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• 971. [Article] Virola dominicana sp. nov., (Myristicaceae) from Dominican amber

  This is an author's manuscript version. The published article is copyrighted by NRC Research Press and can be found at: http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/full/10.1139/cjb-2013-0019.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Virola dominicana sp. nov., (Myristicaceae) from Dominican amber Author: Poinar, George, Jr., Steeves, Royce This is an author's manuscript version. The published article is copyrighted by NRC Research Press and can be found at: http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/full/10.1139/cjb-2013-0019. Title: Virola dominicana sp. nov., (Myristicaceae) from Dominican amber Author: Poinar, George, Jr., Steeves, Royce This is an author's manuscript version. The published article is copyrighted by NRC Research Press and can be found at: http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/full/10.1139/cjb-2013-0019. Close

• 972. [Article] Fungi colonizing redwood in cooling towers: Identities and effects on wood properties

  Heartwood from coastal redwood [Sequoia sempervirens (D. Don.) Endl.] is very durable and is often used untreated in harsh environments, such as cooling towers of power or chemical processing plants. Wood ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Fungi colonizing redwood in cooling towers: Identities and effects on wood properties Author: Morrell, Jeffrey J., Smith, Susan M. Heartwood from coastal redwood [Sequoia sempervirens (D. Don.) Endl.] is very durable and is often used untreated in harsh environments, such as cooling towers of power or chemical processing plants. Wood in this environment is often attacked by soft rot fungi. Some wood users attempt to bolster protection by including additives, such as chromium, in the water. Examination of sections cut from a redwood cooling tower revealed that most pieces were colonized by a variety of Fungi Imperfecti, in spite of surface chromium levels that averaged 0.26 lb/ft3. Eleven species were isolated from the material; soft rot tests of these fungi indicated that all of the isolates were capable of causing Type 2 soft rot attack (cell-wall erosion). These fungi caused little or no weight loss on redwood specimens, but did damage less durable ponderosa pine sapwood. The results suggest that the redwood cooling tower was colonized by a variety of fungi; however, the combination of redwood extractives and a shallow chromium barrier appears to protect against soft rot attack. Title: Fungi colonizing redwood in cooling towers: Identities and effects on wood properties Author: Morrell, Jeffrey J., Smith, Susan M. Heartwood from coastal redwood [Sequoia sempervirens (D. Don.) Endl.] is very durable and is often used untreated in harsh environments, such as cooling towers of power or chemical processing plants. Wood in this environment is often attacked by soft rot fungi. Some wood users attempt to bolster protection by including additives, such as chromium, in the water. Examination of sections cut from a redwood cooling tower revealed that most pieces were colonized by a variety of Fungi Imperfecti, in spite of surface chromium levels that averaged 0.26 lb/ft3. Eleven species were isolated from the material; soft rot tests of these fungi indicated that all of the isolates were capable of causing Type 2 soft rot attack (cell-wall erosion). These fungi caused little or no weight loss on redwood specimens, but did damage less durable ponderosa pine sapwood. The results suggest that the redwood cooling tower was colonized by a variety of fungi; however, the combination of redwood extractives and a shallow chromium barrier appears to protect against soft rot attack. Close

• 973. [Article] Tag Location and Retention in Black Rockfish: Feasibility of Using PIT Tags in a Wild Marine Species

  Tag and recovery programs can provide valuable information on population size and exploitation rates in fishes. Passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags are ideal for use in such programs because they ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Tag Location and Retention in Black Rockfish: Feasibility of Using PIT Tags in a Wild Marine Species Author: Rankin, Polly S., Parker, Steven J. Tag and recovery programs can provide valuable information on population size and exploitation rates in fishes. Passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags are ideal for use in such programs because they provide identification of individual fish and are invisible to anglers, circumventing problems with nonreporting of tags. Our objective was to determine whether PIT tags could be used successfully to tag black rockfish Sebastes melanops. We tested tag placement and tag retention using intramuscularly injected PIT tags (12 x 2.1 mm) in 227 black rockfish (25-47 cm); three tag placement sites located outside of the area normally filleted were evaluated. Tag retention for all tag sites was 100% after 49 weeks; however, two fish retained inoperative tags, which possibly sustained damage during the tagging procedure. The results indicated that the best tagging site is ventral and anterior to the origin of the pectoral fin. At this site, tag retention is excellent, risk of infection is low, tag movement is minimal, and little or no tissue damage results from the tagging procedure. Title: Tag Location and Retention in Black Rockfish: Feasibility of Using PIT Tags in a Wild Marine Species Author: Rankin, Polly S., Parker, Steven J. Tag and recovery programs can provide valuable information on population size and exploitation rates in fishes. Passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags are ideal for use in such programs because they provide identification of individual fish and are invisible to anglers, circumventing problems with nonreporting of tags. Our objective was to determine whether PIT tags could be used successfully to tag black rockfish Sebastes melanops. We tested tag placement and tag retention using intramuscularly injected PIT tags (12 x 2.1 mm) in 227 black rockfish (25-47 cm); three tag placement sites located outside of the area normally filleted were evaluated. Tag retention for all tag sites was 100% after 49 weeks; however, two fish retained inoperative tags, which possibly sustained damage during the tagging procedure. The results indicated that the best tagging site is ventral and anterior to the origin of the pectoral fin. At this site, tag retention is excellent, risk of infection is low, tag movement is minimal, and little or no tissue damage results from the tagging procedure. Close

• 974. [Article] Underplanted conifer seedling survival and growth in thinned Douglas-fir stands

  In a multilevel study to determine limits to underplanted conifer seedling growth, Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco), grand fir (Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.), western redcedar ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Underplanted conifer seedling survival and growth in thinned Douglas-fir stands Author: Newton, Michael, Brandeis, Thomas James, Cole, Elizabeth C. In a multilevel study to determine limits to underplanted conifer seedling growth, Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco), grand fir (Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.), western redcedar (Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don), and western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.) seedlings were planted beneath second-growth Douglas-fir stands that had been thinned to basal areas ranging from 16 to 31 m2/ha. Understory vegetation was treated with a broadcast herbicide application prior to thinning, a directed release herbicide application 2 years later, or no treatment beyond harvest disturbance. Residual overstory density was negatively correlated with percent survival for all four species. Broadcast herbicide application improved survival of grand fir and western hemlock. Western redcedar, grand fir, and western hemlock stem volumes were inversely related to overstory tree density, and this effect increased over time. There was a strong indication that this was also the case for Douglas-fir. Reduction of competing understory vegetation resulted in larger fourth-year stem volumes in grand fir and western hemlock. Title: Underplanted conifer seedling survival and growth in thinned Douglas-fir stands Author: Newton, Michael, Brandeis, Thomas James, Cole, Elizabeth C. In a multilevel study to determine limits to underplanted conifer seedling growth, Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco), grand fir (Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.), western redcedar (Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don), and western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.) seedlings were planted beneath second-growth Douglas-fir stands that had been thinned to basal areas ranging from 16 to 31 m2/ha. Understory vegetation was treated with a broadcast herbicide application prior to thinning, a directed release herbicide application 2 years later, or no treatment beyond harvest disturbance. Residual overstory density was negatively correlated with percent survival for all four species. Broadcast herbicide application improved survival of grand fir and western hemlock. Western redcedar, grand fir, and western hemlock stem volumes were inversely related to overstory tree density, and this effect increased over time. There was a strong indication that this was also the case for Douglas-fir. Reduction of competing understory vegetation resulted in larger fourth-year stem volumes in grand fir and western hemlock. Close

• 975. [Article] Response of estuarine diatom assemblages to ultraviolet-B radiation (290-320 nm)

  Artificial substrates colonized by diatoms from Yaquina Estuary, Oregon, were exposed to solar visible radiation and three levels of ultraviolet radiation (UV-B, 290-320 nm). Flow-through microcosms were ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Response of estuarine diatom assemblages to ultraviolet-B radiation (290-320 nm) Author: Brooker, Deborah L., Oregon State University, Worrest, Robert C., Artificial substrates colonized by diatoms from Yaquina Estuary, Oregon, were exposed to solar visible radiation and three levels of ultraviolet radiation (UV-B, 290-320 nm). Flow-through microcosms were constructed inside a glasshouse to serve as chambers for the artificial substrates. The artificial substrates were sampled during three spring/summer experiments. Chlorophyll a concentration, biomass (ash-free dry weight), primary productivity (radiocarbon uptake), and community composition were the parameters measured biweekly for each four-week experimental period. The results indicated that daily exposure to enhanced levels of UV-B radiation was associated with a decrease in species diversity of benthic diatom assemblages during all experiments after four weeks of growth. However, changes in taxonomic structure were not accompanied by a significant depression in chlorophyll a concentration, biomass, or radiocarbon uptake. In fact, in some experiments enhanced levels of UV-B radiation appeared to have a stimulatory effect on the latter parameters. Title: Response of estuarine diatom assemblages to ultraviolet-B radiation (290-320 nm) Author: Brooker, Deborah L., Oregon State University, Worrest, Robert C., Artificial substrates colonized by diatoms from Yaquina Estuary, Oregon, were exposed to solar visible radiation and three levels of ultraviolet radiation (UV-B, 290-320 nm). Flow-through microcosms were constructed inside a glasshouse to serve as chambers for the artificial substrates. The artificial substrates were sampled during three spring/summer experiments. Chlorophyll a concentration, biomass (ash-free dry weight), primary productivity (radiocarbon uptake), and community composition were the parameters measured biweekly for each four-week experimental period. The results indicated that daily exposure to enhanced levels of UV-B radiation was associated with a decrease in species diversity of benthic diatom assemblages during all experiments after four weeks of growth. However, changes in taxonomic structure were not accompanied by a significant depression in chlorophyll a concentration, biomass, or radiocarbon uptake. In fact, in some experiments enhanced levels of UV-B radiation appeared to have a stimulatory effect on the latter parameters. Close

• 976. [Article] Evaluating the mixed species feeding opportunities provided by foraging humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) across ocean ecosystems

  Group foraging occurs across many ecosystems and taxa, and benefits some or all individuals in the group by optimizing feeding efficiency. The beater theory describes when individual “beaters” benefit ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Evaluating the mixed species feeding opportunities provided by foraging humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) across ocean ecosystems Author: Ellett, Lindsey G. Group foraging occurs across many ecosystems and taxa, and benefits some or all individuals in the group by optimizing feeding efficiency. The beater theory describes when individual “beaters” benefit other group members by herding prey into more accessible areas. Humpback whales feed on a variety of small patchy prey, and as large predators could play an integral role in marine group foraging. Using video-tag data I analyzed the frequency humpback whales engaged in group foraging, and the patterns in prey type, foraging techniques, and other predators present. Results showed humpback whales participate in various foraging groups by location. The increased proportion of group bubble net feeding may indicate that humpback whales aid other air-breathing predators in the group by acting as beaters. This study serves as a preliminary investigation into humpback whales’ roles in group foraging utilizing subsurface observations. Future research may aim to develop broader spatial and temporal patterns, and compare these patterns to other marine and terrestrial mixed foraging groups. Title: Evaluating the mixed species feeding opportunities provided by foraging humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) across ocean ecosystems Author: Ellett, Lindsey G. Group foraging occurs across many ecosystems and taxa, and benefits some or all individuals in the group by optimizing feeding efficiency. The beater theory describes when individual “beaters” benefit other group members by herding prey into more accessible areas. Humpback whales feed on a variety of small patchy prey, and as large predators could play an integral role in marine group foraging. Using video-tag data I analyzed the frequency humpback whales engaged in group foraging, and the patterns in prey type, foraging techniques, and other predators present. Results showed humpback whales participate in various foraging groups by location. The increased proportion of group bubble net feeding may indicate that humpback whales aid other air-breathing predators in the group by acting as beaters. This study serves as a preliminary investigation into humpback whales’ roles in group foraging utilizing subsurface observations. Future research may aim to develop broader spatial and temporal patterns, and compare these patterns to other marine and terrestrial mixed foraging groups. Close

• 977. [Article] Anammox Enrichment and Kinetics

  Anammox (Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation) is a significant biogeochemical process carried out by certain bacteria, generally referred to as anammox bacteria. These bacteria have the ability to anaerobically ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Anammox Enrichment and Kinetics Author: Kannan, Raha Anammox (Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation) is a significant biogeochemical process carried out by certain bacteria, generally referred to as anammox bacteria. These bacteria have the ability to anaerobically oxidize ammonium (NH4+) with nitrite (NO2-) to form nitrogen gas (N2) without an organic carbon source. While anammox bacteria are found in a variety of environments, their metabolism can be especially useful for ammonium removal in wastewater treatment plants. When compared to conventional nitrogen removal processes, the greatly decreased aeration and methanol requirements significantly reduce cost and greenhouse gas production. This study focused on the enrichment of anammox bacteria from three different sources (wastewater treatment plants in Rotterdam, Netherlands; Virginia, USA; and Oregon, USA) using sequencing batch reactors and up-flow column reactors as enrichment techniques. Anammox activity, monitored by measuring nitrogen species in influent and effluent samples over time, indicated that up-flow column reactors were more suitable for anammox enrichment, and that treatment history of the sludge source affected enrichment at the lab-scale. The first-order substrate removal model, Grau second-order substrate removal model, and modified Stover-Kincannon models were applied to the three anammox up-flow column reactors to describe and predict anammox growth kinetics. Title: Anammox Enrichment and Kinetics Author: Kannan, Raha Anammox (Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation) is a significant biogeochemical process carried out by certain bacteria, generally referred to as anammox bacteria. These bacteria have the ability to anaerobically oxidize ammonium (NH4+) with nitrite (NO2-) to form nitrogen gas (N2) without an organic carbon source. While anammox bacteria are found in a variety of environments, their metabolism can be especially useful for ammonium removal in wastewater treatment plants. When compared to conventional nitrogen removal processes, the greatly decreased aeration and methanol requirements significantly reduce cost and greenhouse gas production. This study focused on the enrichment of anammox bacteria from three different sources (wastewater treatment plants in Rotterdam, Netherlands; Virginia, USA; and Oregon, USA) using sequencing batch reactors and up-flow column reactors as enrichment techniques. Anammox activity, monitored by measuring nitrogen species in influent and effluent samples over time, indicated that up-flow column reactors were more suitable for anammox enrichment, and that treatment history of the sludge source affected enrichment at the lab-scale. The first-order substrate removal model, Grau second-order substrate removal model, and modified Stover-Kincannon models were applied to the three anammox up-flow column reactors to describe and predict anammox growth kinetics. Close

• 978. [Article] A population viability analysis of the Oregon chub (Oregonichthys crameri) in the Willamette Valley, Oregon

  The Oregon chub (Oregonichthys crameri) is a small minnow (Family: Cyprinidae) endemic to Oregon’s Willamette Valley. In 1993, the Oregon chub was listed as endangered because of habitat loss and predation ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: A population viability analysis of the Oregon chub (Oregonichthys crameri) in the Willamette Valley, Oregon Author: Peterson, Erin The Oregon chub (Oregonichthys crameri) is a small minnow (Family: Cyprinidae) endemic to Oregon’s Willamette Valley. In 1993, the Oregon chub was listed as endangered because of habitat loss and predation and competition by nonnative fishes. Conservation efforts by the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (ODFW) and other agencies have led the Oregon chub to become the first fish ever proposed for delisting due to recovery. The goal of this project was to analyze population parameters from 18 sites containing Oregon chub and determine how factors such as the presence of nonnative species and the supplementation of other chub might affect them. I used regression to determine overall trends for each population and a population viability analysis to evaluate quasi-extinction risk for each population. Results indicate that over long time periods, the supplementation of chub can reduce extinction risk, while the presence of nonnative fishes may cause populations to drop below critical thresholds for population size. The outcome of this project is important because it supports current management practices by showing that continued monitoring is needed to maintain the progress that has been made towards the recovery of the Oregon chub. Title: A population viability analysis of the Oregon chub (Oregonichthys crameri) in the Willamette Valley, Oregon Author: Peterson, Erin The Oregon chub (Oregonichthys crameri) is a small minnow (Family: Cyprinidae) endemic to Oregon’s Willamette Valley. In 1993, the Oregon chub was listed as endangered because of habitat loss and predation and competition by nonnative fishes. Conservation efforts by the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (ODFW) and other agencies have led the Oregon chub to become the first fish ever proposed for delisting due to recovery. The goal of this project was to analyze population parameters from 18 sites containing Oregon chub and determine how factors such as the presence of nonnative species and the supplementation of other chub might affect them. I used regression to determine overall trends for each population and a population viability analysis to evaluate quasi-extinction risk for each population. Results indicate that over long time periods, the supplementation of chub can reduce extinction risk, while the presence of nonnative fishes may cause populations to drop below critical thresholds for population size. The outcome of this project is important because it supports current management practices by showing that continued monitoring is needed to maintain the progress that has been made towards the recovery of the Oregon chub. Close

• 979. [Article] Shifts in Microbial Communities Based Upon Transect Habitat

  Coral reef health has been in severe decline around the globe in the past several decades, in many cases due to direct human impact. Human action, such as overfishing, habitat destruction and nutrient ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Shifts in Microbial Communities Based Upon Transect Habitat Author: Greydanus, Logan Coral reef health has been in severe decline around the globe in the past several decades, in many cases due to direct human impact. Human action, such as overfishing, habitat destruction and nutrient loading, has caused coral coverage to drop to record lows, threatening the future of these critically important biodiversity hotspots. This study investigates the changes in microbial community along reef transects on the South Pacific island of Moorea. Samples were collected at three distinct habitats along reef transects: Fringing Reef, Back Reef, and Cresting Reef. Reef habitats were compared between three regions around the island: North, East and West. Results indicate that there is a significant difference in Bacterial and Archaeal (16S) species between the inner fringing reef habitat and the outer Cresting and Back reef habitats. This difference can consistently be seen across all regions sampled around Moorea. Comparison of the 16S communities based solely on region resulted in no significant difference, suggesting that the primary driver of microbial diversity is location on transect and not region. Based on these results, it appears the Bacterial and Archaeal communities are defined by the reef habitat they belong to and that these communities are not unique to region. Title: Shifts in Microbial Communities Based Upon Transect Habitat Author: Greydanus, Logan Coral reef health has been in severe decline around the globe in the past several decades, in many cases due to direct human impact. Human action, such as overfishing, habitat destruction and nutrient loading, has caused coral coverage to drop to record lows, threatening the future of these critically important biodiversity hotspots. This study investigates the changes in microbial community along reef transects on the South Pacific island of Moorea. Samples were collected at three distinct habitats along reef transects: Fringing Reef, Back Reef, and Cresting Reef. Reef habitats were compared between three regions around the island: North, East and West. Results indicate that there is a significant difference in Bacterial and Archaeal (16S) species between the inner fringing reef habitat and the outer Cresting and Back reef habitats. This difference can consistently be seen across all regions sampled around Moorea. Comparison of the 16S communities based solely on region resulted in no significant difference, suggesting that the primary driver of microbial diversity is location on transect and not region. Based on these results, it appears the Bacterial and Archaeal communities are defined by the reef habitat they belong to and that these communities are not unique to region. Close

• 980. [Article] Influence of sex, migration distance, and latitude on life history expression in steelhead and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

  To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the NRC ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Influence of sex, migration distance, and latitude on life history expression in steelhead and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Author: Reeves, Gordon H., Jordan, Chris E., Ohms, Haley A., Sloat, Matthew R., Dunham, Jason B. To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the NRC Research Press and can be found at: http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/journal/cjfas. Title: Influence of sex, migration distance, and latitude on life history expression in steelhead and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Author: Reeves, Gordon H., Jordan, Chris E., Ohms, Haley A., Sloat, Matthew R., Dunham, Jason B. To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the NRC Research Press and can be found at: http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/journal/cjfas. Close