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• 71. [Article] Fish Research Project Oregon; Implementation of the Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP) Protocol in the John Day Subbasin of the Columbia Plateau Province - Annual Progress Report 2005

  Abstract -- The Independent Scientific Review Panel (ISRP), in their guidance on monitoring, strongly recommended that the region move away from index surveys and embrace probabilistic sampling for most ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Fish Research Project Oregon; Implementation of the Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP) Protocol in the John Day Subbasin of the Columbia Plateau Province - Annual Progress Report 2005 Abstract -- The Independent Scientific Review Panel (ISRP), in their guidance on monitoring, strongly recommended that the region move away from index surveys and embrace probabilistic sampling for most population and habitat monitoring. To meet the ISRP’s recommendation, we extended the structure and methods employed by the Oregon Plan for Salmon and Watersheds Monitoring Program to the John Day subbasin. This approach incorporates the sampling strategy of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA’s) Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP). The EMAP is a long-term research effort with a statistically based and spatially explicit sampling design. This program, successfully implemented in Oregon’s coastal watersheds, applies a rigorous, Tier-2 sampling design to answer key monitoring questions, integrate on-going sampling efforts, and improve agency coordination. The objectives of this project are to determine annual estimates of steelhead spawner escapement, juvenile salmonid rearing distributions, physical habitat conditions, smolt-to-adult survival rates (SAR), and track changes in the status and trends of these estimates over time. We began to meet these objectives in 2004 through spawning ground surveys initiated in spring and juvenile salmonid and habitat surveys during summer. In addition, data from on-going projects in the basin, such as smolt and adult monitoring, will be incorporated in future years to develop a more complete picture of status and trends in resources and life-stage specific survival not targeted under the EMAP program. We believe this project will be the vehicle to synthesize all related fish population and habitat monitoring data at the provincial and subbasin scales. ODFW, Eastern Oregon Fish Research (EOFR) Title: Fish Research Project Oregon; Implementation of the Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP) Protocol in the John Day Subbasin of the Columbia Plateau Province - Annual Progress Report 2005 Abstract -- The Independent Scientific Review Panel (ISRP), in their guidance on monitoring, strongly recommended that the region move away from index surveys and embrace probabilistic sampling for most population and habitat monitoring. To meet the ISRP’s recommendation, we extended the structure and methods employed by the Oregon Plan for Salmon and Watersheds Monitoring Program to the John Day subbasin. This approach incorporates the sampling strategy of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA’s) Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP). The EMAP is a long-term research effort with a statistically based and spatially explicit sampling design. This program, successfully implemented in Oregon’s coastal watersheds, applies a rigorous, Tier-2 sampling design to answer key monitoring questions, integrate on-going sampling efforts, and improve agency coordination. The objectives of this project are to determine annual estimates of steelhead spawner escapement, juvenile salmonid rearing distributions, physical habitat conditions, smolt-to-adult survival rates (SAR), and track changes in the status and trends of these estimates over time. We began to meet these objectives in 2004 through spawning ground surveys initiated in spring and juvenile salmonid and habitat surveys during summer. In addition, data from on-going projects in the basin, such as smolt and adult monitoring, will be incorporated in future years to develop a more complete picture of status and trends in resources and life-stage specific survival not targeted under the EMAP program. We believe this project will be the vehicle to synthesize all related fish population and habitat monitoring data at the provincial and subbasin scales. ODFW, Eastern Oregon Fish Research (EOFR) Close

• 72. [Article] Scientific impact of MODIS C5 calibration degradation and C6+ improvements

  This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the author(s) and published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. The published article can ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Scientific impact of MODIS C5 calibration degradation and C6+ improvements Author: Korkin, S., Hall, F., Wu, A., Platnick, S., Franz, B., Xiong, X., Tucker, J., Hilker, T., Meister, G., Wang, Y., Angal, A., Lyapustin, A., Levy, R., Sellers, P. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the author(s) and published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. The published article can be found at: http://www.atmospheric-measurement-techniques.net/index.html. Title: Scientific impact of MODIS C5 calibration degradation and C6+ improvements Author: Korkin, S., Hall, F., Wu, A., Platnick, S., Franz, B., Xiong, X., Tucker, J., Hilker, T., Meister, G., Wang, Y., Angal, A., Lyapustin, A., Levy, R., Sellers, P. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the author(s) and published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. The published article can be found at: http://www.atmospheric-measurement-techniques.net/index.html. Close

• 73. [Article] Active deformation of the Cascadia forearc : implications for great earthquake potential in Oregon and Washington

  Nine west-northwest-trending faults on the continental margin of Oregon and Washington, between 43° 05'N and 470 20'N latitude, have been mapped using seismic reflection, sidescan sonar, submersibles, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Active deformation of the Cascadia forearc : implications for great earthquake potential in Oregon and Washington Author: Goldfinger, Chris Nine west-northwest-trending faults on the continental margin of Oregon and Washington, between 43° 05'N and 470 20'N latitude, have been mapped using seismic reflection, sidescan sonar, submersibles, and swath bathymetry. Five of these oblique faults are found on both the Juan de Fuca and North American plates, and offset abyssal plain sedimentary units left-laterally from 2.0 to 5.5 km. These five faults extend 8-18 km northwestward from the deformation front. The remaining four faults, found only on the North American plate, are also inferred to have a left-lateral slip sense. The age of the Wecoma fault on the abyssal plain is 600±50 ka, and has an average slip rate of 7-1 0 mm/year. Slip rates of the other four abyssal plain faults are 5.5 ± 2 - 6. 7 ± 3 mm/yr. These faults are active, as indicated by offset of the youngest sedimentary units, surficial fault scarps, offsets of surficial channels, and deep fluid venting. All nine faults have been surveyed on the continental slope using SeaMARC 1A sidescan sonar, and three of them were surveyed with a high-resolution AMS 150 sidescan sonar on the continental shelf off central Oregon. On the continental slope, the faults are expressed as linear, high-angle WNW trending scarps, and WNW trending fault-parallel folds that we interpret as flower structures. Active structures on the shelf include folds trending from NNE to WNW and associated flexural slip thrust faulting; NNW to N trending right-lateral strike-slip faults; and WNW trending left-lateral strike-slip faults. Some of these structures intersect the coast and can be correlated with onshore Quaternary faults and folds, and others are suspected to be deforming the coastal region. These structures may be contributing to the coastal marsh stratigraphic record of co-seismic subsidence events in the Holocene. We postulate that the set of nine WNW trending left-lateral strike-slip faults extend and rotate the forearc clockwise, absorbing most or all of the arc parallel component of plate convergence. The high rate of forearc deformation implies that the Cascadia forearc may lack the rigidity to generate M > 8.2 earthquakes. From a comparison of Cascadia seismogenic zone geometry to data from circum-Pacific great earthquakes of this century, the maximum Cascadia rupture is estimated to be 500 to 600 km in length, with a 150-400 km rupture length in best agreement with historical data. Title: Active deformation of the Cascadia forearc : implications for great earthquake potential in Oregon and Washington Author: Goldfinger, Chris Nine west-northwest-trending faults on the continental margin of Oregon and Washington, between 43° 05'N and 470 20'N latitude, have been mapped using seismic reflection, sidescan sonar, submersibles, and swath bathymetry. Five of these oblique faults are found on both the Juan de Fuca and North American plates, and offset abyssal plain sedimentary units left-laterally from 2.0 to 5.5 km. These five faults extend 8-18 km northwestward from the deformation front. The remaining four faults, found only on the North American plate, are also inferred to have a left-lateral slip sense. The age of the Wecoma fault on the abyssal plain is 600±50 ka, and has an average slip rate of 7-1 0 mm/year. Slip rates of the other four abyssal plain faults are 5.5 ± 2 - 6. 7 ± 3 mm/yr. These faults are active, as indicated by offset of the youngest sedimentary units, surficial fault scarps, offsets of surficial channels, and deep fluid venting. All nine faults have been surveyed on the continental slope using SeaMARC 1A sidescan sonar, and three of them were surveyed with a high-resolution AMS 150 sidescan sonar on the continental shelf off central Oregon. On the continental slope, the faults are expressed as linear, high-angle WNW trending scarps, and WNW trending fault-parallel folds that we interpret as flower structures. Active structures on the shelf include folds trending from NNE to WNW and associated flexural slip thrust faulting; NNW to N trending right-lateral strike-slip faults; and WNW trending left-lateral strike-slip faults. Some of these structures intersect the coast and can be correlated with onshore Quaternary faults and folds, and others are suspected to be deforming the coastal region. These structures may be contributing to the coastal marsh stratigraphic record of co-seismic subsidence events in the Holocene. We postulate that the set of nine WNW trending left-lateral strike-slip faults extend and rotate the forearc clockwise, absorbing most or all of the arc parallel component of plate convergence. The high rate of forearc deformation implies that the Cascadia forearc may lack the rigidity to generate M > 8.2 earthquakes. From a comparison of Cascadia seismogenic zone geometry to data from circum-Pacific great earthquakes of this century, the maximum Cascadia rupture is estimated to be 500 to 600 km in length, with a 150-400 km rupture length in best agreement with historical data. Close

• 74. [Article] Origin of faults, fissures and volcanic vent alignments at a structural triple junction, Newberry Volcano, central Oregon

  Disclaimer: This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Origin of faults, fissures and volcanic vent alignments at a structural triple junction, Newberry Volcano, central Oregon Author: Meigs, Andrew, Cladouhos, Trenton T., Grasso, Kyla A. Disclaimer: This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof. Title: Origin of faults, fissures and volcanic vent alignments at a structural triple junction, Newberry Volcano, central Oregon Author: Meigs, Andrew, Cladouhos, Trenton T., Grasso, Kyla A. Disclaimer: This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof. Close

• 75. [Article] Summertime water temperature trends in Steamboat Creek Basin, Umpqua National Forest

  The Steamboat Creek basin drains 227 mi² (588 km²) of steep forested terrain into the North Umpqua River of Southwest Oregon, 39 mi (63 km) northeast of Roseburg. Summer base flows for Steamboat Creek ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Summertime water temperature trends in Steamboat Creek Basin, Umpqua National Forest Author: Holaday, Steven A. The Steamboat Creek basin drains 227 mi² (588 km²) of steep forested terrain into the North Umpqua River of Southwest Oregon, 39 mi (63 km) northeast of Roseburg. Summer base flows for Steamboat Creek average 83 cfs (2.35 m³/sec). Steamboat Creek and its tributaries are considered important to the production of summer-run steelhead; the basin has been closed to angling since 1932. Harvesting has occurred in every subdrainage of the Steamboat Creek basin. Trees were routinely removed from riparian areas when harvesting in the basin began in 1955. Since the mid-1970s to early-1980s, however, buffer strips were left adjacent to streams. In addition, the floods of 1964-65 caused significant damage to riparian vegetation in the basin. This study was undertaken to: (1) determine long-term trends over the period 1969-90 of summertime water temperatures in the mainstem of Steamboat Creek, selected tributaries, and in Boulder Creek, an unharvested control stream in an adjacent watershed and (2) evaluate spacial patterns of maximum water temperatures in the Steamboat Creek basin during the summer of 1990. Significant (P≤0.10) trends of decreasing maximum daily summertime stream temperatures on Steamboat Creek and tributaries occurred from 1969-90. In contrast, an unharvested control stream showed a small, but nonsignificant, increasing trend in stream temperatures. The largest decrease in maximum stream temperatures (7 to 11°F, 3.9 to 6.1°C) occurred on small streams with summer base flows less than 6 cfs (0.17 m³/sec). These streams also had the highest proportion of stream length adjacent to harvesting activities before 1974. The smallest decrease in maximum stream temperatures (0 to 3°F, 0 to 1.7°C) occurred on streams with little or no history of timber harvest activity along riparian areas, or at locations where summer base flows were greater than 15 cfs (0.42 m³/sec). Since no trends in either air temperature or streamflow were apparent over the 1969-90 period, regrowth of riparian vegetation that was previously removed by flooding, debris torrents, or streamside harvesting, appears to be the major cause of trends in decreasing maximum summer stream temperature. Regrowth of riparian vegetation provides shade over small streams, decreasing energy input to the stream from solar radiation. Maximum daily stream temperatures in lower Steamboat Creek did not change significantly during the 1969-90 study period and stream temperature data in 1960 indicates that maximum stream temperatures in lower Steamboat Creek have historically been high. Any cooling effects by groundwater or tributaries are largely negated by the large volume of water in the main channel. Also, the large stream width renders riparian vegetation relatively ineffective in protecting the stream from solar radiation. Minimum stream temperatures decreased during the 1969-90 study period for all of the long-term stations in the Steamboat Creek basin while the control stream showed a slight increasing trend. Similarly, diurnal stream temperature fluctuations decreased for several tributaries. Title: Summertime water temperature trends in Steamboat Creek Basin, Umpqua National Forest Author: Holaday, Steven A. The Steamboat Creek basin drains 227 mi² (588 km²) of steep forested terrain into the North Umpqua River of Southwest Oregon, 39 mi (63 km) northeast of Roseburg. Summer base flows for Steamboat Creek average 83 cfs (2.35 m³/sec). Steamboat Creek and its tributaries are considered important to the production of summer-run steelhead; the basin has been closed to angling since 1932. Harvesting has occurred in every subdrainage of the Steamboat Creek basin. Trees were routinely removed from riparian areas when harvesting in the basin began in 1955. Since the mid-1970s to early-1980s, however, buffer strips were left adjacent to streams. In addition, the floods of 1964-65 caused significant damage to riparian vegetation in the basin. This study was undertaken to: (1) determine long-term trends over the period 1969-90 of summertime water temperatures in the mainstem of Steamboat Creek, selected tributaries, and in Boulder Creek, an unharvested control stream in an adjacent watershed and (2) evaluate spacial patterns of maximum water temperatures in the Steamboat Creek basin during the summer of 1990. Significant (P≤0.10) trends of decreasing maximum daily summertime stream temperatures on Steamboat Creek and tributaries occurred from 1969-90. In contrast, an unharvested control stream showed a small, but nonsignificant, increasing trend in stream temperatures. The largest decrease in maximum stream temperatures (7 to 11°F, 3.9 to 6.1°C) occurred on small streams with summer base flows less than 6 cfs (0.17 m³/sec). These streams also had the highest proportion of stream length adjacent to harvesting activities before 1974. The smallest decrease in maximum stream temperatures (0 to 3°F, 0 to 1.7°C) occurred on streams with little or no history of timber harvest activity along riparian areas, or at locations where summer base flows were greater than 15 cfs (0.42 m³/sec). Since no trends in either air temperature or streamflow were apparent over the 1969-90 period, regrowth of riparian vegetation that was previously removed by flooding, debris torrents, or streamside harvesting, appears to be the major cause of trends in decreasing maximum summer stream temperature. Regrowth of riparian vegetation provides shade over small streams, decreasing energy input to the stream from solar radiation. Maximum daily stream temperatures in lower Steamboat Creek did not change significantly during the 1969-90 study period and stream temperature data in 1960 indicates that maximum stream temperatures in lower Steamboat Creek have historically been high. Any cooling effects by groundwater or tributaries are largely negated by the large volume of water in the main channel. Also, the large stream width renders riparian vegetation relatively ineffective in protecting the stream from solar radiation. Minimum stream temperatures decreased during the 1969-90 study period for all of the long-term stations in the Steamboat Creek basin while the control stream showed a slight increasing trend. Similarly, diurnal stream temperature fluctuations decreased for several tributaries. Close

• 76. [Article] Crossing the Transmedia Frontier: The Growing Trend of Transmedia in Music Festivals in the United States

  63 p. A Master’s project presented to the Arts and Administration program of the University of Oregon in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master’s of Science in Arts Management...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Crossing the Transmedia Frontier: The Growing Trend of Transmedia in Music Festivals in the United States Author: Fisher, Alyssa Year: 2011 63 p. A Master’s project presented to the Arts and Administration program of the University of Oregon in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master’s of Science in Arts Management. Title: Crossing the Transmedia Frontier: The Growing Trend of Transmedia in Music Festivals in the United States Author: Fisher, Alyssa Year: 2011 63 p. A Master’s project presented to the Arts and Administration program of the University of Oregon in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master’s of Science in Arts Management. Close

• 77. [Article] Soil moisture depletion trends under five plant species present on the Douglas-fir clear-cuts of Mary's Peak, Oregon

  Soil moisture depletion trends under five plant species growing on the clear-cuts of the Marys Peak Watershed near Corvallis, Oregon, were followed during the summers of 1963 and 1964. The species were ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Soil moisture depletion trends under five plant species present on the Douglas-fir clear-cuts of Mary's Peak, Oregon Author: Drew, Stephen Ernest Soil moisture depletion trends under five plant species growing on the clear-cuts of the Marys Peak Watershed near Corvallis, Oregon, were followed during the summers of 1963 and 1964. The species were Holcus lanatus, Lotus crassifolius var. subglaber, Gaultheria shallon, Berberis nervosa, and Acer circinatum; and were dominant plants of several stages in a successional sere occurring on the clear-cuts. Sampling of the moisture trends was limited to two clear-cut areas in order to reduce the variability due to location. On one area, Gaultheria, Berberis, and Lotus were growing in individual, pure stands. On the other, Acer was growing in closely grouped clumps and Holcus occupied the areas in between, The soil moisture was measured by an electrical resistance method. Plaster-of-paris blocks were installed at 6-, 12-, and 24-inch depths at nine locations in each species. The measurements were taken two or three times a week with an ohmmeter and expressed as an average in terms of atmospheres of tension for each day and depth. Supporting information on the precipitation, root distribution, and soils was also obtained. A root count for roots less than two millimeters in diameter was made from the face of a trench dug in each species. Soil descriptions made of the trench profiles, a particle size analysis, and 15 atmospheres determinations indicated that the soils of the two clear-cuts were similar. Each species had characteristic moisture depletion trends during the two years. Trends for Gaultheria indicated slow rates of moisture loss at all three depths and very little influence of precipitation. Gaultheria, an evergreen shrub, has thick, leathery leaves (characteristics which are generally associated with few stomata) and has a long period during which new stems emerge. The roots were concentrated near the surface just under the one and half to two inches of litter, and a few were growing inside large, dead roots of Douglas-fir. Depletion trends associated with Berberis were similar to Gaultheria except moisture losses at the 6-inch depth were more rapid. Berberis plants are also evergreen shrubs and have thick, leathery leaves but grow during a short period in the spring. Most of the roots developed in the top few inches of soil. Litter accumulation was slightly less (one to one and a half inches) and was not as uniformly distributed. Under Lotus, moisture trends at 6 and 12 inches fluctuated considerably. Depletion rates were rapid at all three depths. Lotus, a herbaceous species, grew quickly and flowered in the spring, then died back in mid-summer, evidently allowing increased infiltration of the rainfall. The rhizomes penetrated throughout the profile. Litter accumulation was about an inch, and the soil surface was somewhat rocky. Holcus trends at 6 and 12 inches showed an early and rapid moisture loss but a slightly delayed and slower loss at 24 inches. Holcus, a perennial bunch grass, also grew rapidly in the spring and then died back about mid-summer. Regrowth occurred following a substantial rainfall. The erect culms and dense mat of grass leaves (about two inches) surrounding the base of each plant created high air temperatures which may have caused high evapo-transpiration rates. Root concentration was greatest near the surface and decreased sharply with depth. Moisture losses under Acer were rapid at all three depths and very consistent without any fluctuations. Acer clumps grew during the spring and maintained their leaves throughout the summer. Such comparatively large plants (six to seven feet high) evidently had a high transpirational stress, and along with the one to two inches of litter, intercepted most of the precipitation. Root concentration decreased gradually with depth. This study provides a partial explanation for the replacement of Holcus by Lotus. It appears that Lotus is able to invade Holcus by producing rhizomes which grow underneath the dense root system of Holcus and utilize the moisture there. Lotus then increases in dominance by sending up shoots from the rhizomes. Possible explanations for the replacement of other species were not evident; however, there were some interesting correlations of the results with the sequence. With each advancing stage the depletion trends became more consistent. And, except for Lotus which had the smallest number of roots, the root count decreased with each advancing stage. The decrease was a reflection of an increase in the relative size of the roots. Results of this study are applicable to forest regeneration problems. In terms of influence upon soil moisture Acer stands would be very competitive with tree seedlings. Holcus and Lotus stands would also be competitive, Lotus perhaps more so at the deeper levels. Gaultheria and Berberís stands, on the other hand, would not be nearly as detrimental to tree seedling establishment. Title: Soil moisture depletion trends under five plant species present on the Douglas-fir clear-cuts of Mary's Peak, Oregon Author: Drew, Stephen Ernest Soil moisture depletion trends under five plant species growing on the clear-cuts of the Marys Peak Watershed near Corvallis, Oregon, were followed during the summers of 1963 and 1964. The species were Holcus lanatus, Lotus crassifolius var. subglaber, Gaultheria shallon, Berberis nervosa, and Acer circinatum; and were dominant plants of several stages in a successional sere occurring on the clear-cuts. Sampling of the moisture trends was limited to two clear-cut areas in order to reduce the variability due to location. On one area, Gaultheria, Berberis, and Lotus were growing in individual, pure stands. On the other, Acer was growing in closely grouped clumps and Holcus occupied the areas in between, The soil moisture was measured by an electrical resistance method. Plaster-of-paris blocks were installed at 6-, 12-, and 24-inch depths at nine locations in each species. The measurements were taken two or three times a week with an ohmmeter and expressed as an average in terms of atmospheres of tension for each day and depth. Supporting information on the precipitation, root distribution, and soils was also obtained. A root count for roots less than two millimeters in diameter was made from the face of a trench dug in each species. Soil descriptions made of the trench profiles, a particle size analysis, and 15 atmospheres determinations indicated that the soils of the two clear-cuts were similar. Each species had characteristic moisture depletion trends during the two years. Trends for Gaultheria indicated slow rates of moisture loss at all three depths and very little influence of precipitation. Gaultheria, an evergreen shrub, has thick, leathery leaves (characteristics which are generally associated with few stomata) and has a long period during which new stems emerge. The roots were concentrated near the surface just under the one and half to two inches of litter, and a few were growing inside large, dead roots of Douglas-fir. Depletion trends associated with Berberis were similar to Gaultheria except moisture losses at the 6-inch depth were more rapid. Berberis plants are also evergreen shrubs and have thick, leathery leaves but grow during a short period in the spring. Most of the roots developed in the top few inches of soil. Litter accumulation was slightly less (one to one and a half inches) and was not as uniformly distributed. Under Lotus, moisture trends at 6 and 12 inches fluctuated considerably. Depletion rates were rapid at all three depths. Lotus, a herbaceous species, grew quickly and flowered in the spring, then died back in mid-summer, evidently allowing increased infiltration of the rainfall. The rhizomes penetrated throughout the profile. Litter accumulation was about an inch, and the soil surface was somewhat rocky. Holcus trends at 6 and 12 inches showed an early and rapid moisture loss but a slightly delayed and slower loss at 24 inches. Holcus, a perennial bunch grass, also grew rapidly in the spring and then died back about mid-summer. Regrowth occurred following a substantial rainfall. The erect culms and dense mat of grass leaves (about two inches) surrounding the base of each plant created high air temperatures which may have caused high evapo-transpiration rates. Root concentration was greatest near the surface and decreased sharply with depth. Moisture losses under Acer were rapid at all three depths and very consistent without any fluctuations. Acer clumps grew during the spring and maintained their leaves throughout the summer. Such comparatively large plants (six to seven feet high) evidently had a high transpirational stress, and along with the one to two inches of litter, intercepted most of the precipitation. Root concentration decreased gradually with depth. This study provides a partial explanation for the replacement of Holcus by Lotus. It appears that Lotus is able to invade Holcus by producing rhizomes which grow underneath the dense root system of Holcus and utilize the moisture there. Lotus then increases in dominance by sending up shoots from the rhizomes. Possible explanations for the replacement of other species were not evident; however, there were some interesting correlations of the results with the sequence. With each advancing stage the depletion trends became more consistent. And, except for Lotus which had the smallest number of roots, the root count decreased with each advancing stage. The decrease was a reflection of an increase in the relative size of the roots. Results of this study are applicable to forest regeneration problems. In terms of influence upon soil moisture Acer stands would be very competitive with tree seedlings. Holcus and Lotus stands would also be competitive, Lotus perhaps more so at the deeper levels. Gaultheria and Berberís stands, on the other hand, would not be nearly as detrimental to tree seedling establishment. Close

• 78. [Article] Trends in Marketing for Books on Animal Rights

  Though many of us have heard the mantra that we shouldn’t judge a book by its cover, marketers in book publishing bank on the fact that people do and will continue to buy and read books based not only ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Trends in Marketing for Books on Animal Rights Author: Mulvihill, Gloria H. Year: 2017 Though many of us have heard the mantra that we shouldn’t judge a book by its cover, marketers in book publishing bank on the fact that people do and will continue to buy and read books based not only on content, but its aesthetic appeal. This essay will examine the top four marketing trends that can be observed on the Amazon listings for books published on animal rights within the last ten years, specifically relating to titles, cover design, and the intended audience. From graphic adaptations of animals to traditional textbook approaches and animal photography, publishers are striving to evoke interest and investment in literature concerning a politically charged and inherently personal topic. This essay will outline the overarching trends in marketing strategies, who the probable intended audiences are, and how publishers can rework their strategies and broaden their reach to increase readership and more effectively convey the messages in their books—hopefully effecting change within society, as their authors intended. Title: Trends in Marketing for Books on Animal Rights Author: Mulvihill, Gloria H. Year: 2017 Though many of us have heard the mantra that we shouldn’t judge a book by its cover, marketers in book publishing bank on the fact that people do and will continue to buy and read books based not only on content, but its aesthetic appeal. This essay will examine the top four marketing trends that can be observed on the Amazon listings for books published on animal rights within the last ten years, specifically relating to titles, cover design, and the intended audience. From graphic adaptations of animals to traditional textbook approaches and animal photography, publishers are striving to evoke interest and investment in literature concerning a politically charged and inherently personal topic. This essay will outline the overarching trends in marketing strategies, who the probable intended audiences are, and how publishers can rework their strategies and broaden their reach to increase readership and more effectively convey the messages in their books—hopefully effecting change within society, as their authors intended. Close

• 79. [Article] The geology of the Floras Creek area, Curry County, Oregon

  The Floras Creek area, east of the town of Langlois, near the southwest Oregon coast, includes Colebrooke Schist (a klippe of metamorphosed pelitic sediments of Jurassic age), Jurassic Otter Point Formation ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The geology of the Floras Creek area, Curry County, Oregon Author: Bounds, Jon Dudley Year: 1982 The Floras Creek area, east of the town of Langlois, near the southwest Oregon coast, includes Colebrooke Schist (a klippe of metamorphosed pelitic sediments of Jurassic age), Jurassic Otter Point Formation (a melange complex), and lower the middle Eocene Roseburg and Lookingglass Formations, part of a sandstone-shale sequence occurring more extensively in other areas. The Colebrooke Schist occurs in the south-central part of the area, bounded on the Otter Point and Roseburg. The Lookingglass is exposed as a small (1.5 sq. km) block in the north-north-west part of the area. Two major structural trends are found in the Floras Creek area; an older Mesozoic east-west normal fault trend which is truncated by younger serpentinitefilled, north-south shear zones. The younger fault trend was active into the Tertiary as the faults cut the Eocene. Detrital modal analyses of sandstones suggest that the Otter Point is related to the coeval Dothan Formation of the interior Klamath Mountains, in the same way that the Franciscan is related to the Great Valley sequence in California. The detrital modal analysis indicates that the Otter Point is trench-slope deposited sediments as is the Franciscan and the Dothan is forearc basin deposits similar to the Great Valley. Title: The geology of the Floras Creek area, Curry County, Oregon Author: Bounds, Jon Dudley Year: 1982 The Floras Creek area, east of the town of Langlois, near the southwest Oregon coast, includes Colebrooke Schist (a klippe of metamorphosed pelitic sediments of Jurassic age), Jurassic Otter Point Formation (a melange complex), and lower the middle Eocene Roseburg and Lookingglass Formations, part of a sandstone-shale sequence occurring more extensively in other areas. The Colebrooke Schist occurs in the south-central part of the area, bounded on the Otter Point and Roseburg. The Lookingglass is exposed as a small (1.5 sq. km) block in the north-north-west part of the area. Two major structural trends are found in the Floras Creek area; an older Mesozoic east-west normal fault trend which is truncated by younger serpentinitefilled, north-south shear zones. The younger fault trend was active into the Tertiary as the faults cut the Eocene. Detrital modal analyses of sandstones suggest that the Otter Point is related to the coeval Dothan Formation of the interior Klamath Mountains, in the same way that the Franciscan is related to the Great Valley sequence in California. The detrital modal analysis indicates that the Otter Point is trench-slope deposited sediments as is the Franciscan and the Dothan is forearc basin deposits similar to the Great Valley. Close

• 80. [Article] Trends in Vacant Single Family Land Values Portland, Oregon 1990 to 2005

  The purpose of this report is to summarize price trends from 1990 to 2005 in vacant land zoned for single family development in the Portland region. While regional housing prices are compiled, tracked, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Trends in Vacant Single Family Land Values Portland, Oregon 1990 to 2005 Author: Hall, John L., Mildner, Gerard C. Year: 2006 The purpose of this report is to summarize price trends from 1990 to 2005 in vacant land zoned for single family development in the Portland region. While regional housing prices are compiled, tracked, and reported on a regular basis by sources like the Regional Multiple Listing Service (RMLS), information on trends in vacant land sales remains dispersed among independent builders, county assessors, and appraisers. As a consequence, while current and accurate information exits to inform a discussion about regional and local housing policy, relatively limited information exists on which to base discussions of regional and local land policies. Title: Trends in Vacant Single Family Land Values Portland, Oregon 1990 to 2005 Author: Hall, John L., Mildner, Gerard C. Year: 2006 The purpose of this report is to summarize price trends from 1990 to 2005 in vacant land zoned for single family development in the Portland region. While regional housing prices are compiled, tracked, and reported on a regular basis by sources like the Regional Multiple Listing Service (RMLS), information on trends in vacant land sales remains dispersed among independent builders, county assessors, and appraisers. As a consequence, while current and accurate information exits to inform a discussion about regional and local housing policy, relatively limited information exists on which to base discussions of regional and local land policies. Close