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• 81. [Article] Interpretations of Interpretations: Combining Community-Based Participatory Research and Interpretive Inquiry to Improve Health

  Background: Latina immigrants from Mexico suffer significantly increased morbidity and mortality from cervical cancer when compared with non-Hispanic White women, largely owing to lack of screening and ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interpretations of Interpretations: Combining Community-Based Participatory Research and Interpretive Inquiry to Improve Health Author: Gregg, Jessica, Centurion, Lourdes, Maldonado, Julio, Aguillon, Raquel, Celaya-Alston, Rosemary Carmela, Farquhar, Stephanie Year: 2010 Background: Latina immigrants from Mexico suffer significantly increased morbidity and mortality from cervical cancer when compared with non-Hispanic White women, largely owing to lack of screening and appropriate treatment. Objectives: To demonstrate that by combining the tools of community-based participatory research (CBPR) with the tools of interpretive inquiry, it is possible to address explicit community concerns surrounding a particular problem such as cervical cancer while also examining what other, perhaps less immediately visible, matters consume the time and attention of community members. Methods: We first briefly discuss and compare CBPR as an approach to research and interpretive inquiry as a qualitative research method. We then provide a case study from our own research using a CBPR approach to examine beliefs and attitudes about cervical cancer prevention among Oregon Latinos. Methods in that study included extensive discussions with our community advisory board (CAB) and promotores (community health workers) regarding barriers to cervical cancer screening for Latinas and community health concerns in general, and in-depth interviews with more than 50 Latino immigrants. Conclusion: Combining the tools of CBPR with the tools of interpretive qualitative inquiry may allow researchers to address explicit community concerns while also examining what other, less immediately visible, issues consume the time and attention of community members. In our specific case, combining the insights of our community partners with the results of our interpretive analysis helped us shift the focus from cervical cancer alone to a focus on gender relations and family health as we design future interventions. Title: Interpretations of Interpretations: Combining Community-Based Participatory Research and Interpretive Inquiry to Improve Health Author: Gregg, Jessica, Centurion, Lourdes, Maldonado, Julio, Aguillon, Raquel, Celaya-Alston, Rosemary Carmela, Farquhar, Stephanie Year: 2010 Background: Latina immigrants from Mexico suffer significantly increased morbidity and mortality from cervical cancer when compared with non-Hispanic White women, largely owing to lack of screening and appropriate treatment. Objectives: To demonstrate that by combining the tools of community-based participatory research (CBPR) with the tools of interpretive inquiry, it is possible to address explicit community concerns surrounding a particular problem such as cervical cancer while also examining what other, perhaps less immediately visible, matters consume the time and attention of community members. Methods: We first briefly discuss and compare CBPR as an approach to research and interpretive inquiry as a qualitative research method. We then provide a case study from our own research using a CBPR approach to examine beliefs and attitudes about cervical cancer prevention among Oregon Latinos. Methods in that study included extensive discussions with our community advisory board (CAB) and promotores (community health workers) regarding barriers to cervical cancer screening for Latinas and community health concerns in general, and in-depth interviews with more than 50 Latino immigrants. Conclusion: Combining the tools of CBPR with the tools of interpretive qualitative inquiry may allow researchers to address explicit community concerns while also examining what other, less immediately visible, issues consume the time and attention of community members. In our specific case, combining the insights of our community partners with the results of our interpretive analysis helped us shift the focus from cervical cancer alone to a focus on gender relations and family health as we design future interventions. Close

• 82. [Article] The Theory and Practice of Community Policing: An Evaluation of the Iris Court Demonstration Project

  This dissertation deals both with the theory and practice of community policing in the United States and elsewhere while focusing on a specific community policing project in Portland, Oregon. It discusses ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Theory and Practice of Community Policing: An Evaluation of the Iris Court Demonstration Project Author: Moose, Charles Year: 1993 This dissertation deals both with the theory and practice of community policing in the United States and elsewhere while focusing on a specific community policing project in Portland, Oregon. It discusses the history of police work in America, as well as that of the Portland Police Bureau. It also explicates the various meanings of "community policing," along with the problems and issues that have surfaced as the community policing movement has evolved. The research reported here was based on a project conducted by the Portland Police Bureau and numerous supporting agencies. The project was inaugurated in May 1990 with the following goals: improve quality of life of the residents, reduce the fear of crime, and reduce the levels of actual crime. Iris Court is a public housing complex owned and operated by the Housing Authority of Portland. It was recommended as a demonstration site for community policing because of past and ongoing problems of crime in and around it. The Portland City Council had mandated that community policing become the policing style in Portland, and the demonstration project was intended to test various community policing strategies. The tenants were surveyed prior to the implementation of the community policing strategies. The Metro-Life Enhancement Team was formed, an action plan was developed, most of the action plan items were implemented, and the tenants were resurveyed one year later. The evaluation of the project was conducted to assess whether community policing had a measurable effect on public safety. The dependent variables were quality of life, fear of crime, and actual crime. Various community policing strategies would be judged to have been successful if reported crime declined, the fear of crime was reduced, and the quality of life improved. The data show that the project was at least moderately successful. Reported crime declined, fear of crime was reduced, and there were indications that the quality of life was improved. The most striking finding was a 55% decrease in reported crime during the study period. This study suggests that community policing strategies of partnership, empowerment, problem solving, accountability, and service orientation can be successful. Title: The Theory and Practice of Community Policing: An Evaluation of the Iris Court Demonstration Project Author: Moose, Charles Year: 1993 This dissertation deals both with the theory and practice of community policing in the United States and elsewhere while focusing on a specific community policing project in Portland, Oregon. It discusses the history of police work in America, as well as that of the Portland Police Bureau. It also explicates the various meanings of "community policing," along with the problems and issues that have surfaced as the community policing movement has evolved. The research reported here was based on a project conducted by the Portland Police Bureau and numerous supporting agencies. The project was inaugurated in May 1990 with the following goals: improve quality of life of the residents, reduce the fear of crime, and reduce the levels of actual crime. Iris Court is a public housing complex owned and operated by the Housing Authority of Portland. It was recommended as a demonstration site for community policing because of past and ongoing problems of crime in and around it. The Portland City Council had mandated that community policing become the policing style in Portland, and the demonstration project was intended to test various community policing strategies. The tenants were surveyed prior to the implementation of the community policing strategies. The Metro-Life Enhancement Team was formed, an action plan was developed, most of the action plan items were implemented, and the tenants were resurveyed one year later. The evaluation of the project was conducted to assess whether community policing had a measurable effect on public safety. The dependent variables were quality of life, fear of crime, and actual crime. Various community policing strategies would be judged to have been successful if reported crime declined, the fear of crime was reduced, and the quality of life improved. The data show that the project was at least moderately successful. Reported crime declined, fear of crime was reduced, and there were indications that the quality of life was improved. The most striking finding was a 55% decrease in reported crime during the study period. This study suggests that community policing strategies of partnership, empowerment, problem solving, accountability, and service orientation can be successful. Close

• 83. [Article] "Sitting in Different Chairs:" Roles of the Community Health Workers in the Poder es Salud/Power for Health Project

  Evaluations of Community Health Worker programs consistently document improvements in health, yet few articles clearly describe the roles of Community Health Workers (CHWs) from the CHWs' perspective. ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: "Sitting in Different Chairs:" Roles of the Community Health Workers in the Poder es Salud/Power for Health Project Author: Farquhar, Stephanie, Wiggins, Noelle, Michael, Yvonne L., Luhr, G., Jordon, Jennifer, Lopez, A. Year: 2008 Evaluations of Community Health Worker programs consistently document improvements in health, yet few articles clearly describe the roles of Community Health Workers (CHWs) from the CHWs' perspective. This article presents the CHWs' points of view regarding the various roles they played in a community-based participatory research (CBPR) project, Poder es Salud/Power for Health in Portland, Oregon, including their roles as community organizers and co-researchers. Methods: Authors draw from an analysis of transcript data from in-depth interviews conducted with CHWs to present a description of the strategies employed by the CHWs to build leadership skills and knowledge among community members. CHWs also discuss their own personal and professional development. Results: The analysis of the interviews suggests that CHWs valued their multiple roles with Poder es Salud/Power for Health and their participation on the project's Steering Committee. Based on CHWs' descriptions of their work, this type of involvement appears to build the CHWs' leadership skills and sense of efficacy to create change in their communities. Conclusion: By serving as community organizers and participating as producers of research, rather than acting merely as a deliverer of the intervention activities, the CHWs were able to build skills that make them more successful as CHWs. Title: "Sitting in Different Chairs:" Roles of the Community Health Workers in the Poder es Salud/Power for Health Project Author: Farquhar, Stephanie, Wiggins, Noelle, Michael, Yvonne L., Luhr, G., Jordon, Jennifer, Lopez, A. Year: 2008 Evaluations of Community Health Worker programs consistently document improvements in health, yet few articles clearly describe the roles of Community Health Workers (CHWs) from the CHWs' perspective. This article presents the CHWs' points of view regarding the various roles they played in a community-based participatory research (CBPR) project, Poder es Salud/Power for Health in Portland, Oregon, including their roles as community organizers and co-researchers. Methods: Authors draw from an analysis of transcript data from in-depth interviews conducted with CHWs to present a description of the strategies employed by the CHWs to build leadership skills and knowledge among community members. CHWs also discuss their own personal and professional development. Results: The analysis of the interviews suggests that CHWs valued their multiple roles with Poder es Salud/Power for Health and their participation on the project's Steering Committee. Based on CHWs' descriptions of their work, this type of involvement appears to build the CHWs' leadership skills and sense of efficacy to create change in their communities. Conclusion: By serving as community organizers and participating as producers of research, rather than acting merely as a deliverer of the intervention activities, the CHWs were able to build skills that make them more successful as CHWs. Close

• 84. [Article] Accent on Student Success: Engaged Together for Service (ASSETS) Initiative, Three Year Report

  This report is the culmination of three years of data (of a three year grant project, 2006-2009) involving community college campuses who received funding from the Community College National Center for ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Accent on Student Success: Engaged Together for Service (ASSETS) Initiative, Three Year Report Author: Cress, Christine M. Year: 2009 This report is the culmination of three years of data (of a three year grant project, 2006-2009) involving community college campuses who received funding from the Community College National Center for Community Engagement (CCNCCE) through a Learn and Serve America Higher Education grant as part of the Corporation for National and Community Service in an effort to expand the field of service-learning and civic engagement in diverse communities nationwide. The CCNCCE Accent on Student Success: Engaged Together for Service (ASSETS) grant intended to develop an intergenerational approach of service through projects that incorporated baby boomers, K-12, and community college students; promoted academic and civic engagement opportunities for disadvantaged youth by engaging middle and high school students in service-learning projects in their communities; supported previous LSAHE grantee work on service-learning homeland security projects; and facilitated professional development to all sub-grantee colleges especially those initiating service-learning courses and programs. Outcomes from student and community partner survey data are highlighted below. This report also includes college student survey data from four California campuses who received funding from California Campus Compact (CACC) through a similar Learn and Serve America Higher Education grant as part of the Corporation for National and Community Service in an effort to increase college readiness among youth from disadvantaged communities (Youth-to-College grant initiative, Y2C). The four lead institutions served as regional hubs for service-learning projects while collaborating with other colleges and community partners. Title: Accent on Student Success: Engaged Together for Service (ASSETS) Initiative, Three Year Report Author: Cress, Christine M. Year: 2009 This report is the culmination of three years of data (of a three year grant project, 2006-2009) involving community college campuses who received funding from the Community College National Center for Community Engagement (CCNCCE) through a Learn and Serve America Higher Education grant as part of the Corporation for National and Community Service in an effort to expand the field of service-learning and civic engagement in diverse communities nationwide. The CCNCCE Accent on Student Success: Engaged Together for Service (ASSETS) grant intended to develop an intergenerational approach of service through projects that incorporated baby boomers, K-12, and community college students; promoted academic and civic engagement opportunities for disadvantaged youth by engaging middle and high school students in service-learning projects in their communities; supported previous LSAHE grantee work on service-learning homeland security projects; and facilitated professional development to all sub-grantee colleges especially those initiating service-learning courses and programs. Outcomes from student and community partner survey data are highlighted below. This report also includes college student survey data from four California campuses who received funding from California Campus Compact (CACC) through a similar Learn and Serve America Higher Education grant as part of the Corporation for National and Community Service in an effort to increase college readiness among youth from disadvantaged communities (Youth-to-College grant initiative, Y2C). The four lead institutions served as regional hubs for service-learning projects while collaborating with other colleges and community partners. Close

• 85. [Article] Effects of vegetation and disturbance on fungal communities in the western Cascades of Oregon

  The use of high throughput molecular methods that allow for the study of bacterial communities in environmental samples is commonplace in microbial ecology. Until recently, fungal community ecology has focused ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Effects of vegetation and disturbance on fungal communities in the western Cascades of Oregon Author: Kageyama, Stacie Ann, 1967- The use of high throughput molecular methods that allow for the study of bacterial communities in environmental samples is commonplace in microbial ecology. Until recently, fungal community ecology has focused on isolation, collection of sporocarps, or collection of ectomycorrhizal roots. The techniques used to extract and amplify DNA from environmental samples are relatively new to the world of fungal community ecology. Many fungi are difficult to isolate. Collection and identification of sporocarps and root tips is time-consuming. Sporocarp production may vary from year-to-year. Here, we present three studies using length heterogeneity PCR (LH-PCR) with the general fungal primers ITS1-F and ITS4 for the internal transcribed spacer region of rRNA to examine changes in fungal community composition in response to changes in vegetation, and disturbance events. In the first study, we used LH-PCR to examine differences in fungal community composition along transects from the forest to the meadow sites at two sites in the western Cascades of Oregon. We found dramatic differences in fungal community composition due to vegetation type and found an intermediate community in the transition zone between meadow and forest. In the second and third studies, we used LH-PCR to identify treatment effects in two manipulative experiments. In both studies, LH-PCR allowed us to observe the changes in community dynamics and identify some of the factors involved in community changes following disturbance. In the second study, we found that fungal succession occurred rapidly when cores were transferred to new environments. We also found evidence that succession occurred more slowly when roots were excluded. In the third study, we used bacterial primers in addition to the fungal ITS primers. We found that presence of live roots rather than either aboveground litter inputs or seasonal differences in sampling times were the greatest determinant of both fungal and bacterial communities at the Detritus Input and Removal Treatment plots 6 years after initiation. Title: Effects of vegetation and disturbance on fungal communities in the western Cascades of Oregon Author: Kageyama, Stacie Ann, 1967- The use of high throughput molecular methods that allow for the study of bacterial communities in environmental samples is commonplace in microbial ecology. Until recently, fungal community ecology has focused on isolation, collection of sporocarps, or collection of ectomycorrhizal roots. The techniques used to extract and amplify DNA from environmental samples are relatively new to the world of fungal community ecology. Many fungi are difficult to isolate. Collection and identification of sporocarps and root tips is time-consuming. Sporocarp production may vary from year-to-year. Here, we present three studies using length heterogeneity PCR (LH-PCR) with the general fungal primers ITS1-F and ITS4 for the internal transcribed spacer region of rRNA to examine changes in fungal community composition in response to changes in vegetation, and disturbance events. In the first study, we used LH-PCR to examine differences in fungal community composition along transects from the forest to the meadow sites at two sites in the western Cascades of Oregon. We found dramatic differences in fungal community composition due to vegetation type and found an intermediate community in the transition zone between meadow and forest. In the second and third studies, we used LH-PCR to identify treatment effects in two manipulative experiments. In both studies, LH-PCR allowed us to observe the changes in community dynamics and identify some of the factors involved in community changes following disturbance. In the second study, we found that fungal succession occurred rapidly when cores were transferred to new environments. We also found evidence that succession occurred more slowly when roots were excluded. In the third study, we used bacterial primers in addition to the fungal ITS primers. We found that presence of live roots rather than either aboveground litter inputs or seasonal differences in sampling times were the greatest determinant of both fungal and bacterial communities at the Detritus Input and Removal Treatment plots 6 years after initiation. Close

• 86. [Article] Perceptions of the influence of school-based activities on voter behavior

  The purpose of this case study was to explore the perceptions of school district administrators and members of the community about the influence of school-based activities had on voter behavior. The case ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Perceptions of the influence of school-based activities on voter behavior Author: Borella, AnnLouise The purpose of this case study was to explore the perceptions of school district administrators and members of the community about the influence of school-based activities had on voter behavior. The case study focused on a school district in the Willamette Valley of Oregon. Interviews were held with the school district administrators and taxpayers in the community. The surveyed taxpayers were prominent, influential and well informed about the school district and the community. Three questions were addressed to both the school administrators and taxpayers. (1.) What are the perceptions of the interviewee on the influence of school site activities on voter behavior? (2.) What activities would the interviewee perceive to be most effective in gaining/keeping community support? (3.) Does the interviewee perceive anything unusual about the community in its participation in school site activities and/or non-school activities? It was found that attracting the people to the school site can be a positive influence, provided that the schoolsite is in good order. The activities most effective in gaining/keeping community support were those activities that pulled the widest range of community members to the school site. The administrators perceived the large attendance at school activities as support for the school system rather than the family members supporting the children. Administrators were also aware of a large segment of the community without school-age children, yet no active budgeted plans to reach them had been made. Furthermore, community members felt that the district should live within their budget even though there was large community support for school based activities. The change in demographic characteristics, increased enrollment, and increased property evaluations have caused the community's perception of the school district to become more fiscally conservative. Due to the lack of trust by the taxpayers, the school district needs to be sensitive to the community by furnishing timely information about the how and why public monies are being spent. Title: Perceptions of the influence of school-based activities on voter behavior Author: Borella, AnnLouise The purpose of this case study was to explore the perceptions of school district administrators and members of the community about the influence of school-based activities had on voter behavior. The case study focused on a school district in the Willamette Valley of Oregon. Interviews were held with the school district administrators and taxpayers in the community. The surveyed taxpayers were prominent, influential and well informed about the school district and the community. Three questions were addressed to both the school administrators and taxpayers. (1.) What are the perceptions of the interviewee on the influence of school site activities on voter behavior? (2.) What activities would the interviewee perceive to be most effective in gaining/keeping community support? (3.) Does the interviewee perceive anything unusual about the community in its participation in school site activities and/or non-school activities? It was found that attracting the people to the school site can be a positive influence, provided that the schoolsite is in good order. The activities most effective in gaining/keeping community support were those activities that pulled the widest range of community members to the school site. The administrators perceived the large attendance at school activities as support for the school system rather than the family members supporting the children. Administrators were also aware of a large segment of the community without school-age children, yet no active budgeted plans to reach them had been made. Furthermore, community members felt that the district should live within their budget even though there was large community support for school based activities. The change in demographic characteristics, increased enrollment, and increased property evaluations have caused the community's perception of the school district to become more fiscally conservative. Due to the lack of trust by the taxpayers, the school district needs to be sensitive to the community by furnishing timely information about the how and why public monies are being spent. Close

• 87. [Article] Selection Ratios on Community Aggregated Traits to Estimate Ecological Filters Imposed on Species by Sites

  Variation in community structure is mediated by interactions between species traits and a site's environmental characteristics. Previously, data on community composition at sites has been employed to correlate ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Selection Ratios on Community Aggregated Traits to Estimate Ecological Filters Imposed on Species by Sites Author: Lichti, Nathanael I., Murphy, Michael T. Year: 2010 Variation in community structure is mediated by interactions between species traits and a site's environmental characteristics. Previously, data on community composition at sites has been employed to correlate trait and environmental variables (e.g., RLQ analysis) and to predict community-level expression of quantitative traits (i.e., community aggregated traits). Here, we demonstrate that the selection ratio, a method originating in animal resource selection studies, can estimate the ecological filters that site conditions impose on species traits by combining observed community aggregated traits with null models of species availability. This flexible, nonparametric approach expresses the filter at each site as a probability density function for the selection of individuals possessing a given trait value. By doing so, it generalizes the community aggregated trait concept to include categorical as well as continuous traits and allows for both intraspecific variation in trait expression and differences in species availability among sites. The resulting site-level filter functions can be related to environmental covariates by standard statistical approaches (e.g., regression). The method complements existing techniques for analyzing trait-environment interactions in community ecology. Title: Selection Ratios on Community Aggregated Traits to Estimate Ecological Filters Imposed on Species by Sites Author: Lichti, Nathanael I., Murphy, Michael T. Year: 2010 Variation in community structure is mediated by interactions between species traits and a site's environmental characteristics. Previously, data on community composition at sites has been employed to correlate trait and environmental variables (e.g., RLQ analysis) and to predict community-level expression of quantitative traits (i.e., community aggregated traits). Here, we demonstrate that the selection ratio, a method originating in animal resource selection studies, can estimate the ecological filters that site conditions impose on species traits by combining observed community aggregated traits with null models of species availability. This flexible, nonparametric approach expresses the filter at each site as a probability density function for the selection of individuals possessing a given trait value. By doing so, it generalizes the community aggregated trait concept to include categorical as well as continuous traits and allows for both intraspecific variation in trait expression and differences in species availability among sites. The resulting site-level filter functions can be related to environmental covariates by standard statistical approaches (e.g., regression). The method complements existing techniques for analyzing trait-environment interactions in community ecology. Close

• 88. [Article] The Native American Community in Multnomah County: An Unsettling Profile

  This report is the result of three years of work of true partnership between the Native American community, the Coalition of Communities of Color and Portland State University. The Portland Indian Leaders’ ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Native American Community in Multnomah County: An Unsettling Profile Author: Curry-Stevens, Ann, Cross-Hemmer, Amanda, Coalition of Communities of Color Year: 2011 This report is the result of three years of work of true partnership between the Native American community, the Coalition of Communities of Color and Portland State University. The Portland Indian Leaders’ Roundtable, an alliance of 28 local Native American organizations, tribal organizations and Native focused programs within larger institutions, took a lead role in the implementation of the Native American research. Elders of the community reviewed the work and provided invaluable knowledge and historical context. Our main priority is to advocate for policy decisions that improve outcomes for the Native American community. We hold institutional reform and the formation of a powerful racial equity advocacy coalition as central to improving outcomes. This report builds an important knowledge base from which to advocate and to educate. Educating our community and the community at large about the Native American community is crucial to achieving racial equity. Title: The Native American Community in Multnomah County: An Unsettling Profile Author: Curry-Stevens, Ann, Cross-Hemmer, Amanda, Coalition of Communities of Color Year: 2011 This report is the result of three years of work of true partnership between the Native American community, the Coalition of Communities of Color and Portland State University. The Portland Indian Leaders’ Roundtable, an alliance of 28 local Native American organizations, tribal organizations and Native focused programs within larger institutions, took a lead role in the implementation of the Native American research. Elders of the community reviewed the work and provided invaluable knowledge and historical context. Our main priority is to advocate for policy decisions that improve outcomes for the Native American community. We hold institutional reform and the formation of a powerful racial equity advocacy coalition as central to improving outcomes. This report builds an important knowledge base from which to advocate and to educate. Educating our community and the community at large about the Native American community is crucial to achieving racial equity. Close

• 89. [Article] Indicators of Social Vulnerability in Fishing Communities along the West Coast Region of the U.S.

  Social vulnerability is often thought of as a culmination of social factors influencing the susceptibility of various groups to harm and govern their ability to respond. In an effort to identify communities ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Indicators of Social Vulnerability in Fishing Communities along the West Coast Region of the U.S. Author: Miller, Stacey D. Social vulnerability is often thought of as a culmination of social factors influencing the susceptibility of various groups to harm and govern their ability to respond. In an effort to identify communities that may be susceptible to social impacts from changes to fishery policies or fishing conditions, NOAA Fisheries is developing social vulnerability indicators for fishing-dependent communities in five regions within the U.S including the northeast, southeast, west coast, Alaska, and Hawaii. Place-based data from the U.S. decennial census, American Community Survey, NOAA Fisheries, state fish and wildlife agencies, and a myriad of additional sources are included in a factor analysis to identify communities engaged in and reliant on commercial fishing, and to derive indicators of social vulnerability. Using these indicators, 18 communities along the west coast were identified as having high levels of both commercial fishing dependence and social vulnerability, although the drivers varied among communities. This research complements the development of a national vulnerability assessment by using the vulnerability resilience linear conceptual model to evaluate exposure and sensitivity of communities along the west coast to potential policy or environmental changes that affect commercial fishing activity. Title: Indicators of Social Vulnerability in Fishing Communities along the West Coast Region of the U.S. Author: Miller, Stacey D. Social vulnerability is often thought of as a culmination of social factors influencing the susceptibility of various groups to harm and govern their ability to respond. In an effort to identify communities that may be susceptible to social impacts from changes to fishery policies or fishing conditions, NOAA Fisheries is developing social vulnerability indicators for fishing-dependent communities in five regions within the U.S including the northeast, southeast, west coast, Alaska, and Hawaii. Place-based data from the U.S. decennial census, American Community Survey, NOAA Fisheries, state fish and wildlife agencies, and a myriad of additional sources are included in a factor analysis to identify communities engaged in and reliant on commercial fishing, and to derive indicators of social vulnerability. Using these indicators, 18 communities along the west coast were identified as having high levels of both commercial fishing dependence and social vulnerability, although the drivers varied among communities. This research complements the development of a national vulnerability assessment by using the vulnerability resilience linear conceptual model to evaluate exposure and sensitivity of communities along the west coast to potential policy or environmental changes that affect commercial fishing activity. Close

• 90. [Article] Jobs, Natural Amenities, Distance, Population, or Services: What Drives Age- Specific Migration for Small Oregon Communities?

  Declining population is a major concern for rural communities. In many places, out-migration has led to a loss of key services. This essay investigates the role of services, as well as labor markets, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Jobs, Natural Amenities, Distance, Population, or Services: What Drives Age- Specific Migration for Small Oregon Communities? Author: Wall, Conor Declining population is a major concern for rural communities. In many places, out-migration has led to a loss of key services. This essay investigates the role of services, as well as labor markets, natural amenities, distance to urban areas, and community size, in determining net migration rates for small Oregon communities for the 1990-2000 and 2000-2010 time periods. Estimates of age-specific migration rates for Oregon incorporated places show markedly different patterns for small communities, with such places experiencing severe outmigration among 20-to-24 year-olds, but adding population in older age groups. Regression analysis of net migration in Oregon communities with 1289 people or fewer shows that natural amenities, particularly low rainfall and proximity to open water, are primary drivers of community-specific migration rates. The effects of labor markets and distance to urban centers are found to wane, particularly for working-age migrants, in the 2000-2010 period, with the size of a community becoming a more important determinant of its net migration rate. Access to services, such as grocery stores, however, is found to significantly boost net migration rates and to mitigate the tendency for very small places to suffer net outmigration. Title: Jobs, Natural Amenities, Distance, Population, or Services: What Drives Age- Specific Migration for Small Oregon Communities? Author: Wall, Conor Declining population is a major concern for rural communities. In many places, out-migration has led to a loss of key services. This essay investigates the role of services, as well as labor markets, natural amenities, distance to urban areas, and community size, in determining net migration rates for small Oregon communities for the 1990-2000 and 2000-2010 time periods. Estimates of age-specific migration rates for Oregon incorporated places show markedly different patterns for small communities, with such places experiencing severe outmigration among 20-to-24 year-olds, but adding population in older age groups. Regression analysis of net migration in Oregon communities with 1289 people or fewer shows that natural amenities, particularly low rainfall and proximity to open water, are primary drivers of community-specific migration rates. The effects of labor markets and distance to urban centers are found to wane, particularly for working-age migrants, in the 2000-2010 period, with the size of a community becoming a more important determinant of its net migration rate. Access to services, such as grocery stores, however, is found to significantly boost net migration rates and to mitigate the tendency for very small places to suffer net outmigration. Close