Search

Search Results

• 71. [Article] Women's alcohol consumption : personal, familial, and geopolitical dimensions

  A sample of 1,003 women, age 22 in 1983-84 and age 27 in 1988-89, were selected from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth. Personal, familial, and geopolitical predictors of alcohol consumption were ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Women's alcohol consumption : personal, familial, and geopolitical dimensions Author: Goetz, Kathryn W. A sample of 1,003 women, age 22 in 1983-84 and age 27 in 1988-89, were selected from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth. Personal, familial, and geopolitical predictors of alcohol consumption were evaluated at each time period and longitudinally. The study integrated macro- and micro-level influences to determine their influence on individual alcohol consumption. Personal and familial were most influential. Availability of alcohol and political economy had little effect on consumption. Mother's history of alcohol abuse was more important than father's. At age 22 education, being married, and having children reduced consumption, as did a prior affiliation with a religion that proscribed the use of alcohol reduced consumption. At age 27 education, being married, and children decreased consumption, but religious affiliation and parent's consumption were not significant. While marital status at age 22 reduced drinking at that age, it lead to greater consumption at age 27. Title: Women's alcohol consumption : personal, familial, and geopolitical dimensions Author: Goetz, Kathryn W. A sample of 1,003 women, age 22 in 1983-84 and age 27 in 1988-89, were selected from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth. Personal, familial, and geopolitical predictors of alcohol consumption were evaluated at each time period and longitudinally. The study integrated macro- and micro-level influences to determine their influence on individual alcohol consumption. Personal and familial were most influential. Availability of alcohol and political economy had little effect on consumption. Mother's history of alcohol abuse was more important than father's. At age 22 education, being married, and having children reduced consumption, as did a prior affiliation with a religion that proscribed the use of alcohol reduced consumption. At age 27 education, being married, and children decreased consumption, but religious affiliation and parent's consumption were not significant. While marital status at age 22 reduced drinking at that age, it lead to greater consumption at age 27. Close

• 72. [Article] Impact of asset usage preferences on parallel replacement decisions

  Data from a state department of transportation fleet shows that the usage of a typical asset decreases as it ages. One possible explanation for decreasing asset usage with age is operator preference for ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Impact of asset usage preferences on parallel replacement decisions Author: Wagner, Tristan John Data from a state department of transportation fleet shows that the usage of a typical asset decreases as it ages. One possible explanation for decreasing asset usage with age is operator preference for using the newest available asset. In this research the long-term cost and replacement implications of such a "newest first" usage practice are investigated for a fleet of similar assets with a fixed replacement age (age standard). Capital constraints on replacement are not considered. Comparisons are made to a "random" usage practice that results in constant expected usage as an asset ages. For most major cost categories, the newest first usage practice results in greater or equal costs. It is also shown that asset usage and fixed replacement age are interdependent under the newest first usage practice. The implications of this are that simple approaches found in the literature to address decreasing usage with age give incorrect results. Title: Impact of asset usage preferences on parallel replacement decisions Author: Wagner, Tristan John Data from a state department of transportation fleet shows that the usage of a typical asset decreases as it ages. One possible explanation for decreasing asset usage with age is operator preference for using the newest available asset. In this research the long-term cost and replacement implications of such a "newest first" usage practice are investigated for a fleet of similar assets with a fixed replacement age (age standard). Capital constraints on replacement are not considered. Comparisons are made to a "random" usage practice that results in constant expected usage as an asset ages. For most major cost categories, the newest first usage practice results in greater or equal costs. It is also shown that asset usage and fixed replacement age are interdependent under the newest first usage practice. The implications of this are that simple approaches found in the literature to address decreasing usage with age give incorrect results. Close

• 73. [Article] Post-K/PB younger ⁴⁰Ar–³⁹Ar ages of the Mandla lavas: Implications for the duration of the Deccan volcanism

  This is an author's peer-reviewed final manuscript, as accepted by the publisher. The published article is copyrighted by Elsevier and can be found at: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/lithos/

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Post-K/PB younger ⁴⁰Ar–³⁹Ar ages of the Mandla lavas: Implications for the duration of the Deccan volcanism Author: Shrivastava, J. P., Duncan, Robert A., Kashyap, Mamta This is an author's peer-reviewed final manuscript, as accepted by the publisher. The published article is copyrighted by Elsevier and can be found at: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/lithos/ Title: Post-K/PB younger ⁴⁰Ar–³⁹Ar ages of the Mandla lavas: Implications for the duration of the Deccan volcanism Author: Shrivastava, J. P., Duncan, Robert A., Kashyap, Mamta This is an author's peer-reviewed final manuscript, as accepted by the publisher. The published article is copyrighted by Elsevier and can be found at: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/lithos/ Close

• 74. [Article] Age progressive volcanism in the New England seamounts and the opening of the Central Atlantic Ocean

  copyrighted by American Geophysical Union

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Age progressive volcanism in the New England seamounts and the opening of the Central Atlantic Ocean Author: Duncan, Robert A. copyrighted by American Geophysical Union Title: Age progressive volcanism in the New England seamounts and the opening of the Central Atlantic Ocean Author: Duncan, Robert A. copyrighted by American Geophysical Union Close

• 75. [Article] Long-term patterns of diameter and basal area growth of old-growth Douglas-fir trees in western Oregon

  Diameter growth and age data collected from stumps of 505 recently cut old-growth Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) trees at 28 sample locations in western Oregon (U.S.A.) indicated that ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Long-term patterns of diameter and basal area growth of old-growth Douglas-fir trees in western Oregon Author: Poage, Nathan Jeremy, Tappeiner, John C., II Diameter growth and age data collected from stumps of 505 recently cut old-growth Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) trees at 28 sample locations in western Oregon (U.S.A.) indicated that rapid early and sustained growth of old Douglas-fir trees were extremely important in terms of attaining large diameters at ages 100–300 years. The diameters of the trees at ages 100–300 years (D100–D300) were strongly, positively, and linearly related to their diameters and basal area growth rates at age 50 years. Average periodic basal area increments (PAIBA) of all trees increased for the first 30–40 years and then plateaued, remaining relatively high and constant from age 50 to 300 years. Average PAIBA of the largest trees at ages 100–300 years were significantly greater by age 20 years than were those of smaller trees at ages 100–300 years. The site factors province, site class, slope, aspect, elevation, and establishment year accounted for little of the variation observed in basal area growth at age 50 years and D100–D300. The mean age range for old-growth Douglas-fir at the sample locations was wide (174 years). The hypothesis that large-diameter old-growth Douglas-fir developed at low stand densities was supported by these observations. Title: Long-term patterns of diameter and basal area growth of old-growth Douglas-fir trees in western Oregon Author: Poage, Nathan Jeremy, Tappeiner, John C., II Diameter growth and age data collected from stumps of 505 recently cut old-growth Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) trees at 28 sample locations in western Oregon (U.S.A.) indicated that rapid early and sustained growth of old Douglas-fir trees were extremely important in terms of attaining large diameters at ages 100–300 years. The diameters of the trees at ages 100–300 years (D100–D300) were strongly, positively, and linearly related to their diameters and basal area growth rates at age 50 years. Average periodic basal area increments (PAIBA) of all trees increased for the first 30–40 years and then plateaued, remaining relatively high and constant from age 50 to 300 years. Average PAIBA of the largest trees at ages 100–300 years were significantly greater by age 20 years than were those of smaller trees at ages 100–300 years. The site factors province, site class, slope, aspect, elevation, and establishment year accounted for little of the variation observed in basal area growth at age 50 years and D100–D300. The mean age range for old-growth Douglas-fir at the sample locations was wide (174 years). The hypothesis that large-diameter old-growth Douglas-fir developed at low stand densities was supported by these observations. Close

• 76. [Article] Wood density of young-growth western hemlock: relation to ring age, radial growth, stand density, and site quality

  Breast-high stem sections were sampled from 56 western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.) trees growing in 15 plots representing a wide range of tree and site conditions in northwestern Oregon. ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Wood density of young-growth western hemlock: relation to ring age, radial growth, stand density, and site quality Author: Marshall, D. D., Gartner, B. L., Singleton, R., DeBell, D. S. Breast-high stem sections were sampled from 56 western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.) trees growing in 15 plots representing a wide range of tree and site conditions in northwestern Oregon. Growth and wood density traits of individual rings were measured via X-ray densitometry, and relationships of ring density and its components to age and growth rate were analyzed. Ring density was highest (0.49 g/cm3) near the pith, declined to 0.40 g/cm3 at age 10, remained stable to about age 25, and then increased gradually and remained between 0.43 and 0.44 g/cm3 from age 38 to 45 and beyond. A negative influence of rapid growth on whole ring density was greatest at young ages and diminished with time, becoming nonsignificant beyond age 30. Earlywood density, latewood density, and latewood proportion were all negatively related to ring width at young ages, but by age 21–25, latewood proportion was the only component of ring density that remained significantly diminished by increased growth rate. Residual differences in wood density (after age and growth rate were considered) did not appear to be related to either stand density or site class. Overall, young-growth hemlock trees are relatively uniform in wood density and likely to be more so if grown in intensively managed stands. Title: Wood density of young-growth western hemlock: relation to ring age, radial growth, stand density, and site quality Author: Marshall, D. D., Gartner, B. L., Singleton, R., DeBell, D. S. Breast-high stem sections were sampled from 56 western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.) trees growing in 15 plots representing a wide range of tree and site conditions in northwestern Oregon. Growth and wood density traits of individual rings were measured via X-ray densitometry, and relationships of ring density and its components to age and growth rate were analyzed. Ring density was highest (0.49 g/cm3) near the pith, declined to 0.40 g/cm3 at age 10, remained stable to about age 25, and then increased gradually and remained between 0.43 and 0.44 g/cm3 from age 38 to 45 and beyond. A negative influence of rapid growth on whole ring density was greatest at young ages and diminished with time, becoming nonsignificant beyond age 30. Earlywood density, latewood density, and latewood proportion were all negatively related to ring width at young ages, but by age 21–25, latewood proportion was the only component of ring density that remained significantly diminished by increased growth rate. Residual differences in wood density (after age and growth rate were considered) did not appear to be related to either stand density or site class. Overall, young-growth hemlock trees are relatively uniform in wood density and likely to be more so if grown in intensively managed stands. Close

• 77. [Article] A comparison of body composition, body cathexis, and attitude toward obesity in women with different levels of physical activity

  The purpose of this study was to identify significant differences in body composition, body cathexis, and attitudes toward obesity of women in various age groups involved in different levels of physical exercise. A ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: A comparison of body composition, body cathexis, and attitude toward obesity in women with different levels of physical activity Author: Lai, Shu-mei The purpose of this study was to identify significant differences in body composition, body cathexis, and attitudes toward obesity of women in various age groups involved in different levels of physical exercise. A total of 216 women, ranging in age from 17 to 64, took part in this study. They were classified into three age groups: col legeage, beyond college-age, and middle-aged, then further divided into three exercise categories: very active, moderately active, and relatively inactive. All subjects completed the Physical Activity and Body Cathexis Survey. Then the subjects submitted themselves to a series of skinfold fat measurement. In determining the subjects' feelings toward their bodies, the Secord and Jourard's Body Cathexis Scale (1953) was utilized to collect the data. Bray's Obesity Attitude Scale (1973) was employed to investigate the subjects' attitudes toward obesity. The prediction equation developed by Jackson et al. (1980) was used to determine the subjects' body density. The measurements were taken at triceps,thigh, and suprailium skinfolds. The percentage of body fat was derived from the formula of Siri's (1961). The results indicated that the middle-aged women had a higher percentage of body fat and lower amount of lean body mass than the beyond college-age women. There was, however, no significant difference between the body composition of the col lege-age and the beyond college-age women. Different levels of physical activity performed by women had significant effects on their body fat percentage and their body cathexis. Subjects in the very active level of physical exercise showed the lowest percentage of body fat and the most positive attitudes toward their bodies. Attitudes toward obesity between women, young or old, exercising or not exercising, were not significantly different. Women's obesity attitudes were not affected by either age or levels of physical activity. Title: A comparison of body composition, body cathexis, and attitude toward obesity in women with different levels of physical activity Author: Lai, Shu-mei The purpose of this study was to identify significant differences in body composition, body cathexis, and attitudes toward obesity of women in various age groups involved in different levels of physical exercise. A total of 216 women, ranging in age from 17 to 64, took part in this study. They were classified into three age groups: col legeage, beyond college-age, and middle-aged, then further divided into three exercise categories: very active, moderately active, and relatively inactive. All subjects completed the Physical Activity and Body Cathexis Survey. Then the subjects submitted themselves to a series of skinfold fat measurement. In determining the subjects' feelings toward their bodies, the Secord and Jourard's Body Cathexis Scale (1953) was utilized to collect the data. Bray's Obesity Attitude Scale (1973) was employed to investigate the subjects' attitudes toward obesity. The prediction equation developed by Jackson et al. (1980) was used to determine the subjects' body density. The measurements were taken at triceps,thigh, and suprailium skinfolds. The percentage of body fat was derived from the formula of Siri's (1961). The results indicated that the middle-aged women had a higher percentage of body fat and lower amount of lean body mass than the beyond college-age women. There was, however, no significant difference between the body composition of the col lege-age and the beyond college-age women. Different levels of physical activity performed by women had significant effects on their body fat percentage and their body cathexis. Subjects in the very active level of physical exercise showed the lowest percentage of body fat and the most positive attitudes toward their bodies. Attitudes toward obesity between women, young or old, exercising or not exercising, were not significantly different. Women's obesity attitudes were not affected by either age or levels of physical activity. Close

• 78. [Article] Sensitivity of the stock synthesis assessment model : a simulation approach

  Stock assessments for many U.S. Pacific coast groundfish stocks are developed using the catch-at-age method known as Stock Synthesis. In this work a simulation package was developed and used to evaluate ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Sensitivity of the stock synthesis assessment model : a simulation approach Author: Yin, Yanshui Stock assessments for many U.S. Pacific coast groundfish stocks are developed using the catch-at-age method known as Stock Synthesis. In this work a simulation package was developed and used to evaluate the sensitivity of the Stock Synthesis program. More specifically, the evaluation focused on the impacts of input data errors and stock characteristics on the accuracy and precision of Synthesis estimates. Factors examined included the length of the time series of data, the rate of natural mortality, the shape of the fishery and survey selectivity curves, the trend in the rate of fishing mortality, the recruitment pattern, and errors in the observed data for annual catch, fishing effort, fishery and survey age composition, and survey biomass indices. First, the study evaluated the sensitivity of the Stock Synthesis program applied to populations with simple multinomial age compositions. The length of the data series and sample size were the two most influential factors. Second, the study focused on populations with compound multinomial age composition, in which the age composition data were over-dispersed relative to simple multinomial samples. When the fishery age composition actually followed a compound multinomial distribution, the estimates produced by the Stock Synthesis program, which assumed simple multinomial distributions with maximum sample sizes of 400 fish, were moderately more biased and more variable. When applying Synthesis to populations whose age compositions follow compound multinomial distributions, the results from the experiments indicated that a common configuration, in which age sample sizes in the likelihood specification are limited to 400 fish per sample, probably gives age composition data too much emphasis. The experiments indicated that using 200 as the upper limit provided more accurate results than using 400. Third, the actual stock assessment of yellowfin sole (Limanda Aspera) was taken as a case study and it was found that more accurate assessment results could be achieved from a better balance in the amount of sampling effort allocated to age composition data versus survey biomass estimates. Title: Sensitivity of the stock synthesis assessment model : a simulation approach Author: Yin, Yanshui Stock assessments for many U.S. Pacific coast groundfish stocks are developed using the catch-at-age method known as Stock Synthesis. In this work a simulation package was developed and used to evaluate the sensitivity of the Stock Synthesis program. More specifically, the evaluation focused on the impacts of input data errors and stock characteristics on the accuracy and precision of Synthesis estimates. Factors examined included the length of the time series of data, the rate of natural mortality, the shape of the fishery and survey selectivity curves, the trend in the rate of fishing mortality, the recruitment pattern, and errors in the observed data for annual catch, fishing effort, fishery and survey age composition, and survey biomass indices. First, the study evaluated the sensitivity of the Stock Synthesis program applied to populations with simple multinomial age compositions. The length of the data series and sample size were the two most influential factors. Second, the study focused on populations with compound multinomial age composition, in which the age composition data were over-dispersed relative to simple multinomial samples. When the fishery age composition actually followed a compound multinomial distribution, the estimates produced by the Stock Synthesis program, which assumed simple multinomial distributions with maximum sample sizes of 400 fish, were moderately more biased and more variable. When applying Synthesis to populations whose age compositions follow compound multinomial distributions, the results from the experiments indicated that a common configuration, in which age sample sizes in the likelihood specification are limited to 400 fish per sample, probably gives age composition data too much emphasis. The experiments indicated that using 200 as the upper limit provided more accurate results than using 400. Third, the actual stock assessment of yellowfin sole (Limanda Aspera) was taken as a case study and it was found that more accurate assessment results could be achieved from a better balance in the amount of sampling effort allocated to age composition data versus survey biomass estimates. Close

• 79. [Article] The vertically-oriented organization : a theoretical perspective

  This study will focus on a particular program (The Area Agency on Aging) which was developed in response to the problems of fragmentation among the service delivery system for the aging. In so doing, two ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The vertically-oriented organization : a theoretical perspective Author: Kurren, Beth M. Year: 1977 This study will focus on a particular program (The Area Agency on Aging) which was developed in response to the problems of fragmentation among the service delivery system for the aging. In so doing, two very important questions will be answered: 1. To what extent do the characteristics of the Area Agency on Aging resemble a vertically-oriented organization? 2. To what extent does the Area Agency on Aging gear its activities toward the coordination of services for the elderly? The basic assumption is that because the Area Agency on Aging resembles another vertically- oriented organization, its main focus of attention will be on internal concerns (i.e., survival) rather than inter-organizational activities. Title: The vertically-oriented organization : a theoretical perspective Author: Kurren, Beth M. Year: 1977 This study will focus on a particular program (The Area Agency on Aging) which was developed in response to the problems of fragmentation among the service delivery system for the aging. In so doing, two very important questions will be answered: 1. To what extent do the characteristics of the Area Agency on Aging resemble a vertically-oriented organization? 2. To what extent does the Area Agency on Aging gear its activities toward the coordination of services for the elderly? The basic assumption is that because the Area Agency on Aging resembles another vertically- oriented organization, its main focus of attention will be on internal concerns (i.e., survival) rather than inter-organizational activities. Close

• 80. [Article] The Influence of Age and Stimuli on the Explanations of "Same" and "Different" by Young Children

  This study investigated the influence of chronological age and stimuli on the explanations of "same" and "different" by young children. Seventy children, between by young children. the ages of three-years, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Influence of Age and Stimuli on the Explanations of "Same" and "Different" by Young Children Author: Senders, Pamela Callas Year: 1977 This study investigated the influence of chronological age and stimuli on the explanations of "same" and "different" by young children. Seventy children, between by young children. the ages of three-years, six-months and nine-years, six-months, selected on the basis of chronological age, normal speech and language development, and normal verbal maturity, were involved as subjects. A test consisting of a series of verbal tasks was administered to each child. The experimenter recorded and later analyzed and classified all responses for each child, following specific guidelines for judging appropriateness of response and assigning each appropriate response to one of three classifications. Title: The Influence of Age and Stimuli on the Explanations of "Same" and "Different" by Young Children Author: Senders, Pamela Callas Year: 1977 This study investigated the influence of chronological age and stimuli on the explanations of "same" and "different" by young children. Seventy children, between by young children. the ages of three-years, six-months and nine-years, six-months, selected on the basis of chronological age, normal speech and language development, and normal verbal maturity, were involved as subjects. A test consisting of a series of verbal tasks was administered to each child. The experimenter recorded and later analyzed and classified all responses for each child, following specific guidelines for judging appropriateness of response and assigning each appropriate response to one of three classifications. Close