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• 1. [Article] Rock and Richardson Creek Watershed Assessment

  Abstract -- The intent of this assessment is to provide a framework for action based on a review of the many recent studies that have been completed in this area. The Clackamas Basin Atlas, funded by the ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Rock and Richardson Creek Watershed Assessment Abstract -- The intent of this assessment is to provide a framework for action based on a review of the many recent studies that have been completed in this area. The Clackamas Basin Atlas, funded by the Environmental Protection Agency and coordinated by Metro, provides a basin-wide perspective on the entire area. Metro followed up this effort with a landscape study focused on Rock and Richardson Creeks. Pacific Rivers Council and the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (ODFW) have done fish surveys and analyzed the health of aquatic life. During the development of this assessment Clackamas County was in the midst of completing a stormwater management plan for the proposed urban areas. This assessment summarizes the findings of these and several other studies, and provides a context for moving forward with creek protection and restoration. Title: Rock and Richardson Creek Watershed Assessment Abstract -- The intent of this assessment is to provide a framework for action based on a review of the many recent studies that have been completed in this area. The Clackamas Basin Atlas, funded by the Environmental Protection Agency and coordinated by Metro, provides a basin-wide perspective on the entire area. Metro followed up this effort with a landscape study focused on Rock and Richardson Creeks. Pacific Rivers Council and the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (ODFW) have done fish surveys and analyzed the health of aquatic life. During the development of this assessment Clackamas County was in the midst of completing a stormwater management plan for the proposed urban areas. This assessment summarizes the findings of these and several other studies, and provides a context for moving forward with creek protection and restoration. Close

• 2. [Image] Philippine Energy Plan 1999-2008

  	The Philippine Energy Plan outlines the energy sector blueprint for supporting the Estrada Administration's overarching objective of economic growth with social equity, led by a dynamic and internationally ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Philippine Energy Plan 1999-2008 Author: Republic of the Philipines Department of Energy Year: 1998 The Philippine Energy Plan outlines the energy sector blueprint for supporting the Estrada Administration's overarching objective of economic growth with social equity, led by a dynamic and internationally competitive private sector and supported by an efficient and impartial government Title: Philippine Energy Plan 1999-2008 Author: Republic of the Philipines Department of Energy Year: 1998 The Philippine Energy Plan outlines the energy sector blueprint for supporting the Estrada Administration's overarching objective of economic growth with social equity, led by a dynamic and internationally competitive private sector and supported by an efficient and impartial government Close

• 3. [Image] Wilsonville Public Transportation Analysis

  	Among the many necessary considerations undertaken during the transition from two campuses into one single campus, the overall takeholder transportation logistics becomes one of the most important. Transportation ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Wilsonville Public Transportation Analysis Author: Dunn, Eric; Newman, Jonathan; Szensai, Tatiana Year: 2012 Among the many necessary considerations undertaken during the transition from two campuses into one single campus, the overall takeholder transportation logistics becomes one of the most important. Transportation logistics remain at the forefront of considerations due to the fact that without multiple transportation options, every stakeholder would be allowed any one or more possible transportation options. Accommodations may be determined by ones living arrangements, place of employment, and/or overall demographics. Considerations held within this document also address new and continuing working relationships between stakeholders outside of Oregon Tech including Tri-Met, Metro, Smart, Wes, and Zimride. Multiple options outlined in the document will also include the inevitable cultural change regarding the concept of rideshare and/or web-based rideshare links. Considering the overall increasing cost, and finite amount of energy resources, Oregon Tech stakeholders will require alternative options to the single vehicle transportation mode of travel. Through the help of organizations such as Metro and Smart, data has been gathered via surveys and database applications in order to provide a clearer portrait of the necessary stakeholder transportation requirements. The implementation of any one or more of the recommendations held within this document will provide positive results regarding Oregon Tech’s continuation as an upper education leader. What this document sets forth to outline is the varying forms of alternative forms of transportation. These alternative forms of transportation should be designed in order to fit every student, faculty, and staff under consideration. Each one of the three groups should be considered important contributors to the overall whole that is the Oregon Institute of Technology. Title: Wilsonville Public Transportation Analysis Author: Dunn, Eric; Newman, Jonathan; Szensai, Tatiana Year: 2012 Among the many necessary considerations undertaken during the transition from two campuses into one single campus, the overall takeholder transportation logistics becomes one of the most important. Transportation logistics remain at the forefront of considerations due to the fact that without multiple transportation options, every stakeholder would be allowed any one or more possible transportation options. Accommodations may be determined by ones living arrangements, place of employment, and/or overall demographics. Considerations held within this document also address new and continuing working relationships between stakeholders outside of Oregon Tech including Tri-Met, Metro, Smart, Wes, and Zimride. Multiple options outlined in the document will also include the inevitable cultural change regarding the concept of rideshare and/or web-based rideshare links. Considering the overall increasing cost, and finite amount of energy resources, Oregon Tech stakeholders will require alternative options to the single vehicle transportation mode of travel. Through the help of organizations such as Metro and Smart, data has been gathered via surveys and database applications in order to provide a clearer portrait of the necessary stakeholder transportation requirements. The implementation of any one or more of the recommendations held within this document will provide positive results regarding Oregon Tech’s continuation as an upper education leader. What this document sets forth to outline is the varying forms of alternative forms of transportation. These alternative forms of transportation should be designed in order to fit every student, faculty, and staff under consideration. Each one of the three groups should be considered important contributors to the overall whole that is the Oregon Institute of Technology. Close

• 4. [Image] The scientific basis for artificial propagation in the recovery of wild anadromous salmonids in Oregon

  	"January 11, 2001."
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The scientific basis for artificial propagation in the recovery of wild anadromous salmonids in Oregon Author: Independent Multidisciplinary Science Team (Or.) Year: 2001, 2005 "January 11, 2001." Title: The scientific basis for artificial propagation in the recovery of wild anadromous salmonids in Oregon Author: Independent Multidisciplinary Science Team (Or.) Year: 2001, 2005 "January 11, 2001." Close

• 5. [Image] Reclamation accomplishments, 1905-1953, Klamath Project, Oregon-California

  	SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS Klamath Project is a $13 million Federal investment in water resource development, About 200,000 acres are irrigated and gross crop production (has exceeded $17 million each year ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Reclamation accomplishments, 1905-1953, Klamath Project, Oregon-California Author: Strantz, Maurice K. Year: 1953, 2005 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS Klamath Project is a $13 million Federal investment in water resource development, About 200,000 acres are irrigated and gross crop production (has exceeded $17 million each year over the past 7 years. The Project encompasses the largest single block of irrigated land in the area and includes nearly half the three-county total irrigated area and one quarter of the cropland. Agriculture and manufacturing directly contribute half the three-county personal income and provide half the jobs. Klamath Project accounts for five-sixths of the gross income from crops, and half the total agricultural production in the three-county area. Personal income from project crops is estimated at $10.6 mil1ion in 1948. Recent crop production on the project supports directly or indirectly about $25 million in local personal income. Federal contribution for irrigation to repay costs without interest to date amounts to about $10.8 million. Annual personal income generated by project in the postwar years equals this assistance Project gross crop production of nearly $300 million over 46 years. Project farm income supports substantial portion of area retail trade and contributes to transportation and other services. Project agriculture in past 10 years increased its support to the economy and has helped offset the declines in the lumber industry. Without the project only about 50,000 irrigated acres would have been developed and the agricultural economy would have produced crops worth only about l/7th as large as at present. Reclamation development tends to maintain a stable prosperous economy in the three-county area. Title: Reclamation accomplishments, 1905-1953, Klamath Project, Oregon-California Author: Strantz, Maurice K. Year: 1953, 2005 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS Klamath Project is a $13 million Federal investment in water resource development, About 200,000 acres are irrigated and gross crop production (has exceeded $17 million each year over the past 7 years. The Project encompasses the largest single block of irrigated land in the area and includes nearly half the three-county total irrigated area and one quarter of the cropland. Agriculture and manufacturing directly contribute half the three-county personal income and provide half the jobs. Klamath Project accounts for five-sixths of the gross income from crops, and half the total agricultural production in the three-county area. Personal income from project crops is estimated at $10.6 mil1ion in 1948. Recent crop production on the project supports directly or indirectly about $25 million in local personal income. Federal contribution for irrigation to repay costs without interest to date amounts to about $10.8 million. Annual personal income generated by project in the postwar years equals this assistance Project gross crop production of nearly $300 million over 46 years. Project farm income supports substantial portion of area retail trade and contributes to transportation and other services. Project agriculture in past 10 years increased its support to the economy and has helped offset the declines in the lumber industry. Without the project only about 50,000 irrigated acres would have been developed and the agricultural economy would have produced crops worth only about l/7th as large as at present. Reclamation development tends to maintain a stable prosperous economy in the three-county area. Close

• 6. [Image] Nutrients in the nation's waters : too much of a good thing?

  	Includes bibliographical references (p. 22)
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Nutrients in the nation's waters : too much of a good thing? Author: Mueller, David K. Year: 1996, 2004 Includes bibliographical references (p. 22) Title: Nutrients in the nation's waters : too much of a good thing? Author: Mueller, David K. Year: 1996, 2004 Includes bibliographical references (p. 22) Close

• 7. [Image] Oregon Plan for Salmon and Watersheds biennial report, 2005-2007

  	The Oregon Plan for Salmon and Watersheds Biennial Report 2005-2007. This is the sixth report on the Oregon Plan for Salmon and Watersheds. The report provides an update on the accomplishments and continuing ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Oregon Plan for Salmon and Watersheds biennial report, 2005-2007 Author: Oregon Watershed Enhancement Board Year: 2006, 2007 The Oregon Plan for Salmon and Watersheds Biennial Report 2005-2007. This is the sixth report on the Oregon Plan for Salmon and Watersheds. The report provides an update on the accomplishments and continuing efforts of people throughout Oregon to improve and protect clean water and recover and maintain healthy populations offish and wildlife in our watersheds. The Oregon Plan is unique because it engages communities in the restoration and long-term stewardship of their watersheds. This extraordinary effort encourages local partnerships and voluntary actions to improve the conditions of our watersheds. Over the years, these actions have made Oregon a national leader in local cooperative conservation. This report collects project and condition data, voluntary private lands restoration information, and agency program accomplishments under the Oregon Plan. Consistent with the past two reports, this document continues to provide specific data on each of the state's fifteen reporting basins. A new element to this report is the inclusion of stories about the people, partnerships, and on-the-ground projects that are benefiting watersheds and communities across the state. Thanks to the many Oregon Plan partners who contributed to this report. Thomas M. Byler Executive Director Oregon Watershed Enhancement Board Title: Oregon Plan for Salmon and Watersheds biennial report, 2005-2007 Author: Oregon Watershed Enhancement Board Year: 2006, 2007 The Oregon Plan for Salmon and Watersheds Biennial Report 2005-2007. This is the sixth report on the Oregon Plan for Salmon and Watersheds. The report provides an update on the accomplishments and continuing efforts of people throughout Oregon to improve and protect clean water and recover and maintain healthy populations offish and wildlife in our watersheds. The Oregon Plan is unique because it engages communities in the restoration and long-term stewardship of their watersheds. This extraordinary effort encourages local partnerships and voluntary actions to improve the conditions of our watersheds. Over the years, these actions have made Oregon a national leader in local cooperative conservation. This report collects project and condition data, voluntary private lands restoration information, and agency program accomplishments under the Oregon Plan. Consistent with the past two reports, this document continues to provide specific data on each of the state's fifteen reporting basins. A new element to this report is the inclusion of stories about the people, partnerships, and on-the-ground projects that are benefiting watersheds and communities across the state. Thanks to the many Oregon Plan partners who contributed to this report. Thomas M. Byler Executive Director Oregon Watershed Enhancement Board Close

• 8. [Image] The Water Report - Hydro relicensing OR/CA: fish passage

  	Only portions of issues of The Water Report are available in the Klamath Waters Digital Library. See the full report at http://www.thewaterreport.com/
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Water Report - Hydro relicensing OR/CA: fish passage Author: Envirotech Publications Year: 2006, 2008 Only portions of issues of The Water Report are available in the Klamath Waters Digital Library. See the full report at http://www.thewaterreport.com/ Title: The Water Report - Hydro relicensing OR/CA: fish passage Author: Envirotech Publications Year: 2006, 2008 Only portions of issues of The Water Report are available in the Klamath Waters Digital Library. See the full report at http://www.thewaterreport.com/ Close

• 9. [Image] Chronic toxicity of low dissolved oxygen concentrations, elevated pH, and elevated ammonia concentrations to lost river suckers (deltistes luxatus), and swimming performance of lost river suckers at various temperatures.

  	The study examines two species of sucker,the shortnose sucker(chasmistes brevirostrix), and the Lost River sucker,(deltisties luxatus) that inhabit Upper Klamath Lake and the effects of chronic toxicity ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Chronic toxicity of low dissolved oxygen concentrations, elevated pH, and elevated ammonia concentrations to lost river suckers (deltistes luxatus), and swimming performance of lost river suckers at various temperatures. Author: Meyer, Joseph S. Year: 2000, 2007, 2006 The study examines two species of sucker,the shortnose sucker(chasmistes brevirostrix), and the Lost River sucker,(deltisties luxatus) that inhabit Upper Klamath Lake and the effects of chronic toxicity and temperature changes. The study examines two species of sucker,the shortnose sucker(chasmistes brevirostrix), and the Lost River sucker,(deltisties luxatus) that inhabit Upper Klamath Lake and the effects of chronic toxicity and temperature changes. Title: Chronic toxicity of low dissolved oxygen concentrations, elevated pH, and elevated ammonia concentrations to lost river suckers (deltistes luxatus), and swimming performance of lost river suckers at various temperatures. Author: Meyer, Joseph S. Year: 2000, 2007, 2006 The study examines two species of sucker,the shortnose sucker(chasmistes brevirostrix), and the Lost River sucker,(deltisties luxatus) that inhabit Upper Klamath Lake and the effects of chronic toxicity and temperature changes. The study examines two species of sucker,the shortnose sucker(chasmistes brevirostrix), and the Lost River sucker,(deltisties luxatus) that inhabit Upper Klamath Lake and the effects of chronic toxicity and temperature changes. Close

• 10. [Article] A Comparative Study of Administrator and Special Education Teacher Perceptions of Special Education Teacher Attrition and Retention

  This mixed methods study identifies perceived causes of and solutions to the attrition of special education teachers. Researchers have documented that special education teaching positions encounter higher ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: A Comparative Study of Administrator and Special Education Teacher Perceptions of Special Education Teacher Attrition and Retention Author: Sheldrake, Danielle Angelina Year: 2013 This mixed methods study identifies perceived causes of and solutions to the attrition of special education teachers. Researchers have documented that special education teaching positions encounter higher attrition rates than their general education peers (Katsiyannis, Zhang, & Conroy in Olivarez & Arnold, 2006; Mitchell & Arnold, 2004; Otto & Arnold, 2005; Stempien & Loeb, 2002). More than 66 administrators and 200 special education teachers/Teachers on Special Assignment (TOSAs) employed in the Portland, Oregon metro area (Washington, Clackamas, and Multnomah counties) completed a survey on special education teacher attrition and retention and identified what they believed are the causes of high special education teacher attrition rates and what interventions would increase rates of special education teacher retention. The results of the surveys from the two sub-groups were compared and contrasted and it was determined administrators and special education teachers share similar perceptions of the causes of high special education teacher attrition rates and similar perceptions of interventions to increase retention rates. The results were also analyzed to determine if administrators and special education teachers and TOSAs identify the same causes of special education teacher attrition and interventions to increase retention rates. Title: A Comparative Study of Administrator and Special Education Teacher Perceptions of Special Education Teacher Attrition and Retention Author: Sheldrake, Danielle Angelina Year: 2013 This mixed methods study identifies perceived causes of and solutions to the attrition of special education teachers. Researchers have documented that special education teaching positions encounter higher attrition rates than their general education peers (Katsiyannis, Zhang, & Conroy in Olivarez & Arnold, 2006; Mitchell & Arnold, 2004; Otto & Arnold, 2005; Stempien & Loeb, 2002). More than 66 administrators and 200 special education teachers/Teachers on Special Assignment (TOSAs) employed in the Portland, Oregon metro area (Washington, Clackamas, and Multnomah counties) completed a survey on special education teacher attrition and retention and identified what they believed are the causes of high special education teacher attrition rates and what interventions would increase rates of special education teacher retention. The results of the surveys from the two sub-groups were compared and contrasted and it was determined administrators and special education teachers share similar perceptions of the causes of high special education teacher attrition rates and similar perceptions of interventions to increase retention rates. The results were also analyzed to determine if administrators and special education teachers and TOSAs identify the same causes of special education teacher attrition and interventions to increase retention rates. Close

• 11. [Article] Holocaust, Memory, Second-Generation, and Conflict Resolution

  Ten Jewish second-generation men and women from metro Portland, Oregon were interviewed regarding growing up in the aftermath of the Holocaust. The American-born participants ranged in age from fifty-one ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Holocaust, Memory, Second-Generation, and Conflict Resolution Author: O'Donoghue, Leslie Year: 2017 Ten Jewish second-generation men and women from metro Portland, Oregon were interviewed regarding growing up in the aftermath of the Holocaust. The American-born participants ranged in age from fifty-one to sixty-four years of age at the time of the interviews. Though the parents were deceased at the time of this study the working definition of a Holocaust survivor parent included those individuals who had been refugees or interned in a ghetto, labor camp, concentration camp, or extermination camp as a direct result of the Nazi Regime in Europe from 1933 to 1945. A descriptive phenomenological approach was utilized. Eight open-ended questions yielded ten unique perspectives. Most second-generation do not habitually inform others of their second-generation status. This is significant to conflict resolution as the effects of the Holocaust are trans-generational. The second-generation embody resilience and their combined emphasis was for all people to become as educated as possible. Title: Holocaust, Memory, Second-Generation, and Conflict Resolution Author: O'Donoghue, Leslie Year: 2017 Ten Jewish second-generation men and women from metro Portland, Oregon were interviewed regarding growing up in the aftermath of the Holocaust. The American-born participants ranged in age from fifty-one to sixty-four years of age at the time of the interviews. Though the parents were deceased at the time of this study the working definition of a Holocaust survivor parent included those individuals who had been refugees or interned in a ghetto, labor camp, concentration camp, or extermination camp as a direct result of the Nazi Regime in Europe from 1933 to 1945. A descriptive phenomenological approach was utilized. Eight open-ended questions yielded ten unique perspectives. Most second-generation do not habitually inform others of their second-generation status. This is significant to conflict resolution as the effects of the Holocaust are trans-generational. The second-generation embody resilience and their combined emphasis was for all people to become as educated as possible. Close

• 12. [Article] Shifting Identities in a Globalising Metro Manila

  This paper investigates the Philippine capital of Metro Manila, how it has been redeveloping as a "global city" over the past decade, and how the urban population has been negotiating the remarkable changes ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Shifting Identities in a Globalising Metro Manila Author: Belin, Patrick Year: 2013 This paper investigates the Philippine capital of Metro Manila, how it has been redeveloping as a "global city" over the past decade, and how the urban population has been negotiating the remarkable changes to their spatial, economic and sociocultural environment. The investigation assumes that a shift is occurring in the way that Filipinos identify with their country, moving from a national to a more international focus. Examined here are Metro Manila's premier global city site, Bonifacio Global City (BGC), public symbols of a Filipino nationalism, and the significant impact of the Philippine business process outsourcing (BPO) industry within the country's present economic context. The project references a research phase during the summer of 2012, including informant data and general observations of the city. The main arguments, however, shall be centred around discussions occurring in the present literature; results should be considered preliminary. Ultimately this limited study hopes to forward the discussion on the effect of globalisation on local populations, culturally and economically, and also contribute to discussions on postnationalism. Title: Shifting Identities in a Globalising Metro Manila Author: Belin, Patrick Year: 2013 This paper investigates the Philippine capital of Metro Manila, how it has been redeveloping as a "global city" over the past decade, and how the urban population has been negotiating the remarkable changes to their spatial, economic and sociocultural environment. The investigation assumes that a shift is occurring in the way that Filipinos identify with their country, moving from a national to a more international focus. Examined here are Metro Manila's premier global city site, Bonifacio Global City (BGC), public symbols of a Filipino nationalism, and the significant impact of the Philippine business process outsourcing (BPO) industry within the country's present economic context. The project references a research phase during the summer of 2012, including informant data and general observations of the city. The main arguments, however, shall be centred around discussions occurring in the present literature; results should be considered preliminary. Ultimately this limited study hopes to forward the discussion on the effect of globalisation on local populations, culturally and economically, and also contribute to discussions on postnationalism. Close

• 13. [Article] ‘’A Decision Model to Select the Best Indian City to be Targeted for Solar Panel Business for Industrial Use’’

  Nowadays, there is growing trend in implementing different ‘green initiatives’ in industries. One of those initiatives is maximizing use of renewable sources of energy instead of traditional energy sources. ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: ‘’A Decision Model to Select the Best Indian City to be Targeted for Solar Panel Business for Industrial Use’’ Author: Deshchougule, Gandhali Gajanan Year: 2017 Nowadays, there is growing trend in implementing different ‘green initiatives’ in industries. One of those initiatives is maximizing use of renewable sources of energy instead of traditional energy sources. Many industries in India are taking a step forward to use the environment friendly sources of energy like solar energy, wind energy, tide energy etc. The most important source is solar energy. To convert solar energy into electrical energy, solar panels are required. Because of increasing demand in solar panels, many small scale and mid‐scale Indian companies are planning to start ‘solar panel installation’ business for industries. For such companies, it is necessary to identify the target market to maximize the total sale. This paper gives a decision model to help such company to identify their target customer city. Number of factors affect any decision‐making process and the final decision. For this paper, a four‐level decision model is built with decision problem, four main criteria and nine subcriteria and alternatives. For the scope of this paper, three major metro cities in India are considered as possible choices for final decision. Those cities are alternatives in the model. Hierarchical Decision Modelling which is known as HDM is the methodology used in this paper to evaluate all the alternatives against all criterial and sub‐criteria. HDM online tool is used to take expert’s opinion and evaluation. Five related topic experts are asked for their judgements. With the result analysis and sensitivity analysis, ‘Delhi’ is the city chosen towards final decision. While this model helps to make a sound decision, still there are some opportunities to expand the same model to make it more inclusive. The decision could be made more robust by including experts for specific criteria. More cities could be added as alternatives. Similarly, more criteria and sub‐criteria can be added as per the company’s requirements. Title: ‘’A Decision Model to Select the Best Indian City to be Targeted for Solar Panel Business for Industrial Use’’ Author: Deshchougule, Gandhali Gajanan Year: 2017 Nowadays, there is growing trend in implementing different ‘green initiatives’ in industries. One of those initiatives is maximizing use of renewable sources of energy instead of traditional energy sources. Many industries in India are taking a step forward to use the environment friendly sources of energy like solar energy, wind energy, tide energy etc. The most important source is solar energy. To convert solar energy into electrical energy, solar panels are required. Because of increasing demand in solar panels, many small scale and mid‐scale Indian companies are planning to start ‘solar panel installation’ business for industries. For such companies, it is necessary to identify the target market to maximize the total sale. This paper gives a decision model to help such company to identify their target customer city. Number of factors affect any decision‐making process and the final decision. For this paper, a four‐level decision model is built with decision problem, four main criteria and nine subcriteria and alternatives. For the scope of this paper, three major metro cities in India are considered as possible choices for final decision. Those cities are alternatives in the model. Hierarchical Decision Modelling which is known as HDM is the methodology used in this paper to evaluate all the alternatives against all criterial and sub‐criteria. HDM online tool is used to take expert’s opinion and evaluation. Five related topic experts are asked for their judgements. With the result analysis and sensitivity analysis, ‘Delhi’ is the city chosen towards final decision. While this model helps to make a sound decision, still there are some opportunities to expand the same model to make it more inclusive. The decision could be made more robust by including experts for specific criteria. More cities could be added as alternatives. Similarly, more criteria and sub‐criteria can be added as per the company’s requirements. Close

• 14. [Article] Spanning the Region: A Survey of Bridges in the Metroscape

  Bridges get us where we need to go. They also have character that contributes to a sense of place. Here we profile a selection of bridges in the Portland Metro area to understand the history and logistics ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Spanning the Region: A Survey of Bridges in the Metroscape Author: Oswill, Andrés Year: 2017 Bridges get us where we need to go. They also have character that contributes to a sense of place. Here we profile a selection of bridges in the Portland Metro area to understand the history and logistics of each bridge. When was the bridge built, how was it funded, who maintains it? The bridges we selected reflect the area’s wide variations in bridge style and management. Some of the bridges are county owned; others are run by a state or city transportation department. The bridges range in age, but all are inspected every twenty-four months. A bridge’s story offers important lessons as we consider the need for seismic retrofit and replacing aging structures. By grounding ourselves in a bridge’s past and present, we can spur ideas for addressing our future transportation needs. Title: Spanning the Region: A Survey of Bridges in the Metroscape Author: Oswill, Andrés Year: 2017 Bridges get us where we need to go. They also have character that contributes to a sense of place. Here we profile a selection of bridges in the Portland Metro area to understand the history and logistics of each bridge. When was the bridge built, how was it funded, who maintains it? The bridges we selected reflect the area’s wide variations in bridge style and management. Some of the bridges are county owned; others are run by a state or city transportation department. The bridges range in age, but all are inspected every twenty-four months. A bridge’s story offers important lessons as we consider the need for seismic retrofit and replacing aging structures. By grounding ourselves in a bridge’s past and present, we can spur ideas for addressing our future transportation needs. Close

• 15. [Article] Go2Go Expansion in Hillsboro, OR

  Go2Go is a car sharing service, which operates in major cities of the United States of America. In Oregon, there are 500 Go2Go vehicles spread across the Portland Metro Area. With the population growth ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Go2Go Expansion in Hillsboro, OR Author: Gupta, Apeksha, Kaur, Devender, Her, Pengsee, Chintala, Pratheek Year: 2015 Go2Go is a car sharing service, which operates in major cities of the United States of America. In Oregon, there are 500 Go2Go vehicles spread across the Portland Metro Area. With the population growth in Oregon, the demand of car sharing services also increases. Since increase in its success and demand, Go2Go is looking into expanding into another populated city, such as Hillsboro, Oregon. Hillsboro is the fifth largest city in the state of Oregon and hosts many big technology companies, such as Intel, Nike and Tektronix. This project proposal is backed by Go2Go Sales and Marketing team, which had conducted an in depth Market Research on the expansion. Title: Go2Go Expansion in Hillsboro, OR Author: Gupta, Apeksha, Kaur, Devender, Her, Pengsee, Chintala, Pratheek Year: 2015 Go2Go is a car sharing service, which operates in major cities of the United States of America. In Oregon, there are 500 Go2Go vehicles spread across the Portland Metro Area. With the population growth in Oregon, the demand of car sharing services also increases. Since increase in its success and demand, Go2Go is looking into expanding into another populated city, such as Hillsboro, Oregon. Hillsboro is the fifth largest city in the state of Oregon and hosts many big technology companies, such as Intel, Nike and Tektronix. This project proposal is backed by Go2Go Sales and Marketing team, which had conducted an in depth Market Research on the expansion. Close

• 16. [Article] Hopworks Urban Brewery: A Case of Sustainable Beer

  Founded in 2007 in Portland, Oregon, Hopworks Urban Brewery is a sustainability-focused brewpub that produces certified organic beer. The State of Oregon is the second largest producer of hops, a main ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Hopworks Urban Brewery: A Case of Sustainable Beer Author: Pullman, Madeleine E., Greene, Jacen, Liebmann, Devin, Ho, Nga, Pedisich, Xan Year: 2015 Founded in 2007 in Portland, Oregon, Hopworks Urban Brewery is a sustainability-focused brewpub that produces certified organic beer. The State of Oregon is the second largest producer of hops, a main ingredient in beer, in the United States, and also has more craft breweries per capita than any other state. The metro area of Portland, home to over 2 million people, has over 84 craft breweries within its borders. The craft brewing industry has grown rapidly in the United States over the last decade, with an annualized growth rate of 9.6% from 2009–2014 and a $14.3 billion market in 2013. Craft brewers are small enterprises, producing fewer than six million barrels of beer per year, employing both traditional and innovative brewing methods, and focusing on quality products and connecting with their local community. To date, Hopworks has thrived in this competitive environment, producing over 12,000 barrels of beer per year while staying carbon neutral and diverting 98.6% of their total waste from landfills. Hopworks’ top quality beers have won prestigious national awards. Additionally, Oregon’s Governor has honored the brewery for its achievements as a sustainable business. However, to expand, Hopworks is faced with a number of key decisions that affect its sustainability both economically and ecologically. Christian Ettinger, founder and brewmaster of Hopworks, must make strategic decisions about capital investments, labor allocations, and even the future of their organic certification as he executes a growth plan in line with their sustainable values. In this case, students will be challenged with analyzing all aspects of a sustainability-focused business and considering the many choices a craft brewer, or any small business owner, faces. Title: Hopworks Urban Brewery: A Case of Sustainable Beer Author: Pullman, Madeleine E., Greene, Jacen, Liebmann, Devin, Ho, Nga, Pedisich, Xan Year: 2015 Founded in 2007 in Portland, Oregon, Hopworks Urban Brewery is a sustainability-focused brewpub that produces certified organic beer. The State of Oregon is the second largest producer of hops, a main ingredient in beer, in the United States, and also has more craft breweries per capita than any other state. The metro area of Portland, home to over 2 million people, has over 84 craft breweries within its borders. The craft brewing industry has grown rapidly in the United States over the last decade, with an annualized growth rate of 9.6% from 2009–2014 and a $14.3 billion market in 2013. Craft brewers are small enterprises, producing fewer than six million barrels of beer per year, employing both traditional and innovative brewing methods, and focusing on quality products and connecting with their local community. To date, Hopworks has thrived in this competitive environment, producing over 12,000 barrels of beer per year while staying carbon neutral and diverting 98.6% of their total waste from landfills. Hopworks’ top quality beers have won prestigious national awards. Additionally, Oregon’s Governor has honored the brewery for its achievements as a sustainable business. However, to expand, Hopworks is faced with a number of key decisions that affect its sustainability both economically and ecologically. Christian Ettinger, founder and brewmaster of Hopworks, must make strategic decisions about capital investments, labor allocations, and even the future of their organic certification as he executes a growth plan in line with their sustainable values. In this case, students will be challenged with analyzing all aspects of a sustainability-focused business and considering the many choices a craft brewer, or any small business owner, faces. Close

• 17. [Article] Informing the Plan - Incorporating Stakeholder Hopes, Dreams, and Concerns: An Assessment of the Creekside District Master Plan

  In April 2011, the City of Beaverton adopted its Civic Plan Central City Strategy (“the Civic Plan”). The Civic Plan provided a new understanding of the Central City. One of the Civic Plan’s most important ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Informing the Plan - Incorporating Stakeholder Hopes, Dreams, and Concerns: An Assessment of the Creekside District Master Plan Author: Merrick, Meg Year: 2014 In April 2011, the City of Beaverton adopted its Civic Plan Central City Strategy (“the Civic Plan”). The Civic Plan provided a new understanding of the Central City. One of the Civic Plan’s most important strategic goals was the transformation of the Creekside District (an underutilized 50-acre site situated at the heart of the Central City) into a vibrant, sustainable, mixed-use community. The Creekside District master planning effort (that was supported by a HUD Community Challenge Grant) has built on the Civic Plan, Beaverton’s Community Vision (2010), the Beaverton Urban Renewal Plan (2011), and Metro’s 2040 Growth Concept. The Creekside District Master Plan and Implementation Strategy outlines the investments, projects, and programs that will be needed to transform the District into “a vibrant, mixed-use, transit-oriented downtown neighborhood, where people enjoy easy access to the natural environment, safe and reliable transportation and parking systems, and opportunities for jobs, housing, and entertainment” (Creekside District Master Plan and Implementation Strategy, 2014). Central to the Creekside District master planning process was the engagement of the current business owners and residents in and immediately surrounding the District – in other words, those who will be most directly impacted by the plan. Additionally, recognizing that a significant number of the small business owners and residents who would be affected are racial and ethnic minorities, the City put special emphasis on engaging these typically underrepresented groups in the planning process. The purpose of this report is to assess how well the public input, that was gathered throughout the Creekside District master planning process, has been considered and incorporated into the Creekside District Master Plan. Specifically, this report focuses on the findings of the outreach efforts directed at those most directly impacted by changes to the Creekside District: business owners within the District; residents in and adjacent to the District; and minority community leaders and youth. Following public engagement best practices, the City sought input from these stakeholders early in the planning process to gain a better understanding of how the District does and doesn’t work for them, as well as stakeholders’ hopes for its future. Beginning in the fall, 2012, Beaverton planners conducted a Creekside District mobility audit with transportation planners, representation from the disability community, and pedestrian advocates to get a better understanding of the barriers to mobility, access, and transportation generally within the District. The results of this audit were integrated into the City’s existing conditions analysis. Title: Informing the Plan - Incorporating Stakeholder Hopes, Dreams, and Concerns: An Assessment of the Creekside District Master Plan Author: Merrick, Meg Year: 2014 In April 2011, the City of Beaverton adopted its Civic Plan Central City Strategy (“the Civic Plan”). The Civic Plan provided a new understanding of the Central City. One of the Civic Plan’s most important strategic goals was the transformation of the Creekside District (an underutilized 50-acre site situated at the heart of the Central City) into a vibrant, sustainable, mixed-use community. The Creekside District master planning effort (that was supported by a HUD Community Challenge Grant) has built on the Civic Plan, Beaverton’s Community Vision (2010), the Beaverton Urban Renewal Plan (2011), and Metro’s 2040 Growth Concept. The Creekside District Master Plan and Implementation Strategy outlines the investments, projects, and programs that will be needed to transform the District into “a vibrant, mixed-use, transit-oriented downtown neighborhood, where people enjoy easy access to the natural environment, safe and reliable transportation and parking systems, and opportunities for jobs, housing, and entertainment” (Creekside District Master Plan and Implementation Strategy, 2014). Central to the Creekside District master planning process was the engagement of the current business owners and residents in and immediately surrounding the District – in other words, those who will be most directly impacted by the plan. Additionally, recognizing that a significant number of the small business owners and residents who would be affected are racial and ethnic minorities, the City put special emphasis on engaging these typically underrepresented groups in the planning process. The purpose of this report is to assess how well the public input, that was gathered throughout the Creekside District master planning process, has been considered and incorporated into the Creekside District Master Plan. Specifically, this report focuses on the findings of the outreach efforts directed at those most directly impacted by changes to the Creekside District: business owners within the District; residents in and adjacent to the District; and minority community leaders and youth. Following public engagement best practices, the City sought input from these stakeholders early in the planning process to gain a better understanding of how the District does and doesn’t work for them, as well as stakeholders’ hopes for its future. Beginning in the fall, 2012, Beaverton planners conducted a Creekside District mobility audit with transportation planners, representation from the disability community, and pedestrian advocates to get a better understanding of the barriers to mobility, access, and transportation generally within the District. The results of this audit were integrated into the City’s existing conditions analysis. Close

• 18. [Article] Improving Travel Information Products via Robust Estimation Techniques

  Traffic-monitoring systems, such as those using loop detectors, are prone to coverage gaps, arising from sensor noise, processing errors and transmission problems. Such gaps adversely affect the accuracy ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Improving Travel Information Products via Robust Estimation Techniques Author: Maier, David, Tufte, Kristin A., Fernández Moctezuma, Rafael J. Year: 2009 Traffic-monitoring systems, such as those using loop detectors, are prone to coverage gaps, arising from sensor noise, processing errors and transmission problems. Such gaps adversely affect the accuracy of Advanced Traveler Information Systems. This project will explore models based on historical data that can provide estimates to fill such gaps. We build on an initial study by Mr. Rafael J. Fernandez-Moctezuma, using both a linear model and an artificial neural network (ANN) trained on historical data to estimate values for reporting gaps. These initial models were 80% and 89% accurate, respectively, in estimating the correct speed range, and misclassifications were always between adjacent speed ranges (in particular, the free-flow range and congested range were never confused). Going forward, we will investigate other non-linear models, such as Gaussian Mixtures, that provide further statistical metrics, in contrast to the uninterpreted weights of ANNs. This work will exploit the Portland Transportation Archive Listing (PORTAL) at the Intelligent Transportation Systems Laboratory at PSU. Dr. Tufte helps supervise development of PORTAL, and Mr. Fernandez used PORTAL data in his study. PORTAL holds more than two years of Portland-area freeway-loop-detector data at both detailed and aggregated levels, and is an ideal resource for the proposed work. Initially we will be building and testing estimators in off-line mode. We will select a highway segment (comprising multiple detector stations) that is representative in terms of pattern of outages. We will build models for this segment, then examine their performance on estimates for synthetic gaps (so we can compare estimates to reported values). Later, using live loop-detector data (which PORTAL supports), we will work towards on-line estimation over the local freeway network, which requires computing estimates in a timely manner. Our end target is improvements in end-user travel information products, such as the Portland-Metro Speed Map on ODOT's Trip Check. Our main evaluation metric will be the trade-off curve bewteen accuracy of prediciton and percentage of gaps that can be filled. This research supports national surface-transportation research priorities, including the Systems Management Information area (ITS JPO). Within that area, it relates to (2) Data Management (techniques and guidance for processing and managing data associated with highway and transit monitoring) and (5) Data Dissemination (exchanging information about transportation services and providing that information to travelers). [Page 3-15, U.S. Department of Transportation Research, Development, and Technology Plan, 6th Edition] Title: Improving Travel Information Products via Robust Estimation Techniques Author: Maier, David, Tufte, Kristin A., Fernández Moctezuma, Rafael J. Year: 2009 Traffic-monitoring systems, such as those using loop detectors, are prone to coverage gaps, arising from sensor noise, processing errors and transmission problems. Such gaps adversely affect the accuracy of Advanced Traveler Information Systems. This project will explore models based on historical data that can provide estimates to fill such gaps. We build on an initial study by Mr. Rafael J. Fernandez-Moctezuma, using both a linear model and an artificial neural network (ANN) trained on historical data to estimate values for reporting gaps. These initial models were 80% and 89% accurate, respectively, in estimating the correct speed range, and misclassifications were always between adjacent speed ranges (in particular, the free-flow range and congested range were never confused). Going forward, we will investigate other non-linear models, such as Gaussian Mixtures, that provide further statistical metrics, in contrast to the uninterpreted weights of ANNs. This work will exploit the Portland Transportation Archive Listing (PORTAL) at the Intelligent Transportation Systems Laboratory at PSU. Dr. Tufte helps supervise development of PORTAL, and Mr. Fernandez used PORTAL data in his study. PORTAL holds more than two years of Portland-area freeway-loop-detector data at both detailed and aggregated levels, and is an ideal resource for the proposed work. Initially we will be building and testing estimators in off-line mode. We will select a highway segment (comprising multiple detector stations) that is representative in terms of pattern of outages. We will build models for this segment, then examine their performance on estimates for synthetic gaps (so we can compare estimates to reported values). Later, using live loop-detector data (which PORTAL supports), we will work towards on-line estimation over the local freeway network, which requires computing estimates in a timely manner. Our end target is improvements in end-user travel information products, such as the Portland-Metro Speed Map on ODOT's Trip Check. Our main evaluation metric will be the trade-off curve bewteen accuracy of prediciton and percentage of gaps that can be filled. This research supports national surface-transportation research priorities, including the Systems Management Information area (ITS JPO). Within that area, it relates to (2) Data Management (techniques and guidance for processing and managing data associated with highway and transit monitoring) and (5) Data Dissemination (exchanging information about transportation services and providing that information to travelers). [Page 3-15, U.S. Department of Transportation Research, Development, and Technology Plan, 6th Edition] Close

• 19. [Article] Trail Planning & Community Service Curriculum

  The objective of this project was to develop a new trail planning curriculum and conduct a regional trail research project in the Portland metropolitan area. The curriculum was created for a community ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Trail Planning & Community Service Curriculum Author: Weigand, Lynn Year: 2010 The objective of this project was to develop a new trail planning curriculum and conduct a regional trail research project in the Portland metropolitan area. The curriculum was created for a community service-based, University Capstone course at Portland State University (PSU), with Metro (regional government) as the community course partner. Project goals included: Expanding opportunities for undergraduate students to study trail design and planning for transportation and recreational walking and bicycling; Providing practical application of knowledge to a trail planning project through research and data collection on trail use; Raising awareness of bicycle and pedestrian travel among students in disciplines other than planning and engineering; Fostering continuing involvement and interest in regional bicycle and pedestrian travel and trail development; Conducting research on the amount and type of use of identified regional trails to demonstrate their value in the regional transportation network; and Providing a model for trail planning and research curriculum. Title: Trail Planning & Community Service Curriculum Author: Weigand, Lynn Year: 2010 The objective of this project was to develop a new trail planning curriculum and conduct a regional trail research project in the Portland metropolitan area. The curriculum was created for a community service-based, University Capstone course at Portland State University (PSU), with Metro (regional government) as the community course partner. Project goals included: Expanding opportunities for undergraduate students to study trail design and planning for transportation and recreational walking and bicycling; Providing practical application of knowledge to a trail planning project through research and data collection on trail use; Raising awareness of bicycle and pedestrian travel among students in disciplines other than planning and engineering; Fostering continuing involvement and interest in regional bicycle and pedestrian travel and trail development; Conducting research on the amount and type of use of identified regional trails to demonstrate their value in the regional transportation network; and Providing a model for trail planning and research curriculum. Close

• 20. [Article] Impacts of Low-Speed Vehicles on Transportation Infrastructure and Safety

  There are increasing numbers of low-speed electric vehicles (LSVs) on public roadways. These vehicles are designed to be used within protected environments and on roadways with a maximum posted speed of ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Impacts of Low-Speed Vehicles on Transportation Infrastructure and Safety Author: Hunter-Zaworski, Katharine M., Cornell, Linda Year: 2010 There are increasing numbers of low-speed electric vehicles (LSVs) on public roadways. These vehicles are designed to be used within protected environments and on roadways with a maximum posted speed of 25 mph. Currently these vehicles are not subject to the same federal requirements for occupant protection as passenger cars. This research project investigated safety standards, operating regulations, and LSV manufacturer materials from sources around the world. The purpose of the research was to determine positive and negative impacts that LSVs, including Neighborhood Electric Vehicles (NEVs) and Medium Speed Electric Vehicles (MSEVs), are likely to have for the Oregon Department of Transportation (ODOT) and Oregon communities, and whether adjustments in current state regulations are needed to ensure that LSVs do not negatively impact road safety and traffic operations, or expose the LSV operators to undue risk. The U.S. and Canadian federal motor vehicle safety agencies have harmonized their regulations and stipulated the maximum operating speed of these vehicles, however state and local roadway authorities have regulated the maximum speed of roadways and intersection characteristics on which these vehicles can operate. The significant recommendations of this research are: (i)The State of Oregon regulations for LSVs should be amended such that LSVs are limited to public roadways with a maximum operating speed of 25 mph, and they are restricted to crossing higher speed roadways at four-way Stop or traffic controlled intersections, (ii) local transportation authorities should develop parallel or secondary low-speed transportation networks that connect residential neighborhoods with major activity centers Title: Impacts of Low-Speed Vehicles on Transportation Infrastructure and Safety Author: Hunter-Zaworski, Katharine M., Cornell, Linda Year: 2010 There are increasing numbers of low-speed electric vehicles (LSVs) on public roadways. These vehicles are designed to be used within protected environments and on roadways with a maximum posted speed of 25 mph. Currently these vehicles are not subject to the same federal requirements for occupant protection as passenger cars. This research project investigated safety standards, operating regulations, and LSV manufacturer materials from sources around the world. The purpose of the research was to determine positive and negative impacts that LSVs, including Neighborhood Electric Vehicles (NEVs) and Medium Speed Electric Vehicles (MSEVs), are likely to have for the Oregon Department of Transportation (ODOT) and Oregon communities, and whether adjustments in current state regulations are needed to ensure that LSVs do not negatively impact road safety and traffic operations, or expose the LSV operators to undue risk. The U.S. and Canadian federal motor vehicle safety agencies have harmonized their regulations and stipulated the maximum operating speed of these vehicles, however state and local roadway authorities have regulated the maximum speed of roadways and intersection characteristics on which these vehicles can operate. The significant recommendations of this research are: (i)The State of Oregon regulations for LSVs should be amended such that LSVs are limited to public roadways with a maximum operating speed of 25 mph, and they are restricted to crossing higher speed roadways at four-way Stop or traffic controlled intersections, (ii) local transportation authorities should develop parallel or secondary low-speed transportation networks that connect residential neighborhoods with major activity centers Close

• 21. [Article] Data-Driven Illustrations for Climate Smart Communities Scenarios

  Public investment in transit and streetscape improvements can encourage private development, and subsequently increase transit ridership and reduce pollution. Portland, OR’s Metro regional government has ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Data-Driven Illustrations for Climate Smart Communities Scenarios Author: Cheng, Nancy Yen-wen, Ellis, Kim, Vogt, Molly, Chiavarini, Clint, Houk, Justin, Lockyear, Brian, Postma, Boyce, Morell, Peggy Year: 2013 Public investment in transit and streetscape improvements can encourage private development, and subsequently increase transit ridership and reduce pollution. Portland, OR’s Metro regional government has developed investment scenarios designed to reduce light vehicle carbon emissions. Adopting a regional scenario requires public review and consultation with local governments who will implement the comprehensive plans and land-use regulations. Decision makers and residents need to understand potential benefits: ways in which targeted investment could generate more livable urban spaces while reducing greenhouse gases. Illustrations can show how the investments could shape the pedestrian experience through trees, street furniture, buildings, open spaces, etc. This report explains a new workflow to illustrate urban development possibilities that can be adjusted according to evolving forecasts. Developing accessible scenario illustrations from city and regional planning forecasts requires sound analysis and thoughtful graphics to effectively communicate the analysis results. Our workflow connects planning forecasts (incorporating economic, transportation and land development data) to a parametric urban modeler to generate development massing, with views refined with 3D and 2D graphic procedures. Our objective has been to streamline the creation of visuals that communicate community development patterns and amenities provided with different levels of investment. A streamlined procedure allows different designers to generate illustrations with a consistent graphic style. The report documents the workflow, and identifies challenges, opportunities and questions for further work. Title: Data-Driven Illustrations for Climate Smart Communities Scenarios Author: Cheng, Nancy Yen-wen, Ellis, Kim, Vogt, Molly, Chiavarini, Clint, Houk, Justin, Lockyear, Brian, Postma, Boyce, Morell, Peggy Year: 2013 Public investment in transit and streetscape improvements can encourage private development, and subsequently increase transit ridership and reduce pollution. Portland, OR’s Metro regional government has developed investment scenarios designed to reduce light vehicle carbon emissions. Adopting a regional scenario requires public review and consultation with local governments who will implement the comprehensive plans and land-use regulations. Decision makers and residents need to understand potential benefits: ways in which targeted investment could generate more livable urban spaces while reducing greenhouse gases. Illustrations can show how the investments could shape the pedestrian experience through trees, street furniture, buildings, open spaces, etc. This report explains a new workflow to illustrate urban development possibilities that can be adjusted according to evolving forecasts. Developing accessible scenario illustrations from city and regional planning forecasts requires sound analysis and thoughtful graphics to effectively communicate the analysis results. Our workflow connects planning forecasts (incorporating economic, transportation and land development data) to a parametric urban modeler to generate development massing, with views refined with 3D and 2D graphic procedures. Our objective has been to streamline the creation of visuals that communicate community development patterns and amenities provided with different levels of investment. A streamlined procedure allows different designers to generate illustrations with a consistent graphic style. The report documents the workflow, and identifies challenges, opportunities and questions for further work. Close

• 22. [Article] The Development of Low-/No-Emission Electric Vehicle Infrastructure in the Portland Metro Region: A Roadmap

  The shift from combustion engines to low- and no-emission electric vehicles is underway and gaining momentum. During the last year, Oregon has become an active player in the electric vehicle arena, with ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Development of Low-/No-Emission Electric Vehicle Infrastructure in the Portland Metro Region: A Roadmap Author: MacArthur, John, Murchie, Peter, Beard, George Year: 2014 The shift from combustion engines to low- and no-emission electric vehicles is underway and gaining momentum. During the last year, Oregon has become an active player in the electric vehicle arena, with a number of promising relationships and activities in the early stages of formalization. With additional thought, effort and strategy Oregon can seize the opportunity to become the national leader in the adoption and incorporation of new vehicle platforms and mobility strategies into the fabric of urban life and the built environment. Oregon is currently actively engaged in relationships with international automotive companies and local businesses and utilities interested in being part of the "Portland Experiment." This proposal seeks funding to support the creation of a comprehensive roadmap for the development of low/no emission vehicle infrastructure in the Portland Metro region. The roadmap will guide research, education, partnership initiatives, and community engagement activities at Portland State University (PSU) and the Portland Metro region. The project will build momentum on a number of efforts currently underway including the Governor's Alternative Fuels Infrastructure Working Group, Oregon Department of Transportation's Office of Innovative Partnerships & Alternative Funding activities, and local utility and international automotive industry interest in Portland and other national efforts through the U.S. Department of Transportation. This roadmap will truly have a multi-disciplinary, multi-partner, and multi-campus focus and outcomes. The roadmap will focus on developing a unifying strategy, plan, knowledge base for low and no-emission vehicles, alternative fuels infrastructure and other sustainable mobility innovations. The specific research objectives for this project are to: 1) Strengthening and broadening strategic partnerships that will provide financial and other continuing research, education, and community engagement opportunities in electric vehicle infrastructure. 2) Develop a strategic roadmap for Portland to achieve a plug-in readiness in the next two years. 3) Develop a comprehensive research agenda, to evaluate wide array of research and testing needs for the Region. 4) Coordinate with national efforts through the Rocky Mountain Institute’s Project Get Ready, sharing knowledge with other participating Project Get Ready cities and other Oregon cities. This project will be a joint effort between OTREC and the Hatfield School of Government through the National Policy Consensus Center's (NPCC) Oregon Solutions program and the Executive Leadership Institute. Methods include a thorough literature review (print and web); an inventory of state, local agencies and municipalities actions; interviews with key partners; and a consensus building initiative. NPCC's Oregon Solutions program will use its expertise and experience in collaborative governance practices to provide the convening and facilitation system support to bring diverse stakeholders to the table to inform, develop and initiate the implementation of the roadmap. Oregon Solutions staff will engage in information collection, interviews and other efforts to assess the interests and resources of the project partners, refine the vision, and design and support the collaborative convening for the project. This includes developing agendas, products and materials and providing facilitation, note taking and post meeting follow up leading to a declaration of cooperation that will codify the individual and group commitments, roles and responsibilities for implementing the roadmap. Title: The Development of Low-/No-Emission Electric Vehicle Infrastructure in the Portland Metro Region: A Roadmap Author: MacArthur, John, Murchie, Peter, Beard, George Year: 2014 The shift from combustion engines to low- and no-emission electric vehicles is underway and gaining momentum. During the last year, Oregon has become an active player in the electric vehicle arena, with a number of promising relationships and activities in the early stages of formalization. With additional thought, effort and strategy Oregon can seize the opportunity to become the national leader in the adoption and incorporation of new vehicle platforms and mobility strategies into the fabric of urban life and the built environment. Oregon is currently actively engaged in relationships with international automotive companies and local businesses and utilities interested in being part of the "Portland Experiment." This proposal seeks funding to support the creation of a comprehensive roadmap for the development of low/no emission vehicle infrastructure in the Portland Metro region. The roadmap will guide research, education, partnership initiatives, and community engagement activities at Portland State University (PSU) and the Portland Metro region. The project will build momentum on a number of efforts currently underway including the Governor's Alternative Fuels Infrastructure Working Group, Oregon Department of Transportation's Office of Innovative Partnerships & Alternative Funding activities, and local utility and international automotive industry interest in Portland and other national efforts through the U.S. Department of Transportation. This roadmap will truly have a multi-disciplinary, multi-partner, and multi-campus focus and outcomes. The roadmap will focus on developing a unifying strategy, plan, knowledge base for low and no-emission vehicles, alternative fuels infrastructure and other sustainable mobility innovations. The specific research objectives for this project are to: 1) Strengthening and broadening strategic partnerships that will provide financial and other continuing research, education, and community engagement opportunities in electric vehicle infrastructure. 2) Develop a strategic roadmap for Portland to achieve a plug-in readiness in the next two years. 3) Develop a comprehensive research agenda, to evaluate wide array of research and testing needs for the Region. 4) Coordinate with national efforts through the Rocky Mountain Institute’s Project Get Ready, sharing knowledge with other participating Project Get Ready cities and other Oregon cities. This project will be a joint effort between OTREC and the Hatfield School of Government through the National Policy Consensus Center's (NPCC) Oregon Solutions program and the Executive Leadership Institute. Methods include a thorough literature review (print and web); an inventory of state, local agencies and municipalities actions; interviews with key partners; and a consensus building initiative. NPCC's Oregon Solutions program will use its expertise and experience in collaborative governance practices to provide the convening and facilitation system support to bring diverse stakeholders to the table to inform, develop and initiate the implementation of the roadmap. Oregon Solutions staff will engage in information collection, interviews and other efforts to assess the interests and resources of the project partners, refine the vision, and design and support the collaborative convening for the project. This includes developing agendas, products and materials and providing facilitation, note taking and post meeting follow up leading to a declaration of cooperation that will codify the individual and group commitments, roles and responsibilities for implementing the roadmap. Close

• 23. [Article] Investigations In Transportation

  The Investigations in Transportation program is an elementary school partnership and curriculum development project that will engage science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) professionals ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Investigations In Transportation Author: Becker, William G., Biskupic Knight, Carol Year: 2015 The Investigations in Transportation program is an elementary school partnership and curriculum development project that will engage science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) professionals in school-based activities and projects that will bring real-world applications to elementary classrooms for grades 3-5. The Portland Metro STEM Partnership (PMSP) is providing leadership and facilitation to a team of educators from Portland State University, Beaverton School District and Hillsboro School District who will work with volunteers from the Oregon Department of Transportation (ODOT) to design, develop, implement and assess the impact of an in-class unit entitled "Investigations in Transportation". This report presents a study of a transportation education partnership and curriculum development project that harnessed the professional expertise, experience and enthusiasm of transportation-sector STEM workers by creating a mechanism and set of protocols by which they engaged with elementary school teachers to develop and implement an instructional unit. This STEM-connected instructional unit and lessons allowed students to explore and investigate issues central to transportation. The unit incorporated and enhanced the content and practice standards outlined by the Common Core State Standards and Next Generation Science Standards, and relied heavily on the instructional and curriculum expertise and experience of classroom teachers to develop an age- and interest-appropriate unit of study. This collaboration resulted in the development of an Investigations in Transportation instructional unit that provided students with rich, engaging learning opportunities set in the context of real-world problems around a school parking lot dilemma focused on safety, sustainability and health concerns. The education project team utilized a coherent and cohesive curriculum development process for unit creation and evaluated the development, implementation and reflection of the unit through teacher and student surveys/assessments of attitudes, identity and conceptual understanding. The report describes the process successes, challenges and replication opportunities. Title: Investigations In Transportation Author: Becker, William G., Biskupic Knight, Carol Year: 2015 The Investigations in Transportation program is an elementary school partnership and curriculum development project that will engage science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) professionals in school-based activities and projects that will bring real-world applications to elementary classrooms for grades 3-5. The Portland Metro STEM Partnership (PMSP) is providing leadership and facilitation to a team of educators from Portland State University, Beaverton School District and Hillsboro School District who will work with volunteers from the Oregon Department of Transportation (ODOT) to design, develop, implement and assess the impact of an in-class unit entitled "Investigations in Transportation". This report presents a study of a transportation education partnership and curriculum development project that harnessed the professional expertise, experience and enthusiasm of transportation-sector STEM workers by creating a mechanism and set of protocols by which they engaged with elementary school teachers to develop and implement an instructional unit. This STEM-connected instructional unit and lessons allowed students to explore and investigate issues central to transportation. The unit incorporated and enhanced the content and practice standards outlined by the Common Core State Standards and Next Generation Science Standards, and relied heavily on the instructional and curriculum expertise and experience of classroom teachers to develop an age- and interest-appropriate unit of study. This collaboration resulted in the development of an Investigations in Transportation instructional unit that provided students with rich, engaging learning opportunities set in the context of real-world problems around a school parking lot dilemma focused on safety, sustainability and health concerns. The education project team utilized a coherent and cohesive curriculum development process for unit creation and evaluated the development, implementation and reflection of the unit through teacher and student surveys/assessments of attitudes, identity and conceptual understanding. The report describes the process successes, challenges and replication opportunities. Close

• 24. [Article] Contextual Influences on Trip Generation

  There is national interest in building data that expands upon the existing Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE) trip generation rates to include sites located in a multi-modal context. Current ITE ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Contextual Influences on Trip Generation Author: Clifton, Kelly J., Currans, Kristina Marie, Muhs, Christopher D. Year: 2012 There is national interest in building data that expands upon the existing Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE) trip generation rates to include sites located in a multi-modal context. Current ITE rates represent travel behavior for development in single lots and uses, primarily measured in low-density suburban areas. Despite evidence that a more compact urban form, access to transit and a greater mix of uses generates fewer and shorter vehicle trips, local governments are often compelled to use current ITE trip generation rates to evaluate transportation impacts and calculate transportation system development charges (TSDCs). This is due to: a) the expense of collecting local data, b) lack of alternative sources of information, c) the strong industry bias toward using ITE published rates and d) the absence of a empirically tested methodology for adjusting those rates for development occurring in different land use and transportation contexts. Compounding these challenges, cities in Oregon are required to demonstrate that planning and zoning changes will not degrade the performance of state-owned transportation facilities compared to the levels of service documented in the Regional Transportation Plan under the Oregon Transportation Planning Rule, section -0060, and Oregon Highway Plan, Policy 1.F.6. These requirements can conflict with regional policies in Metro's 2040 Growth Concept that call for development of mixed-use centers and corridors to support jobs and freight reliability, a compact urban form and leverage transportation investments such as high capacity transit. Thus, there are gaps in the understanding about how best to evaluate, mitigate and plan for growth under these conditions. This research proposes to develop multi-modal trip generation rates that better reflect the relationship between land use, transportation and travel demand for specific land use types located in various urban settings. The project aims to collect local data (using multi-modal counts and establishment surveys) on a few specific land uses (deemed most problematic to estimate demand and occurring across the spectrum of urban conditions) to develop trip generation rates that are sensitive to demographic, land use and transportation contexts. These new trip rates will be compared to the ITE rates for the same land use category and a methodology for adjusting the ITE rates will be developed. This adjustment methodology will be validated, using additional data collected in this research. The research will be documented and made available to local partners and disseminated widely to reach out to other communities across the country. The research conducted for this project would account for how the built environment (e.g., both land use and transportation) influences travel behavior (number of trips, trip length, mode choice), and determine trip rates that reflect the entire activity spectrum of different development/place typologies. This is extremely important in determining the impact of different development types on the transportation system to: 1) avoid over-planning the system for the surrounding land uses; (2) suggest strategies and investment priorities to encourage more compact, mixed-use areas with more transportation choices and 3) avoid creating regulatory and/or financial barriers to compact form envisioned by local, regional and statewide plans (i.e. uniform TSDCs can result in lower impact development paying the same rates, and thus subsidizing development with higher impact costs to the transportation system). The documentation of the findings and methodology will be applicable to current and future growth and be transferable to other communities, locally and nationally, beyond the Portland region. Title: Contextual Influences on Trip Generation Author: Clifton, Kelly J., Currans, Kristina Marie, Muhs, Christopher D. Year: 2012 There is national interest in building data that expands upon the existing Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE) trip generation rates to include sites located in a multi-modal context. Current ITE rates represent travel behavior for development in single lots and uses, primarily measured in low-density suburban areas. Despite evidence that a more compact urban form, access to transit and a greater mix of uses generates fewer and shorter vehicle trips, local governments are often compelled to use current ITE trip generation rates to evaluate transportation impacts and calculate transportation system development charges (TSDCs). This is due to: a) the expense of collecting local data, b) lack of alternative sources of information, c) the strong industry bias toward using ITE published rates and d) the absence of a empirically tested methodology for adjusting those rates for development occurring in different land use and transportation contexts. Compounding these challenges, cities in Oregon are required to demonstrate that planning and zoning changes will not degrade the performance of state-owned transportation facilities compared to the levels of service documented in the Regional Transportation Plan under the Oregon Transportation Planning Rule, section -0060, and Oregon Highway Plan, Policy 1.F.6. These requirements can conflict with regional policies in Metro's 2040 Growth Concept that call for development of mixed-use centers and corridors to support jobs and freight reliability, a compact urban form and leverage transportation investments such as high capacity transit. Thus, there are gaps in the understanding about how best to evaluate, mitigate and plan for growth under these conditions. This research proposes to develop multi-modal trip generation rates that better reflect the relationship between land use, transportation and travel demand for specific land use types located in various urban settings. The project aims to collect local data (using multi-modal counts and establishment surveys) on a few specific land uses (deemed most problematic to estimate demand and occurring across the spectrum of urban conditions) to develop trip generation rates that are sensitive to demographic, land use and transportation contexts. These new trip rates will be compared to the ITE rates for the same land use category and a methodology for adjusting the ITE rates will be developed. This adjustment methodology will be validated, using additional data collected in this research. The research will be documented and made available to local partners and disseminated widely to reach out to other communities across the country. The research conducted for this project would account for how the built environment (e.g., both land use and transportation) influences travel behavior (number of trips, trip length, mode choice), and determine trip rates that reflect the entire activity spectrum of different development/place typologies. This is extremely important in determining the impact of different development types on the transportation system to: 1) avoid over-planning the system for the surrounding land uses; (2) suggest strategies and investment priorities to encourage more compact, mixed-use areas with more transportation choices and 3) avoid creating regulatory and/or financial barriers to compact form envisioned by local, regional and statewide plans (i.e. uniform TSDCs can result in lower impact development paying the same rates, and thus subsidizing development with higher impact costs to the transportation system). The documentation of the findings and methodology will be applicable to current and future growth and be transferable to other communities, locally and nationally, beyond the Portland region. Close

• 25. [Article] Bus Fleet Type and Age Replacement Optimization: A case study utilizing King County Metro fleet data

  Bus fleet data have consistently shown that vehicle operating and maintenance costs increase as vehicles age. A fleet manager has to deal with the tradeoff between the lower operating and maintenance costs ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Bus Fleet Type and Age Replacement Optimization: A case study utilizing King County Metro fleet data Author: Feng, Wei, Figliozzi, Miguel A. Year: 2012 Bus fleet data have consistently shown that vehicle operating and maintenance costs increase as vehicles age. A fleet manager has to deal with the tradeoff between the lower operating and maintenance costs of newer fleets and their higher initial capital costs as well as the tradeoff between conventional and fuel efficient bus technologies. This study formulates and implements a fleet replacement optimization framework that is applied to a case study that compares two bus types: a conventional diesel and a hybrid bus. Employing real-world bus fleet data from King County Metro (Washington State, USA) multiple scenarios are examined to account for uncertainty and variability in the model parameters. In addition sensitivity analyses are performed to study the impacts of parameter values on optimal replacement policies and the per-mile costs. Key findings include: the Federal Transit Administration (FTA) purchase cost subsidy has the highest impact on the optimal replacement policies; without FTA subsidy it is always cost effective to adopt diesel buses and replace them every 20 years. With an 80% purchase cost FTA subsidy, hybrid buses are the best choice; the optimal hybrid bus replacement cycle decreases from 18 to 14 years with increasing annual utilizations and operating and maintenance costs or decreasing hybrid purchase price and fuel economy. Fuel price, emissions costs, and initial bus age have little impact on optimal replacement policies. However, discount rate and diesel bus price, annual utilization (in 0% FTA subsidy scenario) and fuel price (in 80% FTA subsidy scenario) have the highest impacts on per-mile costs. Title: Bus Fleet Type and Age Replacement Optimization: A case study utilizing King County Metro fleet data Author: Feng, Wei, Figliozzi, Miguel A. Year: 2012 Bus fleet data have consistently shown that vehicle operating and maintenance costs increase as vehicles age. A fleet manager has to deal with the tradeoff between the lower operating and maintenance costs of newer fleets and their higher initial capital costs as well as the tradeoff between conventional and fuel efficient bus technologies. This study formulates and implements a fleet replacement optimization framework that is applied to a case study that compares two bus types: a conventional diesel and a hybrid bus. Employing real-world bus fleet data from King County Metro (Washington State, USA) multiple scenarios are examined to account for uncertainty and variability in the model parameters. In addition sensitivity analyses are performed to study the impacts of parameter values on optimal replacement policies and the per-mile costs. Key findings include: the Federal Transit Administration (FTA) purchase cost subsidy has the highest impact on the optimal replacement policies; without FTA subsidy it is always cost effective to adopt diesel buses and replace them every 20 years. With an 80% purchase cost FTA subsidy, hybrid buses are the best choice; the optimal hybrid bus replacement cycle decreases from 18 to 14 years with increasing annual utilizations and operating and maintenance costs or decreasing hybrid purchase price and fuel economy. Fuel price, emissions costs, and initial bus age have little impact on optimal replacement policies. However, discount rate and diesel bus price, annual utilization (in 0% FTA subsidy scenario) and fuel price (in 80% FTA subsidy scenario) have the highest impacts on per-mile costs. Close

• 26. [Article] Indicators of the Metroscape: Dropouts

  A brief overview of high school drop rates for Oregon with a focus on the Portland Metro Area.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Indicators of the Metroscape: Dropouts Author: Fiore, Ellie Year: 2004 A brief overview of high school drop rates for Oregon with a focus on the Portland Metro Area. Title: Indicators of the Metroscape: Dropouts Author: Fiore, Ellie Year: 2004 A brief overview of high school drop rates for Oregon with a focus on the Portland Metro Area. Close

• 27. [Article] The Equity Baseline Report: A Framework for Regional Equity

  The Equity Baseline Report: A Framework for Regional Equity is an authentic community-led report resulting from a yearlong collaborative effort conducted by six local community based organizations (CBOs). ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Equity Baseline Report: A Framework for Regional Equity Author: Franz, Jared, Goughnour, Cat, Hwang, Duncan, Jama, Kayse, Merrick, Meg, Riley, Andre, Vergara-Monroy, Gerardo Year: 2015 The Equity Baseline Report: A Framework for Regional Equity is an authentic community-led report resulting from a yearlong collaborative effort conducted by six local community based organizations (CBOs). The organizations were selected competitively to work under contract with Metro staff to identify, inventory, classify and recommend quantitative and qualitative evidence-based indicators and corresponding data sets that measure the varying degrees by which people experience equity in our region. Title: The Equity Baseline Report: A Framework for Regional Equity Author: Franz, Jared, Goughnour, Cat, Hwang, Duncan, Jama, Kayse, Merrick, Meg, Riley, Andre, Vergara-Monroy, Gerardo Year: 2015 The Equity Baseline Report: A Framework for Regional Equity is an authentic community-led report resulting from a yearlong collaborative effort conducted by six local community based organizations (CBOs). The organizations were selected competitively to work under contract with Metro staff to identify, inventory, classify and recommend quantitative and qualitative evidence-based indicators and corresponding data sets that measure the varying degrees by which people experience equity in our region. Close

• 28. [Article] PhotoVoice as Authentic Civic Engagement: Lessons Learned in One Immigrant Community

  It is widely acknowledged that equitable and sustainable public policy can only be achieved when it is informed by the concerns, hopes, and experiences of those who are affected. Public agencies wishing ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: PhotoVoice as Authentic Civic Engagement: Lessons Learned in One Immigrant Community Author: Merrick, Meg, Mejia, Angie Year: 2010 It is widely acknowledged that equitable and sustainable public policy can only be achieved when it is informed by the concerns, hopes, and experiences of those who are affected. Public agencies wishing to engage recent immigrants can find this to be challenging, however. Effective public participation and civic engagement can be difficult when community members cannot speak English and/or come from very different cultural and political environments. The Chronic Disease Prevention Program (CDPP) of the Multnomah County Health Department and Metro, two public agencies serving the Portland, Oregon region, have actively sought to learn from the experiences of immigrant community members. Concerned about the obesity epidemic among youth, especially in Latino populations where obesity rates are particularly high (National Survey of Children’s Health, 2007), the Multnomah County CDPP was awarded a 5-year grant from the Northwest Health Foundation to engage in a participatory research and education project, the Healthy Eating Active Living (HEAL) initiative, to gain a deeper understanding of the root causes of poor nutrition and inactivity in a community of recent Latino immigrants in north Portland and to provide them with healthy eating and active living education and opportunities. For this initiative, the CDPP adopted a socio-ecological model of health that recognizes that human behavior is a product of intrapersonal, interpersonal, organizational, environmental, and policy influences; the project was specifically designed to address all of these dimensions. It was hoped that the education and skill development offered by the project would not only lead to individual behavior change but that the HEAL initiative’s strategies would influence larger community norms and affect policy change. What follows is a more detailed discussion of the rationale for choosing Photovoice for the HEAL initiative, some of the challenges we faced in recruiting participants for the project, a description of the PhotoVoice methodology (specifically the stages of the Photovoice process and how it worked in this case), some examples of the products and findings of the Photovoice project, and concludes with lessons learned including some long term implications of this approach. Title: PhotoVoice as Authentic Civic Engagement: Lessons Learned in One Immigrant Community Author: Merrick, Meg, Mejia, Angie Year: 2010 It is widely acknowledged that equitable and sustainable public policy can only be achieved when it is informed by the concerns, hopes, and experiences of those who are affected. Public agencies wishing to engage recent immigrants can find this to be challenging, however. Effective public participation and civic engagement can be difficult when community members cannot speak English and/or come from very different cultural and political environments. The Chronic Disease Prevention Program (CDPP) of the Multnomah County Health Department and Metro, two public agencies serving the Portland, Oregon region, have actively sought to learn from the experiences of immigrant community members. Concerned about the obesity epidemic among youth, especially in Latino populations where obesity rates are particularly high (National Survey of Children’s Health, 2007), the Multnomah County CDPP was awarded a 5-year grant from the Northwest Health Foundation to engage in a participatory research and education project, the Healthy Eating Active Living (HEAL) initiative, to gain a deeper understanding of the root causes of poor nutrition and inactivity in a community of recent Latino immigrants in north Portland and to provide them with healthy eating and active living education and opportunities. For this initiative, the CDPP adopted a socio-ecological model of health that recognizes that human behavior is a product of intrapersonal, interpersonal, organizational, environmental, and policy influences; the project was specifically designed to address all of these dimensions. It was hoped that the education and skill development offered by the project would not only lead to individual behavior change but that the HEAL initiative’s strategies would influence larger community norms and affect policy change. What follows is a more detailed discussion of the rationale for choosing Photovoice for the HEAL initiative, some of the challenges we faced in recruiting participants for the project, a description of the PhotoVoice methodology (specifically the stages of the Photovoice process and how it worked in this case), some examples of the products and findings of the Photovoice project, and concludes with lessons learned including some long term implications of this approach. Close

• 29. [Article] Planning in the Portland Metropolitan Area after Measure 37

  Created in the aftermath of Measure 37, the Russill Fellowship is aimed at examining non-regulatory land use planning tools and their potential application in the Portland Metropolitan area, with a particular ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Planning in the Portland Metropolitan Area after Measure 37 Author: Reid, Ted Year: 2006 Created in the aftermath of Measure 37, the Russill Fellowship is aimed at examining non-regulatory land use planning tools and their potential application in the Portland Metropolitan area, with a particular emphasis on habitat conservation. The above-mentioned ballot initiative and the larger private property rights movement have given an indication that Oregon voters perceive inequities in the State’s land use planning system. It is also clear that Oregonians still place a high value on the conservation of our state’s natural resources. According to a March, 2005 statewide survey, protecting farmland for farming is very important to 67% of respondents, protecting the environment is very important to 61%, and protecting wildlife habitat is very important to 58% (CFM Research, 2005). According to a more recent survey commissioned by Metro, 72% of respondents indicated that a policy to “add houses in existing neighborhoods” comes closer to how they feel while only 16% chose “convert farm and forest land for growth” (12% responded with “don’t know”) (Davis, Hibbits, & Midghall, Inc., 2006). Regardless of the legal status of Measure 37 or any future regulatory takings initiatives, the planner’s toolbox needs to be expanded, providing a wider variety of options to accomplish the Statewide Planning Goals. However, as the research for this paper progressed, a more complicated picture of planning and the use of regulations has emerged. It has become clear that non-regulatory planning instruments are no substitute for regulation in upholding Oregon’s Statewide Planning Goals. The above-cited survey indicates that Oregonians do still see the importance of the Goals. Thus, this paper has focused on the need for long-range planning, the relationship between planning and property values, the threat of sprawl in the Portland region, planning instruments that help to control such sprawl, and whether such instruments are able to attain Oregon’s Statewide Planning Goals. Title: Planning in the Portland Metropolitan Area after Measure 37 Author: Reid, Ted Year: 2006 Created in the aftermath of Measure 37, the Russill Fellowship is aimed at examining non-regulatory land use planning tools and their potential application in the Portland Metropolitan area, with a particular emphasis on habitat conservation. The above-mentioned ballot initiative and the larger private property rights movement have given an indication that Oregon voters perceive inequities in the State’s land use planning system. It is also clear that Oregonians still place a high value on the conservation of our state’s natural resources. According to a March, 2005 statewide survey, protecting farmland for farming is very important to 67% of respondents, protecting the environment is very important to 61%, and protecting wildlife habitat is very important to 58% (CFM Research, 2005). According to a more recent survey commissioned by Metro, 72% of respondents indicated that a policy to “add houses in existing neighborhoods” comes closer to how they feel while only 16% chose “convert farm and forest land for growth” (12% responded with “don’t know”) (Davis, Hibbits, & Midghall, Inc., 2006). Regardless of the legal status of Measure 37 or any future regulatory takings initiatives, the planner’s toolbox needs to be expanded, providing a wider variety of options to accomplish the Statewide Planning Goals. However, as the research for this paper progressed, a more complicated picture of planning and the use of regulations has emerged. It has become clear that non-regulatory planning instruments are no substitute for regulation in upholding Oregon’s Statewide Planning Goals. The above-cited survey indicates that Oregonians do still see the importance of the Goals. Thus, this paper has focused on the need for long-range planning, the relationship between planning and property values, the threat of sprawl in the Portland region, planning instruments that help to control such sprawl, and whether such instruments are able to attain Oregon’s Statewide Planning Goals. Close

• 30. [Article] Who is Making Ends Meet in the Portland Region? A Profile of Poverty and Self-Sufficiency among Greater Portland Families

  The Portland metro region economy is near a complete recovery from the damage of the Great Recession that began seven years ago. Unemployment in April of 2015 was 5.2 percent, cut in half from the 2011 ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Who is Making Ends Meet in the Portland Region? A Profile of Poverty and Self-Sufficiency among Greater Portland Families Author: Kimmell, Jamin, Martin, Sheila A. Year: 2015 The Portland metro region economy is near a complete recovery from the damage of the Great Recession that began seven years ago. Unemployment in April of 2015 was 5.2 percent, cut in half from the 2011 rate of 10.5 percent. The region ranked among the top 10 metro region areas in the nation for employment growth in 2014. Unfortunately, the benefits of this economic resurgence are not experienced equally. Ideally, economic recovery should lead to jobs and wages that enable Portland metro region families to earn enough to provide for their basic needs. Low unemployment cannot offer high quality of life if the jobs available do not pay adequate wages to make ends meet. Furthermore, public and nonprofit organizations are burdened by the demand on social services caused by families that cannot earn enough to cover basic needs like food, housing and health care. Many families in the Portland region do not earn adequate income to make up for the rising costs of life’s necessities, and self-sufficiency eludes far more families than is indicated by federal poverty statistics. Households headed by women or people of color, and families with children, are highly overrepresented among those who cannot make ends meet. Education can close part of this racial and gender gap, but it is not a panacea; other barriers persist for those families who are least likely to attain self-sufficiency. This study is a demographic analysis of self-sufficiency in the Portland metro region. Title: Who is Making Ends Meet in the Portland Region? A Profile of Poverty and Self-Sufficiency among Greater Portland Families Author: Kimmell, Jamin, Martin, Sheila A. Year: 2015 The Portland metro region economy is near a complete recovery from the damage of the Great Recession that began seven years ago. Unemployment in April of 2015 was 5.2 percent, cut in half from the 2011 rate of 10.5 percent. The region ranked among the top 10 metro region areas in the nation for employment growth in 2014. Unfortunately, the benefits of this economic resurgence are not experienced equally. Ideally, economic recovery should lead to jobs and wages that enable Portland metro region families to earn enough to provide for their basic needs. Low unemployment cannot offer high quality of life if the jobs available do not pay adequate wages to make ends meet. Furthermore, public and nonprofit organizations are burdened by the demand on social services caused by families that cannot earn enough to cover basic needs like food, housing and health care. Many families in the Portland region do not earn adequate income to make up for the rising costs of life’s necessities, and self-sufficiency eludes far more families than is indicated by federal poverty statistics. Households headed by women or people of color, and families with children, are highly overrepresented among those who cannot make ends meet. Education can close part of this racial and gender gap, but it is not a panacea; other barriers persist for those families who are least likely to attain self-sufficiency. This study is a demographic analysis of self-sufficiency in the Portland metro region. Close

• 31. [Article] Talent, place, and prosperity: Metro Portland's changing labor market and economic outlook

  After three years of a sluggish national economy, it looks as if we may be poised to grow again. Although the Portland economy benefited mightily from the boom of the 19905, it was harder hit than the ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Talent, place, and prosperity: Metro Portland's changing labor market and economic outlook Author: Cortright, Joseph Year: 2012 After three years of a sluggish national economy, it looks as if we may be poised to grow again. Although the Portland economy benefited mightily from the boom of the 19905, it was harder hit than the nation as ? whole during the 2001 recession and the "job-loss" recovery that followed. What is the outlook for growth in the region in the years ahead? In particular, how will our labor market influence growth opportunities? This article examines changes in national and local labor markets and the role of migration in shaping Portland's economic opportunities. It identifies some key challenges and discusses the relationship between labor markets, local industrial structure, and the region's quality of life. Title: Talent, place, and prosperity: Metro Portland's changing labor market and economic outlook Author: Cortright, Joseph Year: 2012 After three years of a sluggish national economy, it looks as if we may be poised to grow again. Although the Portland economy benefited mightily from the boom of the 19905, it was harder hit than the nation as ? whole during the 2001 recession and the "job-loss" recovery that followed. What is the outlook for growth in the region in the years ahead? In particular, how will our labor market influence growth opportunities? This article examines changes in national and local labor markets and the role of migration in shaping Portland's economic opportunities. It identifies some key challenges and discusses the relationship between labor markets, local industrial structure, and the region's quality of life. Close

• 32. [Article] Design of a Dynamic Activity Travel Modeling System for Metro

  Trip-based models are no longer adequate for some of the more complex questions. They fail to account for time of day sensitivity, dynamic congestion effects, variable pricing and tolls, and the reliability ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Design of a Dynamic Activity Travel Modeling System for Metro Author: Gliebe, John Year: 2011 Trip-based models are no longer adequate for some of the more complex questions. They fail to account for time of day sensitivity, dynamic congestion effects, variable pricing and tolls, and the reliability of both highways and transit. Existing activity/tour-based models lack the enhanced temporal element provided by a more dynamic, activity-based microsimulation. DASH is the next-generation model being developed by the Metro Research Center. Title: Design of a Dynamic Activity Travel Modeling System for Metro Author: Gliebe, John Year: 2011 Trip-based models are no longer adequate for some of the more complex questions. They fail to account for time of day sensitivity, dynamic congestion effects, variable pricing and tolls, and the reliability of both highways and transit. Existing activity/tour-based models lack the enhanced temporal element provided by a more dynamic, activity-based microsimulation. DASH is the next-generation model being developed by the Metro Research Center. Close

• 33. [Article] Land Use Framework Map

  A depiction of areas designated urban vs. non-urban in the Portland metropolitan region.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Land Use Framework Map Author: Metro (Or.) Year: 1979 A depiction of areas designated urban vs. non-urban in the Portland metropolitan region. Title: Land Use Framework Map Author: Metro (Or.) Year: 1979 A depiction of areas designated urban vs. non-urban in the Portland metropolitan region. Close

• 34. [Article] Center for Real Estate Quarterly, Volume 9, Number 4

  Table of Contents: -- The Gentrification Plan of Metro Portland by Gerard Mildner (p. 5-18) -- The State of the Economy by Adam Seidman (p. 19-28) -- Residential Market Analysis by Clancy Terry (p. 29-53) ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Center for Real Estate Quarterly, Volume 9, Number 4 Author: Portland State University. Center for Real Estate Year: 2015 Table of Contents: -- The Gentrification Plan of Metro Portland by Gerard Mildner (p. 5-18) -- The State of the Economy by Adam Seidman (p. 19-28) -- Residential Market Analysis by Clancy Terry (p. 29-53) -- Multifamily Market Analysis by Clancy Terry (p. 54-64) -- Office Market Analysis by Alec Lawrence (p. 65-76) -- Industrial Market Analysis by Adam Seidman (p. 77-83) -- Retail Market Analysis by Alec Lawrence (p. 84-91) Title: Center for Real Estate Quarterly, Volume 9, Number 4 Author: Portland State University. Center for Real Estate Year: 2015 Table of Contents: -- The Gentrification Plan of Metro Portland by Gerard Mildner (p. 5-18) -- The State of the Economy by Adam Seidman (p. 19-28) -- Residential Market Analysis by Clancy Terry (p. 29-53) -- Multifamily Market Analysis by Clancy Terry (p. 54-64) -- Office Market Analysis by Alec Lawrence (p. 65-76) -- Industrial Market Analysis by Adam Seidman (p. 77-83) -- Retail Market Analysis by Alec Lawrence (p. 84-91) Close

• 35. [Article] The African Immigrant and Refugee Community in Multnomah County: An Unsettling Profile

  Since 1975, African immigrants, refugees and secondary migrants have been relocating to Multnomah County and now represent the fourth largest immigrant community after Latino, Asian, and Slavic immigrants. ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The African Immigrant and Refugee Community in Multnomah County: An Unsettling Profile Author: Curry-Stevens, Ann, Coalition of Communities of Color Year: 2013 Since 1975, African immigrants, refugees and secondary migrants have been relocating to Multnomah County and now represent the fourth largest immigrant community after Latino, Asian, and Slavic immigrants. The African community here is incredibly diverse in its make-up, with over 28 different African countries and numerous ethnic groups represented. Estimates from 2003 suggest that African immigrants make up 2% of the foreign-born population in the Portland Metro (tri-county) area. Nearly half (45%) of the tri-county area’s African foreign-born population is from eastern Africa, including Ethiopia, Eritrea, Kenya, Somalia, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. Other countries of origin include Sudan, Sierra Leone, Angola, Mali, Liberia, Togo, Chad, Nigeria, Rwanda, Mozambique, and Democratic Republic of Congo. In 2011 alone, the USA admitted around 15,000 African refugees. Very little research has been conducted on the experiences and challenges facing the African immigrant and refugee community in Multnomah County. This report serves to make visible our diverse African communities in Multnomah County Title: The African Immigrant and Refugee Community in Multnomah County: An Unsettling Profile Author: Curry-Stevens, Ann, Coalition of Communities of Color Year: 2013 Since 1975, African immigrants, refugees and secondary migrants have been relocating to Multnomah County and now represent the fourth largest immigrant community after Latino, Asian, and Slavic immigrants. The African community here is incredibly diverse in its make-up, with over 28 different African countries and numerous ethnic groups represented. Estimates from 2003 suggest that African immigrants make up 2% of the foreign-born population in the Portland Metro (tri-county) area. Nearly half (45%) of the tri-county area’s African foreign-born population is from eastern Africa, including Ethiopia, Eritrea, Kenya, Somalia, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. Other countries of origin include Sudan, Sierra Leone, Angola, Mali, Liberia, Togo, Chad, Nigeria, Rwanda, Mozambique, and Democratic Republic of Congo. In 2011 alone, the USA admitted around 15,000 African refugees. Very little research has been conducted on the experiences and challenges facing the African immigrant and refugee community in Multnomah County. This report serves to make visible our diverse African communities in Multnomah County Close

• 36. [Article] Urgent Care Center Location: an Empirical Analysis of their Locations in Relation to Demographic, Socioeconomic, and Land Use Factors: a Case Study of Portland, Oregon

  Urgent Care Centers (UCCs) are a recent innovation in the American system of health care delivery. The number of UCCs has increased significantly in recent years. Many researchers point out that the rapid ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Urgent Care Center Location: an Empirical Analysis of their Locations in Relation to Demographic, Socioeconomic, and Land Use Factors: a Case Study of Portland, Oregon Author: Alfaiz, Abdullah Year: 1996 Urgent Care Centers (UCCs) are a recent innovation in the American system of health care delivery. The number of UCCs has increased significantly in recent years. Many researchers point out that the rapid growth of UCCs is expected to escalate during the next few decades. This growth will create more competition among providers of these facilities in the health care market, and the competition could lead to an uneven distribution of UCCs within cities. While health officials and planners are interested in attracting more patients by expanding UCC services, they are often unfamiliar with the factors that go into site selection decisions. Understanding the factors influencing UCC location is crucial to explaining why UCCs cluster in certain urban areas, while other areas are under-served. It is also important for providers who want to enhance accessibility of special population segments to UCC locations. This study uses the Portland metropolitan area as a case study. Due to the lack of access to providers' propriety data, the specific problem targeted here uses publicly available data as a proxy for providers' data to determine the factors influencing UCC location. The essence of this research is to show how these factors explain and predict existing locations of UCCs and to find out how well this publicly available data explains UCC providers' locational behavior. Most of the data for this study is provided by Metro of Portland. Other data are collected utilizing surveys and data from different public agencies and published reports. Logit analysis is used to find out which factors explain existing UCC location. The empirical findings of this research substantiate the existence of a strong relationship between the location of UCCs and land use factors. This study highlights the complexity and importance of understanding the factors influencing the location of UCCs. It rejects prior arguments that UCC location is influenced by some demographic and socioeconomic factors, while it introduces land use factors as the major determinants of UCC location. However, this study concluded that land use factors influence considered a rare phenomena that should be carried out for future research and that demographic factors may still have an indirect effect on UCC location. Title: Urgent Care Center Location: an Empirical Analysis of their Locations in Relation to Demographic, Socioeconomic, and Land Use Factors: a Case Study of Portland, Oregon Author: Alfaiz, Abdullah Year: 1996 Urgent Care Centers (UCCs) are a recent innovation in the American system of health care delivery. The number of UCCs has increased significantly in recent years. Many researchers point out that the rapid growth of UCCs is expected to escalate during the next few decades. This growth will create more competition among providers of these facilities in the health care market, and the competition could lead to an uneven distribution of UCCs within cities. While health officials and planners are interested in attracting more patients by expanding UCC services, they are often unfamiliar with the factors that go into site selection decisions. Understanding the factors influencing UCC location is crucial to explaining why UCCs cluster in certain urban areas, while other areas are under-served. It is also important for providers who want to enhance accessibility of special population segments to UCC locations. This study uses the Portland metropolitan area as a case study. Due to the lack of access to providers' propriety data, the specific problem targeted here uses publicly available data as a proxy for providers' data to determine the factors influencing UCC location. The essence of this research is to show how these factors explain and predict existing locations of UCCs and to find out how well this publicly available data explains UCC providers' locational behavior. Most of the data for this study is provided by Metro of Portland. Other data are collected utilizing surveys and data from different public agencies and published reports. Logit analysis is used to find out which factors explain existing UCC location. The empirical findings of this research substantiate the existence of a strong relationship between the location of UCCs and land use factors. This study highlights the complexity and importance of understanding the factors influencing the location of UCCs. It rejects prior arguments that UCC location is influenced by some demographic and socioeconomic factors, while it introduces land use factors as the major determinants of UCC location. However, this study concluded that land use factors influence considered a rare phenomena that should be carried out for future research and that demographic factors may still have an indirect effect on UCC location. Close

• 37. [Article] Measuring the Effects of Environmental Certification on Residential Property Values - Evidence from Green Condominiums in Portland, U.S.

  Green building, as an environmentally responsible and resource-efficient product, has emerged in recent decades. Along with the growing interest in green building design and operating practices, a number ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Measuring the Effects of Environmental Certification on Residential Property Values - Evidence from Green Condominiums in Portland, U.S. Author: Yang, Xi Year: 2013 Green building, as an environmentally responsible and resource-efficient product, has emerged in recent decades. Along with the growing interest in green building design and operating practices, a number of green building certification standards and rating systems have been developed by different organizations worldwide. Those rating systems allow government regulators, building professionals, and consumers to embrace green building with confidence. Many recent studies find that LEED and Energy Star certified commercial buildings gain significant rental and sales price premiums and have higher occupancy rates. However, little research has been conducted to measure the market value of certified multi-family residential buildings, for instance, green condominiums. This study investigates the price effects of LEED certification on condominium real estate assets in a local housing market, in this case Portland, Oregon. The overall dataset is developed by combining information from Metro's Regional Land Information System (RLIS) and LEED certifications by the U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC). A hedonic pricing model is employed to measure the effects of certification levels on sales prices. The model results indicate that, compared to non-certified condominiums in Portland, green certified properties have a 5.8 percent sales price premium on average. The result of this study confirms that LEED condominiums exhibit higher sales prices controlling for location- and property-specific factors. Title: Measuring the Effects of Environmental Certification on Residential Property Values - Evidence from Green Condominiums in Portland, U.S. Author: Yang, Xi Year: 2013 Green building, as an environmentally responsible and resource-efficient product, has emerged in recent decades. Along with the growing interest in green building design and operating practices, a number of green building certification standards and rating systems have been developed by different organizations worldwide. Those rating systems allow government regulators, building professionals, and consumers to embrace green building with confidence. Many recent studies find that LEED and Energy Star certified commercial buildings gain significant rental and sales price premiums and have higher occupancy rates. However, little research has been conducted to measure the market value of certified multi-family residential buildings, for instance, green condominiums. This study investigates the price effects of LEED certification on condominium real estate assets in a local housing market, in this case Portland, Oregon. The overall dataset is developed by combining information from Metro's Regional Land Information System (RLIS) and LEED certifications by the U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC). A hedonic pricing model is employed to measure the effects of certification levels on sales prices. The model results indicate that, compared to non-certified condominiums in Portland, green certified properties have a 5.8 percent sales price premium on average. The result of this study confirms that LEED condominiums exhibit higher sales prices controlling for location- and property-specific factors. Close

• 38. [Article] Tryon Trekkers: An Evaluation of a STEM Based Afterschool Program for At-Risk Youth

  This study contributed to the body of research that supports a holistic model of afterschool learning through the design of an afterschool intervention that benefits elementary school students of low socioeconomic ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Tryon Trekkers: An Evaluation of a STEM Based Afterschool Program for At-Risk Youth Author: Anderson, Chessa Eckels Year: 2016 This study contributed to the body of research that supports a holistic model of afterschool learning through the design of an afterschool intervention that benefits elementary school students of low socioeconomic status. This qualitative study evaluated a science focused afterschool curriculum that was designed using principles from Risk and Resiliency Theory, academic motivation theories, science core ideas from the Next Generation Science Standards, and used environmental education philosophy. The research question of this study is: how does an outdoor and STEM based afterschool program impact at-risk students' self-efficacy, belonging and engagement and ability to apply conceptual knowledge of environmental science topics? The study collected information about the participants' affective experiences during the intervention using structured and ethnographic observations and semi-structured interviews. Observations and interviews were coded and analyzed to find patterns in participants' responses. Three participant profiles were developed using the structured observations and ethnographic observations to provide an in depth understanding of the participant experience. The study also assessed the participants' abilities to apply conceptual understanding of the program's science topics by integrating an application of conceptual knowledge task into the curriculum. This task in the form of a participant project was assessed using an adapted version of the Portland Metro STEM Partnership's Application of Conceptual Knowledge Rubric. Results in the study showed that participants demonstrated self-efficacy, a sense of belonging and engagement during the program. Over half of the participants in the study demonstrated a proficient understanding of program concepts. Overall, this holistic afterschool program demonstrated that specific instructional practices and a multi-modal science curriculum helped to support the social and emotional needs of at-risk children. Title: Tryon Trekkers: An Evaluation of a STEM Based Afterschool Program for At-Risk Youth Author: Anderson, Chessa Eckels Year: 2016 This study contributed to the body of research that supports a holistic model of afterschool learning through the design of an afterschool intervention that benefits elementary school students of low socioeconomic status. This qualitative study evaluated a science focused afterschool curriculum that was designed using principles from Risk and Resiliency Theory, academic motivation theories, science core ideas from the Next Generation Science Standards, and used environmental education philosophy. The research question of this study is: how does an outdoor and STEM based afterschool program impact at-risk students' self-efficacy, belonging and engagement and ability to apply conceptual knowledge of environmental science topics? The study collected information about the participants' affective experiences during the intervention using structured and ethnographic observations and semi-structured interviews. Observations and interviews were coded and analyzed to find patterns in participants' responses. Three participant profiles were developed using the structured observations and ethnographic observations to provide an in depth understanding of the participant experience. The study also assessed the participants' abilities to apply conceptual understanding of the program's science topics by integrating an application of conceptual knowledge task into the curriculum. This task in the form of a participant project was assessed using an adapted version of the Portland Metro STEM Partnership's Application of Conceptual Knowledge Rubric. Results in the study showed that participants demonstrated self-efficacy, a sense of belonging and engagement during the program. Over half of the participants in the study demonstrated a proficient understanding of program concepts. Overall, this holistic afterschool program demonstrated that specific instructional practices and a multi-modal science curriculum helped to support the social and emotional needs of at-risk children. Close

• 39. [Article] Out in "The Numbers": Youth and Gang Violence Initiatives and Uneven Development in Portland's Periphery

  Incidence of youth and gang violence in the Portland, Oregon metro area has increased dramatically over the past five years. This violence has recently become more spatially diffuse, shifting outwards ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Out in "The Numbers": Youth and Gang Violence Initiatives and Uneven Development in Portland's Periphery Author: Kinsey, Dirk Year: 2017 Incidence of youth and gang violence in the Portland, Oregon metro area has increased dramatically over the past five years. This violence has recently become more spatially diffuse, shifting outwards from gentrified, inner city neighborhoods, towards the city's periphery. These incidents exist within the context of a shifting regional political economy, characterized by a process of gentrification associated displacement and growing, and distinctly racialized and spatialized, inequalities. While gang researchers have long argued a corollary between the emergence of gangs and economically and culturally polarized urban landscapes, the ongoing suburbanization of poverty in American cities suggests a new landscape of uneven power differentials playing out between disenfranchised youth and those seeking to police and prevent violence. This paper provides a critical examination of how local agencies charged with addressing youth and gang violence are responding to shifts in the landscape of violence and navigating the inequitable distribution of wealth and resources in the "progressive" city. Drawing on interviews conducted with police, policy makers and gang outreach workers, I investigate both perceptions of gentrification's role in youth and gang violence and the spacialities of emerging enforcement and prevention efforts. My findings suggest that prevention and enforcement efforts frequently rely on techniques and models designed to replicate conditions in older, gentrified neighborhoods, while perhaps unwittingly reifying existing inequalities. Ultimately, I hope to reveal some of the links, both at macro-structural levels and those of daily practice, between a shifting political economy and emerging forms of suburban policing. Title: Out in "The Numbers": Youth and Gang Violence Initiatives and Uneven Development in Portland's Periphery Author: Kinsey, Dirk Year: 2017 Incidence of youth and gang violence in the Portland, Oregon metro area has increased dramatically over the past five years. This violence has recently become more spatially diffuse, shifting outwards from gentrified, inner city neighborhoods, towards the city's periphery. These incidents exist within the context of a shifting regional political economy, characterized by a process of gentrification associated displacement and growing, and distinctly racialized and spatialized, inequalities. While gang researchers have long argued a corollary between the emergence of gangs and economically and culturally polarized urban landscapes, the ongoing suburbanization of poverty in American cities suggests a new landscape of uneven power differentials playing out between disenfranchised youth and those seeking to police and prevent violence. This paper provides a critical examination of how local agencies charged with addressing youth and gang violence are responding to shifts in the landscape of violence and navigating the inequitable distribution of wealth and resources in the "progressive" city. Drawing on interviews conducted with police, policy makers and gang outreach workers, I investigate both perceptions of gentrification's role in youth and gang violence and the spacialities of emerging enforcement and prevention efforts. My findings suggest that prevention and enforcement efforts frequently rely on techniques and models designed to replicate conditions in older, gentrified neighborhoods, while perhaps unwittingly reifying existing inequalities. Ultimately, I hope to reveal some of the links, both at macro-structural levels and those of daily practice, between a shifting political economy and emerging forms of suburban policing. Close

• 40. [Article] Survey of Merrick TOD Residents Final Report

  The Merrick is a mixed-use, transit-oriented development located at 1231 NE Martin Luther King Jr. Blvd in Portland, in the Lloyd Center/Rose Quarter area. There are 185 rental apartments in the building, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Survey of Merrick TOD Residents Final Report Author: Dill, Jennifer Year: 2005 The Merrick is a mixed-use, transit-oriented development located at 1231 NE Martin Luther King Jr. Blvd in Portland, in the Lloyd Center/Rose Quarter area. There are 185 rental apartments in the building, along with ground floor commercial space and underground parking. Metro provided the developers of The Merrick with financial assistance through the agency's Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) program. One primary purpose of the TOD program is to create higher density, mixed-use developments near transit stations that will increase transit ridership. Because of their involvement in the project, Metro wanted documentation of the transit use and travel patterns of Merrick residents. In late January 2005, Metro contracted with the Center for Urban Studies at Portland State University to conduct a survey of residents of The Merrick. Professor Jennifer Dill was already starting a separate research project surveying residents at two other TODs in the Portland region and agreed to do this project on a very short timeframe. This report presents the Merrick survey methodology and results. Once the other research project is completed, the Merrick results can be compared to other TODs and to “control” neighborhoods that do not have all of the TOD characteristics. Title: Survey of Merrick TOD Residents Final Report Author: Dill, Jennifer Year: 2005 The Merrick is a mixed-use, transit-oriented development located at 1231 NE Martin Luther King Jr. Blvd in Portland, in the Lloyd Center/Rose Quarter area. There are 185 rental apartments in the building, along with ground floor commercial space and underground parking. Metro provided the developers of The Merrick with financial assistance through the agency's Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) program. One primary purpose of the TOD program is to create higher density, mixed-use developments near transit stations that will increase transit ridership. Because of their involvement in the project, Metro wanted documentation of the transit use and travel patterns of Merrick residents. In late January 2005, Metro contracted with the Center for Urban Studies at Portland State University to conduct a survey of residents of The Merrick. Professor Jennifer Dill was already starting a separate research project surveying residents at two other TODs in the Portland region and agreed to do this project on a very short timeframe. This report presents the Merrick survey methodology and results. Once the other research project is completed, the Merrick results can be compared to other TODs and to “control” neighborhoods that do not have all of the TOD characteristics. Close

• 41. [Article] 2014 Transit Oriented Developments Survey

  This report presents results from surveys of residents at several transit-oriented developments (TODs) in Portland, Hillsboro, Tigard, and unincorporated Clackamas County. The research complements our ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: 2014 Transit Oriented Developments Survey Author: Dill, Jennifer, McNeil, Nathan Year: 2015 This report presents results from surveys of residents at several transit-oriented developments (TODs) in Portland, Hillsboro, Tigard, and unincorporated Clackamas County. The research complements our previous survey work for Metro done at eight TODs in 2010 and 11 TODs in 2007. Title: 2014 Transit Oriented Developments Survey Author: Dill, Jennifer, McNeil, Nathan Year: 2015 This report presents results from surveys of residents at several transit-oriented developments (TODs) in Portland, Hillsboro, Tigard, and unincorporated Clackamas County. The research complements our previous survey work for Metro done at eight TODs in 2010 and 11 TODs in 2007. Close

• 42. [Article] Regional Travel Options 2007-08 Program Evaluation

  To help implement the Growth Concept, Metro’s Regional Travel Options (RTO) Program works to increase awareness of non-SOV alternatives and increase the provision of those alternatives. The program complements ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Regional Travel Options 2007-08 Program Evaluation Author: Dill, Jennifer, Brown, Stephan Year: 2010 To help implement the Growth Concept, Metro’s Regional Travel Options (RTO) Program works to increase awareness of non-SOV alternatives and increase the provision of those alternatives. The program complements other strategies, including land use policies and infrastructure investment. The most comprehensive data available for this evaluation come from commute surveys of employees at work sites that participate in outreach programs offered by TriMet. All of the RTO evaluations have used these data as a benchmark for overall progress, though the data only captures commute travel. The 2008 data reflect the commute patterns of about 120,000 employees commuting to 549 worksites. The long-term trend is positive, with the share of work trips made by modes other than single-occupant vehicles (SOVs) generally increasing since 1996 Figure 3. However, the data for 2007 and 2008 show a decline since 2006 in the share of work trips made on transit. Increases in bicycling and walking, compressed work weeks, and telecommuting helped offset that decline. The share of trips made in carpools and vanpools has remained about the same for the past four years, and is still lower than 1996. Title: Regional Travel Options 2007-08 Program Evaluation Author: Dill, Jennifer, Brown, Stephan Year: 2010 To help implement the Growth Concept, Metro’s Regional Travel Options (RTO) Program works to increase awareness of non-SOV alternatives and increase the provision of those alternatives. The program complements other strategies, including land use policies and infrastructure investment. The most comprehensive data available for this evaluation come from commute surveys of employees at work sites that participate in outreach programs offered by TriMet. All of the RTO evaluations have used these data as a benchmark for overall progress, though the data only captures commute travel. The 2008 data reflect the commute patterns of about 120,000 employees commuting to 549 worksites. The long-term trend is positive, with the share of work trips made by modes other than single-occupant vehicles (SOVs) generally increasing since 1996 Figure 3. However, the data for 2007 and 2008 show a decline since 2006 in the share of work trips made on transit. Increases in bicycling and walking, compressed work weeks, and telecommuting helped offset that decline. The share of trips made in carpools and vanpools has remained about the same for the past four years, and is still lower than 1996. Close

• 43. [Article] Travel and Transit Use at Portland Area Transit-Oriented Developments (TODs)

  In recent years there has been a growing interest in using land use planning to reduce reliance on the automobile long-term, through ideas such as smart growth, New Urbanism, pedestrian pockets, and transit-oriented ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Travel and Transit Use at Portland Area Transit-Oriented Developments (TODs) Author: Dill, Jennifer Year: 2006 In recent years there has been a growing interest in using land use planning to reduce reliance on the automobile long-term, through ideas such as smart growth, New Urbanism, pedestrian pockets, and transit-oriented development (TODs). Many growing regions throughout the United States, are turning to these concepts to address problems of traffic congestion and suburban sprawl. However, the effectiveness of such policies in reducing automobile travel and improving livability is largely unknown. Portland was one of the early adopters and is often pointed to as a model for other regions. The Region's 2040 Growth Concept, adopted by the Metro regional government, includes many smart growth concepts. Metro uses a number of programs and policies to implement the 2040 Growth Concept, including subsidies to transit-oriented developments. This research surveyed residents of TODs in the Portland area to help answer the following questions: Do residents of transit-oriented developments (TODs) drive vehicles less, use transit more, and/or walk and bicycle more than residents of other neighborhoods? To what extent can TODs increase transit ridership? How do the features of the TOD influence travel choices? Do the features of TODs induce people to change their travel behavior? Alternatively, are people who move to these neighborhoods already active transit users, walkers, or cyclists, i.e. they are seeking an environment in which to practice their preferred travel behaviors? These questions are key to understanding the cause-effect relationship between the built environment and travel behavior. How do people's attitudes towards travel and their neighborhood influence travel behavior? Title: Travel and Transit Use at Portland Area Transit-Oriented Developments (TODs) Author: Dill, Jennifer Year: 2006 In recent years there has been a growing interest in using land use planning to reduce reliance on the automobile long-term, through ideas such as smart growth, New Urbanism, pedestrian pockets, and transit-oriented development (TODs). Many growing regions throughout the United States, are turning to these concepts to address problems of traffic congestion and suburban sprawl. However, the effectiveness of such policies in reducing automobile travel and improving livability is largely unknown. Portland was one of the early adopters and is often pointed to as a model for other regions. The Region's 2040 Growth Concept, adopted by the Metro regional government, includes many smart growth concepts. Metro uses a number of programs and policies to implement the 2040 Growth Concept, including subsidies to transit-oriented developments. This research surveyed residents of TODs in the Portland area to help answer the following questions: Do residents of transit-oriented developments (TODs) drive vehicles less, use transit more, and/or walk and bicycle more than residents of other neighborhoods? To what extent can TODs increase transit ridership? How do the features of the TOD influence travel choices? Do the features of TODs induce people to change their travel behavior? Alternatively, are people who move to these neighborhoods already active transit users, walkers, or cyclists, i.e. they are seeking an environment in which to practice their preferred travel behaviors? These questions are key to understanding the cause-effect relationship between the built environment and travel behavior. How do people's attitudes towards travel and their neighborhood influence travel behavior? Close

• 44. [Article] Implications of Local and Regional Food Systems: Toward a New Food Economy in Portland, Oregon

  The local food movement in the Portland Metro Region of Oregon is as prevalent as anywhere in the Country. To a large degree this is driven by the Portland Metro area food culture and the diverse agricultural ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Implications of Local and Regional Food Systems: Toward a New Food Economy in Portland, Oregon Author: Mertens, Michael Mercer Year: 2014 The local food movement in the Portland Metro Region of Oregon is as prevalent as anywhere in the Country. To a large degree this is driven by the Portland Metro area food culture and the diverse agricultural landscape present in the Willamette Valley and throughout the State. Portlanders demand local food and thus far the rural periphery has been able to provide it; driving a new food economy that has economic implications throughout the region. As this regional food economy emerges much attention has been focused on harnessing its power for economic development perpetuated by the belief that there exists an opportunity to foster a cluster of economic activity pertaining to the production, processing, distribution and sale of regional foods that might generate economic opportunities throughout the value chain. The research presented here constitutes an attempt to characterize the local and regional food system that currently exists in the Portland Metro Region and to bring to light the opportunities present at the regional scale that link the agricultural periphery to the urban core. I present two different definitions of local and regional food systems and show how these different conceptions have very different implications for economic development. Once defined, I test for differences between local and regional food systems and the export-oriented, agro-food sector by analyzing aspects of geographic space and processes of knowledge accumulation and innovation in the context of aspects of regional economic development such as agglomeration economies, knowledge spillovers, business life cycle and industrial location. My analysis showed that there are significant differences between local and regional food systems and the export-oriented agro-food industry specific to supply chains, actors and products of the different systems. Furthermore, through spatial analysis, I found that there are differences in terms of the spatial structure and distribution between producers who participate in the different systems. Local and regional producers tend to cluster closer together at smaller scales, are smaller in size and are found to be closer to the urban core. Through a qualitative inquiry I found that this clustering facilitates forces of agglomeration economies specific to food producers who participate in local and regional supply chains, particularly non-pecuniary effects of knowledge accumulation. This underlying structure has significant effects on economic outcomes and as such has implications in terms of regional economic development when local and regional food systems are considered in terms of the city-region. Title: Implications of Local and Regional Food Systems: Toward a New Food Economy in Portland, Oregon Author: Mertens, Michael Mercer Year: 2014 The local food movement in the Portland Metro Region of Oregon is as prevalent as anywhere in the Country. To a large degree this is driven by the Portland Metro area food culture and the diverse agricultural landscape present in the Willamette Valley and throughout the State. Portlanders demand local food and thus far the rural periphery has been able to provide it; driving a new food economy that has economic implications throughout the region. As this regional food economy emerges much attention has been focused on harnessing its power for economic development perpetuated by the belief that there exists an opportunity to foster a cluster of economic activity pertaining to the production, processing, distribution and sale of regional foods that might generate economic opportunities throughout the value chain. The research presented here constitutes an attempt to characterize the local and regional food system that currently exists in the Portland Metro Region and to bring to light the opportunities present at the regional scale that link the agricultural periphery to the urban core. I present two different definitions of local and regional food systems and show how these different conceptions have very different implications for economic development. Once defined, I test for differences between local and regional food systems and the export-oriented, agro-food sector by analyzing aspects of geographic space and processes of knowledge accumulation and innovation in the context of aspects of regional economic development such as agglomeration economies, knowledge spillovers, business life cycle and industrial location. My analysis showed that there are significant differences between local and regional food systems and the export-oriented agro-food industry specific to supply chains, actors and products of the different systems. Furthermore, through spatial analysis, I found that there are differences in terms of the spatial structure and distribution between producers who participate in the different systems. Local and regional producers tend to cluster closer together at smaller scales, are smaller in size and are found to be closer to the urban core. Through a qualitative inquiry I found that this clustering facilitates forces of agglomeration economies specific to food producers who participate in local and regional supply chains, particularly non-pecuniary effects of knowledge accumulation. This underlying structure has significant effects on economic outcomes and as such has implications in terms of regional economic development when local and regional food systems are considered in terms of the city-region. Close

• 45. [Article] Identifying Regional Centers in Washington County, Oregon

  An increasing national focus on problems related to urban sprawl has fueled debate on the best way for urban areas to accommodate increasing populations. Portland, Oregon has attracted international attention ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Identifying Regional Centers in Washington County, Oregon Author: Rancik, Kevin Christopher Year: 2011 An increasing national focus on problems related to urban sprawl has fueled debate on the best way for urban areas to accommodate increasing populations. Portland, Oregon has attracted international attention for its growth policies, which are among the most stringent in the United States. Metro, the area's regional government in charge of long-range planning, has designated certain locations as regional centers where increased density and development are to occur. A logical question is whether or not these centers are developing as intended; do Metro's plans match reality on the ground? This study of Washington County, Oregon analyzes land value, building volume, road intersection density, and public transportation availability using ArcGIS to locate potential regional centers in the county to answer that question. Subjective criteria are used during field visits to these locations to determine whether potential centers identified in the ArcGIS analysis are truly regional centers. Change over time is analyzed from 2000 to 2010 to see if the variables mentioned above contribute to regional center development. This study's results show Metro's designated regional centers are, in fact, regional centers or emerging regional centers using the above criteria, meaning this aspect of Metro's plans do match reality on the ground. Commercial land value tends to be the strongest indicator of regional centeredness. This study's findings aid in the understanding of urban areas. They help urban planners in their efforts to create viable plans that accommodate population growth and future development. Title: Identifying Regional Centers in Washington County, Oregon Author: Rancik, Kevin Christopher Year: 2011 An increasing national focus on problems related to urban sprawl has fueled debate on the best way for urban areas to accommodate increasing populations. Portland, Oregon has attracted international attention for its growth policies, which are among the most stringent in the United States. Metro, the area's regional government in charge of long-range planning, has designated certain locations as regional centers where increased density and development are to occur. A logical question is whether or not these centers are developing as intended; do Metro's plans match reality on the ground? This study of Washington County, Oregon analyzes land value, building volume, road intersection density, and public transportation availability using ArcGIS to locate potential regional centers in the county to answer that question. Subjective criteria are used during field visits to these locations to determine whether potential centers identified in the ArcGIS analysis are truly regional centers. Change over time is analyzed from 2000 to 2010 to see if the variables mentioned above contribute to regional center development. This study's results show Metro's designated regional centers are, in fact, regional centers or emerging regional centers using the above criteria, meaning this aspect of Metro's plans do match reality on the ground. Commercial land value tends to be the strongest indicator of regional centeredness. This study's findings aid in the understanding of urban areas. They help urban planners in their efforts to create viable plans that accommodate population growth and future development. Close

• 46. [Article] Social Profile of the Portland-Vancouver Metropolitan Area

  The objective of this research study is to identify the Metro area in such a manner as to give planning personnel a composite picture of the area. Such a picture should not only give physical and statistical ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Social Profile of the Portland-Vancouver Metropolitan Area Author: Cross, Terry L. Year: 1977 The objective of this research study is to identify the Metro area in such a manner as to give planning personnel a composite picture of the area. Such a picture should not only give physical and statistical data but should also provide a feeling for the area and its parts. The reader of this report should be able to perceive from it the conscience of the community. It should show strengths and weaknesses of the communities, methods of solving problems, intra-and inter-community relationships and roles and community identity. It should be concerned ·with how well the community (and subparts) meets those needs which bring people into a community relationship. The project should attempt to identify norms, values, attitudes, and emotional climate. It should, by examining the parts, give a picture of the whole. Title: Social Profile of the Portland-Vancouver Metropolitan Area Author: Cross, Terry L. Year: 1977 The objective of this research study is to identify the Metro area in such a manner as to give planning personnel a composite picture of the area. Such a picture should not only give physical and statistical data but should also provide a feeling for the area and its parts. The reader of this report should be able to perceive from it the conscience of the community. It should show strengths and weaknesses of the communities, methods of solving problems, intra-and inter-community relationships and roles and community identity. It should be concerned ·with how well the community (and subparts) meets those needs which bring people into a community relationship. The project should attempt to identify norms, values, attitudes, and emotional climate. It should, by examining the parts, give a picture of the whole. Close

• 47. [Article] Toward a Richer Shade of Blue: The Impact on Oregon Police Officer Perceptions of Racial Minorities After Anti-Racial Profiling Training

  Four fatal shootings, during police interactions, of unarmed people-of-color occurred in the Portland, Oregon Metro Area from 2003 to 2010 calling into question from members of the community whether or ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Toward a Richer Shade of Blue: The Impact on Oregon Police Officer Perceptions of Racial Minorities After Anti-Racial Profiling Training Author: Kline, David Andrew Year: 2011 Four fatal shootings, during police interactions, of unarmed people-of-color occurred in the Portland, Oregon Metro Area from 2003 to 2010 calling into question from members of the community whether or not the officers involved and hence their representative police departments had been racially profiling. Of interest in this study is whether or not cutting edge anti-racial profiling police officer trainings have an impact on how officers in Oregon perceive members of racial minority groups. A review of literature found that previous inquiries into racial prejudice among police officers may be present and that previous efforts to address racial ethics in law enforcement have had mixed results on officer perceptions of race. Using Whiteness Theory an examination was undertaken in Oregon utilizing a mixed methodological approach to answer three questions; 1) Do police officers report their perceptions of people-of-color being impacted as a result of participating in a racial profiling training seminar?, 2) Do police officers from the state of Oregon express having held a perception of members of the racial / ethnic community as individuals prior to attending a racial profiling training?, and 3) Do police officers from the state of Oregon report having held a stereotyped perception of racial / ethnic community members before attending a racial profiling training? Findings include that some officers may be racially prejudiced and others not, but that the training, according to those participating was not impactful upon their personal perceptions of people-of-color for reasons that they saw none or little personal bias within themselves although the seminar they attended brought police - race issues back into their conscious awareness. Despite the training being well-received by all the participants they suggested the training title and description may have dissuaded other officers from attending who may have benefited from its content and format. Transferability of the data's findings is weak due to a small sample size and other limitations of the study discussed. Nevertheless, conclusions about the effectiveness of the racial-profiling-training-under-review's ability to impact these officers' perceptions and attitudes of people-of-color are made and recommendations for police and social policy as well as suggestions for future research are discussed. Title: Toward a Richer Shade of Blue: The Impact on Oregon Police Officer Perceptions of Racial Minorities After Anti-Racial Profiling Training Author: Kline, David Andrew Year: 2011 Four fatal shootings, during police interactions, of unarmed people-of-color occurred in the Portland, Oregon Metro Area from 2003 to 2010 calling into question from members of the community whether or not the officers involved and hence their representative police departments had been racially profiling. Of interest in this study is whether or not cutting edge anti-racial profiling police officer trainings have an impact on how officers in Oregon perceive members of racial minority groups. A review of literature found that previous inquiries into racial prejudice among police officers may be present and that previous efforts to address racial ethics in law enforcement have had mixed results on officer perceptions of race. Using Whiteness Theory an examination was undertaken in Oregon utilizing a mixed methodological approach to answer three questions; 1) Do police officers report their perceptions of people-of-color being impacted as a result of participating in a racial profiling training seminar?, 2) Do police officers from the state of Oregon express having held a perception of members of the racial / ethnic community as individuals prior to attending a racial profiling training?, and 3) Do police officers from the state of Oregon report having held a stereotyped perception of racial / ethnic community members before attending a racial profiling training? Findings include that some officers may be racially prejudiced and others not, but that the training, according to those participating was not impactful upon their personal perceptions of people-of-color for reasons that they saw none or little personal bias within themselves although the seminar they attended brought police - race issues back into their conscious awareness. Despite the training being well-received by all the participants they suggested the training title and description may have dissuaded other officers from attending who may have benefited from its content and format. Transferability of the data's findings is weak due to a small sample size and other limitations of the study discussed. Nevertheless, conclusions about the effectiveness of the racial-profiling-training-under-review's ability to impact these officers' perceptions and attitudes of people-of-color are made and recommendations for police and social policy as well as suggestions for future research are discussed. Close

• 48. [Article] The Theory and Practice of Community Policing: An Evaluation of the Iris Court Demonstration Project

  This dissertation deals both with the theory and practice of community policing in the United States and elsewhere while focusing on a specific community policing project in Portland, Oregon. It discusses ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Theory and Practice of Community Policing: An Evaluation of the Iris Court Demonstration Project Author: Moose, Charles Year: 1993 This dissertation deals both with the theory and practice of community policing in the United States and elsewhere while focusing on a specific community policing project in Portland, Oregon. It discusses the history of police work in America, as well as that of the Portland Police Bureau. It also explicates the various meanings of "community policing," along with the problems and issues that have surfaced as the community policing movement has evolved. The research reported here was based on a project conducted by the Portland Police Bureau and numerous supporting agencies. The project was inaugurated in May 1990 with the following goals: improve quality of life of the residents, reduce the fear of crime, and reduce the levels of actual crime. Iris Court is a public housing complex owned and operated by the Housing Authority of Portland. It was recommended as a demonstration site for community policing because of past and ongoing problems of crime in and around it. The Portland City Council had mandated that community policing become the policing style in Portland, and the demonstration project was intended to test various community policing strategies. The tenants were surveyed prior to the implementation of the community policing strategies. The Metro-Life Enhancement Team was formed, an action plan was developed, most of the action plan items were implemented, and the tenants were resurveyed one year later. The evaluation of the project was conducted to assess whether community policing had a measurable effect on public safety. The dependent variables were quality of life, fear of crime, and actual crime. Various community policing strategies would be judged to have been successful if reported crime declined, the fear of crime was reduced, and the quality of life improved. The data show that the project was at least moderately successful. Reported crime declined, fear of crime was reduced, and there were indications that the quality of life was improved. The most striking finding was a 55% decrease in reported crime during the study period. This study suggests that community policing strategies of partnership, empowerment, problem solving, accountability, and service orientation can be successful. Title: The Theory and Practice of Community Policing: An Evaluation of the Iris Court Demonstration Project Author: Moose, Charles Year: 1993 This dissertation deals both with the theory and practice of community policing in the United States and elsewhere while focusing on a specific community policing project in Portland, Oregon. It discusses the history of police work in America, as well as that of the Portland Police Bureau. It also explicates the various meanings of "community policing," along with the problems and issues that have surfaced as the community policing movement has evolved. The research reported here was based on a project conducted by the Portland Police Bureau and numerous supporting agencies. The project was inaugurated in May 1990 with the following goals: improve quality of life of the residents, reduce the fear of crime, and reduce the levels of actual crime. Iris Court is a public housing complex owned and operated by the Housing Authority of Portland. It was recommended as a demonstration site for community policing because of past and ongoing problems of crime in and around it. The Portland City Council had mandated that community policing become the policing style in Portland, and the demonstration project was intended to test various community policing strategies. The tenants were surveyed prior to the implementation of the community policing strategies. The Metro-Life Enhancement Team was formed, an action plan was developed, most of the action plan items were implemented, and the tenants were resurveyed one year later. The evaluation of the project was conducted to assess whether community policing had a measurable effect on public safety. The dependent variables were quality of life, fear of crime, and actual crime. Various community policing strategies would be judged to have been successful if reported crime declined, the fear of crime was reduced, and the quality of life improved. The data show that the project was at least moderately successful. Reported crime declined, fear of crime was reduced, and there were indications that the quality of life was improved. The most striking finding was a 55% decrease in reported crime during the study period. This study suggests that community policing strategies of partnership, empowerment, problem solving, accountability, and service orientation can be successful. Close

• 49. [Article] An Investigation into Teacher Support of Science Explanation in High School Science Inquiry Units

  The Framework for K-12 Science Education, the foundation for the Next Generation Science Standards, identifies scientific explanation as one of the eight practices "essential for learning science." In ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: An Investigation into Teacher Support of Science Explanation in High School Science Inquiry Units Author: Hoffenberg, Rebecca Sue Year: 2013 The Framework for K-12 Science Education, the foundation for the Next Generation Science Standards, identifies scientific explanation as one of the eight practices "essential for learning science." In order to design professional development to help teachers implement these new standards, we need to assess students' current skill level in explanation construction, characterize current teacher practice surrounding it, and identify best practices for supporting students in explanation construction. This multiple-case study investigated teacher practice in eight high school science inquiry units in the Portland metro area and the scientific explanations the students produced in their work samples. Teacher Instructional Portfolios (TIPs) were analyzed with a TIP rubric based on best practices in teaching science inquiry and a qualitative coding scheme. Written scientific explanations were analyzed with an explanation rubric and qualitative codes. Relationships between instructional practices and explanation quality were examined. The study found that students struggle to produce high quality explanations. They have the most difficulty including adequate reasoning with science content. Also, teachers need to be familiar with the components of explanation and use a variety of pedagogical techniques to support students' explanation construction. Finally, the topic of the science inquiry activity should be strongly connected to the content in the unit, and students need a firm grasp of the scientific theory or model on which their research questions are based to adequately explain their inquiry results. Title: An Investigation into Teacher Support of Science Explanation in High School Science Inquiry Units Author: Hoffenberg, Rebecca Sue Year: 2013 The Framework for K-12 Science Education, the foundation for the Next Generation Science Standards, identifies scientific explanation as one of the eight practices "essential for learning science." In order to design professional development to help teachers implement these new standards, we need to assess students' current skill level in explanation construction, characterize current teacher practice surrounding it, and identify best practices for supporting students in explanation construction. This multiple-case study investigated teacher practice in eight high school science inquiry units in the Portland metro area and the scientific explanations the students produced in their work samples. Teacher Instructional Portfolios (TIPs) were analyzed with a TIP rubric based on best practices in teaching science inquiry and a qualitative coding scheme. Written scientific explanations were analyzed with an explanation rubric and qualitative codes. Relationships between instructional practices and explanation quality were examined. The study found that students struggle to produce high quality explanations. They have the most difficulty including adequate reasoning with science content. Also, teachers need to be familiar with the components of explanation and use a variety of pedagogical techniques to support students' explanation construction. Finally, the topic of the science inquiry activity should be strongly connected to the content in the unit, and students need a firm grasp of the scientific theory or model on which their research questions are based to adequately explain their inquiry results. Close

• 50. [Article] From Downtown Plan to Central City Summit: Trends in Portland's Central City, 1970-1998

  A report to Association for Portland Progress, City of Portland, Metro, Multnomah County, Portland State University and State of Oregon.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: From Downtown Plan to Central City Summit: Trends in Portland's Central City, 1970-1998 Author: Abbott, Carl, Pagenstecher, Gerhard, Parrott, Britt Year: 1998 A report to Association for Portland Progress, City of Portland, Metro, Multnomah County, Portland State University and State of Oregon. Title: From Downtown Plan to Central City Summit: Trends in Portland's Central City, 1970-1998 Author: Abbott, Carl, Pagenstecher, Gerhard, Parrott, Britt Year: 1998 A report to Association for Portland Progress, City of Portland, Metro, Multnomah County, Portland State University and State of Oregon. Close

• 51. [Article] Overlooked Destinations: Suburban Nodes, Centers, and Trips to Strips

  This study looks at travel to typical suburban commercial strips by residents living within one-third of a mile of the strip by focusing on six sites – four in the Portland, OR., metro area and two in ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Overlooked Destinations: Suburban Nodes, Centers, and Trips to Strips Author: Larco, Nico, Parker, Robert Year: 2013 This study looks at travel to typical suburban commercial strips by residents living within one-third of a mile of the strip by focusing on six sites – four in the Portland, OR., metro area and two in the Atlanta, GA., metro area. The study mapped pedsheds around the commercial strips in these sites and found significant increases in network extents when formal and informal pedestrian paths were added to street centerline data. Informal networks such as goat paths through vacant land and cuts in fences were widespread and suggest a pent-up demand for route directness. Travel surveys of residents found significant amounts of walking and biking in these areas – just over one-third of all trips to the commercial strip – with travel distance and walking along or across arterials affecting mode choice. This suggests network extent and connectivity to be a critical factor in increasing walking and biking in these suburban areas. Resident motivations behind mode choice included convenience (which mode is easiest); cost (active travel is less expensive than auto travel); and culture (a pattern of driving or active travel, regardless of ease or cost). There was little variation across sites, suggesting that this level of active travel and the motivations behind it are fairly consistent, with a few variations, across income and geography. Title: Overlooked Destinations: Suburban Nodes, Centers, and Trips to Strips Author: Larco, Nico, Parker, Robert Year: 2013 This study looks at travel to typical suburban commercial strips by residents living within one-third of a mile of the strip by focusing on six sites – four in the Portland, OR., metro area and two in the Atlanta, GA., metro area. The study mapped pedsheds around the commercial strips in these sites and found significant increases in network extents when formal and informal pedestrian paths were added to street centerline data. Informal networks such as goat paths through vacant land and cuts in fences were widespread and suggest a pent-up demand for route directness. Travel surveys of residents found significant amounts of walking and biking in these areas – just over one-third of all trips to the commercial strip – with travel distance and walking along or across arterials affecting mode choice. This suggests network extent and connectivity to be a critical factor in increasing walking and biking in these suburban areas. Resident motivations behind mode choice included convenience (which mode is easiest); cost (active travel is less expensive than auto travel); and culture (a pattern of driving or active travel, regardless of ease or cost). There was little variation across sites, suggesting that this level of active travel and the motivations behind it are fairly consistent, with a few variations, across income and geography. Close

• 52. [Article] Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure Community Needs Assessment

  Dependence on fossil fuels, climate change, and degraded air quality are forcing the auto industry and consumers to seek alternative solutions to the current transportation system. Significant technical ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure Community Needs Assessment Author: Parker, Robert, Brode, Juli, Rowell, John Year: 2012 Dependence on fossil fuels, climate change, and degraded air quality are forcing the auto industry and consumers to seek alternative solutions to the current transportation system. Significant technical breakthroughs are allowing automakers to develop electric vehicles (EVs) that transcend some of the key barriers that limited them historically. Plug in electric vehicles entered the Oregon marketplace in early 2011. A range of reports suggest the demand for EVs will grow rapidly once affordable highway speed vehicles become available. ODOT identified the lack of a reliable network of electric vehicle service equipment (e.g., charging stations) that increases the range of these vehicles as the biggest barrier to widespread adoption of EV technology. The demand for charging stations is expected to grow quickly as ODOT forecasts that EVs may account up to 20% of the new vehicles sold on Oregon within a decade. This project included the following elements: (1) a literature review on EV technology and development strategies; (2) a local demand assessment; (3) assessment of power load implications for local utilities based on local demand and different charging station scenarios; (4) charging station siting implications, including required infrastructure; (5) potential locations for charging infrastructure in Eugene-Springfield metro area; (6) development of materials and outreach strategies to raise public awareness of EVs; and (7) product designs for EV charging stations. This project directly supports OTREC’s objectives for educational proposals. CPW’s transportation focused service learning class in collaboration with Design Bridge (1) increased the transportation element of an existing class, and (2) provided opportunities for students to integrate transportation into architectural design, thereby promoting learning across disciplines in the transportation field. Title: Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure Community Needs Assessment Author: Parker, Robert, Brode, Juli, Rowell, John Year: 2012 Dependence on fossil fuels, climate change, and degraded air quality are forcing the auto industry and consumers to seek alternative solutions to the current transportation system. Significant technical breakthroughs are allowing automakers to develop electric vehicles (EVs) that transcend some of the key barriers that limited them historically. Plug in electric vehicles entered the Oregon marketplace in early 2011. A range of reports suggest the demand for EVs will grow rapidly once affordable highway speed vehicles become available. ODOT identified the lack of a reliable network of electric vehicle service equipment (e.g., charging stations) that increases the range of these vehicles as the biggest barrier to widespread adoption of EV technology. The demand for charging stations is expected to grow quickly as ODOT forecasts that EVs may account up to 20% of the new vehicles sold on Oregon within a decade. This project included the following elements: (1) a literature review on EV technology and development strategies; (2) a local demand assessment; (3) assessment of power load implications for local utilities based on local demand and different charging station scenarios; (4) charging station siting implications, including required infrastructure; (5) potential locations for charging infrastructure in Eugene-Springfield metro area; (6) development of materials and outreach strategies to raise public awareness of EVs; and (7) product designs for EV charging stations. This project directly supports OTREC’s objectives for educational proposals. CPW’s transportation focused service learning class in collaboration with Design Bridge (1) increased the transportation element of an existing class, and (2) provided opportunities for students to integrate transportation into architectural design, thereby promoting learning across disciplines in the transportation field. Close

• 53. [Article] CC: Job Seekers Current Workers University Aspirants: Conversations on Community Co

  An article which discusses the mission and value of higher learning in community colleges in the Portland Metro area.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: CC: Job Seekers Current Workers University Aspirants: Conversations on Community Co Author: Perkowski, Mateusz Year: 2004 An article which discusses the mission and value of higher learning in community colleges in the Portland Metro area. Title: CC: Job Seekers Current Workers University Aspirants: Conversations on Community Co Author: Perkowski, Mateusz Year: 2004 An article which discusses the mission and value of higher learning in community colleges in the Portland Metro area. Close

• 54. [Article] Contribution of the Film & Television Industry to the Economies of Oregon and the Portland Metropolitan Area: An Economic Impact Analysis for the Oregon Governor’s Office of Film and Television

  Research report on the economic footprint of the TV and Film Industry in Oregon and the Portland Metro Area.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Contribution of the Film & Television Industry to the Economies of Oregon and the Portland Metropolitan Area: An Economic Impact Analysis for the Oregon Governor’s Office of Film and Television Author: Renfro, Jeff, Liu, Jenny H. Year: 2012 Research report on the economic footprint of the TV and Film Industry in Oregon and the Portland Metro Area. Title: Contribution of the Film & Television Industry to the Economies of Oregon and the Portland Metropolitan Area: An Economic Impact Analysis for the Oregon Governor’s Office of Film and Television Author: Renfro, Jeff, Liu, Jenny H. Year: 2012 Research report on the economic footprint of the TV and Film Industry in Oregon and the Portland Metro Area. Close

• 55. [Article] Periodic Atlas of the Metroscape: Lassoing Urban Sprawl

  This issue's atlas compares the metroscape with four other metropolitan areas (San Antonio, Columbus, Charlotte, and Orlando). Using 1990 and 2000 census block group data, density classifications were ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Periodic Atlas of the Metroscape: Lassoing Urban Sprawl Author: Nelson, Arthur C., Sanchez, Thomas W. Year: 2003 This issue's atlas compares the metroscape with four other metropolitan areas (San Antonio, Columbus, Charlotte, and Orlando). Using 1990 and 2000 census block group data, density classifications were used to show patterns of urban (3 ,000+ persons/ sq.mi .), suburban (1 ,000 to 3,000 persons/sq.mi .), exurban (300 to 1,000 persons/sq .mi.) , and rural (/sq.mi.) growth. While the metroscape experienced significant population growth from 1990 to 2000, compared to the other four, it realized the smallest loss of rural lands and significantly less suburban and exurban style development as well. By comparison, Orlando - the other metro area in the sample using urban containment policies - realized significantly more outward development. Title: Periodic Atlas of the Metroscape: Lassoing Urban Sprawl Author: Nelson, Arthur C., Sanchez, Thomas W. Year: 2003 This issue's atlas compares the metroscape with four other metropolitan areas (San Antonio, Columbus, Charlotte, and Orlando). Using 1990 and 2000 census block group data, density classifications were used to show patterns of urban (3 ,000+ persons/ sq.mi .), suburban (1 ,000 to 3,000 persons/sq.mi .), exurban (300 to 1,000 persons/sq .mi.) , and rural (/sq.mi.) growth. While the metroscape experienced significant population growth from 1990 to 2000, compared to the other four, it realized the smallest loss of rural lands and significantly less suburban and exurban style development as well. By comparison, Orlando - the other metro area in the sample using urban containment policies - realized significantly more outward development. Close

• 56. [Article] Encouraging Low-Income Households to Make Location-Efficient Housing Choices

  The purpose of this project is to develop and evaluate tools to assist Housing Choice Voucher (HCV) program participants in the Portland, OR, metro region with considering transportation needs and options ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Encouraging Low-Income Households to Make Location-Efficient Housing Choices Author: Tremoulet, Andrée, Dann, Ryan, Adkins, Arlie Year: 2016 The purpose of this project is to develop and evaluate tools to assist Housing Choice Voucher (HCV) program participants in the Portland, OR, metro region with considering transportation needs and options when making decisions about where to live. The project consists of two elements: development of a set of tools in collaboration with the four metro-area housing authorities, and an evaluation of the effectiveness of the tools. The four housing authorities conceptualized and initiated this project, and then selected our team to fully design and complete it. Transportation costs are typically a household’s second-largest expense after housing and, on average, account for about one-fifth of household spending. Low-income households are especially burdened by transportation costs, with low-income households spending up to two times as much of their income on transportation than higher-income households (Litman, 2013). Thus, reducing transportation costs is likely to have a disproportionately positive effect on the budgets of low-income households, both because of the share of their budgets it claims and because they have little to no discretionary resources to absorb higher transportation costs without impacting their ability to purchase other essentials, such as food and health care. Title: Encouraging Low-Income Households to Make Location-Efficient Housing Choices Author: Tremoulet, Andrée, Dann, Ryan, Adkins, Arlie Year: 2016 The purpose of this project is to develop and evaluate tools to assist Housing Choice Voucher (HCV) program participants in the Portland, OR, metro region with considering transportation needs and options when making decisions about where to live. The project consists of two elements: development of a set of tools in collaboration with the four metro-area housing authorities, and an evaluation of the effectiveness of the tools. The four housing authorities conceptualized and initiated this project, and then selected our team to fully design and complete it. Transportation costs are typically a household’s second-largest expense after housing and, on average, account for about one-fifth of household spending. Low-income households are especially burdened by transportation costs, with low-income households spending up to two times as much of their income on transportation than higher-income households (Litman, 2013). Thus, reducing transportation costs is likely to have a disproportionately positive effect on the budgets of low-income households, both because of the share of their budgets it claims and because they have little to no discretionary resources to absorb higher transportation costs without impacting their ability to purchase other essentials, such as food and health care. Close

• 57. [Article] Voices from the Region: Connecting Historically Underrepresented Communities to Metro’s Decision-Making Process

  In April 2015, Metro and community partner 1000 Friends of Oregon received the Oregon Innovation Award from the Center for Public Service at Portland State University to develop an approach for better ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Voices from the Region: Connecting Historically Underrepresented Communities to Metro’s Decision-Making Process Author: Metro, 1000 Friends of Oregon, Portland State University. Hatfield School of Government. Center for Public Service Year: 2016 In April 2015, Metro and community partner 1000 Friends of Oregon received the Oregon Innovation Award from the Center for Public Service at Portland State University to develop an approach for better connecting historically underrepresented communities* to Metro’s decision-making processes. The award provided 1,000 hours of research, facilitation and consulting services from a Hatfield Resident Fellow and Center for Public Service staff. Over the course of seven months, sixty-plus representatives from Metro, 1000 Friends, CPS and many other local partners and organizations came to the table to contribute their time and expertise to the innovation effort. See page 23 for a complete list of contributors. These recommendations reflect the outcomes of this participatory process and the actions it generated. Title: Voices from the Region: Connecting Historically Underrepresented Communities to Metro’s Decision-Making Process Author: Metro, 1000 Friends of Oregon, Portland State University. Hatfield School of Government. Center for Public Service Year: 2016 In April 2015, Metro and community partner 1000 Friends of Oregon received the Oregon Innovation Award from the Center for Public Service at Portland State University to develop an approach for better connecting historically underrepresented communities* to Metro’s decision-making processes. The award provided 1,000 hours of research, facilitation and consulting services from a Hatfield Resident Fellow and Center for Public Service staff. Over the course of seven months, sixty-plus representatives from Metro, 1000 Friends, CPS and many other local partners and organizations came to the table to contribute their time and expertise to the innovation effort. See page 23 for a complete list of contributors. These recommendations reflect the outcomes of this participatory process and the actions it generated. Close

• 58. [Article] Cultivating Portlandia: A Mixed-Method Study of Residential Urban Agriculture in Portland, Oregon

  Research Question: What is the scale and scope of residential urban agriculture (UA) in metro Portland? How does the practice of UA vary spatially? How do gardeners' motivations and practices vary along ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Cultivating Portlandia: A Mixed-Method Study of Residential Urban Agriculture in Portland, Oregon Author: McClintock, Nathan, Simpson, Mike, Mahmoudi, Dillon, Santos, Jacinto Pereira Year: 2014 Research Question: What is the scale and scope of residential urban agriculture (UA) in metro Portland? How does the practice of UA vary spatially? How do gardeners' motivations and practices vary along socioeconomic lines? Title: Cultivating Portlandia: A Mixed-Method Study of Residential Urban Agriculture in Portland, Oregon Author: McClintock, Nathan, Simpson, Mike, Mahmoudi, Dillon, Santos, Jacinto Pereira Year: 2014 Research Question: What is the scale and scope of residential urban agriculture (UA) in metro Portland? How does the practice of UA vary spatially? How do gardeners' motivations and practices vary along socioeconomic lines? Close

• 59. [Article] North Portland Greenway Trail Strategic Plan

  Grow Willamette Greenway was initiated through a partnership between npGreenway and Willamette Planning Studio, a group of six Portland State University graduate students in the Masters of Urban and Regional ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: North Portland Greenway Trail Strategic Plan Author: Kelley, Lewis, DuBois, James, Erzen, Savannah, Gastaldi, Gena, Harrison, Lisa, Stoll, Nick Year: 2015 Grow Willamette Greenway was initiated through a partnership between npGreenway and Willamette Planning Studio, a group of six Portland State University graduate students in the Masters of Urban and Regional Planning program. Through a four month collaborative process of community engagement and analysis, including health impacts, economic development, and traffic demand modeling, a series of findings and recommendations were developed. The process built upon previous work undertaken by npGreenway, Metro, Portland Bureau of Transportation (PBOT), Portland Parks and Recreation (PP&R), and other government agencies and community organizations to present a strategic action plan for npGreenway to pursue what moves the greenway trail forward. This project was conducted under the supervision of Sy Adler, Marisa Zapata, Susan Hartnett Title: North Portland Greenway Trail Strategic Plan Author: Kelley, Lewis, DuBois, James, Erzen, Savannah, Gastaldi, Gena, Harrison, Lisa, Stoll, Nick Year: 2015 Grow Willamette Greenway was initiated through a partnership between npGreenway and Willamette Planning Studio, a group of six Portland State University graduate students in the Masters of Urban and Regional Planning program. Through a four month collaborative process of community engagement and analysis, including health impacts, economic development, and traffic demand modeling, a series of findings and recommendations were developed. The process built upon previous work undertaken by npGreenway, Metro, Portland Bureau of Transportation (PBOT), Portland Parks and Recreation (PP&R), and other government agencies and community organizations to present a strategic action plan for npGreenway to pursue what moves the greenway trail forward. This project was conducted under the supervision of Sy Adler, Marisa Zapata, Susan Hartnett Close

• 60. [Article] Westside Trail Feasibility Study: An Analysis of Opportunities and Constraints

  This team provided Metro with an assessment of conditions along the power line corridor on the proposed Westside Trail. The team developed trail goals and objectives, as well as criteria by which to assess ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Westside Trail Feasibility Study: An Analysis of Opportunities and Constraints Author: Owings, Amanda, Lyman, Kate, Voros, Kim, Wachana, Paul Herman, Reid, Ted, Kanai, Tomoko Year: 2007 This team provided Metro with an assessment of conditions along the power line corridor on the proposed Westside Trail. The team developed trail goals and objectives, as well as criteria by which to assess the study area. The final product highlights opportunities and constraints for meeting the trail's goals and objectives, and a set of recommendations for the trail. This project was conducted under the supervision of Ethan Seltzer and Sumner Sharpe. Title: Westside Trail Feasibility Study: An Analysis of Opportunities and Constraints Author: Owings, Amanda, Lyman, Kate, Voros, Kim, Wachana, Paul Herman, Reid, Ted, Kanai, Tomoko Year: 2007 This team provided Metro with an assessment of conditions along the power line corridor on the proposed Westside Trail. The team developed trail goals and objectives, as well as criteria by which to assess the study area. The final product highlights opportunities and constraints for meeting the trail's goals and objectives, and a set of recommendations for the trail. This project was conducted under the supervision of Ethan Seltzer and Sumner Sharpe. Close

• 61. [Article] Age-Related Shifts in Housing and Transportation Demand : A Multidisciplinary Study Conducted for Metro by Portland State University's College of Urban and Public Affairs, Final Report

  Understanding where middle-aged and older adults live, where they are moving, how they get around, and the factors influencing these decisions is essential for planning for the future. To gain an understanding ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Age-Related Shifts in Housing and Transportation Demand : A Multidisciplinary Study Conducted for Metro by Portland State University's College of Urban and Public Affairs, Final Report Author: Neal, Margaret B., Chapman, Nancy J., Dill, Jennifer, Sharkova, Irina V., DeLaTorre, Alan Kenneth, Sullivan, Kathleen A., Kanai, Tomoko, Martin, Sheila A. Year: 2006 Understanding where middle-aged and older adults live, where they are moving, how they get around, and the factors influencing these decisions is essential for planning for the future. To gain an understanding of the impact of age-related shifts on housing and transportation demand, Portland State University's College of Urban and Public Affairs, via its Institute on Aging, was contracted to conduct a review of the literature and to analyze existing key local and national data sources. A multidisciplinary team of faculty and graduate students was assembled and performed the work in the summer of 2006. The literature reviewed and the analyses presented here are intended to inform Metro's Regional Forecast and modeling assumptions and to stimulate policy discussions pertaining to managing the region's land supply and investing in transportation infrastructure. Title: Age-Related Shifts in Housing and Transportation Demand : A Multidisciplinary Study Conducted for Metro by Portland State University's College of Urban and Public Affairs, Final Report Author: Neal, Margaret B., Chapman, Nancy J., Dill, Jennifer, Sharkova, Irina V., DeLaTorre, Alan Kenneth, Sullivan, Kathleen A., Kanai, Tomoko, Martin, Sheila A. Year: 2006 Understanding where middle-aged and older adults live, where they are moving, how they get around, and the factors influencing these decisions is essential for planning for the future. To gain an understanding of the impact of age-related shifts on housing and transportation demand, Portland State University's College of Urban and Public Affairs, via its Institute on Aging, was contracted to conduct a review of the literature and to analyze existing key local and national data sources. A multidisciplinary team of faculty and graduate students was assembled and performed the work in the summer of 2006. The literature reviewed and the analyses presented here are intended to inform Metro's Regional Forecast and modeling assumptions and to stimulate policy discussions pertaining to managing the region's land supply and investing in transportation infrastructure. Close

• 62. [Article] Achieving Sustainable, Compact Development in the Portland Metropolitan Area: New Tools and Approaches for Developing Centers and Corridors

  This report represents the work of a group of local public, private and institutional experts in real estate development and finance convened by the Institute of Portland Metropolitan Studies at Portland ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Achieving Sustainable, Compact Development in the Portland Metropolitan Area: New Tools and Approaches for Developing Centers and Corridors Author: Kelley, Gil, Martin, Sheila A, Mylott, Elizabeth Year: 2009 This report represents the work of a group of local public, private and institutional experts in real estate development and finance convened by the Institute of Portland Metropolitan Studies at Portland State University. This was done at the request of Metro, which wanted outside expert advice on ways to achieve more robust development of centers and corridors in the Portland metropolitan area, an important aspect of implementing the 2040 Growth Concept. Although the expert advisory group (EAG) enthusiastically took on this task, it wanted to first back up a step and deliberate over whether and to what extent center and corridor-based development was indicated by long term trends and what larger implications this might have for both the local real estate development industry and for regional governance. In other words, rather than to simply offer a list of new micro strategies, the EAG wanted to preface its advice with an opinion about the magnitude of shifts that may now be occurring in the marketplace and extend its advice into the realm of governance, particularly with regard to what they see as a more sustainable and effective framework for public-private-institutional collaboration for managing growth and building desirable communities. Title: Achieving Sustainable, Compact Development in the Portland Metropolitan Area: New Tools and Approaches for Developing Centers and Corridors Author: Kelley, Gil, Martin, Sheila A, Mylott, Elizabeth Year: 2009 This report represents the work of a group of local public, private and institutional experts in real estate development and finance convened by the Institute of Portland Metropolitan Studies at Portland State University. This was done at the request of Metro, which wanted outside expert advice on ways to achieve more robust development of centers and corridors in the Portland metropolitan area, an important aspect of implementing the 2040 Growth Concept. Although the expert advisory group (EAG) enthusiastically took on this task, it wanted to first back up a step and deliberate over whether and to what extent center and corridor-based development was indicated by long term trends and what larger implications this might have for both the local real estate development industry and for regional governance. In other words, rather than to simply offer a list of new micro strategies, the EAG wanted to preface its advice with an opinion about the magnitude of shifts that may now be occurring in the marketplace and extend its advice into the realm of governance, particularly with regard to what they see as a more sustainable and effective framework for public-private-institutional collaboration for managing growth and building desirable communities. Close

• 63. [Article] Affordable Housing Needs Study for the Portland Metropolitan Area Draft Final Report

  The purpose of this report is to respond to the recommendations of the Regional Housing Choice Task Force by providing information to guide housing choice policy for the Metro Council. In particular, the ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Affordable Housing Needs Study for the Portland Metropolitan Area Draft Final Report Author: Hough, George C., Jr., Martin, Sheila A., Mildner, Gerard C., Proehl, Risa S. Year: 2007 The purpose of this report is to respond to the recommendations of the Regional Housing Choice Task Force by providing information to guide housing choice policy for the Metro Council. In particular, the objectives of this project were to: estimate current and future affordable housing need for the Metro region; describe the distribution of households by income, age, and size across the metro region; describe the tenure of these households and the type of housing they will choose; identify and describe those household types that are most likely to struggle to meet the cost of housing based on their income; and make recommendations for improving analysis of affordable housing need in the future. Our approach to this task was to use output from the Metroscope model, using the base case scenario, to forecast the housing consumption decisions of households from 2005 to 2035. We chose the Metroscope model after also considering the State of Oregon?s Housing/Land Needs model. We concluded from examining the assumptions and abilities of each model that Metroscope is better able to offer the Metro Council the insight into the housing market required to inform housing choice policy. The Metroscope model incorporates housing supply and demand for the entire four-county metropolitan region (Multnomah, Washington, Clackamas, and Clark counties). The region comprises a single housing market; residents travel throughout the region to work, shop, and socialize. Thus, it makes little sense to examine any one county in isolation. While this report does not include the results for Clark County, its impact on demand and supply of housing in the rest of the region is taken into account in the Metroscope model and is reflected in the results presented here. Given the assumptions of the Metroscope model (described in Section 2), we address several questions, including: Where will household growth occur? What kinds of households will grow? What kinds of housing will these households live in? What percentage of their income will they pay for housing? What demographic groups are most cost-burdened and where do those households reside? This report offers a summary of the findings regarding each of these questions. Title: Affordable Housing Needs Study for the Portland Metropolitan Area Draft Final Report Author: Hough, George C., Jr., Martin, Sheila A., Mildner, Gerard C., Proehl, Risa S. Year: 2007 The purpose of this report is to respond to the recommendations of the Regional Housing Choice Task Force by providing information to guide housing choice policy for the Metro Council. In particular, the objectives of this project were to: estimate current and future affordable housing need for the Metro region; describe the distribution of households by income, age, and size across the metro region; describe the tenure of these households and the type of housing they will choose; identify and describe those household types that are most likely to struggle to meet the cost of housing based on their income; and make recommendations for improving analysis of affordable housing need in the future. Our approach to this task was to use output from the Metroscope model, using the base case scenario, to forecast the housing consumption decisions of households from 2005 to 2035. We chose the Metroscope model after also considering the State of Oregon?s Housing/Land Needs model. We concluded from examining the assumptions and abilities of each model that Metroscope is better able to offer the Metro Council the insight into the housing market required to inform housing choice policy. The Metroscope model incorporates housing supply and demand for the entire four-county metropolitan region (Multnomah, Washington, Clackamas, and Clark counties). The region comprises a single housing market; residents travel throughout the region to work, shop, and socialize. Thus, it makes little sense to examine any one county in isolation. While this report does not include the results for Clark County, its impact on demand and supply of housing in the rest of the region is taken into account in the Metroscope model and is reflected in the results presented here. Given the assumptions of the Metroscope model (described in Section 2), we address several questions, including: Where will household growth occur? What kinds of households will grow? What kinds of housing will these households live in? What percentage of their income will they pay for housing? What demographic groups are most cost-burdened and where do those households reside? This report offers a summary of the findings regarding each of these questions. Close

• 64. [Article] Housing Needs Study for the Portland Metropolitan Area Final Report

  The purpose of this report is to respond to the recommendations of the Regional Housing Choice Task Force by providing information to guide housing choice policy for the Metro Council. In particular, the ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Housing Needs Study for the Portland Metropolitan Area Final Report Author: Hough, George C., Jr., Martin, Sheila A., Mildner, Gerard C., Proehl, Risa Year: 2008 The purpose of this report is to respond to the recommendations of the Regional Housing Choice Task Force by providing information to guide housing choice policy for the Metro Council. In particular, the objectives of this project were to: Estimate current and future affordable housing need for the Metro region; Describe the distribution of households by income, age, and size across the metro region; Describe the tenure of these households and the type of housing they will choose; Identify and describe those household types that are most likely to struggle to meet the cost of housing based on their income; and Make recommendations for improving analysis of affordable housing need in the future. Our approach to this task was to use output from the Metroscope model, using the base case scenario, to forecast the housing consumption decisions of households from 2005 to 2035. We chose the Metroscope model after also considering the State of Oregon?s Housing/Land Needs model. We concluded from examining the assumptions and abilities of each model that Metroscope is better able to offer the Metro Council the insight into the housing market required to inform housing choice policy. The Metroscope model incorporates housing supply and demand for the entire four-county metropolitan region (Multnomah, Washington, Clackamas, and Clark counties). The region comprises a single housing market; residents travel throughout the region to work, shop, and socialize. Thus, it makes little sense to examine any one county in isolation. Given the assumptions of the Metroscope model (described in Section 2), we address several questions, including: Where will household growth occur? What kinds of households will grow? What kinds of housing will these households live in? What percentage of their income will they pay for housing? What demographic groups are most cost-burdened and where do those households reside? Title: Housing Needs Study for the Portland Metropolitan Area Final Report Author: Hough, George C., Jr., Martin, Sheila A., Mildner, Gerard C., Proehl, Risa Year: 2008 The purpose of this report is to respond to the recommendations of the Regional Housing Choice Task Force by providing information to guide housing choice policy for the Metro Council. In particular, the objectives of this project were to: Estimate current and future affordable housing need for the Metro region; Describe the distribution of households by income, age, and size across the metro region; Describe the tenure of these households and the type of housing they will choose; Identify and describe those household types that are most likely to struggle to meet the cost of housing based on their income; and Make recommendations for improving analysis of affordable housing need in the future. Our approach to this task was to use output from the Metroscope model, using the base case scenario, to forecast the housing consumption decisions of households from 2005 to 2035. We chose the Metroscope model after also considering the State of Oregon?s Housing/Land Needs model. We concluded from examining the assumptions and abilities of each model that Metroscope is better able to offer the Metro Council the insight into the housing market required to inform housing choice policy. The Metroscope model incorporates housing supply and demand for the entire four-county metropolitan region (Multnomah, Washington, Clackamas, and Clark counties). The region comprises a single housing market; residents travel throughout the region to work, shop, and socialize. Thus, it makes little sense to examine any one county in isolation. Given the assumptions of the Metroscope model (described in Section 2), we address several questions, including: Where will household growth occur? What kinds of households will grow? What kinds of housing will these households live in? What percentage of their income will they pay for housing? What demographic groups are most cost-burdened and where do those households reside? Close

• 65. [Article] Business Growth in the Portland Metro Region

  Like other articles on the Metropolitan Knowledge Network, we examine our region’s prosperity in comparison to other regions comparable to the Portland MSA and present the data in order of their 2008 population ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Business Growth in the Portland Metro Region Author: Martin, Sheila A, Picha, Emily Year: 2009 Like other articles on the Metropolitan Knowledge Network, we examine our region’s prosperity in comparison to other regions comparable to the Portland MSA and present the data in order of their 2008 population estimates. Title: Business Growth in the Portland Metro Region Author: Martin, Sheila A, Picha, Emily Year: 2009 Like other articles on the Metropolitan Knowledge Network, we examine our region’s prosperity in comparison to other regions comparable to the Portland MSA and present the data in order of their 2008 population estimates. Close

• 66. [Article] Measuring Dynamic Patterns in the Structure of Substate Economies

  The objective of this study was to explore a new method of analyzing the performance of substate economies. A major limitation of conventional analyses of economic diversity and growth is the reliance ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Measuring Dynamic Patterns in the Structure of Substate Economies Author: McHugh, Richard, Cooper, Ronald, Martin, Sheila A., Otto, Daniel, Johnson, Stanley R. Year: 1990 The objective of this study was to explore a new method of analyzing the performance of substate economies. A major limitation of conventional analyses of economic diversity and growth is the reliance on static measures of economic structure. Such measures do not capture the patterns of growth dynamics or structural change the region may be experiencing. This paper discusses a new measure of dynamic economic diversity and explores its relationship to economic performance. The measure is a statistical index that reflects the degree to which employment in a county's industries move together over time. The more the industries' employment levels move together, the higher the value of the index. A high index indicates a high degree of regional economic integration. The analysis was applied to county-level data from three states: Iowa, Minnesota, and Wisconsin. The findings: • Metro areas showed the highest values of the dynamic coherence index, and farm counties had the lowest values. Nonfarm/nor~etro counties were in the middle range. • High-coherence counties tend to have higher levels of per capita income. • Dynamic coherence appears to be positively related to the rate of economic growth as measured by employment growth rates. These findings may indicate that conventional static measures do not capture the economic linkages between industry sectors that make them move together. The positive correlations between the index of dynamic coherence and both income and employment growth may be reflecting the importance of interindustry linkages to the growth process. Title: Measuring Dynamic Patterns in the Structure of Substate Economies Author: McHugh, Richard, Cooper, Ronald, Martin, Sheila A., Otto, Daniel, Johnson, Stanley R. Year: 1990 The objective of this study was to explore a new method of analyzing the performance of substate economies. A major limitation of conventional analyses of economic diversity and growth is the reliance on static measures of economic structure. Such measures do not capture the patterns of growth dynamics or structural change the region may be experiencing. This paper discusses a new measure of dynamic economic diversity and explores its relationship to economic performance. The measure is a statistical index that reflects the degree to which employment in a county's industries move together over time. The more the industries' employment levels move together, the higher the value of the index. A high index indicates a high degree of regional economic integration. The analysis was applied to county-level data from three states: Iowa, Minnesota, and Wisconsin. The findings: • Metro areas showed the highest values of the dynamic coherence index, and farm counties had the lowest values. Nonfarm/nor~etro counties were in the middle range. • High-coherence counties tend to have higher levels of per capita income. • Dynamic coherence appears to be positively related to the rate of economic growth as measured by employment growth rates. These findings may indicate that conventional static measures do not capture the economic linkages between industry sectors that make them move together. The positive correlations between the index of dynamic coherence and both income and employment growth may be reflecting the importance of interindustry linkages to the growth process. Close

• 67. [Article] Traditional and Nontraditional Data as Indicators of Economic Activity in Rural Communities

  The objective of this study was twofold: (1) to identify nontraditional sources of data that can be used to monitor economic activity in rural areas, and (2) to test the relationship between such data ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Traditional and Nontraditional Data as Indicators of Economic Activity in Rural Communities Author: McHugh, Richard, Cooper, Ronald, Martin, Sheila A., Otto, Daniel, Johnson, Stanley R. Year: 1990 The objective of this study was twofold: (1) to identify nontraditional sources of data that can be used to monitor economic activity in rural areas, and (2) to test the relationship between such data and trends in traditional measures, such as income and employment. The need for alternative sources of data arises primarily out of the inconsistent quality and availability of traditional economic data at the subs tate level. New sources of data can help reduce this metro-rural data gap and provide a fuller picture of the diverse experience and structure of subs tate economies. Two sources of nontraditional data were explored: state government administrative records, and data from local private and quasi-private companies, such as utilities and banks. In particular, banking data from the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, phone connection data from Northwest Bell (U.S. West), and food stamp program data were used. The data series consisted of county-level data for Iowa, Minnesota, and Wisconsin. These data were statistically compared to employment growth levels in each county. Banking data (reflecting bank Willingness and ability to lend), phone data (reflecting new household and business formations), and food stamp participation correlated significantly (though weakly) with growth. The weak correlations are expected because the nontraditional data series are generally more volatile, or erratic, than employment data series. Composite indexes were constructed from the data and correlated with the employment data series. The results showed improved correlations and suggest that such indexes may be useful as leading indicators of economic activity. Overall, the results show that there is considerable potential in the development of economic indicators from nontraditional data. Title: Traditional and Nontraditional Data as Indicators of Economic Activity in Rural Communities Author: McHugh, Richard, Cooper, Ronald, Martin, Sheila A., Otto, Daniel, Johnson, Stanley R. Year: 1990 The objective of this study was twofold: (1) to identify nontraditional sources of data that can be used to monitor economic activity in rural areas, and (2) to test the relationship between such data and trends in traditional measures, such as income and employment. The need for alternative sources of data arises primarily out of the inconsistent quality and availability of traditional economic data at the subs tate level. New sources of data can help reduce this metro-rural data gap and provide a fuller picture of the diverse experience and structure of subs tate economies. Two sources of nontraditional data were explored: state government administrative records, and data from local private and quasi-private companies, such as utilities and banks. In particular, banking data from the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, phone connection data from Northwest Bell (U.S. West), and food stamp program data were used. The data series consisted of county-level data for Iowa, Minnesota, and Wisconsin. These data were statistically compared to employment growth levels in each county. Banking data (reflecting bank Willingness and ability to lend), phone data (reflecting new household and business formations), and food stamp participation correlated significantly (though weakly) with growth. The weak correlations are expected because the nontraditional data series are generally more volatile, or erratic, than employment data series. Composite indexes were constructed from the data and correlated with the employment data series. The results showed improved correlations and suggest that such indexes may be useful as leading indicators of economic activity. Overall, the results show that there is considerable potential in the development of economic indicators from nontraditional data. Close

• 68. [Article] How to Estimate Pedestrian Demand

  There is growing support to improve the quality of the walking environment and make investments to promote pedestrian travel. Such efforts often require analytical non-motorized planning tools to estimate ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: How to Estimate Pedestrian Demand Author: Clifton, Kelly, Singleton, Patrick Allen, Muhs, Christopher D., Schneider, Robert J. Year: 2015 There is growing support to improve the quality of the walking environment and make investments to promote pedestrian travel. Such efforts often require analytical non-motorized planning tools to estimate levels of pedestrian demand that are sensitive to environmental and demographic factors at an appropriate scale. Despite this interest and need, current forecasting tools, particularly regional travel demand models, often fall short. To address this gap, Oregon Metro and NITC researcher Kelly Clifton worked together to develop a pedestrian demand estimation tool. For generations, planners have been using statistical models to forecast travel demand, but these models have traditionally been auto-centered. The new tool will allow planners to allocate infrastructure based on pedestrian demand in the Portland, Oregon metropolitan area. The tool is also designed to be replicable, so that other metropolitan areas can adapt the model to begin estimating pedestrian demand in their cities. Title: How to Estimate Pedestrian Demand Author: Clifton, Kelly, Singleton, Patrick Allen, Muhs, Christopher D., Schneider, Robert J. Year: 2015 There is growing support to improve the quality of the walking environment and make investments to promote pedestrian travel. Such efforts often require analytical non-motorized planning tools to estimate levels of pedestrian demand that are sensitive to environmental and demographic factors at an appropriate scale. Despite this interest and need, current forecasting tools, particularly regional travel demand models, often fall short. To address this gap, Oregon Metro and NITC researcher Kelly Clifton worked together to develop a pedestrian demand estimation tool. For generations, planners have been using statistical models to forecast travel demand, but these models have traditionally been auto-centered. The new tool will allow planners to allocate infrastructure based on pedestrian demand in the Portland, Oregon metropolitan area. The tool is also designed to be replicable, so that other metropolitan areas can adapt the model to begin estimating pedestrian demand in their cities. Close

• 69. [Article] Development of a Pedestrian Demand Estimation Tool: a Destination Choice Model

  There is growing support for improvements to the quality of the walking environment, including more investments to promote pedestrian travel. Planners, engineers, and others seek improved tools to estimate ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Development of a Pedestrian Demand Estimation Tool: a Destination Choice Model Author: Muhs, Christopher D., Clifton, Kelly, Singleton, Patrick Allen, Schneider, Robert J. Year: 2015 There is growing support for improvements to the quality of the walking environment, including more investments to promote pedestrian travel. Planners, engineers, and others seek improved tools to estimate pedestrian demand that are sensitive to environmental and demographic factors at the appropriate scale in order to aid policy-relevant issues like air quality, public health, and smart allocation of infrastructure and other resources. Further, in the travel demand forecasting realm, tools of this kind are difficult to implement due to the use of spatial scales of analysis that are oriented towards motorized modes, vast data requirements, and computer processing limitations. To address these issues, a two-phase project between Portland State University and Oregon Metro is underway to develop a robust pedestrian planning method for use in regional travel demand models. The first phase, completed in 2013, utilizes a tool that predicts the number of walking trips generated with spatial acuity, based on a new measure of the pedestrian environment and a micro-level unit of analysis. Currently, phase two is building upon this tool to predict the distribution of walking trips, connecting the origins predicted in phase one to destinations. This presentation will focus on phase two, which is one of the first studies to focus on destination choices among pedestrians separately from other modes. The approach can be extended to identify the spatial extent of potential pedestrian paths to these destinations. Ultimately, the products developed from the research can estimate various aspects of pedestrian demand – trip generation, trip distribution, and areas of potential pedestrian activity. These tools will add to the analytical methods available for transportation modeling, pedestrian and safety analysis, health assessments, and other pedestrian planning applications. Title: Development of a Pedestrian Demand Estimation Tool: a Destination Choice Model Author: Muhs, Christopher D., Clifton, Kelly, Singleton, Patrick Allen, Schneider, Robert J. Year: 2015 There is growing support for improvements to the quality of the walking environment, including more investments to promote pedestrian travel. Planners, engineers, and others seek improved tools to estimate pedestrian demand that are sensitive to environmental and demographic factors at the appropriate scale in order to aid policy-relevant issues like air quality, public health, and smart allocation of infrastructure and other resources. Further, in the travel demand forecasting realm, tools of this kind are difficult to implement due to the use of spatial scales of analysis that are oriented towards motorized modes, vast data requirements, and computer processing limitations. To address these issues, a two-phase project between Portland State University and Oregon Metro is underway to develop a robust pedestrian planning method for use in regional travel demand models. The first phase, completed in 2013, utilizes a tool that predicts the number of walking trips generated with spatial acuity, based on a new measure of the pedestrian environment and a micro-level unit of analysis. Currently, phase two is building upon this tool to predict the distribution of walking trips, connecting the origins predicted in phase one to destinations. This presentation will focus on phase two, which is one of the first studies to focus on destination choices among pedestrians separately from other modes. The approach can be extended to identify the spatial extent of potential pedestrian paths to these destinations. Ultimately, the products developed from the research can estimate various aspects of pedestrian demand – trip generation, trip distribution, and areas of potential pedestrian activity. These tools will add to the analytical methods available for transportation modeling, pedestrian and safety analysis, health assessments, and other pedestrian planning applications. Close

• 70. [Article] The Impact of EMME-2 on Urban Transportation Planning: A Portland Case Study

  The impact of interactive graphics and an improved multimodal transportation planning software package on the urban t ransportation planning process and organization responsible for the planning is assessed. ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Impact of EMME-2 on Urban Transportation Planning: A Portland Case Study Author: Dueker, Kenneth, Rao, Rishinath L., Cotugno, Andy, Lawton, Keith, Walker, Richard Year: 1985 The impact of interactive graphics and an improved multimodal transportation planning software package on the urban t ransportation planning process and organization responsible for the planning is assessed. The focus is on the results of applying the new technology, which allows the planning organization to increase capacity to conceptualize and evaluate alternative courses of action. This emphases on the results of planning raises the likelihood of changes in the way transportation decision making occurs. An advanced interactive graphics system for urban transportation planning process was adopted by the Metropolitan Service District (METRO) of Portland, Oregon, a Metropolitan Planning Organization (MPO). In September 1983, METRO's Transportation Planning Department acquired a state-of-the-a rt software program called EMME/2 (a bilingual acronym for Multimodal Equlibrium) which runs on a super microcomputer. EMME/2 is an interactive graphic method for highway and transit planning. This program aids transportation planning by graphically plotting, in a map format, detailed inforrmation a bout travel flows. It provides graphic display quickly to aid in the interpretation of heretofore voluminous amounts of difficult to assimilate data. The new system is saving time and cost, but more importantly it is improving analysis by allowing more opportunity to interact with the results of analysis . It is also changing the character of work. The quicker turnaround time for analysis has created a demand for short-range studies, i.e . more traffic management applications. Finally, interorganizational impacts are occurring. Other agencies in the region are becoming active users of the system. Title: The Impact of EMME-2 on Urban Transportation Planning: A Portland Case Study Author: Dueker, Kenneth, Rao, Rishinath L., Cotugno, Andy, Lawton, Keith, Walker, Richard Year: 1985 The impact of interactive graphics and an improved multimodal transportation planning software package on the urban t ransportation planning process and organization responsible for the planning is assessed. The focus is on the results of applying the new technology, which allows the planning organization to increase capacity to conceptualize and evaluate alternative courses of action. This emphases on the results of planning raises the likelihood of changes in the way transportation decision making occurs. An advanced interactive graphics system for urban transportation planning process was adopted by the Metropolitan Service District (METRO) of Portland, Oregon, a Metropolitan Planning Organization (MPO). In September 1983, METRO's Transportation Planning Department acquired a state-of-the-a rt software program called EMME/2 (a bilingual acronym for Multimodal Equlibrium) which runs on a super microcomputer. EMME/2 is an interactive graphic method for highway and transit planning. This program aids transportation planning by graphically plotting, in a map format, detailed inforrmation a bout travel flows. It provides graphic display quickly to aid in the interpretation of heretofore voluminous amounts of difficult to assimilate data. The new system is saving time and cost, but more importantly it is improving analysis by allowing more opportunity to interact with the results of analysis . It is also changing the character of work. The quicker turnaround time for analysis has created a demand for short-range studies, i.e . more traffic management applications. Finally, interorganizational impacts are occurring. Other agencies in the region are becoming active users of the system. Close

• 71. [Article] Staff Report: In Consideration of Ordinance No. 05-1077 Amending the Regional Framework Plan and the Urban Growth Management Functional Plan Relating to Nature in Neighborhoods

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Staff Report: In Consideration of Ordinance No. 05-1077 Amending the Regional Framework Plan and the Urban Growth Management Functional Plan Relating to Nature in Neighborhoods Author: Cotugno, Andy, Deffebach, Chris Year: 2005 Title: Staff Report: In Consideration of Ordinance No. 05-1077 Amending the Regional Framework Plan and the Urban Growth Management Functional Plan Relating to Nature in Neighborhoods Author: Cotugno, Andy, Deffebach, Chris Year: 2005 Close

• 72. [Article] A Hierarchical Decision Model (HDM) for Exploring the Adoption of Electronic Health Records

  Information systems have been making a noticeable entrance in the healthcare, although their adoption has been slow. This paper examines the factors influencing the electronic healthcare records (EHR) ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: A Hierarchical Decision Model (HDM) for Exploring the Adoption of Electronic Health Records Author: Mudavadi, Caroline, Hogaboam, Liliya, Daim, Tugrul Unsal Year: 2016 Information systems have been making a noticeable entrance in the healthcare, although their adoption has been slow. This paper examines the factors influencing the electronic healthcare records (EHR) adoption by modeling behavioral intention of physicians towards EHR adoption. Three main criteria: perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use and external factors along with the subcriteria, are studied by the authors. Analytical hierarchical process (AHP) model is tested through the expert judgment quantification of physicians in Portland metro area. The results showed high importance of the Perceived Ease of Use criteria on the behavioral intensions of physicians towards EHR adoption. Search ability and user interface - subcriteria of Perceived Ease of Use had some of the highest values. Another important subcriterion in the analysis under External Factors Criteria was Cost. None of the criteria evaluated could be considered unimportant, i.e. having really low values after the analysis. The results indicate that EHR should be mandatory in terms of reducing of time spent and errors, improving the outcomes and productivity and in terms of optimum patient treatment. © 2016 Portland International Conference on Management of Engineering and Technology, Inc. Title: A Hierarchical Decision Model (HDM) for Exploring the Adoption of Electronic Health Records Author: Mudavadi, Caroline, Hogaboam, Liliya, Daim, Tugrul Unsal Year: 2016 Information systems have been making a noticeable entrance in the healthcare, although their adoption has been slow. This paper examines the factors influencing the electronic healthcare records (EHR) adoption by modeling behavioral intention of physicians towards EHR adoption. Three main criteria: perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use and external factors along with the subcriteria, are studied by the authors. Analytical hierarchical process (AHP) model is tested through the expert judgment quantification of physicians in Portland metro area. The results showed high importance of the Perceived Ease of Use criteria on the behavioral intensions of physicians towards EHR adoption. Search ability and user interface - subcriteria of Perceived Ease of Use had some of the highest values. Another important subcriterion in the analysis under External Factors Criteria was Cost. None of the criteria evaluated could be considered unimportant, i.e. having really low values after the analysis. The results indicate that EHR should be mandatory in terms of reducing of time spent and errors, improving the outcomes and productivity and in terms of optimum patient treatment. © 2016 Portland International Conference on Management of Engineering and Technology, Inc. Close

• 73. [Article] Daycare center services for the handicapped in the Portland Metropolitan Area : a descriptive study

  This study endeavors to identify those daycare centers in the Portland Metro area that provide service to the handicapped or special needs child. ("Special needs" refers to children that are handicapped ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Daycare center services for the handicapped in the Portland Metropolitan Area : a descriptive study Author: Freni-Rothschild, Jacqueline A. Year: 1986 This study endeavors to identify those daycare centers in the Portland Metro area that provide service to the handicapped or special needs child. ("Special needs" refers to children that are handicapped with varying degrees of severity.) It discusses the value and importance of the daycare experience for the young child, noting that daycare options available to the normal child are not usually available to the atypical child. Title: Daycare center services for the handicapped in the Portland Metropolitan Area : a descriptive study Author: Freni-Rothschild, Jacqueline A. Year: 1986 This study endeavors to identify those daycare centers in the Portland Metro area that provide service to the handicapped or special needs child. ("Special needs" refers to children that are handicapped with varying degrees of severity.) It discusses the value and importance of the daycare experience for the young child, noting that daycare options available to the normal child are not usually available to the atypical child. Close

• 74. [Article] Settlement Patterns in the Portland Region: A Historical Overview

  Cities exist because they serve two basic functions--to generate economic value and to sustain social and cultural values. In the most fundamental sense, the interaction of these two urban roles determines ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Settlement Patterns in the Portland Region: A Historical Overview Author: Abbott, Carl Year: 1994 Cities exist because they serve two basic functions--to generate economic value and to sustain social and cultural values. In the most fundamental sense, the interaction of these two urban roles determines the growth of metropolitan areas and patterns of land use and settlement within those urban areas. Within this framework of metropolitan functions, five factors have strongly affected American urban settlement patterns. The first section of this report briefly introduces these broad forces. The central section traces in detail the ways in which the factors have shaped settlement and land use in the Portland area over the last 150 years. The concluding section suggests new ways in which these five basic factors may operate in the coming decades and briefly analyzes possible new effects on the region's settlement patterns. Title: Settlement Patterns in the Portland Region: A Historical Overview Author: Abbott, Carl Year: 1994 Cities exist because they serve two basic functions--to generate economic value and to sustain social and cultural values. In the most fundamental sense, the interaction of these two urban roles determines the growth of metropolitan areas and patterns of land use and settlement within those urban areas. Within this framework of metropolitan functions, five factors have strongly affected American urban settlement patterns. The first section of this report briefly introduces these broad forces. The central section traces in detail the ways in which the factors have shaped settlement and land use in the Portland area over the last 150 years. The concluding section suggests new ways in which these five basic factors may operate in the coming decades and briefly analyzes possible new effects on the region's settlement patterns. Close

• 75. [Article] Riparian Shade Assessment and Restoration Priorities Analysis in the Damascus Urban Growth Boundary Expansion Area

  An important component of progressive urban planning is the protection and restoration of riparian environments, particularly in the Pacific Northwest where increasing stream temperatures threaten the ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Riparian Shade Assessment and Restoration Priorities Analysis in the Damascus Urban Growth Boundary Expansion Area Author: Leferink, Robin K. Year: 2007 An important component of progressive urban planning is the protection and restoration of riparian environments, particularly in the Pacific Northwest where increasing stream temperatures threaten the survival of endangered salmonids and other cold-water biota. Restoration projects are often led by watershed councils or other grassroots organizations with limited resources, and it is essential that these groups have an efficient and effective approach to determine priority areas where their efforts can be directed to achieve the greatest ecological benefit. The purpose of this project was to quantify existing riparian shade levels and identify priority reaches for shade restoration on Clackamas River basin streams in the Damascus area expansion of the Portland, Oregon urban growth boundary. Additionally, potential errors in the Metro Regional Land Information System (RLIS) Lite geographic information system (GIS) coverage of the area’s streams were identified and corrected where possible. Riparian shade levels were quantified through interpretation of digital aerial photographs using GIS. At the start of the shade analysis six 50 m reaches in the study area were surveyed using a spherical densiometer to calibrate the aerial photo interpretation. Following the analysis, the method accuracy was assessed by comparing GIS-derived shade classes with field data from 25 sites in the study area that were surveyed in 2003. Stream reaches were identified and prioritized for restoration based on riparian shade level, presence or absence of late-summer flow (as determined through field investigations), and GISevaluated stream aspect (i.e. the direction of stream flow). Generally, the headwaters were found to have less shade than the downstream areas and many of the headwater reaches were identified as the highest restoration priority. Of the 60.5 km of streams assessed in the riparian shade analysis, 24.7 km were identified as potential restoration reaches based on shade levels and late-summer flow conditions. These 24.7 km were further broken into five priority ranks, with 4.1 km of stream reaches assigned to the highest shade restoration priority class. Potential errors in the GIS stream coverage were identified in conjunction with the riparian shade assessment. Where possible, these errors were corrected based on the aerial photographs. Although in many cases access was limited, a total of 18 site visits were made to verify stream locations. The results of this watershed-scale restoration priorities analysis are being used by Clackamas River Basin Council and others to guide restoration planning in the new urban area. While focusing on the high priority stream reaches identified, restoration managers will also need to consider reach-scale factors including land use plans, riparian continuity, parcel size, and landowner cooperation in the final selection of restoration sites. The GIS stream layer corrections were provided to Metro and to the City of Damascus for use in their 2007 natural resource inventory. Title: Riparian Shade Assessment and Restoration Priorities Analysis in the Damascus Urban Growth Boundary Expansion Area Author: Leferink, Robin K. Year: 2007 An important component of progressive urban planning is the protection and restoration of riparian environments, particularly in the Pacific Northwest where increasing stream temperatures threaten the survival of endangered salmonids and other cold-water biota. Restoration projects are often led by watershed councils or other grassroots organizations with limited resources, and it is essential that these groups have an efficient and effective approach to determine priority areas where their efforts can be directed to achieve the greatest ecological benefit. The purpose of this project was to quantify existing riparian shade levels and identify priority reaches for shade restoration on Clackamas River basin streams in the Damascus area expansion of the Portland, Oregon urban growth boundary. Additionally, potential errors in the Metro Regional Land Information System (RLIS) Lite geographic information system (GIS) coverage of the area’s streams were identified and corrected where possible. Riparian shade levels were quantified through interpretation of digital aerial photographs using GIS. At the start of the shade analysis six 50 m reaches in the study area were surveyed using a spherical densiometer to calibrate the aerial photo interpretation. Following the analysis, the method accuracy was assessed by comparing GIS-derived shade classes with field data from 25 sites in the study area that were surveyed in 2003. Stream reaches were identified and prioritized for restoration based on riparian shade level, presence or absence of late-summer flow (as determined through field investigations), and GISevaluated stream aspect (i.e. the direction of stream flow). Generally, the headwaters were found to have less shade than the downstream areas and many of the headwater reaches were identified as the highest restoration priority. Of the 60.5 km of streams assessed in the riparian shade analysis, 24.7 km were identified as potential restoration reaches based on shade levels and late-summer flow conditions. These 24.7 km were further broken into five priority ranks, with 4.1 km of stream reaches assigned to the highest shade restoration priority class. Potential errors in the GIS stream coverage were identified in conjunction with the riparian shade assessment. Where possible, these errors were corrected based on the aerial photographs. Although in many cases access was limited, a total of 18 site visits were made to verify stream locations. The results of this watershed-scale restoration priorities analysis are being used by Clackamas River Basin Council and others to guide restoration planning in the new urban area. While focusing on the high priority stream reaches identified, restoration managers will also need to consider reach-scale factors including land use plans, riparian continuity, parcel size, and landowner cooperation in the final selection of restoration sites. The GIS stream layer corrections were provided to Metro and to the City of Damascus for use in their 2007 natural resource inventory. Close

• 76. [Article] Metro’s Regional Land Information System: The Virtual Key to Portland’s Growth Management Success

  Though metropolitan Portland, Oregon, has perhaps the best-known growth management program in the world, one of the most important elements of that system has been conspicuously overlooked: the regional ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Metro’s Regional Land Information System: The Virtual Key to Portland’s Growth Management Success Author: Knapp, Gerrit, Bolen, Richard, Seltzer, Ethan Year: 2003 Though metropolitan Portland, Oregon, has perhaps the best-known growth management program in the world, one of the most important elements of that system has been conspicuously overlooked: the regional land information system (RLIS). Since RLIS was developed in the late 1980s, it has played a critical role in the development of every significant plan, the evaluation of every key policy, and the formulation of every major development model. RLIS created conditions that enabled a sophisticated and now muchstudied approach to metropolitan growth management to emerge. In this paper, we discuss the development, use, and maintenance of RLIS, illustrating its importance for both the practice of regional planning and the advancement of planning research. We begin with an overview of planning at Metro, since it is that context that provides RLIS with much of its local and political meaning. We then examine the relationship of RLIS to specific Metro planning activities. We conclude that RLIS in particular, and regional GIS systems in general, have become vital to the success of urban growth management. Title: Metro’s Regional Land Information System: The Virtual Key to Portland’s Growth Management Success Author: Knapp, Gerrit, Bolen, Richard, Seltzer, Ethan Year: 2003 Though metropolitan Portland, Oregon, has perhaps the best-known growth management program in the world, one of the most important elements of that system has been conspicuously overlooked: the regional land information system (RLIS). Since RLIS was developed in the late 1980s, it has played a critical role in the development of every significant plan, the evaluation of every key policy, and the formulation of every major development model. RLIS created conditions that enabled a sophisticated and now muchstudied approach to metropolitan growth management to emerge. In this paper, we discuss the development, use, and maintenance of RLIS, illustrating its importance for both the practice of regional planning and the advancement of planning research. We begin with an overview of planning at Metro, since it is that context that provides RLIS with much of its local and political meaning. We then examine the relationship of RLIS to specific Metro planning activities. We conclude that RLIS in particular, and regional GIS systems in general, have become vital to the success of urban growth management. Close

• 77. [Article] Relationships Between Environmental Governance and Water Quality in a Growing Metropolitan Area of the Pacific Northwest, USA

  We investigate relationships between environmental governance and water quality in two adjacent growing metropolitan areas in the western US. While the Portland, Oregon and Vancouver, Washington metro ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Relationships Between Environmental Governance and Water Quality in a Growing Metropolitan Area of the Pacific Northwest, USA Author: Chang, Heejun, Thiers, Paul R., Netusil, Noelwah R., Yeakley, J. Alan, Rollwagen-Bollens, Gretchen, Bollens, Steve, Singh, Sonia Year: 2014 We investigate relationships between environmental governance and water quality in two adjacent growing metropolitan areas in the western US. While the Portland, Oregon and Vancouver, Washington metro areas share many common biophysical characteristics, they have different land development histories and water governance structures, providing a unique opportunity for examining how differences in governance might affect environmental quality. We conceptualize possible linkages in which water quality influences governance directly, using monitoring efforts as a metric, and indirectly by using the change in the sale price of single-family residential properties. Governance may then influence water quality directly through riparian restoration resulting from monitoring results and indirectly through land use policy.We investigate evidence to substantiate these linkages. Our results showed that changes in monitoring regimes and land development patterns differed in response to differences in growth management policy and environmental governance systems. Our results also showed similarities in environmental quality responses to varying governance systems. For example, we found that sales prices responded positively to improved water quality (e.g., increases in DO and reductions in bacteria counts) in both cities. Furthermore, riparian restoration efforts improved over time for both cities, indicating the positive effect of governance on this land-based resource that may result in improved water quality. However, as of yet, there were no substantial differences across study areas in water temperature over time, despite an expansion of these urban areas of more than 20%over 24 years. The mechanisms by which water quality was maintained was similar in the sense that both cities benefited from riparian restoration, but different in the sense that Portland benefited indirectly from land use policy. A combination of long-term legacy effects of land development, and a relatively short history of riparian restoration in both the Portland and Vancouver regions, may have masked any subtle differences between study areas. An alternative explanation is that both cities exhibited combinations of positive indirect and direct water quality governance that resulted in maintenance of water quality in the face of increased urban growth. These findings suggest that a much longer-term water quality monitoring effort is needed to identify the effectiveness of alternative land development and water governance policies Title: Relationships Between Environmental Governance and Water Quality in a Growing Metropolitan Area of the Pacific Northwest, USA Author: Chang, Heejun, Thiers, Paul R., Netusil, Noelwah R., Yeakley, J. Alan, Rollwagen-Bollens, Gretchen, Bollens, Steve, Singh, Sonia Year: 2014 We investigate relationships between environmental governance and water quality in two adjacent growing metropolitan areas in the western US. While the Portland, Oregon and Vancouver, Washington metro areas share many common biophysical characteristics, they have different land development histories and water governance structures, providing a unique opportunity for examining how differences in governance might affect environmental quality. We conceptualize possible linkages in which water quality influences governance directly, using monitoring efforts as a metric, and indirectly by using the change in the sale price of single-family residential properties. Governance may then influence water quality directly through riparian restoration resulting from monitoring results and indirectly through land use policy.We investigate evidence to substantiate these linkages. Our results showed that changes in monitoring regimes and land development patterns differed in response to differences in growth management policy and environmental governance systems. Our results also showed similarities in environmental quality responses to varying governance systems. For example, we found that sales prices responded positively to improved water quality (e.g., increases in DO and reductions in bacteria counts) in both cities. Furthermore, riparian restoration efforts improved over time for both cities, indicating the positive effect of governance on this land-based resource that may result in improved water quality. However, as of yet, there were no substantial differences across study areas in water temperature over time, despite an expansion of these urban areas of more than 20%over 24 years. The mechanisms by which water quality was maintained was similar in the sense that both cities benefited from riparian restoration, but different in the sense that Portland benefited indirectly from land use policy. A combination of long-term legacy effects of land development, and a relatively short history of riparian restoration in both the Portland and Vancouver regions, may have masked any subtle differences between study areas. An alternative explanation is that both cities exhibited combinations of positive indirect and direct water quality governance that resulted in maintenance of water quality in the face of increased urban growth. These findings suggest that a much longer-term water quality monitoring effort is needed to identify the effectiveness of alternative land development and water governance policies Close

• 78. [Article] Riparian Vegetation Assemblages and Associated Landscape Factors Across an Urbanizing Metropolitan Area

  While diverse, native riparian vegetation provides important functions, it remains unclear to what extent these assemblages can persist in urban areas, and under what conditions. We characterized forested ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Riparian Vegetation Assemblages and Associated Landscape Factors Across an Urbanizing Metropolitan Area Author: Von Behren, Christa, Dietrich, Andrew Evans, Yeakley, J. Alan Year: 2014 While diverse, native riparian vegetation provides important functions, it remains unclear to what extent these assemblages can persist in urban areas, and under what conditions. We characterized forested riparian vegetation communities across an urbanizing metropolitan area and examined their relationships with surrounding land cover. We hypothesized that native and hydrophilic species assemblages would correlate with forest cover in the landscape. For each of 30 sites in the Portland–Vancouver metro area, we recorded vegetation at 1-cm intervals along 3 transects using the line-intercept method. Land cover was characterized at 2 scales: within 500 m of each site and across the entire watershed. Multivariate analyses were used to evaluate relationships between species composition and land cover patterns. A classification tree was created to determine landscape predictors of riparian community type. Results indicated a strong relationship between watershed land cover and vegetation diversity and structural complexity. Our hypothesis of native species association with landscape forest cover in urban riparian areas was supported, but we found no clear relationship between land cover and wetland indicator status. Our results suggest that high watershed forest cover (at least 15%) may enable the persistence of functionally diverse, native riparian vegetation communities in urban landscapes. Keywords: Pacific Northwest, plant diversity, plant ecology, riparian forest, urban ecology, urban watersheds. Title: Riparian Vegetation Assemblages and Associated Landscape Factors Across an Urbanizing Metropolitan Area Author: Von Behren, Christa, Dietrich, Andrew Evans, Yeakley, J. Alan Year: 2014 While diverse, native riparian vegetation provides important functions, it remains unclear to what extent these assemblages can persist in urban areas, and under what conditions. We characterized forested riparian vegetation communities across an urbanizing metropolitan area and examined their relationships with surrounding land cover. We hypothesized that native and hydrophilic species assemblages would correlate with forest cover in the landscape. For each of 30 sites in the Portland–Vancouver metro area, we recorded vegetation at 1-cm intervals along 3 transects using the line-intercept method. Land cover was characterized at 2 scales: within 500 m of each site and across the entire watershed. Multivariate analyses were used to evaluate relationships between species composition and land cover patterns. A classification tree was created to determine landscape predictors of riparian community type. Results indicated a strong relationship between watershed land cover and vegetation diversity and structural complexity. Our hypothesis of native species association with landscape forest cover in urban riparian areas was supported, but we found no clear relationship between land cover and wetland indicator status. Our results suggest that high watershed forest cover (at least 15%) may enable the persistence of functionally diverse, native riparian vegetation communities in urban landscapes. Keywords: Pacific Northwest, plant diversity, plant ecology, riparian forest, urban ecology, urban watersheds. Close

• 79. [Article] Periodic Atlas of the Metroscape: A Geography of Opportunity: Maps from the Regional Equity Atlas

  Atlas of poverty levels, distribution of wealth, and demographics in the Portland Metro Area.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Periodic Atlas of the Metroscape: A Geography of Opportunity: Maps from the Regional Equity Atlas Author: Radin, Kenneth, Merrick, Meg, Shandas, Vivek Year: 2008 Atlas of poverty levels, distribution of wealth, and demographics in the Portland Metro Area. Title: Periodic Atlas of the Metroscape: A Geography of Opportunity: Maps from the Regional Equity Atlas Author: Radin, Kenneth, Merrick, Meg, Shandas, Vivek Year: 2008 Atlas of poverty levels, distribution of wealth, and demographics in the Portland Metro Area. Close

• 80. [Article] Periodic Atlas of the Metroscape: Sheltering the Metroscape: Assessing the Urban Forest

  An article (with maps) which discusses the importance of having a healthy urban forest ecosystem in the Portland Metro Area.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Periodic Atlas of the Metroscape: Sheltering the Metroscape: Assessing the Urban Forest Author: Poracsky, Joseph, Lackner, Michael Year: 2004 An article (with maps) which discusses the importance of having a healthy urban forest ecosystem in the Portland Metro Area. Title: Periodic Atlas of the Metroscape: Sheltering the Metroscape: Assessing the Urban Forest Author: Poracsky, Joseph, Lackner, Michael Year: 2004 An article (with maps) which discusses the importance of having a healthy urban forest ecosystem in the Portland Metro Area. Close

• 81. [Article] The Landscape: 40 Mile Loop & Regional Trails: Park it Here

  A brief history and overview of the 40 mile loop and other regional trails in and around the Portland, Oregon area, as well as Metro's 1992 Metropolitan Greenspaces Master Plan and proposed future exte...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Landscape: 40 Mile Loop & Regional Trails: Park it Here Author: Axtell, Shannon Year: 2002 A brief history and overview of the 40 mile loop and other regional trails in and around the Portland, Oregon area, as well as Metro's 1992 Metropolitan Greenspaces Master Plan and proposed future extensions. Title: The Landscape: 40 Mile Loop & Regional Trails: Park it Here Author: Axtell, Shannon Year: 2002 A brief history and overview of the 40 mile loop and other regional trails in and around the Portland, Oregon area, as well as Metro's 1992 Metropolitan Greenspaces Master Plan and proposed future extensions. Close

• 82. [Article] Measure for Measure: Benchmarking the Region's Future

  Through its Progress Board created in 1989 and Oregon Benchmarks, Oregon has been a leader in collecting and using data to discern statewide trends in dozens of different economic, environmental, and social ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Measure for Measure: Benchmarking the Region's Future Author: Barney, Don, DeLaTorre, Alan Kenneth Year: 2003 Through its Progress Board created in 1989 and Oregon Benchmarks, Oregon has been a leader in collecting and using data to discern statewide trends in dozens of different economic, environmental, and social arenas. Oregon was among the first U.S. states to set targets for the future in each of these categories, allowing its citizens to see how much farther we have to go to achieve livability goals. These benchmarks are grouped under three major areas of a state strategic plan: quality jobs for all Oregonians; safe, caring and eng aged communities; and healthy, sustainable surroundings. Is there real value in all this data gathering? Is it useful not only to government planners, but to policy makers in both the public and private sectors? If so, will Metro's performance measurements be adequate to rate regional progress toward a better quality of life? If not, what more do we need to do? Title: Measure for Measure: Benchmarking the Region's Future Author: Barney, Don, DeLaTorre, Alan Kenneth Year: 2003 Through its Progress Board created in 1989 and Oregon Benchmarks, Oregon has been a leader in collecting and using data to discern statewide trends in dozens of different economic, environmental, and social arenas. Oregon was among the first U.S. states to set targets for the future in each of these categories, allowing its citizens to see how much farther we have to go to achieve livability goals. These benchmarks are grouped under three major areas of a state strategic plan: quality jobs for all Oregonians; safe, caring and eng aged communities; and healthy, sustainable surroundings. Is there real value in all this data gathering? Is it useful not only to government planners, but to policy makers in both the public and private sectors? If so, will Metro's performance measurements be adequate to rate regional progress toward a better quality of life? If not, what more do we need to do? Close

• 83. [Article] Godless in Eden? : the Metroscape's post-modern religious life

  An independent proprietorship focused on eclectic spiritual quests, a fading historic Protestant denomination, a thriving suburban mega church, and a home base for organized atheism—these seemingly disparate ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Godless in Eden? : the Metroscape's post-modern religious life Author: Killen, Patricia Year: 2006 An independent proprietorship focused on eclectic spiritual quests, a fading historic Protestant denomination, a thriving suburban mega church, and a home base for organized atheism—these seemingly disparate entities are both old and new on the religious landscape of the Portland metro area. They exemplify long-standing patterns in the ways people in Oregon compose individual and corporate religious journeys—fluid, unfettered individual spiritual quests that for some coalesce into communal forms that provide structure, interpersonal connections and spiritual resources. At the same time, like the growing cone on Mount St. Helens, these groups are the crust of deeper activity, three decades of global, national, and local economic, social, and cultural change that has profoundly altered the surroundings for individual and institutional religion. Viewed against this horizon, the Portland metro area’s current religious contours help to explain Oregon’s notoriety for “godlessness” and for contentious public debate over issues from physician-assisted suicide to land-use regulation. As well, they reveal postmodern religious trends that increasingly will affect public life here and elsewhere. Title: Godless in Eden? : the Metroscape's post-modern religious life Author: Killen, Patricia Year: 2006 An independent proprietorship focused on eclectic spiritual quests, a fading historic Protestant denomination, a thriving suburban mega church, and a home base for organized atheism—these seemingly disparate entities are both old and new on the religious landscape of the Portland metro area. They exemplify long-standing patterns in the ways people in Oregon compose individual and corporate religious journeys—fluid, unfettered individual spiritual quests that for some coalesce into communal forms that provide structure, interpersonal connections and spiritual resources. At the same time, like the growing cone on Mount St. Helens, these groups are the crust of deeper activity, three decades of global, national, and local economic, social, and cultural change that has profoundly altered the surroundings for individual and institutional religion. Viewed against this horizon, the Portland metro area’s current religious contours help to explain Oregon’s notoriety for “godlessness” and for contentious public debate over issues from physician-assisted suicide to land-use regulation. As well, they reveal postmodern religious trends that increasingly will affect public life here and elsewhere. Close

• 84. [Article] Exploring the Intertwine: 1,250 Miles of Parks, Trails, and Natural Areas

  A new non-profit, the Intertwine Alliance, envisions a seamless network of urban parks and trails in the Portland/Vancouver metro area — one that would enhance, stitch together, and then expand, over 1,250 ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Exploring the Intertwine: 1,250 Miles of Parks, Trails, and Natural Areas Author: DeNies, Ramona Year: 2013 A new non-profit, the Intertwine Alliance, envisions a seamless network of urban parks and trails in the Portland/Vancouver metro area — one that would enhance, stitch together, and then expand, over 1,250 miles of existing bike and pedestrian trails, and involve 32 cities, 6 counties, and 2 states. Follow Ramona DeNies on the trail. Title: Exploring the Intertwine: 1,250 Miles of Parks, Trails, and Natural Areas Author: DeNies, Ramona Year: 2013 A new non-profit, the Intertwine Alliance, envisions a seamless network of urban parks and trails in the Portland/Vancouver metro area — one that would enhance, stitch together, and then expand, over 1,250 miles of existing bike and pedestrian trails, and involve 32 cities, 6 counties, and 2 states. Follow Ramona DeNies on the trail. Close

• 85. [Article] Environment, Economy, and Equity: Can We Find a Language for Fairness in Regional Planning?

  Metropolitan Portland is often cited as a model for regional planning and growth management. In the 19905, both academics and the popular press "discovered" the Portland region, connecting our quality ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Environment, Economy, and Equity: Can We Find a Language for Fairness in Regional Planning? Author: Provo, John, Fuglister, Jill Year: 2012 Metropolitan Portland is often cited as a model for regional planning and growth management. In the 19905, both academics and the popular press "discovered" the Portland region, connecting our quality of life--vibrant urban places, natural beauty, and healthy economy--with our unique forms of regional cooperation and land use planning. Metropolitan Portland became the avatar of an emerging New Regionalism, a movement characterized not only by its spatial nature, but also by an interest in holistic solutions integrating a variety of issue areas. One central tenant of this movement is the ability of regional policies to address growing inequities and inefficiencies associated with gaps in regional governance and metropolitan authority in an eta of ever increasing inter and intra metropolitan competition. Home to Metro, the nation's only elected regional government, the Portland region is lauded for protecting the environment through preservation of farmland and open space and for promoting the economy through facilitating the development of vibrant urban centers. However, how does the region define and act on issues of social and economic equity? Title: Environment, Economy, and Equity: Can We Find a Language for Fairness in Regional Planning? Author: Provo, John, Fuglister, Jill Year: 2012 Metropolitan Portland is often cited as a model for regional planning and growth management. In the 19905, both academics and the popular press "discovered" the Portland region, connecting our quality of life--vibrant urban places, natural beauty, and healthy economy--with our unique forms of regional cooperation and land use planning. Metropolitan Portland became the avatar of an emerging New Regionalism, a movement characterized not only by its spatial nature, but also by an interest in holistic solutions integrating a variety of issue areas. One central tenant of this movement is the ability of regional policies to address growing inequities and inefficiencies associated with gaps in regional governance and metropolitan authority in an eta of ever increasing inter and intra metropolitan competition. Home to Metro, the nation's only elected regional government, the Portland region is lauded for protecting the environment through preservation of farmland and open space and for promoting the economy through facilitating the development of vibrant urban centers. However, how does the region define and act on issues of social and economic equity? Close

• 86. [Article] Who is Portland? Using Data to Understand the Portland Water Bureau Customer Base

  This study is a demographic analysis of the Portland Water Bureau customer base in the Portland metro region.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Who is Portland? Using Data to Understand the Portland Water Bureau Customer Base Author: Portland State University. Institute of Portland Metropolitan Studies Year: 2016 This study is a demographic analysis of the Portland Water Bureau customer base in the Portland metro region. Title: Who is Portland? Using Data to Understand the Portland Water Bureau Customer Base Author: Portland State University. Institute of Portland Metropolitan Studies Year: 2016 This study is a demographic analysis of the Portland Water Bureau customer base in the Portland metro region. Close

• 87. [Article] Construction and implementation of an individualized math program for sixth graders

  The sixth grade teachers at Mooberry School in Hillsboro, Oregon were not pleased with the way they were teaching math. The students, grouped by ability, had a poor self-concept about math and felt “locked ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Construction and implementation of an individualized math program for sixth graders Author: Hatch, Lynda Sylvia Year: 1975 The sixth grade teachers at Mooberry School in Hillsboro, Oregon were not pleased with the way they were teaching math. The students, grouped by ability, had a poor self-concept about math and felt “locked into” one class. During the summer of 1973, these teachers considered ways to change their math instruction. Reading was done to determine the most promising practice in math education in the United States. A successful approach to learning appeared to be individualized instruction, as is discussed in this paper. Many different individualized programs were studied, grouped into eleven general categories, and described in detail. The Mooberry sixth grade teachers adopted none of these programs, but instead developed a rotating system of math instruction. The teachers prepared for this rotating system by developing a sequence of math skills, to span the sixth graders through the year. Each teacher was responsible for individualizing instruction in two or three units of the sequence. The writer developed units in division, plotting coordinates on a grid, graphing and geometry. This rotating system of math instruction is individualized in that the students work at their own pace through the sequence of skills. The students move from concept to concept, and thus from teacher to teacher, gaining competence in as much of the cycle as they can master during the school year. The writer has described her approach to the units she covers in the cycle. The textbook has been eliminated and task cards have been developed. Student booklets, answer books, a grade book and a report card have been designed. A typical math class and steps of the cycle are described in the paper. The program has been used during the 1973-74 and 1974-75 school years. The teachers looked for evidence of success to indicate whether to continue their program in the same manner. Informal notes were kept on the work habits, skills and attitudes of the students. A formal questionnaire was given to the student by the Educational Development Center at the end of the 1973-74 school year. The students indicated, through multiple choice questions, that they felt positive towards math instruction, that they deserved and were capable of good grades in math, and that they rated math as their favorite class. A narrative questionnaire was given to the writer's homeroom at the end of the 1974-75 school year. Those students wrote positive comments about the math system and again indicated how pleased they felt about their math abilities. Metro math test scores for 1974-75, by the Metropolitan Area Program Board, give the reader a background on the type of student in the Mooberry attendance area. These students were above regional and national norms. The principal of the school, Mr. Ron Stewart, wrote his evaluation of the program, which is included in the paper. Questions have been raised about the program and have been listed for the reader. The teachers who developed the program hope, as more questions are raised and answered, that the rotating math program can change to meet the needs of the students, school and community. The sixth grade teachers at Mooberry School feel pleased that they were able to develop a rotating system of math instruction for their students. Both the informal and formal data indicate that the program is enjoyable for the students, helps students develop self-confidence in math education and helps the students gain competence in math skills and concepts. Title: Construction and implementation of an individualized math program for sixth graders Author: Hatch, Lynda Sylvia Year: 1975 The sixth grade teachers at Mooberry School in Hillsboro, Oregon were not pleased with the way they were teaching math. The students, grouped by ability, had a poor self-concept about math and felt “locked into” one class. During the summer of 1973, these teachers considered ways to change their math instruction. Reading was done to determine the most promising practice in math education in the United States. A successful approach to learning appeared to be individualized instruction, as is discussed in this paper. Many different individualized programs were studied, grouped into eleven general categories, and described in detail. The Mooberry sixth grade teachers adopted none of these programs, but instead developed a rotating system of math instruction. The teachers prepared for this rotating system by developing a sequence of math skills, to span the sixth graders through the year. Each teacher was responsible for individualizing instruction in two or three units of the sequence. The writer developed units in division, plotting coordinates on a grid, graphing and geometry. This rotating system of math instruction is individualized in that the students work at their own pace through the sequence of skills. The students move from concept to concept, and thus from teacher to teacher, gaining competence in as much of the cycle as they can master during the school year. The writer has described her approach to the units she covers in the cycle. The textbook has been eliminated and task cards have been developed. Student booklets, answer books, a grade book and a report card have been designed. A typical math class and steps of the cycle are described in the paper. The program has been used during the 1973-74 and 1974-75 school years. The teachers looked for evidence of success to indicate whether to continue their program in the same manner. Informal notes were kept on the work habits, skills and attitudes of the students. A formal questionnaire was given to the student by the Educational Development Center at the end of the 1973-74 school year. The students indicated, through multiple choice questions, that they felt positive towards math instruction, that they deserved and were capable of good grades in math, and that they rated math as their favorite class. A narrative questionnaire was given to the writer's homeroom at the end of the 1974-75 school year. Those students wrote positive comments about the math system and again indicated how pleased they felt about their math abilities. Metro math test scores for 1974-75, by the Metropolitan Area Program Board, give the reader a background on the type of student in the Mooberry attendance area. These students were above regional and national norms. The principal of the school, Mr. Ron Stewart, wrote his evaluation of the program, which is included in the paper. Questions have been raised about the program and have been listed for the reader. The teachers who developed the program hope, as more questions are raised and answered, that the rotating math program can change to meet the needs of the students, school and community. The sixth grade teachers at Mooberry School feel pleased that they were able to develop a rotating system of math instruction for their students. Both the informal and formal data indicate that the program is enjoyable for the students, helps students develop self-confidence in math education and helps the students gain competence in math skills and concepts. Close

• 88. [Article] Oregon 2100: Urban Form and Settlement Patterns

  In 1987 New York City adopted the report of its "Commission on the Year 2000." A year later Los Angeles followed the same course and approved a report prepared by its "Los Angeles 2000 Committee." In Oregon ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Oregon 2100: Urban Form and Settlement Patterns Author: Toulan, Nohad A. Year: 1991 In 1987 New York City adopted the report of its "Commission on the Year 2000." A year later Los Angeles followed the same course and approved a report prepared by its "Los Angeles 2000 Committee." In Oregon we have been equally active in the development of alternative scenarios and strategic plans for the year 2000. The Oregon Progress Board and its Benchmarks is just one example. Others include Portland's Civic Index process and Future Focus, METRO's Goals and Objectives study and LCDC's Growth Management Study. These studies and numerous others across the country reflect a the desire to enhance, or at least maintain, the quality of our social and physical environments as we move into the 21st century. The year 2000 is obviously a significant milestone. It is not only the end of one century and the beginning of another one, but it is also the transition from one millennium to another. Other than the attached symbolism, however, the year 2000 is no more significant for us today than 1990 was nine years ago. Nevertheless, symbolism is an important and very powerful tool if used properly to challenge our imagination and focus our attention on the real issues, assuming we can delineate them in the proper framework. Title: Oregon 2100: Urban Form and Settlement Patterns Author: Toulan, Nohad A. Year: 1991 In 1987 New York City adopted the report of its "Commission on the Year 2000." A year later Los Angeles followed the same course and approved a report prepared by its "Los Angeles 2000 Committee." In Oregon we have been equally active in the development of alternative scenarios and strategic plans for the year 2000. The Oregon Progress Board and its Benchmarks is just one example. Others include Portland's Civic Index process and Future Focus, METRO's Goals and Objectives study and LCDC's Growth Management Study. These studies and numerous others across the country reflect a the desire to enhance, or at least maintain, the quality of our social and physical environments as we move into the 21st century. The year 2000 is obviously a significant milestone. It is not only the end of one century and the beginning of another one, but it is also the transition from one millennium to another. Other than the attached symbolism, however, the year 2000 is no more significant for us today than 1990 was nine years ago. Nevertheless, symbolism is an important and very powerful tool if used properly to challenge our imagination and focus our attention on the real issues, assuming we can delineate them in the proper framework. Close

• 89. [Article] Resident Perceptions of Natural Resources between Cities and across Scales in the Pacific Northwest

  As the global population becomes increasingly urban, research is needed to explore how local culture, land use, and policy will influence urban natural resource management. We used a broad-scale comparative ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Resident Perceptions of Natural Resources between Cities and across Scales in the Pacific Northwest Author: Morzillo, Anita T., Kreakie, Betty J., Netusil, Noelwah R., Yeakley, J. Alan Year: 2016 As the global population becomes increasingly urban, research is needed to explore how local culture, land use, and policy will influence urban natural resource management. We used a broad-scale comparative approach and survey of residents within the Portland (Oregon)-Vancouver (Washington) metropolitan areas, USA, two states with similar geographical and ecological characteristics, but different approaches to land-use planning, to explore resident perceptions about natural resources at three scales of analysis: property level (“at or near my house”), neighborhood (“within a 20-minute walk from my house”), and metro level (“across the metro area”). At the metro-level scale, nonmetric multidimensional scaling revealed that the two cities were quite similar. However, affinity for particular landscape characteristics existed within each city with the greatest difference generally at the property-level scale. Portland respondents expressed affinity for large mature trees, tree-lined streets, public transportation, and proximity to stores and services. Vancouver respondents expressed affinity for plentiful accessible parking. We suggest three explanations that likely are not mutually exclusive. First, respondents are segmented based on preferences for particular amenities, such as convenience versus commuter needs. Second, historical land-use and tax policy legacies may influence individual decisions. Third, more environmentally attuned worldviews may influence an individual’s desire to produce environmentally friendly outcomes. Our findings highlight the importance of acknowledging variations in residents’ affinities for landscape characteristics across different scales and locations because these differences may influence future land-use policies about urban natural resources. Title: Resident Perceptions of Natural Resources between Cities and across Scales in the Pacific Northwest Author: Morzillo, Anita T., Kreakie, Betty J., Netusil, Noelwah R., Yeakley, J. Alan Year: 2016 As the global population becomes increasingly urban, research is needed to explore how local culture, land use, and policy will influence urban natural resource management. We used a broad-scale comparative approach and survey of residents within the Portland (Oregon)-Vancouver (Washington) metropolitan areas, USA, two states with similar geographical and ecological characteristics, but different approaches to land-use planning, to explore resident perceptions about natural resources at three scales of analysis: property level (“at or near my house”), neighborhood (“within a 20-minute walk from my house”), and metro level (“across the metro area”). At the metro-level scale, nonmetric multidimensional scaling revealed that the two cities were quite similar. However, affinity for particular landscape characteristics existed within each city with the greatest difference generally at the property-level scale. Portland respondents expressed affinity for large mature trees, tree-lined streets, public transportation, and proximity to stores and services. Vancouver respondents expressed affinity for plentiful accessible parking. We suggest three explanations that likely are not mutually exclusive. First, respondents are segmented based on preferences for particular amenities, such as convenience versus commuter needs. Second, historical land-use and tax policy legacies may influence individual decisions. Third, more environmentally attuned worldviews may influence an individual’s desire to produce environmentally friendly outcomes. Our findings highlight the importance of acknowledging variations in residents’ affinities for landscape characteristics across different scales and locations because these differences may influence future land-use policies about urban natural resources. Close

• 90. [Article] Explaining Unequal Transportation Outcomes in a Gentrifying City: The Example of Portland, Oregon

  This dissertation examines unequal outcomes of urban transportation policies in the neoliberal era. It focuses on inequalities in the Portland, Oregon metro area between 1994 and 2011 as measured in three ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Explaining Unequal Transportation Outcomes in a Gentrifying City: The Example of Portland, Oregon Author: Arriaga Cordero, Eugenio Year: 2017 This dissertation examines unequal outcomes of urban transportation policies in the neoliberal era. It focuses on inequalities in the Portland, Oregon metro area between 1994 and 2011 as measured in three key areas: 1) access to public transit; 2) the journey-to-work; and 3) "household-serving" trips. Growing concern over the harmful impacts from an increasing dependence on cars has led planners in the U.S. to encourage a modal shift from private car to public transit, bicycling, and walking. The required policies to make this modal shift possible, however, might inadvertently be benefiting "choice" riders at the cost of transport disadvantaged groups. Other contributing factors to this unequal benefit appear to be the suburbanization of poverty, an ongoing gentrification of central areas, and market forces that make it difficult for low income groups to afford housing in transit-rich neighborhoods. The Oregon Household Activity and Travel surveys are used to answer the three major research questions in this dissertation: what has been the effect of neoliberalism on access to public transit?, how do gender, race/ethnicity, and income inequality affect the journey-to-work in Portland?, and how do household-serving trips vary by gender in Portland? . Six hypothesis are tested in answering these questions. Those related to access to transit draw on Fred Block's theory of the capitalist state and the "urban growth machine" concept, both of which predict spatially unequal outcomes from neoliberal ideology. Hypotheses about the journey to work draw on a rich body of literature around social relations in the household and the job market, as well as residential location. The final question, about household-serving trips, draws on theories of gender socialization. Findings showed that: (i) individuals in the Portland metro area had less access overall to bus public transit in 2011 than in 1994; (ii) impoverished dependent riders have lost access to transit service over time, whereas choice dependent riders increased their access to public transit; (iii) low income groups have been "forced" into greater car-ownership, in part due to the lower access to public transit; (iv) women in Portland have shorter journey-to-work trips than men; (v) Blacks have longer journey-to-work trips than Whites and Latinos; (vi) low-income individuals have shorter journey-to-work trips than higher income individuals; and (vii) women with children make more household-serving trips than men in similar family structures. Title: Explaining Unequal Transportation Outcomes in a Gentrifying City: The Example of Portland, Oregon Author: Arriaga Cordero, Eugenio Year: 2017 This dissertation examines unequal outcomes of urban transportation policies in the neoliberal era. It focuses on inequalities in the Portland, Oregon metro area between 1994 and 2011 as measured in three key areas: 1) access to public transit; 2) the journey-to-work; and 3) "household-serving" trips. Growing concern over the harmful impacts from an increasing dependence on cars has led planners in the U.S. to encourage a modal shift from private car to public transit, bicycling, and walking. The required policies to make this modal shift possible, however, might inadvertently be benefiting "choice" riders at the cost of transport disadvantaged groups. Other contributing factors to this unequal benefit appear to be the suburbanization of poverty, an ongoing gentrification of central areas, and market forces that make it difficult for low income groups to afford housing in transit-rich neighborhoods. The Oregon Household Activity and Travel surveys are used to answer the three major research questions in this dissertation: what has been the effect of neoliberalism on access to public transit?, how do gender, race/ethnicity, and income inequality affect the journey-to-work in Portland?, and how do household-serving trips vary by gender in Portland? . Six hypothesis are tested in answering these questions. Those related to access to transit draw on Fred Block's theory of the capitalist state and the "urban growth machine" concept, both of which predict spatially unequal outcomes from neoliberal ideology. Hypotheses about the journey to work draw on a rich body of literature around social relations in the household and the job market, as well as residential location. The final question, about household-serving trips, draws on theories of gender socialization. Findings showed that: (i) individuals in the Portland metro area had less access overall to bus public transit in 2011 than in 1994; (ii) impoverished dependent riders have lost access to transit service over time, whereas choice dependent riders increased their access to public transit; (iii) low income groups have been "forced" into greater car-ownership, in part due to the lower access to public transit; (iv) women in Portland have shorter journey-to-work trips than men; (v) Blacks have longer journey-to-work trips than Whites and Latinos; (vi) low-income individuals have shorter journey-to-work trips than higher income individuals; and (vii) women with children make more household-serving trips than men in similar family structures. Close

• 91. [Article] Indicators of the Metroscape: Average Wage per Job

  A chart offering Portland MSA average wage as a percentage of the US metro average wage, 2001-2015.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Indicators of the Metroscape: Average Wage per Job Author: Institute of Portland Metropolitan Studies Year: 2017 A chart offering Portland MSA average wage as a percentage of the US metro average wage, 2001-2015. Title: Indicators of the Metroscape: Average Wage per Job Author: Institute of Portland Metropolitan Studies Year: 2017 A chart offering Portland MSA average wage as a percentage of the US metro average wage, 2001-2015. Close

• 92. [Article] Motivations of Yoga Teachers and the Impact of Training and Teaching

  Objective: Most research on yoga focuses on efficacy with physical and mental health conditions. Little attention is given to yoga teachers. This project focused on motivations to engage in yoga teacher ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Motivations of Yoga Teachers and the Impact of Training and Teaching Author: Marino, Casadi "Khaki" Year: 2015 Objective: Most research on yoga focuses on efficacy with physical and mental health conditions. Little attention is given to yoga teachers. This project focused on motivations to engage in yoga teacher training and the personal impact of training and teaching. Methods: 10 yoga teachers practicing in a metro area were engaged in individual interviews. They were asked what led them to yoga teaching, plans regarding teaching, barriers faced to engaging in training, the challenges of training and teaching, and self-care. Interviews were transcribed and subjected to thematic analysis. Results: Participants reported realizing significant benefits from yoga practice and desire to share the benefits of yoga with others. They discussed the complexity of teaching in terms of the needs of students and the vast amount to know about yoga. Participants noted financial barriers to training and difficulties making a living as a yoga teacher. Maintaining a personal practice was held to be essential in terms of grounding to the philosophy of yoga and incorporating yoga as a part of one’s life. Both practicing and teaching yoga led to personal growth and the sense of community and spiritual connection. Conclusion: Teaching yoga had a significant impact on the individual and was regarded as part of leading a spiritual life. Yoga teachers appeared to have unmet needs in terms of ongoing training and professional support. Significance: As health and wellness efforts continue to utilize yoga interventions, more will need to be known regarding how to best support yoga teachers. Title: Motivations of Yoga Teachers and the Impact of Training and Teaching Author: Marino, Casadi "Khaki" Year: 2015 Objective: Most research on yoga focuses on efficacy with physical and mental health conditions. Little attention is given to yoga teachers. This project focused on motivations to engage in yoga teacher training and the personal impact of training and teaching. Methods: 10 yoga teachers practicing in a metro area were engaged in individual interviews. They were asked what led them to yoga teaching, plans regarding teaching, barriers faced to engaging in training, the challenges of training and teaching, and self-care. Interviews were transcribed and subjected to thematic analysis. Results: Participants reported realizing significant benefits from yoga practice and desire to share the benefits of yoga with others. They discussed the complexity of teaching in terms of the needs of students and the vast amount to know about yoga. Participants noted financial barriers to training and difficulties making a living as a yoga teacher. Maintaining a personal practice was held to be essential in terms of grounding to the philosophy of yoga and incorporating yoga as a part of one’s life. Both practicing and teaching yoga led to personal growth and the sense of community and spiritual connection. Conclusion: Teaching yoga had a significant impact on the individual and was regarded as part of leading a spiritual life. Yoga teachers appeared to have unmet needs in terms of ongoing training and professional support. Significance: As health and wellness efforts continue to utilize yoga interventions, more will need to be known regarding how to best support yoga teachers. Close

• 93. [Article] Economic Analysis of Biomass Conversion plant for Portland Metro Area

  The purpose of this study is to develop an economic model for assessing the feasibility of a biomass conversion plant in Portland metro area. Conversion of biomass to valuable fuel products such as bio-oil ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Economic Analysis of Biomass Conversion plant for Portland Metro Area Author: Honnappa, Lokesh, Neethirajan, Aarthi, Murthy, Mamatha, Maheshwari, Priti, Ucar, Duygu Year: 2011 The purpose of this study is to develop an economic model for assessing the feasibility of a biomass conversion plant in Portland metro area. Conversion of biomass to valuable fuel products such as bio-oil (also known as pyrolysis oil) and bio-char via fast pyrolysis is a promising means for producing renewable energy fuels. The process assessed in this study involves using advanced and reliable technology to thermally degrade biomass in the absence of oxygen to produce bio-oil, bio-char and syngas. The syngas produced can be used entirely to provide thermal process energy for the pyrolysis system [3]. Title: Economic Analysis of Biomass Conversion plant for Portland Metro Area Author: Honnappa, Lokesh, Neethirajan, Aarthi, Murthy, Mamatha, Maheshwari, Priti, Ucar, Duygu Year: 2011 The purpose of this study is to develop an economic model for assessing the feasibility of a biomass conversion plant in Portland metro area. Conversion of biomass to valuable fuel products such as bio-oil (also known as pyrolysis oil) and bio-char via fast pyrolysis is a promising means for producing renewable energy fuels. The process assessed in this study involves using advanced and reliable technology to thermally degrade biomass in the absence of oxygen to produce bio-oil, bio-char and syngas. The syngas produced can be used entirely to provide thermal process energy for the pyrolysis system [3]. Close

• 94. [Article] “Neither of the Boxes”: Accounting for Non-Binary Gender Identities

  This research examines the ways in which individuals who identify with nonbinary gender identities 1) understand and perform their gender identities and 2) navigate the workplace, intimate partner relationships, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: “Neither of the Boxes”: Accounting for Non-Binary Gender Identities Author: Savoia, Erin Patricia Year: 2017 This research examines the ways in which individuals who identify with nonbinary gender identities 1) understand and perform their gender identities and 2) navigate the workplace, intimate partner relationships, friendships, and the LGBTQ+ community. Prevailing understandings of gender rely on a gender binary; identification with a binary gender is compulsory. Individuals are assigned a gender at birth and are expected to identify fully with that gender for their entire lives. However, despite significant social pressures to identify as man or woman, there exist individuals whose identities bring into question the stability of the gender binary. Non-binary is sometimes used to describe individuals who do not identify solely or fully as man or woman. Fifteen interviews were conducted with individuals living in the Portland Metro Area who included non-binary as part or all of their gender identity. Questions included general descriptive information, questions about participants’ conceptions of masculinity and femininity, and questions regarding their experiences as a non-binary person in the context of the workplace, intimate partner relationships, friendships, and the LGBTQ+ (Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer, plus) community. It was found that non-binary individuals are largely held accountable to a normative performance of gender by friends, intimate partners, employers, and coworkers. While non-binary individuals are constrained by the gender structure at the individual, interactional, and institutional levels, they also appear to push back against these constraints in small but meaningful ways. Results from this study provide insight into a group of people which has been largely left out of the literature. Title: “Neither of the Boxes”: Accounting for Non-Binary Gender Identities Author: Savoia, Erin Patricia Year: 2017 This research examines the ways in which individuals who identify with nonbinary gender identities 1) understand and perform their gender identities and 2) navigate the workplace, intimate partner relationships, friendships, and the LGBTQ+ community. Prevailing understandings of gender rely on a gender binary; identification with a binary gender is compulsory. Individuals are assigned a gender at birth and are expected to identify fully with that gender for their entire lives. However, despite significant social pressures to identify as man or woman, there exist individuals whose identities bring into question the stability of the gender binary. Non-binary is sometimes used to describe individuals who do not identify solely or fully as man or woman. Fifteen interviews were conducted with individuals living in the Portland Metro Area who included non-binary as part or all of their gender identity. Questions included general descriptive information, questions about participants’ conceptions of masculinity and femininity, and questions regarding their experiences as a non-binary person in the context of the workplace, intimate partner relationships, friendships, and the LGBTQ+ (Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer, plus) community. It was found that non-binary individuals are largely held accountable to a normative performance of gender by friends, intimate partners, employers, and coworkers. While non-binary individuals are constrained by the gender structure at the individual, interactional, and institutional levels, they also appear to push back against these constraints in small but meaningful ways. Results from this study provide insight into a group of people which has been largely left out of the literature. Close

• 95. [Article] Use of Distance Weighted Metrics to Investigate Landscape-Stream Temperature Relationships Across Different Temporal Scales

  Stream ecosystems have experienced significant negative impacts from land use, resource exploitation, and urban development. Statistical models allow researchers to explore the relationships between these ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Use of Distance Weighted Metrics to Investigate Landscape-Stream Temperature Relationships Across Different Temporal Scales Author: Watson, Eric Craig Year: 2016 Stream ecosystems have experienced significant negative impacts from land use, resource exploitation, and urban development. Statistical models allow researchers to explore the relationships between these landscape variables and stream conditions. Weighting the relevant landscape variables based on hydrologically defined distances offers a potential method of increasing the predictive capacity of statistical models. Using observations from three grouped watersheds in the Portland Metro Area (n=66), I have explored the use of three different weighting schemes against the standard method of taking an areal average. These four different model groups were applied to four stream temperature metrics: mean seven-day moving average maximum daily temperature (Mean7dTmax), number of days exceeding 17.8 °C (Tmax7d>17.8), mean daily range in stream temperature (Range_DTR), and the coefficient of variation in maximum daily temperature (CV_Tmax). These metrics were quantified for the 2011 dry season. The strength of these model groups were also examined at a monthly basis for each of the four months within the dry season. The results demonstrate mixed effectiveness of the weighting schemes, dependent on both the stream temperature metric being predicted as well as the time scale under investigation. Models for Mean7dTmax showed no benefit from the inclusion of distance weighted metrics, while models for Range_DTR consistently improved using distance weighted explanatory variables. Trends in the models for 7dTmax>17.8 and CV_Tmax varied based on temporal scale. Additionally, all model groups demonstrated greater explanatory power in early summer months than in late summer months. Title: Use of Distance Weighted Metrics to Investigate Landscape-Stream Temperature Relationships Across Different Temporal Scales Author: Watson, Eric Craig Year: 2016 Stream ecosystems have experienced significant negative impacts from land use, resource exploitation, and urban development. Statistical models allow researchers to explore the relationships between these landscape variables and stream conditions. Weighting the relevant landscape variables based on hydrologically defined distances offers a potential method of increasing the predictive capacity of statistical models. Using observations from three grouped watersheds in the Portland Metro Area (n=66), I have explored the use of three different weighting schemes against the standard method of taking an areal average. These four different model groups were applied to four stream temperature metrics: mean seven-day moving average maximum daily temperature (Mean7dTmax), number of days exceeding 17.8 °C (Tmax7d>17.8), mean daily range in stream temperature (Range_DTR), and the coefficient of variation in maximum daily temperature (CV_Tmax). These metrics were quantified for the 2011 dry season. The strength of these model groups were also examined at a monthly basis for each of the four months within the dry season. The results demonstrate mixed effectiveness of the weighting schemes, dependent on both the stream temperature metric being predicted as well as the time scale under investigation. Models for Mean7dTmax showed no benefit from the inclusion of distance weighted metrics, while models for Range_DTR consistently improved using distance weighted explanatory variables. Trends in the models for 7dTmax>17.8 and CV_Tmax varied based on temporal scale. Additionally, all model groups demonstrated greater explanatory power in early summer months than in late summer months. Close

• 96. [Article] History, Current Conditions, and Wetland Restoration at Killin Wetlands Natural Area, Washington County, Oregon

  In September 2014, the Metro Natural Area Program engaged The Wetland Conservancy to develop a scientific assessment of Metro’s 590-acre Killin Wetlands Natural Area. Metro acquired the lands comprising ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: History, Current Conditions, and Wetland Restoration at Killin Wetlands Natural Area, Washington County, Oregon Author: Christy, John A. Year: 2015 In September 2014, the Metro Natural Area Program engaged The Wetland Conservancy to develop a scientific assessment of Metro’s 590-acre Killin Wetlands Natural Area. Metro acquired the lands comprising the KWNA between 2000 and 2012 with funds from two voterapproved open space bond measures. Since 2000, Metro has sought to advance natural area restoration at the site, focusing on the suppression of non-native pasture weeds and planting of native trees and shrubs in higher parts of the floodplain and its edges. Most uplands in Metro ownership have been maintained in agriculture through leased partnerships with local farmers. Metro and its partners have observed the effects of persistent flooding at the site, which began prior to Metro’s acquisition of the property. Most notable has been the decline of the once abundant Geyer willow stand, a prominent and valued feature of the site. In February 2014, Metro convened several key scientists familiar with the wetland, and its underlying Labish soil, to discuss what was known about the Killin Wetlands and possible next steps in advancing restoration there. That discussion focused on the subsidence of organic soils, caused by artificial drainage, and led to the recommendation that a review of regional peat soil wetlands would be an important step in developing an informed plan for preserving and restoring Killin Wetlands. This report presents that review. Title: History, Current Conditions, and Wetland Restoration at Killin Wetlands Natural Area, Washington County, Oregon Author: Christy, John A. Year: 2015 In September 2014, the Metro Natural Area Program engaged The Wetland Conservancy to develop a scientific assessment of Metro’s 590-acre Killin Wetlands Natural Area. Metro acquired the lands comprising the KWNA between 2000 and 2012 with funds from two voterapproved open space bond measures. Since 2000, Metro has sought to advance natural area restoration at the site, focusing on the suppression of non-native pasture weeds and planting of native trees and shrubs in higher parts of the floodplain and its edges. Most uplands in Metro ownership have been maintained in agriculture through leased partnerships with local farmers. Metro and its partners have observed the effects of persistent flooding at the site, which began prior to Metro’s acquisition of the property. Most notable has been the decline of the once abundant Geyer willow stand, a prominent and valued feature of the site. In February 2014, Metro convened several key scientists familiar with the wetland, and its underlying Labish soil, to discuss what was known about the Killin Wetlands and possible next steps in advancing restoration there. That discussion focused on the subsidence of organic soils, caused by artificial drainage, and led to the recommendation that a review of regional peat soil wetlands would be an important step in developing an informed plan for preserving and restoring Killin Wetlands. This report presents that review. Close

• 97. [Article] Final Report: Hybrid Car Selection

  TriMet is the public transportation agency operating in the Portland metro area of the state of Oregon. Since the agency provides a wide range of mass transportation to the public, accuracy and safety ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Final Report: Hybrid Car Selection Author: Surrah, Ahmed Ba, Choi, Byung Chul, Phan, Kenny, Chuengparsitporn, Phakphoom, Gu, Qian, Griffis, Sarah, Munkongsujarit, Songphon Year: 2008 TriMet is the public transportation agency operating in the Portland metro area of the state of Oregon. Since the agency provides a wide range of mass transportation to the public, accuracy and safety of managing the whole system is an essential job for TriMet Road Supervisors. In order to perform this task, the Road Supervisors use trucks or sport utility vehicles to carry TriMet officers and equipment from one location to another as needed. Because the current vehicles are at the end of their useful life, TriMet has a decision to make in order to replace the cars for Road Supervisors. Chevrolet Equinox 2009, which is standard SUV and Ford Escape 2009, which is a hybrid car, are the two models of cars that are considered as candidates. The purpose of this study is to provide a recommendation to help TriMet make a decision between these two options. For this study, first we considered and examined both economic factors such as initial cost, fuel cost and operation and maintenance costs, and non-economic factors such as customer‘s satisfaction and environmental issues. Then, all the data are utilized to justify the recommendation based on engineering economy approaches. The results show that that there is not much difference between the hybrid and stand vehicles in terms of the economic and non-economic evaluation. Nevertheless, the evaluation provides a different perspective for decision makers and could be use as an aid in the decision making process. Title: Final Report: Hybrid Car Selection Author: Surrah, Ahmed Ba, Choi, Byung Chul, Phan, Kenny, Chuengparsitporn, Phakphoom, Gu, Qian, Griffis, Sarah, Munkongsujarit, Songphon Year: 2008 TriMet is the public transportation agency operating in the Portland metro area of the state of Oregon. Since the agency provides a wide range of mass transportation to the public, accuracy and safety of managing the whole system is an essential job for TriMet Road Supervisors. In order to perform this task, the Road Supervisors use trucks or sport utility vehicles to carry TriMet officers and equipment from one location to another as needed. Because the current vehicles are at the end of their useful life, TriMet has a decision to make in order to replace the cars for Road Supervisors. Chevrolet Equinox 2009, which is standard SUV and Ford Escape 2009, which is a hybrid car, are the two models of cars that are considered as candidates. The purpose of this study is to provide a recommendation to help TriMet make a decision between these two options. For this study, first we considered and examined both economic factors such as initial cost, fuel cost and operation and maintenance costs, and non-economic factors such as customer‘s satisfaction and environmental issues. Then, all the data are utilized to justify the recommendation based on engineering economy approaches. The results show that that there is not much difference between the hybrid and stand vehicles in terms of the economic and non-economic evaluation. Nevertheless, the evaluation provides a different perspective for decision makers and could be use as an aid in the decision making process. Close

• 98. [Article] Historical and Existing Vascular and Bryophyte Flora, Former Blue Heron Paper Mill, Willamette Falls, Oregon City, Oregon

  Willamette Falls has long been a focus of botanical interest, but industrial development at the site has limited public access for over a century. The closure of the Blue Heron paper mill on the south ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Historical and Existing Vascular and Bryophyte Flora, Former Blue Heron Paper Mill, Willamette Falls, Oregon City, Oregon Author: Christy, John A., Gaddis, Philip Year: 2015 Willamette Falls has long been a focus of botanical interest, but industrial development at the site has limited public access for over a century. The closure of the Blue Heron paper mill on the south bank of the river, and proposed redevelopment of the site, has given planners an opportunity to revisit this part of the falls and identify its current flora. As part of the preconstruction planning process for public access to the falls, Metro contracted John Christy to document the historical and existing vascular flora on the site, and Philip Gaddis joined us to document the bryophyte flora. For millennia, the falls has been a magnet for fishing, settlement, and more recent industrial development. Photographs by Carleton Watkins show that the south bank of the river at Willamette Falls had been modified for industrial uses as early as 1867. Infrastructure included dams and spillways to create a boat basin, and millraces to power a sawmill, gristmill, and woolen mill. Later, paper mills and electrical generating stations were built on both sides of the falls. These activities concentrated at the falls have impacted all native habitat except vertical cliff faces on basalt outcrops along the river. Significant portions of the shoreline at the Blue Heron site have been modified by fill. Remaining habitat in natural or semi-natural condition includes areas hydrated by tidal action of the Willamette River, areas of seasonal or perennial seepage below spillways and the old grinders, and basalt outcrops with varying exposures. The basalt outcrops are a relic of the Bretz or Missoula Floods (Allen et al. 1986), and exposures along this part of the Willamette River provide outlier habitat for both mesic and xeric species more common in the Columbia River Gorge (Detling 1958). Willamette Falls has a similar history to that of Niagara Falls in terms of industrial development, presence of a rock substrate supporting disjunct populations of rare plants, and botanical exploration that occurred primarily between 1885 and 1915 (Eckel 2013). Title: Historical and Existing Vascular and Bryophyte Flora, Former Blue Heron Paper Mill, Willamette Falls, Oregon City, Oregon Author: Christy, John A., Gaddis, Philip Year: 2015 Willamette Falls has long been a focus of botanical interest, but industrial development at the site has limited public access for over a century. The closure of the Blue Heron paper mill on the south bank of the river, and proposed redevelopment of the site, has given planners an opportunity to revisit this part of the falls and identify its current flora. As part of the preconstruction planning process for public access to the falls, Metro contracted John Christy to document the historical and existing vascular flora on the site, and Philip Gaddis joined us to document the bryophyte flora. For millennia, the falls has been a magnet for fishing, settlement, and more recent industrial development. Photographs by Carleton Watkins show that the south bank of the river at Willamette Falls had been modified for industrial uses as early as 1867. Infrastructure included dams and spillways to create a boat basin, and millraces to power a sawmill, gristmill, and woolen mill. Later, paper mills and electrical generating stations were built on both sides of the falls. These activities concentrated at the falls have impacted all native habitat except vertical cliff faces on basalt outcrops along the river. Significant portions of the shoreline at the Blue Heron site have been modified by fill. Remaining habitat in natural or semi-natural condition includes areas hydrated by tidal action of the Willamette River, areas of seasonal or perennial seepage below spillways and the old grinders, and basalt outcrops with varying exposures. The basalt outcrops are a relic of the Bretz or Missoula Floods (Allen et al. 1986), and exposures along this part of the Willamette River provide outlier habitat for both mesic and xeric species more common in the Columbia River Gorge (Detling 1958). Willamette Falls has a similar history to that of Niagara Falls in terms of industrial development, presence of a rock substrate supporting disjunct populations of rare plants, and botanical exploration that occurred primarily between 1885 and 1915 (Eckel 2013). Close

• 99. [Article] Analysis and Evaluation of Criteria Impacting HER Adoption With AHP Model

  Information systems have been making a noticeable entrance in the healthcare, although their adoption has been slow. This paper examines the factors influencing the electronic healthcare records (EHR) ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Analysis and Evaluation of Criteria Impacting HER Adoption With AHP Model Author: Hogaboam, Liliya, Ju, Jiali, Ucar, Duygu, Mudavadi, Caroline Year: 2011 Information systems have been making a noticeable entrance in the healthcare, although their adoption has been slow. This paper examines the factors influencing the electronic healthcare records (EHR) adoption by modeling behavioral intention of physicians towards EHR adoption. Three main criteria: perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use and external factors along with the subcriteria, are studied by the authors. Analytical hierarchical process (AHP) model is tested through the expert judgment questionnaire of physicians in Portland metro area. PCM software and Excel were used analyze the results of the pairwise comparisons done by the experts. The results showed high importance of the Perceived Ease of Use criteria on the behavioral intensions of physicians towards EHR adoption. Search ability and user interface – subcriteria of Perceived Ease of Use had some of the highest values. Another important subcriterion in the analysis under External Factors Criteria was Cost. None of the criteria evaluated could be considered unimportant, i.e. having really low values after the analysis. All of the respondents think that EHR should be mandatory in terms of reducing of time spent and errors, improving the outcomes and productivity and in terms of optimum patient treatment. Title: Analysis and Evaluation of Criteria Impacting HER Adoption With AHP Model Author: Hogaboam, Liliya, Ju, Jiali, Ucar, Duygu, Mudavadi, Caroline Year: 2011 Information systems have been making a noticeable entrance in the healthcare, although their adoption has been slow. This paper examines the factors influencing the electronic healthcare records (EHR) adoption by modeling behavioral intention of physicians towards EHR adoption. Three main criteria: perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use and external factors along with the subcriteria, are studied by the authors. Analytical hierarchical process (AHP) model is tested through the expert judgment questionnaire of physicians in Portland metro area. PCM software and Excel were used analyze the results of the pairwise comparisons done by the experts. The results showed high importance of the Perceived Ease of Use criteria on the behavioral intensions of physicians towards EHR adoption. Search ability and user interface – subcriteria of Perceived Ease of Use had some of the highest values. Another important subcriterion in the analysis under External Factors Criteria was Cost. None of the criteria evaluated could be considered unimportant, i.e. having really low values after the analysis. All of the respondents think that EHR should be mandatory in terms of reducing of time spent and errors, improving the outcomes and productivity and in terms of optimum patient treatment. Close

• 100. [Article] Implementing the Green Dot Bystander Intervention Program to Promote Respectful Workplaces in the Construction Trades in Oregon: Preliminary Report on Wave One

  Oregon, like all states across the U.S., has faced challenges in recruiting and retaining a diverse construction workforce. In 2011, the Oregon Bureau of Labor and Industries and the Oregon Department ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Implementing the Green Dot Bystander Intervention Program to Promote Respectful Workplaces in the Construction Trades in Oregon: Preliminary Report on Wave One Author: Kelly, Maura, Wilkinson, Lindsey Year: 2017 Oregon, like all states across the U.S., has faced challenges in recruiting and retaining a diverse construction workforce. In 2011, the Oregon Bureau of Labor and Industries and the Oregon Department of Transportation partnered to fund the BOLI/ODOT Highway Construction Workforce Development Program, which is intended to improve the stability and diversity of the highway construction workforce by promoting recruitment and retention of apprentices (see Wilkinson and Kelly 2015). The program has provided funding for 1) Pre-apprenticeship programs (to improve recruitment and retention of apprentices); Supportive services (to improve retention of apprentices); and 3) Respectful workplaces (to improve retention of apprentices). The first phase of the Respectful Workplaces project began in 2015, led by Oregon Tradeswomen Inc, in partnership with Constructing Hope, Green Dot Etc, Portland State University, and funded by the Oregon Bureau of Labor and Industries and Oregon Department of Transportation, as part of the BOLI/ODOT Highway Construction Workforce Development Program. The first phase of the project involved conducting ten focus groups with industry stakeholders to evaluate the potential for adapting the Green Dot Bystander Intervention Program for the construction trades in Oregon (see Kelly and Bassett 2015) After the first phase of the project was completed, additional funding was secured from the BOLI/ODOT Highway Construction Workforce Development Program to pilot the Green Dot project on a job site in Oregon. Between 2015 and 2017, project collaborators worked to prepare for the pilot. Green Dot Etc adapted their bystander intervention program for the construction trades. Oregon Tradeswomen staff identified a contractor willing to participate and an appropriate pilot job site in the Portland, OR metro area. Contractor staff were trained to implement the program on the job site. Implementation began in October 2017. The second phase of the project is evaluation of the program. To evaluate the implementation, Portland State University researchers will conduct three waves of surveys (prior to implementation, six months after implementation, and one year after implementation) to assess changes in attitudes and behaviors related to workplace aggression. The wave one survey was administered on the pilot job site in the Portland, OR metro area in September 2017. The findings from this survey are reported here. Title: Implementing the Green Dot Bystander Intervention Program to Promote Respectful Workplaces in the Construction Trades in Oregon: Preliminary Report on Wave One Author: Kelly, Maura, Wilkinson, Lindsey Year: 2017 Oregon, like all states across the U.S., has faced challenges in recruiting and retaining a diverse construction workforce. In 2011, the Oregon Bureau of Labor and Industries and the Oregon Department of Transportation partnered to fund the BOLI/ODOT Highway Construction Workforce Development Program, which is intended to improve the stability and diversity of the highway construction workforce by promoting recruitment and retention of apprentices (see Wilkinson and Kelly 2015). The program has provided funding for 1) Pre-apprenticeship programs (to improve recruitment and retention of apprentices); Supportive services (to improve retention of apprentices); and 3) Respectful workplaces (to improve retention of apprentices). The first phase of the Respectful Workplaces project began in 2015, led by Oregon Tradeswomen Inc, in partnership with Constructing Hope, Green Dot Etc, Portland State University, and funded by the Oregon Bureau of Labor and Industries and Oregon Department of Transportation, as part of the BOLI/ODOT Highway Construction Workforce Development Program. The first phase of the project involved conducting ten focus groups with industry stakeholders to evaluate the potential for adapting the Green Dot Bystander Intervention Program for the construction trades in Oregon (see Kelly and Bassett 2015) After the first phase of the project was completed, additional funding was secured from the BOLI/ODOT Highway Construction Workforce Development Program to pilot the Green Dot project on a job site in Oregon. Between 2015 and 2017, project collaborators worked to prepare for the pilot. Green Dot Etc adapted their bystander intervention program for the construction trades. Oregon Tradeswomen staff identified a contractor willing to participate and an appropriate pilot job site in the Portland, OR metro area. Contractor staff were trained to implement the program on the job site. Implementation began in October 2017. The second phase of the project is evaluation of the program. To evaluate the implementation, Portland State University researchers will conduct three waves of surveys (prior to implementation, six months after implementation, and one year after implementation) to assess changes in attitudes and behaviors related to workplace aggression. The wave one survey was administered on the pilot job site in the Portland, OR metro area in September 2017. The findings from this survey are reported here. Close