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• 71. [Article] People, Fire, and Forests: A Synthesis of Wildfire Social Science

  240 p.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: People, Fire, and Forests: A Synthesis of Wildfire Social Science Author: Daniel, Terry C., Carroll, Matthew S. (Matthew Stephen), Moseley, Cassandra Year: 2007 240 p. Title: People, Fire, and Forests: A Synthesis of Wildfire Social Science Author: Daniel, Terry C., Carroll, Matthew S. (Matthew Stephen), Moseley, Cassandra Year: 2007 240 p. Close

• 72. [Article] Characterization of fire effects on forest ecosystems in the Tillamook Forest, Oregon

  From the 1920's through 1951 several severe fires occurred in the predominantly conifer forest ecosystems of the northern Oregon Coast Range. Of the 211,151 ha. of mapped area, 57 percent was burned. The ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Characterization of fire effects on forest ecosystems in the Tillamook Forest, Oregon Author: Chen, Shu-Huei From the 1920's through 1951 several severe fires occurred in the predominantly conifer forest ecosystems of the northern Oregon Coast Range. Of the 211,151 ha. of mapped area, 57 percent was burned. The effects of frequent fires with high severity on forest ecosystems over time at the landscape level is not fully understood. A reconstruction of fire history was conducted to help investigate the effects of fire severity, frequency, and area extent on distribution of postfire tree regeneration, species composition, and stand tree size, as well as on current species composition and stand tree size. I hypothesized that: 1) vegetation patterns (1950's and 1988) would vary with time, because the persistence of disturbance effects (fire, logging, reforestation) on forest vegetative responses varied, and 2) environmental controls (topography, soil, climate) would become the primary influences when disturbance events were absent. In this study historical maps, sketches and notes were used to reconstruct spatial and temporal patterns of fires from the 1920's to 1951 and to identify unburned patches on a Geographic Information System. Relationships between fire regime and postfire and current vegetative patterns were tested. Constructing precise spatial data layers from early maps, produced before the availability of aerial photography or satellite image, was difficult. Historical map accuracy and quality were variable and poor by present day standards. Geographic reference points were used to transform inappropriate map scales. The reconstruction of spatial data was used to characterize spatial patterns of historic fires: my estimates of burn areas were similar to estimates in the literature. To reduce questionable data along fire and vegetation patch boundaries for hypothesis testing, an exclusion approach was used. Data within a 100 m width of fire and vegetation type boundary lines were called a fuzzy zone and removed from raw data. The distribution of various attributes in the reduced data was similar to the distribution of the complete data set. Regression analysis examined the effects of fire, logging, reforestation, topography, climate, and soil type on vegetation patterns. Patterns of postfire (1950's) species composition, tree regeneration and tree size (DBH) were associated with the effects of fires, as well as influences of logging and soil type. Indices of fire occurrences (reflecting the time variation and severity of fires) frequently correlated to the 1950's vegetation patterns. The number of fires (frequency) did not cause great differences in vegetation patterns. Current (1988) species composition and tree size (after absence of fire for more than three decades) were correlated more with terrain variables. Plant succession also influenced the current vegetation patterns. Neither the date or number of fires caused marked differences in distribution of species and tree size, except large conifers were found in areas missed by fires. Postfire and current vegetation patterns were correlated with soil types which reflect the influence of topographic and climatic characteristics. However, historic fires occurred frequently on some soil types. Fires have a confounding influence on soil type. This confounding influence of fire on soil type cannot be avoided. Reforestation efforts appeared to have little influence on the postfire and current vegetation patterns. I inferred that the short time period of reforestation effects did not show its importance on the 1950's vegetation landscape. Although regression analysis results did not support my hypothesis, by 1988, reforested area in the northern Coast Range had increased since 1950's. Most of the large fire-open patches became mixed forest in about 3 decades may still relate to the force of reforestation. On private unburned ownerships conifer forests in 1955 were subsequently cut and replaced by mostly mixed forest by 1988. The analysis supported the hypotheses that soil type, aspect and plant succession were dominant influences on current (1988) vegetation patterns, while forest disturbances such as fire and logging were important influences on the immediate postfire (1950's) patterns. The results not only interpret the relationship between historic disturbances and vegetation distribution, but may also serve as a useful background for the management of the future forest landscape. Title: Characterization of fire effects on forest ecosystems in the Tillamook Forest, Oregon Author: Chen, Shu-Huei From the 1920's through 1951 several severe fires occurred in the predominantly conifer forest ecosystems of the northern Oregon Coast Range. Of the 211,151 ha. of mapped area, 57 percent was burned. The effects of frequent fires with high severity on forest ecosystems over time at the landscape level is not fully understood. A reconstruction of fire history was conducted to help investigate the effects of fire severity, frequency, and area extent on distribution of postfire tree regeneration, species composition, and stand tree size, as well as on current species composition and stand tree size. I hypothesized that: 1) vegetation patterns (1950's and 1988) would vary with time, because the persistence of disturbance effects (fire, logging, reforestation) on forest vegetative responses varied, and 2) environmental controls (topography, soil, climate) would become the primary influences when disturbance events were absent. In this study historical maps, sketches and notes were used to reconstruct spatial and temporal patterns of fires from the 1920's to 1951 and to identify unburned patches on a Geographic Information System. Relationships between fire regime and postfire and current vegetative patterns were tested. Constructing precise spatial data layers from early maps, produced before the availability of aerial photography or satellite image, was difficult. Historical map accuracy and quality were variable and poor by present day standards. Geographic reference points were used to transform inappropriate map scales. The reconstruction of spatial data was used to characterize spatial patterns of historic fires: my estimates of burn areas were similar to estimates in the literature. To reduce questionable data along fire and vegetation patch boundaries for hypothesis testing, an exclusion approach was used. Data within a 100 m width of fire and vegetation type boundary lines were called a fuzzy zone and removed from raw data. The distribution of various attributes in the reduced data was similar to the distribution of the complete data set. Regression analysis examined the effects of fire, logging, reforestation, topography, climate, and soil type on vegetation patterns. Patterns of postfire (1950's) species composition, tree regeneration and tree size (DBH) were associated with the effects of fires, as well as influences of logging and soil type. Indices of fire occurrences (reflecting the time variation and severity of fires) frequently correlated to the 1950's vegetation patterns. The number of fires (frequency) did not cause great differences in vegetation patterns. Current (1988) species composition and tree size (after absence of fire for more than three decades) were correlated more with terrain variables. Plant succession also influenced the current vegetation patterns. Neither the date or number of fires caused marked differences in distribution of species and tree size, except large conifers were found in areas missed by fires. Postfire and current vegetation patterns were correlated with soil types which reflect the influence of topographic and climatic characteristics. However, historic fires occurred frequently on some soil types. Fires have a confounding influence on soil type. This confounding influence of fire on soil type cannot be avoided. Reforestation efforts appeared to have little influence on the postfire and current vegetation patterns. I inferred that the short time period of reforestation effects did not show its importance on the 1950's vegetation landscape. Although regression analysis results did not support my hypothesis, by 1988, reforested area in the northern Coast Range had increased since 1950's. Most of the large fire-open patches became mixed forest in about 3 decades may still relate to the force of reforestation. On private unburned ownerships conifer forests in 1955 were subsequently cut and replaced by mostly mixed forest by 1988. The analysis supported the hypotheses that soil type, aspect and plant succession were dominant influences on current (1988) vegetation patterns, while forest disturbances such as fire and logging were important influences on the immediate postfire (1950's) patterns. The results not only interpret the relationship between historic disturbances and vegetation distribution, but may also serve as a useful background for the management of the future forest landscape. Close

• 73. [Article] Age structure, developmental pathways, and fire regime characterization of Douglas-fir/western hemlock forests in the central western Cascades of Oregon

  Descriptions of the fire regime in the Douglas-fir/western hemlock region of the Pacific Northwest traditionally have emphasized infrequent, predominantly stand-replacement fires and an associated linear ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Age structure, developmental pathways, and fire regime characterization of Douglas-fir/western hemlock forests in the central western Cascades of Oregon Author: Tepley, Alan J. Descriptions of the fire regime in the Douglas-fir/western hemlock region of the Pacific Northwest traditionally have emphasized infrequent, predominantly stand-replacement fires and an associated linear pathway of stand development, where all stands proceed along a common pathway until reset by the next fire. Although such a description may apply in wetter parts of the region, recent fire-history research suggests drier parts of the region support a mixed-severity regime, where most fires have substantial representation of all severity classes and most stands experience at least one non-stand-replacing fire between stand-replacement events. This study combines field and modeling approaches to better understand the complex fire regime in the central western Cascades of Oregon. Stand-structure data and ages of more than 3,000 trees were collected at 124 stands throughout two study areas with physiography representative of western and eastern portions of the western Cascade Range. Major objectives were to (1) develop a conceptual model of fire-mediated pathways of stand development, (2) determine the strengths of influences of topography on spatial variation in the fire regime, (3) provide a stronger understanding of modeling approaches commonly used to gain insight into historical landscape structure, and (4) develop methods to predict trajectories of change in landscape age structure under a non-stationary fire regime. In the study area, non-stand-replacing fire interspersed with infrequent, stand-replacement events led to a variety of even-aged and multi-cohort stands. The majority of stands (75%) had two or more age cohorts, where post-fire cohorts were dominated either by shade-intolerant species or shade-tolerant species, depending largely on fire severity. Age structure, used as a proxy for the cumulative effects of fire on stand development, showed a moderately strong relationship to topography overall, but relationships were strongest at both extremes of a continuum of the influences of fire frequency and severity on stand development and relatively weak in the middle. High topographic relief in the eastern part of the western Cascades may amplify variation in microclimate and fuel moisture, leading to a finer-scale spatial variation in fire spread and behavior, and thus a broader range of stand age structures and stronger fidelity of age structure to slope position and terrain shape in the deeply dissected terrain of the eastern part of the western Cascades than in the gentler terrain of the western part. In the modeling component of my research, I was able to use analytical procedures to reproduce much of the output provided by a stochastic, spatial simulation model previously applied to evaluate historical landscape structure of the Oregon Coast Range. The analytical approximation provides an explicit representation of the effects of input parameters and interactions among them. The increased transparency of model function given by such an analysis may facilitate communication of model output and uncertainty among ecologists and forest managers. Analytical modeling approaches were expanded to characterize trajectories of change in forest age structure in response to changes in the fire regime. Following a change in fire frequency, the proportion of the landscape covered by stands of a given age class is expected to change along a non-monotonic trajectory rather than transition directly to its equilibrium abundance under the new regime. Under some scenarios of change in fire frequency, the time for the expected age distribution of a landscape to converge to the equilibrium distribution of the new regime can be determined based only on the magnitude of change in fire frequency, regardless of the initial value or the direction of change. The theoretical modeling exercises provide insight into historical trends in the study area. Compiled across all sample sites, the age distribution of Douglas-fir trees was strongly bimodal. Peaks of establishment dates in the 16th and 19th centuries were synchronous between the two study areas, and each peak of Douglas-fir establishment coincides with one of the two periods of region-wide extensive fire identified in a previous synthesis of fire-history studies. The modeling exercises support the development of such a bimodal age distribution in response to centennial-scale changes in fire frequency, and they illustrate how the relative abundance of different stand-structure types may have varied over the last several centuries. Title: Age structure, developmental pathways, and fire regime characterization of Douglas-fir/western hemlock forests in the central western Cascades of Oregon Author: Tepley, Alan J. Descriptions of the fire regime in the Douglas-fir/western hemlock region of the Pacific Northwest traditionally have emphasized infrequent, predominantly stand-replacement fires and an associated linear pathway of stand development, where all stands proceed along a common pathway until reset by the next fire. Although such a description may apply in wetter parts of the region, recent fire-history research suggests drier parts of the region support a mixed-severity regime, where most fires have substantial representation of all severity classes and most stands experience at least one non-stand-replacing fire between stand-replacement events. This study combines field and modeling approaches to better understand the complex fire regime in the central western Cascades of Oregon. Stand-structure data and ages of more than 3,000 trees were collected at 124 stands throughout two study areas with physiography representative of western and eastern portions of the western Cascade Range. Major objectives were to (1) develop a conceptual model of fire-mediated pathways of stand development, (2) determine the strengths of influences of topography on spatial variation in the fire regime, (3) provide a stronger understanding of modeling approaches commonly used to gain insight into historical landscape structure, and (4) develop methods to predict trajectories of change in landscape age structure under a non-stationary fire regime. In the study area, non-stand-replacing fire interspersed with infrequent, stand-replacement events led to a variety of even-aged and multi-cohort stands. The majority of stands (75%) had two or more age cohorts, where post-fire cohorts were dominated either by shade-intolerant species or shade-tolerant species, depending largely on fire severity. Age structure, used as a proxy for the cumulative effects of fire on stand development, showed a moderately strong relationship to topography overall, but relationships were strongest at both extremes of a continuum of the influences of fire frequency and severity on stand development and relatively weak in the middle. High topographic relief in the eastern part of the western Cascades may amplify variation in microclimate and fuel moisture, leading to a finer-scale spatial variation in fire spread and behavior, and thus a broader range of stand age structures and stronger fidelity of age structure to slope position and terrain shape in the deeply dissected terrain of the eastern part of the western Cascades than in the gentler terrain of the western part. In the modeling component of my research, I was able to use analytical procedures to reproduce much of the output provided by a stochastic, spatial simulation model previously applied to evaluate historical landscape structure of the Oregon Coast Range. The analytical approximation provides an explicit representation of the effects of input parameters and interactions among them. The increased transparency of model function given by such an analysis may facilitate communication of model output and uncertainty among ecologists and forest managers. Analytical modeling approaches were expanded to characterize trajectories of change in forest age structure in response to changes in the fire regime. Following a change in fire frequency, the proportion of the landscape covered by stands of a given age class is expected to change along a non-monotonic trajectory rather than transition directly to its equilibrium abundance under the new regime. Under some scenarios of change in fire frequency, the time for the expected age distribution of a landscape to converge to the equilibrium distribution of the new regime can be determined based only on the magnitude of change in fire frequency, regardless of the initial value or the direction of change. The theoretical modeling exercises provide insight into historical trends in the study area. Compiled across all sample sites, the age distribution of Douglas-fir trees was strongly bimodal. Peaks of establishment dates in the 16th and 19th centuries were synchronous between the two study areas, and each peak of Douglas-fir establishment coincides with one of the two periods of region-wide extensive fire identified in a previous synthesis of fire-history studies. The modeling exercises support the development of such a bimodal age distribution in response to centennial-scale changes in fire frequency, and they illustrate how the relative abundance of different stand-structure types may have varied over the last several centuries. Close

• 74. [Article] Contract and Federal Wildland Firefighters: a Review of Local Opportunity, Job Quality, and Safety

  7 p.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Contract and Federal Wildland Firefighters: a Review of Local Opportunity, Job Quality, and Safety Author: Pomeroy, Alaina, Moseley, Cassandra Year: 2008, 2007 7 p. Title: Contract and Federal Wildland Firefighters: a Review of Local Opportunity, Job Quality, and Safety Author: Pomeroy, Alaina, Moseley, Cassandra Year: 2008, 2007 7 p. Close

• 75. [Article] Rangeland fire protection associations : an alternative model of wildfire response

  2 pages

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Rangeland fire protection associations : an alternative model of wildfire response Author: Davis, Emily Jane, Abrams, Jesse, Wollstein, Katherine, Meacham, James E., Steingisser, Alethea Y., 1970-, Cerveny, Lee K. Year: 2017 2 pages Title: Rangeland fire protection associations : an alternative model of wildfire response Author: Davis, Emily Jane, Abrams, Jesse, Wollstein, Katherine, Meacham, James E., Steingisser, Alethea Y., 1970-, Cerveny, Lee K. Year: 2017 2 pages Close

• 76. [Article] Long and Short-Term Effects of Fire on Soil Charcoal of a Conifer Forest in Southwest Oregon

  To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Multidisciplinary ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Long and Short-Term Effects of Fire on Soil Charcoal of a Conifer Forest in Southwest Oregon Author: Darbyshire, Robyn, Morrissette, Brett, Pingree, Melissa R. A., Homann, Peter S. To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute and can be found at: [link to http://www.mdpi.com/. Title: Long and Short-Term Effects of Fire on Soil Charcoal of a Conifer Forest in Southwest Oregon Author: Darbyshire, Robyn, Morrissette, Brett, Pingree, Melissa R. A., Homann, Peter S. To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute and can be found at: [link to http://www.mdpi.com/. Close

• 77. [Article] Report of the forest fuels and hazard mitigation committee to the Oregon Department of Forestry and Oregon Fire Program Review

  Many Oregon communities face serious and growing risks from wildfires. These fires are increasingly large and severe after many decades of fire suppression and land use changes, flammable fuel buildups ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Report of the forest fuels and hazard mitigation committee to the Oregon Department of Forestry and Oregon Fire Program Review Author: Institute for Natural Resources, Behan, Jeff, Lynn, Kathy Many Oregon communities face serious and growing risks from wildfires. These fires are increasingly large and severe after many decades of fire suppression and land use changes, flammable fuel buildups and interactions with climate. The wildland-urban interface (WUI) continues to expand as people relocate to rural areas where they often expect structural fire protection similar to what they experienced in cities. But conditions are different in rural communities located in fire-prone forests. The risk of severe wildfire is greater and limited resources are available to deal with severe fires when they break out. Fire prevention and suppression without vegetation management to reduce accumulated fuels has and will result in a continuation of uncharacteristically severe, stand-replacing wildfires, particularly in eastern and southwestern Oregon. These fires are difficult and expensive to control. They also place firefighters at high risk. Federal, state and rural fire protection agencies are struggling to cope as wildfire threats, costs, and the scope of protection responsibilities continue to increase. Federal agencies have initiated efforts to reduce hazardous fuels and increase community wildfire readiness as directed by the 2000 National Fire Plan (NFP) and 2003 Healthy Forests Restoration Act (HFRA). These mandates are now being implemented at multiple levels with every effort to coordinate for greater efficiency. As part of the 2004 Oregon Fire Program Review, the Oregon Department of Forestry (ODF) formed the Forest Fuels and Hazard Mitigation (FFHM) Committee to assess hazardous fuel loading issues, and recommend ways to reduce risk, and improve and strengthen the multiple hazard mitigation strategies in Oregon. Title: Report of the forest fuels and hazard mitigation committee to the Oregon Department of Forestry and Oregon Fire Program Review Author: Institute for Natural Resources, Behan, Jeff, Lynn, Kathy Many Oregon communities face serious and growing risks from wildfires. These fires are increasingly large and severe after many decades of fire suppression and land use changes, flammable fuel buildups and interactions with climate. The wildland-urban interface (WUI) continues to expand as people relocate to rural areas where they often expect structural fire protection similar to what they experienced in cities. But conditions are different in rural communities located in fire-prone forests. The risk of severe wildfire is greater and limited resources are available to deal with severe fires when they break out. Fire prevention and suppression without vegetation management to reduce accumulated fuels has and will result in a continuation of uncharacteristically severe, stand-replacing wildfires, particularly in eastern and southwestern Oregon. These fires are difficult and expensive to control. They also place firefighters at high risk. Federal, state and rural fire protection agencies are struggling to cope as wildfire threats, costs, and the scope of protection responsibilities continue to increase. Federal agencies have initiated efforts to reduce hazardous fuels and increase community wildfire readiness as directed by the 2000 National Fire Plan (NFP) and 2003 Healthy Forests Restoration Act (HFRA). These mandates are now being implemented at multiple levels with every effort to coordinate for greater efficiency. As part of the 2004 Oregon Fire Program Review, the Oregon Department of Forestry (ODF) formed the Forest Fuels and Hazard Mitigation (FFHM) Committee to assess hazardous fuel loading issues, and recommend ways to reduce risk, and improve and strengthen the multiple hazard mitigation strategies in Oregon. Close

• 78. [Article] Chaparral history, dynamics, and response to disturbance in southwest Oregon : insights from age structure

  Fuels management on Bureau of Land Management lands in SW Oregon, USA, is motivated by the needs to reduce fire hazard and restore ecosystems thought to be impacted by fire suppression. Chaparral is one ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Chaparral history, dynamics, and response to disturbance in southwest Oregon : insights from age structure Author: Duren, Olivia Fuels management on Bureau of Land Management lands in SW Oregon, USA, is motivated by the needs to reduce fire hazard and restore ecosystems thought to be impacted by fire suppression. Chaparral is one of the most characteristic vegetation communities of SW Oregon's interior valleys, and extensive acreages within this system are targeted annually for fuels treatment. However, this community is also poorly understood. Little is known about its response to fire suppression, and the assumptions justifying the need for fuels reduction and on which treatment prescriptions are based are extrapolations from other ecosystems. I studied patterns in chaparral age structure of two obligate-seeding shrubs, Arctostaphylos viscida C. Parry and Ceanothus cuneatus (Hook.) Nutt., for insights into the influences of environment and the two dominant disturbances in SW Oregon, fire and grazing, on population structure and dynamics. My 31 low to mid-elevation study sites represent four chaparral 'types' and a range in times since fire (22 yr to > 114 yr). My study area is near the northernmost extension of the California chaparral vegetation type, and results indicate that SW Oregon chaparral populations diverge from studied California chaparral populations in several fundamental ways. All stands unburned for > 30 yr were uneven-aged due to prolific recruitment in the absence of fire and appreciable fire survivorship. Relatively high shrub densities were associated with even-aged sites, but these sites were all young (< 30 yr) and density declined the longer stands were unburned. No relationships were detected between site environment or disturbance history and age structure in general, or the relative amount of fire-free recruitment or fire survivorship in particular. Results suggest that most, if not all, chaparral stands would over time develop uneven-aged structure across the range of environments represented in the study area. Current fuels treatment prescriptions in SW Oregon chaparral are predicated on the assumption that fire suppression has replaced naturally high-frequency, low-severity fires with less frequent and higher-severity fires due to an unnatural accumulation of fuels. However, it appears that this model is not appropriate for chaparral vegetation. Chaparral has apparently experienced a fire regime that is distinct from that of adjacent vegetation communities, and fire suppression does not appear to have altered overall chaparral structure or fire severity. Current fuels treatments are unlikely to reproduce stand structures observed in mature chaparral or in post-wildfire stands. Rather, fuels treatments are likely to alter the trajectory of chaparral development that appears to have been in place for the last century. Results clearly illuminate that chaparral encompasses a wide range of structures and responses to environment and disturbance, and imply that precepts of chaparral ecology and management should be tailored on a geographic basis. Results also underscore the need for management objectives to recognize differences among vegetation communities in complex environments. Title: Chaparral history, dynamics, and response to disturbance in southwest Oregon : insights from age structure Author: Duren, Olivia Fuels management on Bureau of Land Management lands in SW Oregon, USA, is motivated by the needs to reduce fire hazard and restore ecosystems thought to be impacted by fire suppression. Chaparral is one of the most characteristic vegetation communities of SW Oregon's interior valleys, and extensive acreages within this system are targeted annually for fuels treatment. However, this community is also poorly understood. Little is known about its response to fire suppression, and the assumptions justifying the need for fuels reduction and on which treatment prescriptions are based are extrapolations from other ecosystems. I studied patterns in chaparral age structure of two obligate-seeding shrubs, Arctostaphylos viscida C. Parry and Ceanothus cuneatus (Hook.) Nutt., for insights into the influences of environment and the two dominant disturbances in SW Oregon, fire and grazing, on population structure and dynamics. My 31 low to mid-elevation study sites represent four chaparral 'types' and a range in times since fire (22 yr to > 114 yr). My study area is near the northernmost extension of the California chaparral vegetation type, and results indicate that SW Oregon chaparral populations diverge from studied California chaparral populations in several fundamental ways. All stands unburned for > 30 yr were uneven-aged due to prolific recruitment in the absence of fire and appreciable fire survivorship. Relatively high shrub densities were associated with even-aged sites, but these sites were all young (< 30 yr) and density declined the longer stands were unburned. No relationships were detected between site environment or disturbance history and age structure in general, or the relative amount of fire-free recruitment or fire survivorship in particular. Results suggest that most, if not all, chaparral stands would over time develop uneven-aged structure across the range of environments represented in the study area. Current fuels treatment prescriptions in SW Oregon chaparral are predicated on the assumption that fire suppression has replaced naturally high-frequency, low-severity fires with less frequent and higher-severity fires due to an unnatural accumulation of fuels. However, it appears that this model is not appropriate for chaparral vegetation. Chaparral has apparently experienced a fire regime that is distinct from that of adjacent vegetation communities, and fire suppression does not appear to have altered overall chaparral structure or fire severity. Current fuels treatments are unlikely to reproduce stand structures observed in mature chaparral or in post-wildfire stands. Rather, fuels treatments are likely to alter the trajectory of chaparral development that appears to have been in place for the last century. Results clearly illuminate that chaparral encompasses a wide range of structures and responses to environment and disturbance, and imply that precepts of chaparral ecology and management should be tailored on a geographic basis. Results also underscore the need for management objectives to recognize differences among vegetation communities in complex environments. Close

• 79. [Article] Post-fire logging produces minimal persistent impacts on understory vegetation in northeastern Oregon, USA

  To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The article is pbulished by Elsevier and can be ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Post-fire logging produces minimal persistent impacts on understory vegetation in northeastern Oregon, USA Author: Peterson, David W., Dodson, Erich Kyle To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The article is pbulished by Elsevier and can be found at: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/forest-ecology-and-management/ Title: Post-fire logging produces minimal persistent impacts on understory vegetation in northeastern Oregon, USA Author: Peterson, David W., Dodson, Erich Kyle To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The article is pbulished by Elsevier and can be found at: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/forest-ecology-and-management/ Close

• 80. [Article] Tower Fire ecosystem analysis forest vegetation report and forest vegetation BAER report

  72 pp. Tables, figures, maps, references, appendix, illus. "Pre-fire forest types were very diverse, largely in response to a relatively steep elevational gradient ranging from 3,000 feet near the North ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Tower Fire ecosystem analysis forest vegetation report and forest vegetation BAER report Author: North Fork John Day Ranger District (Or.), Powell, David C., Erickson, Vicky Year: 2008, 1997 72 pp. Tables, figures, maps, references, appendix, illus. "Pre-fire forest types were very diverse, largely in response to a relatively steep elevational gradient ranging from 3,000 feet near the North Fork of the John Day River at the southwestern corner of the fire perimeter to 6,850 feet at Tower Mountain lookout on the extreme eastern edge of the analysis area." Date of BAER report is September 1996. Captured June 18, 2008. Title: Tower Fire ecosystem analysis forest vegetation report and forest vegetation BAER report Author: North Fork John Day Ranger District (Or.), Powell, David C., Erickson, Vicky Year: 2008, 1997 72 pp. Tables, figures, maps, references, appendix, illus. "Pre-fire forest types were very diverse, largely in response to a relatively steep elevational gradient ranging from 3,000 feet near the North Fork of the John Day River at the southwestern corner of the fire perimeter to 6,850 feet at Tower Mountain lookout on the extreme eastern edge of the analysis area." Date of BAER report is September 1996. Captured June 18, 2008. Close