project. The first was to gather, disseminate and exchange internationally information on DHEs. The second was to perform experiments that would provide insight into well bore/aquifer interaction and thereby provide more information on which to base DHE designs. 27 refs., 31 figs., 3 tabs. Close

• 56. [Image] Design of a Water Jet Drill for Development of Geothermal Resources. Annual Progress Report, June 1, 1976--May 31, 1977

  	Research was expanded to the drilling of crystalline rock. Advance rates of 40 inches per minute have been achieved at 16,000 psi, 10 gpm flow rate in a 30,000 psi compressive strength rock using the water ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Design of a Water Jet Drill for Development of Geothermal Resources. Annual Progress Report, June 1, 1976--May 31, 1977 Author: Rock Mechanics & Explosives Research Center , University of Missouri- Rolla Year: 1977 Research was expanded to the drilling of crystalline rock. Advance rates of 40 inches per minute have been achieved at 16,000 psi, 10 gpm flow rate in a 30,000 psi compressive strength rock using the water alone as the drilling mechanism. The quality of the hole achieved as the jet drilled a variety of rock was found to vary and a hydromechanical drilling bit, combining high pressure water jets with roller cones, has been developed. A field drilling unit has been tested and modified to allow the drilling of holes to 3/sup 1///sub 2/ inch diameter using the hydromechanical drill. Preliminary work on the development of a cavitation test for rock is also included Title: Design of a Water Jet Drill for Development of Geothermal Resources. Annual Progress Report, June 1, 1976--May 31, 1977 Author: Rock Mechanics & Explosives Research Center , University of Missouri- Rolla Year: 1977 Research was expanded to the drilling of crystalline rock. Advance rates of 40 inches per minute have been achieved at 16,000 psi, 10 gpm flow rate in a 30,000 psi compressive strength rock using the water alone as the drilling mechanism. The quality of the hole achieved as the jet drilled a variety of rock was found to vary and a hydromechanical drilling bit, combining high pressure water jets with roller cones, has been developed. A field drilling unit has been tested and modified to allow the drilling of holes to 3/sup 1///sub 2/ inch diameter using the hydromechanical drill. Preliminary work on the development of a cavitation test for rock is also included Close

• 57. [Image] Hot Dry Rock Geothermal Energy Development Program: Annual Report, Fiscal Year 1986

  	Preparation, execution, and analysis of a 30-day Initial Closed-Loop Flow Test (ICFT) of the Phase II reservoir were the primary objectives of the Hot Dry Rock Program in fiscal year 1986. The ICFT successfully ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Hot Dry Rock Geothermal Energy Development Program: Annual Report, Fiscal Year 1986 Author: Dash, Z.V. Year: 1989 Preparation, execution, and analysis of a 30-day Initial Closed-Loop Flow Test (ICFT) of the Phase II reservoir were the primary objectives of the Hot Dry Rock Program in fiscal year 1986. The ICFT successfully tested the Phase II heat-extraction loop with the injection of 37,000 m/sup 3/ of cold water and production of 23,000 m/sup 3/ of hot water, extracting up to 10 MW/sub t/ when production reached 0.0139 m/sup 3//s at 192/degree/C. By the end of the test, water loss rate has decreased to 26% and a significant portion of the injected water had been recovered, 66% during the test and an additional 20% during subsequent venting. Geochemical, tracer, and seismic analyses suggest reservoir fracture volume was growing throughout the test. A new technique, the ''three-point'' method, was developed to determine locations and orientations of seismically active planes. Fault or joint planes are identified in what superficially appears to be an amorphous microearthquake location set. Five planes were determined when the three-point method was applied to a location data set for the massive hydraulic-fracturing experiment conducted in 1983. 23 refs., 19 figs., 3 tabs Title: Hot Dry Rock Geothermal Energy Development Program: Annual Report, Fiscal Year 1986 Author: Dash, Z.V. Year: 1989 Preparation, execution, and analysis of a 30-day Initial Closed-Loop Flow Test (ICFT) of the Phase II reservoir were the primary objectives of the Hot Dry Rock Program in fiscal year 1986. The ICFT successfully tested the Phase II heat-extraction loop with the injection of 37,000 m/sup 3/ of cold water and production of 23,000 m/sup 3/ of hot water, extracting up to 10 MW/sub t/ when production reached 0.0139 m/sup 3//s at 192/degree/C. By the end of the test, water loss rate has decreased to 26% and a significant portion of the injected water had been recovered, 66% during the test and an additional 20% during subsequent venting. Geochemical, tracer, and seismic analyses suggest reservoir fracture volume was growing throughout the test. A new technique, the ''three-point'' method, was developed to determine locations and orientations of seismically active planes. Fault or joint planes are identified in what superficially appears to be an amorphous microearthquake location set. Five planes were determined when the three-point method was applied to a location data set for the massive hydraulic-fracturing experiment conducted in 1983. 23 refs., 19 figs., 3 tabs Close

• 58. [Image] Hot Dry Rock Geothermal Energy Development Program: Annual Report, Fiscal Year 1987

  	During fiscal year 1987, emphasis in the Hot Dry Rock Geothermal Energy Development Program was on preparations for a " Long-Term Flow Test " of the "Phase II" or "Engineering" hot dry rock energy system ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Hot Dry Rock Geothermal Energy Development Program: Annual Report, Fiscal Year 1987 Author: Smith, M.C. Year: 1989 During fiscal year 1987, emphasis in the Hot Dry Rock Geothermal Energy Development Program was on preparations for a " Long-Term Flow Test " of the "Phase II" or "Engineering" hot dry rock energy system at Fenton Hill, New Mexico. A successful 30 day flow test of the system during FY86 indicated that such a system would produce heat at at temperature and rate that could support operation of a commercial electrical power plant. However, it did not answer certain questions basic to the economics of long-term operation, including the rate of depletion of the thermal reservoir, the rate of water loss from the system, and the possibility of operating problems during extended continuous operation. Preparations for a one year flow test of the system to answer these and more fundamental questions concerning hot dry rock systems were made in FY87: design of the required surface facilities; procurement and installation of some of their components; development and testing of slim line logging tools for use through small-diameter production tubing; research on temperature-sensitive reactive chemical tracers to monitor thermal depletion of the reservoir; and computer simulations of the 30-day test, extended to modeling the planned Long-Term Flow Test Title: Hot Dry Rock Geothermal Energy Development Program: Annual Report, Fiscal Year 1987 Author: Smith, M.C. Year: 1989 During fiscal year 1987, emphasis in the Hot Dry Rock Geothermal Energy Development Program was on preparations for a " Long-Term Flow Test " of the "Phase II" or "Engineering" hot dry rock energy system at Fenton Hill, New Mexico. A successful 30 day flow test of the system during FY86 indicated that such a system would produce heat at at temperature and rate that could support operation of a commercial electrical power plant. However, it did not answer certain questions basic to the economics of long-term operation, including the rate of depletion of the thermal reservoir, the rate of water loss from the system, and the possibility of operating problems during extended continuous operation. Preparations for a one year flow test of the system to answer these and more fundamental questions concerning hot dry rock systems were made in FY87: design of the required surface facilities; procurement and installation of some of their components; development and testing of slim line logging tools for use through small-diameter production tubing; research on temperature-sensitive reactive chemical tracers to monitor thermal depletion of the reservoir; and computer simulations of the 30-day test, extended to modeling the planned Long-Term Flow Test Close

• 59. [Image] Hydrology of Crater, East and Davis Lakes, Oregon

  	ill.; "With a section on chemistry of the lakes by A.S. Van Denburgh;" "Studies of water-budget balance in volcanic terranes for three lakes without surface outlets;" Includes bibliographical references ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Hydrology of Crater, East and Davis Lakes, Oregon Author: Phillips, Kenneth N., b. 1897 Year: 1968, 2008 ill.; "With a section on chemistry of the lakes by A.S. Van Denburgh;" "Studies of water-budget balance in volcanic terranes for three lakes without surface outlets;" Includes bibliographical references (p. 44-45) and index Title: Hydrology of Crater, East and Davis Lakes, Oregon Author: Phillips, Kenneth N., b. 1897 Year: 1968, 2008 ill.; "With a section on chemistry of the lakes by A.S. Van Denburgh;" "Studies of water-budget balance in volcanic terranes for three lakes without surface outlets;" Includes bibliographical references (p. 44-45) and index Close

• 60. [Image] Water-resources appraisal of Crater Lake National Park, Oregon

  	ill., maps; Includes bibliographical references;
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Water-resources appraisal of Crater Lake National Park, Oregon Author: Frank, F. J. Year: 1969, 2008 ill., maps; Includes bibliographical references; Title: Water-resources appraisal of Crater Lake National Park, Oregon Author: Frank, F. J. Year: 1969, 2008 ill., maps; Includes bibliographical references; Close

• 61. [Image] Temperatures of Springs in the vicinity of Crater Lake, Oregon in Relation to Air and Ground Temperatures

  	ill.; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 6-8)
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Temperatures of Springs in the vicinity of Crater Lake, Oregon in Relation to Air and Ground Temperatures Author: Nathenson, Manuel Year: 1990, 2008 ill.; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 6-8) Title: Temperatures of Springs in the vicinity of Crater Lake, Oregon in Relation to Air and Ground Temperatures Author: Nathenson, Manuel Year: 1990, 2008 ill.; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 6-8) Close

• 62. [Image] Volcano and earthquake hazards in the Crater Lake Region, Oregon: open file report 97-487

  	ill., maps; Folded map in back cover; Includes bibliographical references ( p. 27-30) and glossary; Report accompanied by: Volcano hazard zones, volcanic vents, faults in the Crater Lake Region, Oregon ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Volcano and earthquake hazards in the Crater Lake Region, Oregon: open file report 97-487 Author: Bacon, Charles R. Year: 1997, 2008 ill., maps; Folded map in back cover; Includes bibliographical references ( p. 27-30) and glossary; Report accompanied by: Volcano hazard zones, volcanic vents, faults in the Crater Lake Region, Oregon [map] Title: Volcano and earthquake hazards in the Crater Lake Region, Oregon: open file report 97-487 Author: Bacon, Charles R. Year: 1997, 2008 ill., maps; Folded map in back cover; Includes bibliographical references ( p. 27-30) and glossary; Report accompanied by: Volcano hazard zones, volcanic vents, faults in the Crater Lake Region, Oregon [map] Close

• 63. [Image] Ecology of streams of Crater Lake National Park

  	ill., maps; Final report to the U.S. Dept. of the Interior, National Park Service under cooperative agreement no. CA 9000-3-0003, subagreement no. 9.; "October 30, 1987.";
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Ecology of streams of Crater Lake National Park Author: Gregory, Stan Year: 1987, 2009 ill., maps; Final report to the U.S. Dept. of the Interior, National Park Service under cooperative agreement no. CA 9000-3-0003, subagreement no. 9.; "October 30, 1987."; Title: Ecology of streams of Crater Lake National Park Author: Gregory, Stan Year: 1987, 2009 ill., maps; Final report to the U.S. Dept. of the Interior, National Park Service under cooperative agreement no. CA 9000-3-0003, subagreement no. 9.; "October 30, 1987."; Close

• 64. [Image] A report on Crater Lake water quality: Crater Lake National Park, Oregon, 1982-1983

  	ill.; Report title; Includes appendices: Crater Lake Liminological Studies 1984 and 1985; "Robert E. Benton, Superintendent CLRA." - T.p.; Includes bibliographical references.
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: A report on Crater Lake water quality: Crater Lake National Park, Oregon, 1982-1983 Author: Benton, Robert E. Year: 1984, 2009 ill.; Report title; Includes appendices: Crater Lake Liminological Studies 1984 and 1985; "Robert E. Benton, Superintendent CLRA." - T.p.; Includes bibliographical references. Title: A report on Crater Lake water quality: Crater Lake National Park, Oregon, 1982-1983 Author: Benton, Robert E. Year: 1984, 2009 ill.; Report title; Includes appendices: Crater Lake Liminological Studies 1984 and 1985; "Robert E. Benton, Superintendent CLRA." - T.p.; Includes bibliographical references. Close

• 65. [Image] Crater Lake March 1991 peer review of research program and draft report on studies of hydrothermal processes in Crater Lake Oregon: a report of field studies conducted in 1989 for the National Park Service

  	Caption title; Includes bibliographical references
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Crater Lake March 1991 peer review of research program and draft report on studies of hydrothermal processes in Crater Lake Oregon: a report of field studies conducted in 1989 for the National Park Service Author: Goldman, Charles R. Year: 1991, 2009 Caption title; Includes bibliographical references Title: Crater Lake March 1991 peer review of research program and draft report on studies of hydrothermal processes in Crater Lake Oregon: a report of field studies conducted in 1989 for the National Park Service Author: Goldman, Charles R. Year: 1991, 2009 Caption title; Includes bibliographical references Close

• 66. [Image] Multicomponent chemical equilibrium modeling of the fluids and U-TH geochrnology of authigenic mineralization in geothermal systems

  	ill., maps; Typescript (photocopy); Presented to the Department of Geological Sciences and the Graduate School of the University of Oregon in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Multicomponent chemical equilibrium modeling of the fluids and U-TH geochrnology of authigenic mineralization in geothermal systems Author: Hull, Carter Dean Year: 1990, 2009 ill., maps; Typescript (photocopy); Presented to the Department of Geological Sciences and the Graduate School of the University of Oregon in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy; Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 1990; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 157-164) Title: Multicomponent chemical equilibrium modeling of the fluids and U-TH geochrnology of authigenic mineralization in geothermal systems Author: Hull, Carter Dean Year: 1990, 2009 ill., maps; Typescript (photocopy); Presented to the Department of Geological Sciences and the Graduate School of the University of Oregon in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy; Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 1990; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 157-164) Close

• 67. [Image] Annie Spring flow response to long-term drought and municipal water use trends at Crater Lake National Park

  	ill.; Report title
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Annie Spring flow response to long-term drought and municipal water use trends at Crater Lake National Park Author: Buktenica, M. W., (Mark W.) Year: 1993, 2009 ill.; Report title Title: Annie Spring flow response to long-term drought and municipal water use trends at Crater Lake National Park Author: Buktenica, M. W., (Mark W.) Year: 1993, 2009 ill.; Report title Close

• 68. [Image] Biofuels and internal combustion engine options for tour boats on Crater Lake

  	ill.; Thesis (M.S.M.E.)--University of Washington, 2000; Includes bibliographical references (p. 321-339)
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Biofuels and internal combustion engine options for tour boats on Crater Lake Author: O'Keefe, Michael Patrick Year: 2000, 2009 ill.; Thesis (M.S.M.E.)--University of Washington, 2000; Includes bibliographical references (p. 321-339) Title: Biofuels and internal combustion engine options for tour boats on Crater Lake Author: O'Keefe, Michael Patrick Year: 2000, 2009 ill.; Thesis (M.S.M.E.)--University of Washington, 2000; Includes bibliographical references (p. 321-339) Close

• 69. [Image] Map of Crater Lake National Park area, showing geology, stream, and spring-site numbers, and locations of test wells

  	1 map: col.; Relief shown by contours and spot height. Depths shown by contours and soundings; Shows Crater Lake and the Mount Mazama region; Base map: U.S. Geological Survey 1:62,500 special series Crater ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Map of Crater Lake National Park area, showing geology, stream, and spring-site numbers, and locations of test wells Author: Frank, F. J. Year: 1969, 2008, 2009 1 map: col.; Relief shown by contours and spot height. Depths shown by contours and soundings; Shows Crater Lake and the Mount Mazama region; Base map: U.S. Geological Survey 1:62,500 special series Crater Lake National Park and vicinity, Oregon, 1956. Base map title located lower left of map; "Geology after Williams, 1942. GPO 996-245."; In upper right corner: "Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service."; Explanation: airborne and flow pumice, lavas, pyroclastic rocks, and cinder cones, pre-Mazama lavas, location of the test well and areas discussed in text are clearly marked by F.J. Frank and A.B. Harris; Map accompanies open-file report: Water-resources appraisal of Crater Lake National Park, Oregon and Geological Survey water-supply paper: Hydrology of Crater, East and Davis Lakes, Oregon; Hydrology of Crater, East and Davis Lakes, Oregon, an Oregon Geological Survey water-supply paper accompanies: Water-resources appraisal of Crater Lake National Park, Oregon Title: Map of Crater Lake National Park area, showing geology, stream, and spring-site numbers, and locations of test wells Author: Frank, F. J. Year: 1969, 2008, 2009 1 map: col.; Relief shown by contours and spot height. Depths shown by contours and soundings; Shows Crater Lake and the Mount Mazama region; Base map: U.S. Geological Survey 1:62,500 special series Crater Lake National Park and vicinity, Oregon, 1956. Base map title located lower left of map; "Geology after Williams, 1942. GPO 996-245."; In upper right corner: "Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service."; Explanation: airborne and flow pumice, lavas, pyroclastic rocks, and cinder cones, pre-Mazama lavas, location of the test well and areas discussed in text are clearly marked by F.J. Frank and A.B. Harris; Map accompanies open-file report: Water-resources appraisal of Crater Lake National Park, Oregon and Geological Survey water-supply paper: Hydrology of Crater, East and Davis Lakes, Oregon; Hydrology of Crater, East and Davis Lakes, Oregon, an Oregon Geological Survey water-supply paper accompanies: Water-resources appraisal of Crater Lake National Park, Oregon Close

• 70. [Image] Industry Participation in DOE-Sponsored Geopressured Geothermal Resource Development

  	The Salt Water Disposal Study reviewed subsurface salt water disposal experience on the Texas and Louisiana Gulf Coast. This preliminary study concluded that subsurface brine disposal should be possible ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Industry Participation in DOE-Sponsored Geopressured Geothermal Resource Development Author: Coffer, H. F Year: 1979 The Salt Water Disposal Study reviewed subsurface salt water disposal experience on the Texas and Louisiana Gulf Coast. This preliminary study concluded that subsurface brine disposal should be possible in the areas of interest with adequate evaluation of the geology of each area and a well designed and constructed surface and subsurface facility. The industry survey indicated general satisfactory with the technical design of the resource evaluation program but felt the program should be moving faster. Excellent communication with industry had been maintained through the forum meetings and the status reports Title: Industry Participation in DOE-Sponsored Geopressured Geothermal Resource Development Author: Coffer, H. F Year: 1979 The Salt Water Disposal Study reviewed subsurface salt water disposal experience on the Texas and Louisiana Gulf Coast. This preliminary study concluded that subsurface brine disposal should be possible in the areas of interest with adequate evaluation of the geology of each area and a well designed and constructed surface and subsurface facility. The industry survey indicated general satisfactory with the technical design of the resource evaluation program but felt the program should be moving faster. Excellent communication with industry had been maintained through the forum meetings and the status reports Close

• 71. [Image] Initial Investigation of Soil Mercury Geochemistry as an Aid to Drill Site Selection in Geothermal Systems

  	A mercury-in-soil survey was conducted at the Roosevelt Hot Springs Known Geothermal Resource Area (KGRA), Utah, to evaluate mercury soil geochemistry as a method of selecting exploration well sites in ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Initial Investigation of Soil Mercury Geochemistry as an Aid to Drill Site Selection in Geothermal Systems Author: Capuano, R.M. Year: 1978 A mercury-in-soil survey was conducted at the Roosevelt Hot Springs Known Geothermal Resource Area (KGRA), Utah, to evaluate mercury soil geochemistry as a method of selecting exploration well sites in a hot-water geothermal system. Samples of -80 mesh soil were collected at 30.5 m intervals along traverses crossing known structures, surficial geothermal alteration, and exploration well sites, and were analyzed using a Gold Film Mercury Detector. Strong mercury anomalies occur at locations along known structures in close proximity to subsurface thermal activity; examples include areas over hot spring deposits and near a shallow producing well. In contrast, background mercury concentrations are present in nearby locations with little or no indication of subsurface thermal activity, such as areas around deep marginal producing wells and dry wells, and areas lacking hot spring deposits. These results indicate that mercury geochemical surveys can be useful for identifying and mapping structures controlling fluid flow in geothermal systems and for delineating areas overlying near-surface thermal activity. Soil mercury geochemistry thus provides information which may aid in the cost-effective selection of exploratory well sites Title: Initial Investigation of Soil Mercury Geochemistry as an Aid to Drill Site Selection in Geothermal Systems Author: Capuano, R.M. Year: 1978 A mercury-in-soil survey was conducted at the Roosevelt Hot Springs Known Geothermal Resource Area (KGRA), Utah, to evaluate mercury soil geochemistry as a method of selecting exploration well sites in a hot-water geothermal system. Samples of -80 mesh soil were collected at 30.5 m intervals along traverses crossing known structures, surficial geothermal alteration, and exploration well sites, and were analyzed using a Gold Film Mercury Detector. Strong mercury anomalies occur at locations along known structures in close proximity to subsurface thermal activity; examples include areas over hot spring deposits and near a shallow producing well. In contrast, background mercury concentrations are present in nearby locations with little or no indication of subsurface thermal activity, such as areas around deep marginal producing wells and dry wells, and areas lacking hot spring deposits. These results indicate that mercury geochemical surveys can be useful for identifying and mapping structures controlling fluid flow in geothermal systems and for delineating areas overlying near-surface thermal activity. Soil mercury geochemistry thus provides information which may aid in the cost-effective selection of exploratory well sites Close

• 72. [Image] Geothermal Investigations in Idaho. Part 8. Heat Flow Study of the Snake River Plain Region, Idaho

  	The Snake River Plain of Idaho has recent lava flows and a large number of thermal springs and wells. A heat flow study was initiated which, together with available geological and geophysical information, ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Geothermal Investigations in Idaho. Part 8. Heat Flow Study of the Snake River Plain Region, Idaho Author: Brott, C.A. Year: 1976 The Snake River Plain of Idaho has recent lava flows and a large number of thermal springs and wells. A heat flow study was initiated which, together with available geological and geophysical information, allows a better definition of the geothermal resource and evaluation of the geothermal potential. Local geothermal anomalies were not the objects of this study and have not been studied in detail. The quality of the heat flow values obtained varies as interpretation was necessary to determine geothermal gradients for many of the holes which had disturbances. A major problem in determining the heat flow values is the lack of knowledge of the in situ porosity of the rocks. The heat flow values obtained for the Eastern Snake River Plain are from shallow wells (< 200 m), hence the heat flow there is low (< 0.5 HFU) because of the water movement in the Snake Plain aquifer. The anomalous regional heat flow pattern around the Snake River Plain, together with other geophysical and geological data, suggest the presence of a major crustal heat source. With the exception of the area of the Snake Plain aquifer, high geothermal gradients were found in all areas of southern Idaho (40 to 100/sup 0/C/km). Temperatures hot enough for space heating can be found most anywhere in the Plain at relatively shallow depths (1 to 2 km). Temperatures hot enough for electrical power generation (200/sup 0/C) can be found beneath southern Idaho almost anywhere at depths of 3 to 4 kilometers. The Plain is fault bounded and hot water circulating along the fault zones from depths can be a very important geothermal resource at shallow depths. The margins of the Plain have the highest heat flow values, are the most faulted, and have possibly the highest geothermal resource potential Title: Geothermal Investigations in Idaho. Part 8. Heat Flow Study of the Snake River Plain Region, Idaho Author: Brott, C.A. Year: 1976 The Snake River Plain of Idaho has recent lava flows and a large number of thermal springs and wells. A heat flow study was initiated which, together with available geological and geophysical information, allows a better definition of the geothermal resource and evaluation of the geothermal potential. Local geothermal anomalies were not the objects of this study and have not been studied in detail. The quality of the heat flow values obtained varies as interpretation was necessary to determine geothermal gradients for many of the holes which had disturbances. A major problem in determining the heat flow values is the lack of knowledge of the in situ porosity of the rocks. The heat flow values obtained for the Eastern Snake River Plain are from shallow wells (< 200 m), hence the heat flow there is low (< 0.5 HFU) because of the water movement in the Snake Plain aquifer. The anomalous regional heat flow pattern around the Snake River Plain, together with other geophysical and geological data, suggest the presence of a major crustal heat source. With the exception of the area of the Snake Plain aquifer, high geothermal gradients were found in all areas of southern Idaho (40 to 100/sup 0/C/km). Temperatures hot enough for space heating can be found most anywhere in the Plain at relatively shallow depths (1 to 2 km). Temperatures hot enough for electrical power generation (200/sup 0/C) can be found beneath southern Idaho almost anywhere at depths of 3 to 4 kilometers. The Plain is fault bounded and hot water circulating along the fault zones from depths can be a very important geothermal resource at shallow depths. The margins of the Plain have the highest heat flow values, are the most faulted, and have possibly the highest geothermal resource potential Close

• 73. [Image] Feasibility of a Geothermal Heating System for Oakridge, Oregon

  	Geological and geophysical data indicate that Oakridge is underlain by geothermal waters. The strongest evidence is from the geothermal gradient, the increase of temperature with depth, in a 400' well ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Feasibility of a Geothermal Heating System for Oakridge, Oregon Author: Bowen, R.C. Year: 1979 Geological and geophysical data indicate that Oakridge is underlain by geothermal waters. The strongest evidence is from the geothermal gradient, the increase of temperature with depth, in a 400' well on the south edge of the City. Although this well shows signs of disturbance by ground water, the geothermal gradient appears to be similar to the gradient from a well near McCredie Hot Springs seven miles to the east. Additional evidence is a salt spring, just south of the City, that may represent a fossil geothermal system that has become sealed and is no longer flowing hot water. A third line of direct evidence is the presence of a warm spring about three miles southeast of the City that is now covered by Hills Creek Reservoir. Indirect geophysical evidence is a high gravity gradient from west to east near Oakridge. This gradient relates closely to the region of increasing geothermal gradient and heat flow of the Cascade Geothermal Anomaly. Indications of intersection of regional fault patterns could provide the subsurface fracturing and permeability necessary for a geothermal reservoir. The results of this study indicate that water sufficiently hot to be useful can be located by drilling to depths of three to four thousand feet at Oakridge. Three sites are proposed for shallow geothermal gradient holes to test the proposed model. Title: Feasibility of a Geothermal Heating System for Oakridge, Oregon Author: Bowen, R.C. Year: 1979 Geological and geophysical data indicate that Oakridge is underlain by geothermal waters. The strongest evidence is from the geothermal gradient, the increase of temperature with depth, in a 400' well on the south edge of the City. Although this well shows signs of disturbance by ground water, the geothermal gradient appears to be similar to the gradient from a well near McCredie Hot Springs seven miles to the east. Additional evidence is a salt spring, just south of the City, that may represent a fossil geothermal system that has become sealed and is no longer flowing hot water. A third line of direct evidence is the presence of a warm spring about three miles southeast of the City that is now covered by Hills Creek Reservoir. Indirect geophysical evidence is a high gravity gradient from west to east near Oakridge. This gradient relates closely to the region of increasing geothermal gradient and heat flow of the Cascade Geothermal Anomaly. Indications of intersection of regional fault patterns could provide the subsurface fracturing and permeability necessary for a geothermal reservoir. The results of this study indicate that water sufficiently hot to be useful can be located by drilling to depths of three to four thousand feet at Oakridge. Three sites are proposed for shallow geothermal gradient holes to test the proposed model. Close

• 74. [Image] Potential Growth of Electric Power Production from Imperial Valley Geothermal Resources

  	The growth of geothermal electric power operations in Imperial Valley, California is projected over the next 40 years. With commercial power forecast to become available in the 1980's, the scenario considers ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Potential Growth of Electric Power Production from Imperial Valley Geothermal Resources Author: Ermak, D.L. Year: 1977 The growth of geothermal electric power operations in Imperial Valley, California is projected over the next 40 years. With commercial power forecast to become available in the 1980's, the scenario considers three subsequent growth rates: 40, 100, and 250 MW per year. These growth rates, along with estimates of the total resource size, result in a maximum level of electric power production ranging from 1000 to 8000 MW to be attained in the 2010 to 2020 time period. Power plant siting constraints are developed and used to make siting patterns for the 400- through 8000-MW level of power production. Two geothermal technologies are included in the scenario: flashed steam systems that produce cooling water from the geothermal steam condensate and emit noncondensable gases to the atmosphere; and high pressure, confined flow systems that inject the geothermal fluid back into the ground. An analysis of the scenario is made with regard to well drilling and power plant construction rates, land use, cooling water requirements, and hydrogen sulfide emissions Title: Potential Growth of Electric Power Production from Imperial Valley Geothermal Resources Author: Ermak, D.L. Year: 1977 The growth of geothermal electric power operations in Imperial Valley, California is projected over the next 40 years. With commercial power forecast to become available in the 1980's, the scenario considers three subsequent growth rates: 40, 100, and 250 MW per year. These growth rates, along with estimates of the total resource size, result in a maximum level of electric power production ranging from 1000 to 8000 MW to be attained in the 2010 to 2020 time period. Power plant siting constraints are developed and used to make siting patterns for the 400- through 8000-MW level of power production. Two geothermal technologies are included in the scenario: flashed steam systems that produce cooling water from the geothermal steam condensate and emit noncondensable gases to the atmosphere; and high pressure, confined flow systems that inject the geothermal fluid back into the ground. An analysis of the scenario is made with regard to well drilling and power plant construction rates, land use, cooling water requirements, and hydrogen sulfide emissions Close

• 75. [Image] Modeling Heat and Mass Transfer at the Mesa Geothermal Anomaly, Imperial Valley, California. Final Project Report

  	The geothermal reservoir modeling effort at the University of Colorado is reviewed briefly. Technical accomplishments during the final funding period 1 April 1978 to 30 November 1978 are described. It ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Modeling Heat and Mass Transfer at the Mesa Geothermal Anomaly, Imperial Valley, California. Final Project Report Author: Kassoy, D.R. Year: 1979 The geothermal reservoir modeling effort at the University of Colorado is reviewed briefly. Technical accomplishments during the final funding period 1 April 1978 to 30 November 1978 are described. It is concluded that a physically viable mathematical model of an unexploited geothermal system can be constructed in terms of the fault zone controlled charging of the thermally active section of a reservoir Title: Modeling Heat and Mass Transfer at the Mesa Geothermal Anomaly, Imperial Valley, California. Final Project Report Author: Kassoy, D.R. Year: 1979 The geothermal reservoir modeling effort at the University of Colorado is reviewed briefly. Technical accomplishments during the final funding period 1 April 1978 to 30 November 1978 are described. It is concluded that a physically viable mathematical model of an unexploited geothermal system can be constructed in terms of the fault zone controlled charging of the thermally active section of a reservoir Close

• 76. [Image] Projections for Hydrothermal Direct-Heat Systems, Market Shares Estimation, Task Force Report

  	This document represents the efforts of a team of DOE officials and six non-government organizations. Their objective critique led to very beneficial changes in the methodology for analysis
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Projections for Hydrothermal Direct-Heat Systems, Market Shares Estimation, Task Force Report Author: Engineering and Economics Research, Inc.; Technecon Analytic Research; University of Utah Research Institute; EG&G, Idaho, Inc.; New Mexico Energy Institute; Western Energy Planners, LTD. Year: 1980 This document represents the efforts of a team of DOE officials and six non-government organizations. Their objective critique led to very beneficial changes in the methodology for analysis Title: Projections for Hydrothermal Direct-Heat Systems, Market Shares Estimation, Task Force Report Author: Engineering and Economics Research, Inc.; Technecon Analytic Research; University of Utah Research Institute; EG&G, Idaho, Inc.; New Mexico Energy Institute; Western Energy Planners, LTD. Year: 1980 This document represents the efforts of a team of DOE officials and six non-government organizations. Their objective critique led to very beneficial changes in the methodology for analysis Close

• 77. [Image] Evaulation of the Makushin Geothermal Reservoir, Unalaska Island

  	Analysis of an extended flow test of well ST-1 on the flanks of Makushin Volcano indicates an extensive, water-dominated, naturally fractured reservoir. The reservoir appears to be capable of delivering ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Evaulation of the Makushin Geothermal Reservoir, Unalaska Island Author: Economides, M. J. Year: 1984 Analysis of an extended flow test of well ST-1 on the flanks of Makushin Volcano indicates an extensive, water-dominated, naturally fractured reservoir. The reservoir appears to be capable of delivering extremely large flows when tapped by full-size production wells. A productivity index in excess of 30,000 lb/hr/psi implies a phenomenal permeability-thickness product Title: Evaulation of the Makushin Geothermal Reservoir, Unalaska Island Author: Economides, M. J. Year: 1984 Analysis of an extended flow test of well ST-1 on the flanks of Makushin Volcano indicates an extensive, water-dominated, naturally fractured reservoir. The reservoir appears to be capable of delivering extremely large flows when tapped by full-size production wells. A productivity index in excess of 30,000 lb/hr/psi implies a phenomenal permeability-thickness product Close

• 78. [Image] Test Drilling at Soldier Creek, Rosebud Indian Reservation, Todd County, South Dakota

  	Thirty-six test holes were augered by the U.S. Geological Survey in the vicinity of Soldier Creek, Rosebud Indian Reservation, Todd County, South Dakota. Wells producing more than 5 gallons per minute ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Test Drilling at Soldier Creek, Rosebud Indian Reservation, Todd County, South Dakota Author: Adolphson, D. G. Year: 1975 Thirty-six test holes were augered by the U.S. Geological Survey in the vicinity of Soldier Creek, Rosebud Indian Reservation, Todd County, South Dakota. Wells producing more than 5 gallons per minute (0.32 liter per second) from the Tertiary deposits are rare. However, as much as 20 feet (6.1 meters) of permeable alluvial deposits were penetrated in several test holes. One test well was pumped for 2 hours at a rate of 10 gallons per minute (0.63 liter per second) Title: Test Drilling at Soldier Creek, Rosebud Indian Reservation, Todd County, South Dakota Author: Adolphson, D. G. Year: 1975 Thirty-six test holes were augered by the U.S. Geological Survey in the vicinity of Soldier Creek, Rosebud Indian Reservation, Todd County, South Dakota. Wells producing more than 5 gallons per minute (0.32 liter per second) from the Tertiary deposits are rare. However, as much as 20 feet (6.1 meters) of permeable alluvial deposits were penetrated in several test holes. One test well was pumped for 2 hours at a rate of 10 gallons per minute (0.63 liter per second) Close

• 79. [Image] Klamath Falls Geothermal Heating System: Data from Four Months of Testing

  	This data report includes graphs of water levels measured in 16 wells, temperature measurement in 8 wells, 14 system operation points taken on a 2, 4, and 8 hour time schedule, BTU usage as measured to ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Klamath Falls Geothermal Heating System: Data from Four Months of Testing Author: Gerety, T. Year: 1984 This data report includes graphs of water levels measured in 16 wells, temperature measurement in 8 wells, 14 system operation points taken on a 2, 4, and 8 hour time schedule, BTU usage as measured to each building, BTU estimates from operation data, daily air temperatures, storm sewer discharge flow, historical well development and other collected information Title: Klamath Falls Geothermal Heating System: Data from Four Months of Testing Author: Gerety, T. Year: 1984 This data report includes graphs of water levels measured in 16 wells, temperature measurement in 8 wells, 14 system operation points taken on a 2, 4, and 8 hour time schedule, BTU usage as measured to each building, BTU estimates from operation data, daily air temperatures, storm sewer discharge flow, historical well development and other collected information Close

• 80. [Image] Sweet Lake Geopressured-Geothermal Project, Magma Gulf-Technadril/DOE Amoco FEE Volume II: Surface Installations Reservoir Testing; Annual Report for the Period February 28, 1981-February 10, 1982

  	The Magma Gulf-Technadril/Department of Energy Amoco Fee # 1 (production) and salt water disposal wells were drilled in the period from August, 1980 to February 1981. Surface facilities were designed and ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Sweet Lake Geopressured-Geothermal Project, Magma Gulf-Technadril/DOE Amoco FEE Volume II: Surface Installations Reservoir Testing; Annual Report for the Period February 28, 1981-February 10, 1982 Author: Hoffman, K. S. (ed.) Year: 1982 The Magma Gulf-Technadril/Department of Energy Amoco Fee # 1 (production) and salt water disposal wells were drilled in the period from August, 1980 to February 1981. Surface facilities were designed and constructed during March-June 1981. Flow testing began in June 1981 and continued until February, 1982 Title: Sweet Lake Geopressured-Geothermal Project, Magma Gulf-Technadril/DOE Amoco FEE Volume II: Surface Installations Reservoir Testing; Annual Report for the Period February 28, 1981-February 10, 1982 Author: Hoffman, K. S. (ed.) Year: 1982 The Magma Gulf-Technadril/Department of Energy Amoco Fee # 1 (production) and salt water disposal wells were drilled in the period from August, 1980 to February 1981. Surface facilities were designed and constructed during March-June 1981. Flow testing began in June 1981 and continued until February, 1982 Close

• 81. [Image] Geological and Geophysical Analysis of Coso Geothermal Exploration Hole No. 1 (CGEH-1), Coso Hot Springs KGRA, California

  	The Coso Geothermal Exploration Hole number one (CGEH-1) was drilled in the Coso Hot Springs KGRA, California from September 2 to December 2, 1977. Chip samples were collected at ten foot intervals and ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Geological and Geophysical Analysis of Coso Geothermal Exploration Hole No. 1 (CGEH-1), Coso Hot Springs KGRA, California Author: Galbraith, R.M. Year: 1978 The Coso Geothermal Exploration Hole number one (CGEH-1) was drilled in the Coso Hot Springs KGRA, California from September 2 to December 2, 1977. Chip samples were collected at ten foot intervals and extensive geophysical logging surveys were conducted to document the geologic character of the geothermal system as penetrated by CGEH-1. The major rock units encountered include a mafic metamorphic sequence and a leucogranite which intruded the metamorphic rocks. Only weak hydrothermal alteration was noted in these rocks. Drillhole surveys and drilling rate data indicate that the geothermal system is structurally controlled and that the drillhole itself was strongly influenced by structural zones. Water chemistry indicates that this geothermal resource is a hot-water rather than a vapor-dominated system. Several geophysical logs were employed to characterize the drillhole geology. The natural gamma and neutron porosity logs indicate gross rock type and the acoustic logs indicate fractured rock and potentially permeable zones. A series of temperature logs run as a function of time during and after the completion of Drilling were most Useful in delineating the zones of maximum heat flux. Convective heat flow and temperatures greater than 350/sup 0/F appear to occur only along an open fracture system encountered between depths of 1850 and 2775 feet. Temperature logs indicate a negative thermal gradient below 3000 feet Title: Geological and Geophysical Analysis of Coso Geothermal Exploration Hole No. 1 (CGEH-1), Coso Hot Springs KGRA, California Author: Galbraith, R.M. Year: 1978 The Coso Geothermal Exploration Hole number one (CGEH-1) was drilled in the Coso Hot Springs KGRA, California from September 2 to December 2, 1977. Chip samples were collected at ten foot intervals and extensive geophysical logging surveys were conducted to document the geologic character of the geothermal system as penetrated by CGEH-1. The major rock units encountered include a mafic metamorphic sequence and a leucogranite which intruded the metamorphic rocks. Only weak hydrothermal alteration was noted in these rocks. Drillhole surveys and drilling rate data indicate that the geothermal system is structurally controlled and that the drillhole itself was strongly influenced by structural zones. Water chemistry indicates that this geothermal resource is a hot-water rather than a vapor-dominated system. Several geophysical logs were employed to characterize the drillhole geology. The natural gamma and neutron porosity logs indicate gross rock type and the acoustic logs indicate fractured rock and potentially permeable zones. A series of temperature logs run as a function of time during and after the completion of Drilling were most Useful in delineating the zones of maximum heat flux. Convective heat flow and temperatures greater than 350/sup 0/F appear to occur only along an open fracture system encountered between depths of 1850 and 2775 feet. Temperature logs indicate a negative thermal gradient below 3000 feet Close

• 82. [Image] Thermal Fracture Effects in Geothermal Energy Extraction

  	Heat and water exchange between the primary crack and a lateral thermal fracture are analyzed by means of numerical modeling on a high-speed computer. Three-dimensional heat flow in the rock is coupled ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Thermal Fracture Effects in Geothermal Energy Extraction Author: Demuth, R.B. Year: 1979 Heat and water exchange between the primary crack and a lateral thermal fracture are analyzed by means of numerical modeling on a high-speed computer. Three-dimensional heat flow in the rock is coupled to a two-dimensional approximation for the time-varying convective patterns that result from both forced flow and buoyancy. The physical and mathematical bases for the study are described together with the numerical technique for solution. The report includes listing of three versions of the computer code and some results of representative calculations Title: Thermal Fracture Effects in Geothermal Energy Extraction Author: Demuth, R.B. Year: 1979 Heat and water exchange between the primary crack and a lateral thermal fracture are analyzed by means of numerical modeling on a high-speed computer. Three-dimensional heat flow in the rock is coupled to a two-dimensional approximation for the time-varying convective patterns that result from both forced flow and buoyancy. The physical and mathematical bases for the study are described together with the numerical technique for solution. The report includes listing of three versions of the computer code and some results of representative calculations Close

• 83. [Image] Geologic Interpretation of the Geothermal Potential of the North Bonneville Area

  	Possible geothermal development for the township of North Bonneville, Washington is being investigated because of the proximity of the town to hot springs in a geologic province of good geothermal potential. ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Geologic Interpretation of the Geothermal Potential of the North Bonneville Area Author: Nielson, D.L. Year: 1980 Possible geothermal development for the township of North Bonneville, Washington is being investigated because of the proximity of the town to hot springs in a geologic province of good geothermal potential. Surface expression of geothermal resources is provided by conduits through an impermeable reservoir cap and is therefore generally structurally controlled. Near North Bonneville the geologic formations that underlie potential drilling sites are the Eagle Creek formation and the Ohanpecosh Formation. The Lower Miocene Eagle Creek Formation is composed of poorly consolidated volcanic conglomerates, sandstOnes, tuffs, and includes a few minor interbedded lava flows. The Eocene-Oligiocene Ohanapecosh (Weigle) Formation in its nearest exposures to North Bonneville is composed of Volcaniclastics and lava flows. The Ohanapecosh has been altered to zeolites and clays and is therefore Well consolidated and impermeable. The lack of permeability provides the necessary reservoir cap for any geothermal system that may be present at depth. This formation, to the northeast, in the Wind River drainage is greater than 19,000 ft. thick. Circulation of geothermal heated water from this thick sequence of impermeable strata must be associated with penetrating fracture zones Title: Geologic Interpretation of the Geothermal Potential of the North Bonneville Area Author: Nielson, D.L. Year: 1980 Possible geothermal development for the township of North Bonneville, Washington is being investigated because of the proximity of the town to hot springs in a geologic province of good geothermal potential. Surface expression of geothermal resources is provided by conduits through an impermeable reservoir cap and is therefore generally structurally controlled. Near North Bonneville the geologic formations that underlie potential drilling sites are the Eagle Creek formation and the Ohanpecosh Formation. The Lower Miocene Eagle Creek Formation is composed of poorly consolidated volcanic conglomerates, sandstOnes, tuffs, and includes a few minor interbedded lava flows. The Eocene-Oligiocene Ohanapecosh (Weigle) Formation in its nearest exposures to North Bonneville is composed of Volcaniclastics and lava flows. The Ohanapecosh has been altered to zeolites and clays and is therefore Well consolidated and impermeable. The lack of permeability provides the necessary reservoir cap for any geothermal system that may be present at depth. This formation, to the northeast, in the Wind River drainage is greater than 19,000 ft. thick. Circulation of geothermal heated water from this thick sequence of impermeable strata must be associated with penetrating fracture zones Close

• 84. [Image] Geothermal Progress Monitor: Report No. 17, December 1995

  	DOE is particularly concerned with reducing the costs of geothermal power generation, especially with the abundant moderate to low-temperature resources in the US. This concern is reflected in DOE`s support ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Geothermal Progress Monitor: Report No. 17, December 1995 Author: Assistant Secretary for Energy and Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Geothermal Division Year: 1995 DOE is particularly concerned with reducing the costs of geothermal power generation, especially with the abundant moderate to low-temperature resources in the US. This concern is reflected in DOE`s support of a number of energy conversion projects. Projects which focus on the costs and performance of binary cycle technology include a commercial demonstration of supersaturated turbine expansions, which earlier Studies have indicated could increase the power produced per pound of fluid. Other binary cycle projects include evaluations of the performance of various working fluid mixtures and the development and testing of advanced heat rejection systems which are desperately needed in water-short geothermal areas. DOE is also investigating the applicability of flash steam technology to low-temperature resources, as an economic alternative to binary cycle systems. A low-cost, low-pressure steam turbine, selected for a grant, will be constructed to utilize fluid discharged from a flash steam plant in Nevada. Another project addresses the efficiency of high-temperature flash plants with a demonstration of the performance of the Biphase turbine which may increase the power output of such installations with no increase in fluid flow. Perhaps the most noteworthy feature of this issue of the GPM, the 17th since its inception in 1980, is the high degree of industry participation in federally-sponsored geothermal research and development. This report describes geothermal development activities Title: Geothermal Progress Monitor: Report No. 17, December 1995 Author: Assistant Secretary for Energy and Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Geothermal Division Year: 1995 DOE is particularly concerned with reducing the costs of geothermal power generation, especially with the abundant moderate to low-temperature resources in the US. This concern is reflected in DOE`s support of a number of energy conversion projects. Projects which focus on the costs and performance of binary cycle technology include a commercial demonstration of supersaturated turbine expansions, which earlier Studies have indicated could increase the power produced per pound of fluid. Other binary cycle projects include evaluations of the performance of various working fluid mixtures and the development and testing of advanced heat rejection systems which are desperately needed in water-short geothermal areas. DOE is also investigating the applicability of flash steam technology to low-temperature resources, as an economic alternative to binary cycle systems. A low-cost, low-pressure steam turbine, selected for a grant, will be constructed to utilize fluid discharged from a flash steam plant in Nevada. Another project addresses the efficiency of high-temperature flash plants with a demonstration of the performance of the Biphase turbine which may increase the power output of such installations with no increase in fluid flow. Perhaps the most noteworthy feature of this issue of the GPM, the 17th since its inception in 1980, is the high degree of industry participation in federally-sponsored geothermal research and development. This report describes geothermal development activities Close

• 85. [Image] 1981 Comprehensive Plan of the City of Walla Walla, WA

  	The purpose of the Comprehensive Plan is to provide the City of Walla Walla with an official public document which encourages orderly development of residential, commercial, industrial, and public properties ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: 1981 Comprehensive Plan of the City of Walla Walla, WA Author: City of Walla Walla Planning Commission Year: 1981 The purpose of the Comprehensive Plan is to provide the City of Walla Walla with an official public document which encourages orderly development of residential, commercial, industrial, and public properties and discourages incompatible land uses. The Plan is not an ordinance. It is only a guide for decisions. As such, it is an ever-changing document within which the overall balance and harmony of the different elements of the community are brought together over the years Title: 1981 Comprehensive Plan of the City of Walla Walla, WA Author: City of Walla Walla Planning Commission Year: 1981 The purpose of the Comprehensive Plan is to provide the City of Walla Walla with an official public document which encourages orderly development of residential, commercial, industrial, and public properties and discourages incompatible land uses. The Plan is not an ordinance. It is only a guide for decisions. As such, it is an ever-changing document within which the overall balance and harmony of the different elements of the community are brought together over the years Close

• 86. [Image] Geothermal Environmental Impact Assessment: Subsurface Environmental Assessment for Four Geothermal Systems

  	Geothermal systems are described for Imperial Valley and The Geysers, California; Klamath Falls, Oregon; and the Rio Grande Rift Zone, New Mexico; including information on location, area, depth, temperature, ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Geothermal Environmental Impact Assessment: Subsurface Environmental Assessment for Four Geothermal Systems Author: Geonomics, Inc. Year: 1978 Geothermal systems are described for Imperial Valley and The Geysers, California; Klamath Falls, Oregon; and the Rio Grande Rift Zone, New Mexico; including information on location, area, depth, temperature, fluid phase and composition, resource base and status of development. The subsurface environmental assessment evaluates potential groundwater degradation, seismicity and subsidence. A general discussion on geothermal systems, pollution potential, chemical characteristics of geothermal fluids and environmental effects of geothermal water pollutants is presented as background material. For the Imperial Valley, all publicly available water quality and location data for geothermal and nongeothermal wells in and near the East Mesa, Salton Sea, Heber, Brawley, Dunes and Glamis KGRAs have been compiled and plotted. The geothermal fluids which will be reinjected range in salinity from a few thousand to more than a quarter million ppm. Although Imperial Valley is a major agricultural center, groundwater use in and near most of these KGRAs is minimal. Extensive seismicity and subsidence monitoring networks have been established in this area of high natural seismicity and subsidence. The vapor-dominated geysers geothermal field is the largest electricity producer in the world. Groundwater in this mountainous region flows with poor hydraulic continuity in fractured rock. Ground and surface water quality is generally good, but high boron concentrations in hot springs and geothermal effluents is of significant concern; however, spent condensate is reinjected. High microearthquake activity is noted around the geothermal reservoir and potential subsidence effects are considered minimal. In Klamath Falls, geothermal fluids up to 113 C (235 F) are used for space heating, mostly through downhole heat exchangers with only minor, relatively benign, geothermal fluid being produced at the surface. Seismicity is low and is not expected to increase. Subsidence is not recognized. Of all geothermal occurrences in the Rio Grande Rift, the Valles Caldera is currently of primary interest. injection of geothermal effluent from hydrothermal production Wells should remove any hydrologic hazard due to some potentially noxious constituents. Waters circulating in the LASL Hot Dry Rock experiment are potable. Seismic effects are expected to be minimal. Subsidence effects could develop Title: Geothermal Environmental Impact Assessment: Subsurface Environmental Assessment for Four Geothermal Systems Author: Geonomics, Inc. Year: 1978 Geothermal systems are described for Imperial Valley and The Geysers, California; Klamath Falls, Oregon; and the Rio Grande Rift Zone, New Mexico; including information on location, area, depth, temperature, fluid phase and composition, resource base and status of development. The subsurface environmental assessment evaluates potential groundwater degradation, seismicity and subsidence. A general discussion on geothermal systems, pollution potential, chemical characteristics of geothermal fluids and environmental effects of geothermal water pollutants is presented as background material. For the Imperial Valley, all publicly available water quality and location data for geothermal and nongeothermal wells in and near the East Mesa, Salton Sea, Heber, Brawley, Dunes and Glamis KGRAs have been compiled and plotted. The geothermal fluids which will be reinjected range in salinity from a few thousand to more than a quarter million ppm. Although Imperial Valley is a major agricultural center, groundwater use in and near most of these KGRAs is minimal. Extensive seismicity and subsidence monitoring networks have been established in this area of high natural seismicity and subsidence. The vapor-dominated geysers geothermal field is the largest electricity producer in the world. Groundwater in this mountainous region flows with poor hydraulic continuity in fractured rock. Ground and surface water quality is generally good, but high boron concentrations in hot springs and geothermal effluents is of significant concern; however, spent condensate is reinjected. High microearthquake activity is noted around the geothermal reservoir and potential subsidence effects are considered minimal. In Klamath Falls, geothermal fluids up to 113 C (235 F) are used for space heating, mostly through downhole heat exchangers with only minor, relatively benign, geothermal fluid being produced at the surface. Seismicity is low and is not expected to increase. Subsidence is not recognized. Of all geothermal occurrences in the Rio Grande Rift, the Valles Caldera is currently of primary interest. injection of geothermal effluent from hydrothermal production Wells should remove any hydrologic hazard due to some potentially noxious constituents. Waters circulating in the LASL Hot Dry Rock experiment are potable. Seismic effects are expected to be minimal. Subsidence effects could develop Close

• 87. [Image] Geothermal Reservoir Categorization and Stimulation Study

  	Analyses of the fraction of geothermal wells that are dry (dry-hole fraction) indicate that geothermal reservoirs can be fitted into four basic categories: (i) Quaternary to late Tertiary sediments (almost ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Geothermal Reservoir Categorization and Stimulation Study Author: Overton, H.L. Year: 1977 Analyses of the fraction of geothermal wells that are dry (dry-hole fraction) indicate that geothermal reservoirs can be fitted into four basic categories: (i) Quaternary to late Tertiary sediments (almost no dry holes); (ii) Quaternary to late Tertiary extrusives (approximately 20 percent dry holes); (iii) Mesozoic or older metamorphic rocks (approximately 25-30 percent dry holes); and (iv) Precambrian or younger rocks (data limited to Roosevelt Springs where 33 percent of the wells were dry). Failure of geothermal wells to flow economically is due mainly to low-permeability formations in unfractured regions. Generally the permeability correlates inversely with the temperature-age product and directly with the original rock porosity and pore size. However, this correlation fails whenever high-stress fields provide vertical fracturing or faulting, and it is the high-stress/low-permeability category that is most amenable to artificial stimulation by hydraulic fracturing, propellant fracturing, or chemical explosive fracturing. Category (i) geothermal fields (e.g., Cerro Prieto, Mexico; Niland, CA; East Mesa, CA) are not recommended for artificial stimulation because these younger sediments almost always produce warm or hot water. Most geothermal fields fit into category (ii) (e.g., Wairakei, New Zealand; Matsukawa, Japan; Ahuachapan, El Salvador) and in the case of Mt. Home, ID, and Chandler, AZ, possess some potential for stimulation. The Geysers is a category (iii) field, and its highly stressed brittle rocks should make this site amenable to stimulation by explosive fracturing techniques. Roosevelt Springs, UT, Well 9-1 is in category (iv) and is a flow failure. It represents a prime candidate for stimulation by hydraulic fracturing because it has a measured temperature of 227/sup 0/C, is cased and available for experimentation, and is within 900 m of an excellent geothermal producing well Title: Geothermal Reservoir Categorization and Stimulation Study Author: Overton, H.L. Year: 1977 Analyses of the fraction of geothermal wells that are dry (dry-hole fraction) indicate that geothermal reservoirs can be fitted into four basic categories: (i) Quaternary to late Tertiary sediments (almost no dry holes); (ii) Quaternary to late Tertiary extrusives (approximately 20 percent dry holes); (iii) Mesozoic or older metamorphic rocks (approximately 25-30 percent dry holes); and (iv) Precambrian or younger rocks (data limited to Roosevelt Springs where 33 percent of the wells were dry). Failure of geothermal wells to flow economically is due mainly to low-permeability formations in unfractured regions. Generally the permeability correlates inversely with the temperature-age product and directly with the original rock porosity and pore size. However, this correlation fails whenever high-stress fields provide vertical fracturing or faulting, and it is the high-stress/low-permeability category that is most amenable to artificial stimulation by hydraulic fracturing, propellant fracturing, or chemical explosive fracturing. Category (i) geothermal fields (e.g., Cerro Prieto, Mexico; Niland, CA; East Mesa, CA) are not recommended for artificial stimulation because these younger sediments almost always produce warm or hot water. Most geothermal fields fit into category (ii) (e.g., Wairakei, New Zealand; Matsukawa, Japan; Ahuachapan, El Salvador) and in the case of Mt. Home, ID, and Chandler, AZ, possess some potential for stimulation. The Geysers is a category (iii) field, and its highly stressed brittle rocks should make this site amenable to stimulation by explosive fracturing techniques. Roosevelt Springs, UT, Well 9-1 is in category (iv) and is a flow failure. It represents a prime candidate for stimulation by hydraulic fracturing because it has a measured temperature of 227/sup 0/C, is cased and available for experimentation, and is within 900 m of an excellent geothermal producing well Close

• 88. [Image] A Magnetic Induction Technique for Mapping Vertical Conductive Fractures: Theory of Operation

  	Utilization of a hot dry rock geothermal resource requires circulation of a fluid (water) through fractures in the rock. The Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory is presently investigating the feasibility ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: A Magnetic Induction Technique for Mapping Vertical Conductive Fractures: Theory of Operation Author: Landt, J. A. Year: 1978 Utilization of a hot dry rock geothermal resource requires circulation of a fluid (water) through fractures in the rock. The Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory is presently investigating the feasibility and economics of tapping this energy resource. Presently, the fractures in the rock are created by conventional hydraulic fracturing techniques. Accurate determination of the geometry of the fracture system is required so that boreholes may be drilled to complete the circulation system. The theory of a technique designed to map vertical conductive fractures located in resistive rock is presented. The technique is based on magnetic induction. Fracture thickness and strike can be determined from measurements made in a single borehole Title: A Magnetic Induction Technique for Mapping Vertical Conductive Fractures: Theory of Operation Author: Landt, J. A. Year: 1978 Utilization of a hot dry rock geothermal resource requires circulation of a fluid (water) through fractures in the rock. The Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory is presently investigating the feasibility and economics of tapping this energy resource. Presently, the fractures in the rock are created by conventional hydraulic fracturing techniques. Accurate determination of the geometry of the fracture system is required so that boreholes may be drilled to complete the circulation system. The theory of a technique designed to map vertical conductive fractures located in resistive rock is presented. The technique is based on magnetic induction. Fracture thickness and strike can be determined from measurements made in a single borehole Close

• 89. [Image] Hot Dry Rock Energy Extraction Field Test: 75 Days of Operation of a Prototype Reservoir at Fenton Hill, Segment 2 of Phase I

  	Results from the first extensive field test of a man-made hot dry rock (HDR) geothermal reservoir in low permeability crystalline rock are presented. A reservoir with a small heat transfer area was utilized ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Hot Dry Rock Energy Extraction Field Test: 75 Days of Operation of a Prototype Reservoir at Fenton Hill, Segment 2 of Phase I Author: Tester, J.W. (ed.) Year: 1979 Results from the first extensive field test of a man-made hot dry rock (HDR) geothermal reservoir in low permeability crystalline rock are presented. A reservoir with a small heat transfer area was utilized to study the characteristics of a prototype HDR system over a shortened lifetime. The resulting accelerated thermal drawdown was modeled to yield an effective area of 8000 m/sup 2/. In addition to the thermal effects, this test provided an opportunity to examine equipment operation, water permeation into the formation, geochemical interaction between the circulating fluid and the rock and flow characteristics including impedance and residence time distributions. Continuous monitoring for induced seismic effects showed that no activity to a Richter threshold of -1.0 was detected during the 75-day experiment Title: Hot Dry Rock Energy Extraction Field Test: 75 Days of Operation of a Prototype Reservoir at Fenton Hill, Segment 2 of Phase I Author: Tester, J.W. (ed.) Year: 1979 Results from the first extensive field test of a man-made hot dry rock (HDR) geothermal reservoir in low permeability crystalline rock are presented. A reservoir with a small heat transfer area was utilized to study the characteristics of a prototype HDR system over a shortened lifetime. The resulting accelerated thermal drawdown was modeled to yield an effective area of 8000 m/sup 2/. In addition to the thermal effects, this test provided an opportunity to examine equipment operation, water permeation into the formation, geochemical interaction between the circulating fluid and the rock and flow characteristics including impedance and residence time distributions. Continuous monitoring for induced seismic effects showed that no activity to a Richter threshold of -1.0 was detected during the 75-day experiment Close

• 90. [Image] Removal of Hydrogen Sulfide from Simulated Geothermal Brines by Reaction with Oxygen. Final Report, October 6, 1975-February 4, 1977

  	A process for controlling hydrogen sulfide emissions and corrosivity in geothermal systems has been evaluated on a small laboratory pilot plant scale and shown to be technically feasible. The hydrogen ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Removal of Hydrogen Sulfide from Simulated Geothermal Brines by Reaction with Oxygen. Final Report, October 6, 1975-February 4, 1977 Author: Wilson, J.S. Year: 1977 A process for controlling hydrogen sulfide emissions and corrosivity in geothermal systems has been evaluated on a small laboratory pilot plant scale and shown to be technically feasible. The hydrogen sulfide was oxidized by oxygen injected directly into a 11.4-liter-(3-gallon)-per-minute flowing stream of simulated geothermal brine. The oxidation of the sulfide was complete at oxygen:sulfide mole ratios of 1.25:1 to 1.5:1, depending on temperature and total dissolved solids in the brine. The reaction products were free sulfur, sulfite and sulfate. The ratio of these was dependent upon the oxygen:sulfide mole ratios; but, generally, more than 80% of the sulfide was converted to sulfate, approximately 10% to free sulfur and less than 10% to sulfite Title: Removal of Hydrogen Sulfide from Simulated Geothermal Brines by Reaction with Oxygen. Final Report, October 6, 1975-February 4, 1977 Author: Wilson, J.S. Year: 1977 A process for controlling hydrogen sulfide emissions and corrosivity in geothermal systems has been evaluated on a small laboratory pilot plant scale and shown to be technically feasible. The hydrogen sulfide was oxidized by oxygen injected directly into a 11.4-liter-(3-gallon)-per-minute flowing stream of simulated geothermal brine. The oxidation of the sulfide was complete at oxygen:sulfide mole ratios of 1.25:1 to 1.5:1, depending on temperature and total dissolved solids in the brine. The reaction products were free sulfur, sulfite and sulfate. The ratio of these was dependent upon the oxygen:sulfide mole ratios; but, generally, more than 80% of the sulfide was converted to sulfate, approximately 10% to free sulfur and less than 10% to sulfite Close

• 91. [Image] Geothermal Well Downhole Heat Exchanger Design Analysis A Thesis

  	This report covers information about the use of Downhole Heat Exchangers in the Klamath Falls, OR area
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Geothermal Well Downhole Heat Exchanger Design Analysis A Thesis Author: Kreitlow, D. K. Year: 1977 This report covers information about the use of Downhole Heat Exchangers in the Klamath Falls, OR area Title: Geothermal Well Downhole Heat Exchanger Design Analysis A Thesis Author: Kreitlow, D. K. Year: 1977 This report covers information about the use of Downhole Heat Exchangers in the Klamath Falls, OR area Close

• 92. [Image] Geothermal Computer Program Workshop

  	This document is a collection of several readouts of different user manuals for computer code
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Geothermal Computer Program Workshop Author: Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory Year: 1980 This document is a collection of several readouts of different user manuals for computer code Title: Geothermal Computer Program Workshop Author: Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory Year: 1980 This document is a collection of several readouts of different user manuals for computer code Close

• 93. [Image] Optimization of Residential Size Heat Pumps for Use With Geothermal Energy

  	This paper considers the optimum design of unitary water-to-air heat pump units for use in distributed systems. The idea considers a heat pump unit with standard off-the-shelf components but optimized ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Optimization of Residential Size Heat Pumps for Use With Geothermal Energy Author: Reistad, G. M. This paper considers the optimum design of unitary water-to-air heat pump units for use in distributed systems. The idea considers a heat pump unit with standard off-the-shelf components but optimized for heating when using a geothermal resource of a particular temperature and cost, as the low temperature energy source Title: Optimization of Residential Size Heat Pumps for Use With Geothermal Energy Author: Reistad, G. M. This paper considers the optimum design of unitary water-to-air heat pump units for use in distributed systems. The idea considers a heat pump unit with standard off-the-shelf components but optimized for heating when using a geothermal resource of a particular temperature and cost, as the low temperature energy source Close

• 94. [Article] Mosby Creek Limiting Factors Analysis and Restoration Plan

  Abstract -- The Mosby Creek Limiting Factors Analysis (Rapid Bio-Assessment) assessed stream conditions for native salmonids and prioritized projects of benefit to spring Chinook, cutthroat trout, rainbow ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Mosby Creek Limiting Factors Analysis and Restoration Plan Abstract -- The Mosby Creek Limiting Factors Analysis (Rapid Bio-Assessment) assessed stream conditions for native salmonids and prioritized projects of benefit to spring Chinook, cutthroat trout, rainbow trout, and Pacific lamprey in this high-priority, free-flowing stream in the Coast Fork Willamette Watershed. To gain access to private properties adjacent to the 75 miles of surveyed streams, the applicant conducted landowner outreach and coordinated two years of continuous temperature data collection by volunteers. The contractor conducted a modified limiting factors analysis and a snorkel survey in the Mosby Creek main stem and tributaries up to 6 percent gradient. The resulting study results include a prioritized restoration plan that has been shared with local landowners and restoration partners and used for restoration planning. Title: Mosby Creek Limiting Factors Analysis and Restoration Plan Abstract -- The Mosby Creek Limiting Factors Analysis (Rapid Bio-Assessment) assessed stream conditions for native salmonids and prioritized projects of benefit to spring Chinook, cutthroat trout, rainbow trout, and Pacific lamprey in this high-priority, free-flowing stream in the Coast Fork Willamette Watershed. To gain access to private properties adjacent to the 75 miles of surveyed streams, the applicant conducted landowner outreach and coordinated two years of continuous temperature data collection by volunteers. The contractor conducted a modified limiting factors analysis and a snorkel survey in the Mosby Creek main stem and tributaries up to 6 percent gradient. The resulting study results include a prioritized restoration plan that has been shared with local landowners and restoration partners and used for restoration planning. Close

• 95. [Article] Pine Hollow - Jackknife Creek Watershed Assessment

  Abstract -- The assessment area is located in north-central Oregon within the semi-arid Columbia Plateau and the Lower John Day River Basin. The assessment area occupies the southeastern portion of Sherman ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Pine Hollow - Jackknife Creek Watershed Assessment Abstract -- The assessment area is located in north-central Oregon within the semi-arid Columbia Plateau and the Lower John Day River Basin. The assessment area occupies the southeastern portion of Sherman County and part of the northeastern portion of Wasco County, beginning southeast of the town of Grass Valley and including the towns of Kent and Shaniko. The watershed assessment area is sparsely populated, with an average population density of less than one person per square mile in Sherman County and two per square mile in Wasco County (U.S. Census Bureau 2010). All of the streams within the Pine Hollow – Jackknife Creek watershed assessment area drain into the Lower John Day River, and the river is the eastern border of the assessment area. The 8,000 square mile John Day Basin is the fourth largest basin in the state. The main stem of the John Day River originates in the Blue Mountains southeast of Prairie City, Oregon, and flows generally westward then northward for approximately 284 miles before discharging into the Columbia River at River Mile (RM) 218, just east of the town of Rufus, Oregon. Title: Pine Hollow - Jackknife Creek Watershed Assessment Abstract -- The assessment area is located in north-central Oregon within the semi-arid Columbia Plateau and the Lower John Day River Basin. The assessment area occupies the southeastern portion of Sherman County and part of the northeastern portion of Wasco County, beginning southeast of the town of Grass Valley and including the towns of Kent and Shaniko. The watershed assessment area is sparsely populated, with an average population density of less than one person per square mile in Sherman County and two per square mile in Wasco County (U.S. Census Bureau 2010). All of the streams within the Pine Hollow – Jackknife Creek watershed assessment area drain into the Lower John Day River, and the river is the eastern border of the assessment area. The 8,000 square mile John Day Basin is the fourth largest basin in the state. The main stem of the John Day River originates in the Blue Mountains southeast of Prairie City, Oregon, and flows generally westward then northward for approximately 284 miles before discharging into the Columbia River at River Mile (RM) 218, just east of the town of Rufus, Oregon. Close

• 96. [Article] Aquatic Monitoring Program 2002-2003 Report

  Abstract -- The Applegate River Watershed Council (ARWC), a non-profit, 501(c)3 organization located in southern Oregon has been monitoring water quality, temperature, biological and physical aspects in ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Aquatic Monitoring Program 2002-2003 Report Abstract -- The Applegate River Watershed Council (ARWC), a non-profit, 501(c)3 organization located in southern Oregon has been monitoring water quality, temperature, biological and physical aspects in the Applegate since 1997. The data collected by ARWC staff has established baseline conditions and allowed for water quality trend analysis in the 493,000-acre Applegate watershed located in the Rogue River Basin. Topics include Water Quality Monitoring, Water Temperature, Water Chemistry, Stream Flow Monitoring, Biological Monitoring, Little Applegate Stream Habitat And Enhancement Program, Snorkel Surveys, Steelhead Spawning Surveys, Lamprey Study, Physical Monitoring, Slate And Waters Creeks Cross Sections, Sediment And Heat Source Study In The Upper Applegate Watershed, Thompson Creek Habitat Survey, and Monitoring Program Summary. Title: Aquatic Monitoring Program 2002-2003 Report Abstract -- The Applegate River Watershed Council (ARWC), a non-profit, 501(c)3 organization located in southern Oregon has been monitoring water quality, temperature, biological and physical aspects in the Applegate since 1997. The data collected by ARWC staff has established baseline conditions and allowed for water quality trend analysis in the 493,000-acre Applegate watershed located in the Rogue River Basin. Topics include Water Quality Monitoring, Water Temperature, Water Chemistry, Stream Flow Monitoring, Biological Monitoring, Little Applegate Stream Habitat And Enhancement Program, Snorkel Surveys, Steelhead Spawning Surveys, Lamprey Study, Physical Monitoring, Slate And Waters Creeks Cross Sections, Sediment And Heat Source Study In The Upper Applegate Watershed, Thompson Creek Habitat Survey, and Monitoring Program Summary. Close

• 97. [Article] Bakeoven (Deschutes) Watershed Assessment, 2005

  Abstract -- The headwaters of the Bakeoven Watershed are located in the Shaniko area in southern Wasco County, east of the Deschutes River at elevations just above 3,200 feet. Bakeoven Creek flows to the ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Bakeoven (Deschutes) Watershed Assessment, 2005 Abstract -- The headwaters of the Bakeoven Watershed are located in the Shaniko area in southern Wasco County, east of the Deschutes River at elevations just above 3,200 feet. Bakeoven Creek flows to the Deschutes River at Maupin City Park. Chapters include historic conditions, stream channels, fish and fish habitat, hydrology, riparian conditions, wetlands, road network, water quality, wildlife and wildlife habitat, economic impacts of conservation, summary of issues and recommendations, Bakeoven Action Plan, watershed council goals and objectives, glossary, and references. Numerous tables, figures, and maps summarize data collections. 97 pp. Title: Bakeoven (Deschutes) Watershed Assessment, 2005 Abstract -- The headwaters of the Bakeoven Watershed are located in the Shaniko area in southern Wasco County, east of the Deschutes River at elevations just above 3,200 feet. Bakeoven Creek flows to the Deschutes River at Maupin City Park. Chapters include historic conditions, stream channels, fish and fish habitat, hydrology, riparian conditions, wetlands, road network, water quality, wildlife and wildlife habitat, economic impacts of conservation, summary of issues and recommendations, Bakeoven Action Plan, watershed council goals and objectives, glossary, and references. Numerous tables, figures, and maps summarize data collections. 97 pp. Close

• 98. [Article] Oregon Conservation Strategy Habitats

  Abstract -- This dataset represents the extent and distribution of the habitats prioritized within the Oregon Conservation Strategy. Strategy Habitats are identified by ecoregion, and as such are only ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Oregon Conservation Strategy Habitats Abstract -- This dataset represents the extent and distribution of the habitats prioritized within the Oregon Conservation Strategy. Strategy Habitats are identified by ecoregion, and as such are only mapped within their associated Strategy Ecoregions (see http://oregonconservationstrategy.org/strategy-habitats/ for more information on all Strategy Habitats). The list of Strategy Habitats is: Aspen Woodlands, Coastal Dunes, Estuaries, Flowing Water and Riparian Habitats, Grasslands, Late Successional Mixed Conifer Forest, Natural Lakes, Oak Woodlands, Ponderosa Pine Woodlands, Sagebrush Habitats, and Wetlands. Title: Oregon Conservation Strategy Habitats Abstract -- This dataset represents the extent and distribution of the habitats prioritized within the Oregon Conservation Strategy. Strategy Habitats are identified by ecoregion, and as such are only mapped within their associated Strategy Ecoregions (see http://oregonconservationstrategy.org/strategy-habitats/ for more information on all Strategy Habitats). The list of Strategy Habitats is: Aspen Woodlands, Coastal Dunes, Estuaries, Flowing Water and Riparian Habitats, Grasslands, Late Successional Mixed Conifer Forest, Natural Lakes, Oak Woodlands, Ponderosa Pine Woodlands, Sagebrush Habitats, and Wetlands. Close

• 99. [Image] A review of scientific information on issues related to the use and management of water resources in the Pacific Northwest

  	Abstract Everest, Fred H.; Stouder, Deanna J.; Kakoyannis, Christina; Houston, Laurie; Stankey, George; Kline, Jeffery; Alig, Ralph. 2004. A review of scientific information ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: A review of scientific information on issues related to the use and management of water resources in the Pacific Northwest Year: 2004 Abstract Everest, Fred H.; Stouder, Deanna J.; Kakoyannis, Christina; Houston, Laurie; Stankey, George; Kline, Jeffery; Alig, Ralph. 2004. A review of scientific information on issues related to the use and management of water resources in the Pacific Northwest. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-595. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 128 p. Fresh water is a valuable and essential commodity in the Pacific Northwest States, specifically Oregon, Washington, and Idaho, and one provided abundantly by forested watersheds in the region. The maintenance and growth of industrial, municipal, agricultural, and recreational activities in the region are dependent on adequate and sustainable supplies of fresh water from surface and ground-water sources. Future development, especially in the semiarid intermountain area, depends on the conservation and expansion of the region's water resource. This synthesis reviews the state of our knowledge and condition of water resources in the Pacific Northwest. Keywords: Water distribution, flow regimes, water demand, conflicts, tools, water use. Title: A review of scientific information on issues related to the use and management of water resources in the Pacific Northwest Year: 2004 Abstract Everest, Fred H.; Stouder, Deanna J.; Kakoyannis, Christina; Houston, Laurie; Stankey, George; Kline, Jeffery; Alig, Ralph. 2004. A review of scientific information on issues related to the use and management of water resources in the Pacific Northwest. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-595. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 128 p. Fresh water is a valuable and essential commodity in the Pacific Northwest States, specifically Oregon, Washington, and Idaho, and one provided abundantly by forested watersheds in the region. The maintenance and growth of industrial, municipal, agricultural, and recreational activities in the region are dependent on adequate and sustainable supplies of fresh water from surface and ground-water sources. Future development, especially in the semiarid intermountain area, depends on the conservation and expansion of the region's water resource. This synthesis reviews the state of our knowledge and condition of water resources in the Pacific Northwest. Keywords: Water distribution, flow regimes, water demand, conflicts, tools, water use. Close

• 100. [Image] Improving salmon passage: draft, the Lower Snake River juvenile salmon migration feasibility report/environmental impact statement

  	The purpose of this summary report is to provide an overview of the findings developed for the Lower Snake River Juvenile Salmon Migration Feasibility Study. For more detailed information, the reader should ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Improving salmon passage: draft, the Lower Snake River juvenile salmon migration feasibility report/environmental impact statement Year: 1999, 2004 The purpose of this summary report is to provide an overview of the findings developed for the Lower Snake River Juvenile Salmon Migration Feasibility Study. For more detailed information, the reader should refer to the Draft Feasibility Report/Environmental Impact Statement and attached appendices. The genesis of this study is the National Marine Fisheries Service's 1995 Biological Opinion for the Reinitiation of Consultation on 1994-1998 Operation of the Federal Columbia River Power System and Juvenile Transportation Program in 1995 and Future Years (95 Biological Opinion). While the focus of this study is the relationship between the four dams on the lower Snake River and their effects on juvenile fish traveling toward the ocean, the implications of the study are broader. The Draft Feasibility Report/Environmental Impact Statement includes the best available information on the biological effectiveness, engineering, economic effects, and other environmental effects associated with the four specific alternatives. It does not, however, include a recommendation or identify a preferred alternative. This will give the public and other agencies an opportunity to review and understand this information and provide input before a preferred alternative is selected. At the same time, this will allow the region to consider the Habitat, Hatcheries, Harvest, and Hydropower Working Paper on salmon recovery by the Federal Caucus. Information from this process will be fully examined to determine how it may influence decisions on actions for the lower Snake River. Title: Improving salmon passage: draft, the Lower Snake River juvenile salmon migration feasibility report/environmental impact statement Year: 1999, 2004 The purpose of this summary report is to provide an overview of the findings developed for the Lower Snake River Juvenile Salmon Migration Feasibility Study. For more detailed information, the reader should refer to the Draft Feasibility Report/Environmental Impact Statement and attached appendices. The genesis of this study is the National Marine Fisheries Service's 1995 Biological Opinion for the Reinitiation of Consultation on 1994-1998 Operation of the Federal Columbia River Power System and Juvenile Transportation Program in 1995 and Future Years (95 Biological Opinion). While the focus of this study is the relationship between the four dams on the lower Snake River and their effects on juvenile fish traveling toward the ocean, the implications of the study are broader. The Draft Feasibility Report/Environmental Impact Statement includes the best available information on the biological effectiveness, engineering, economic effects, and other environmental effects associated with the four specific alternatives. It does not, however, include a recommendation or identify a preferred alternative. This will give the public and other agencies an opportunity to review and understand this information and provide input before a preferred alternative is selected. At the same time, this will allow the region to consider the Habitat, Hatcheries, Harvest, and Hydropower Working Paper on salmon recovery by the Federal Caucus. Information from this process will be fully examined to determine how it may influence decisions on actions for the lower Snake River. Close