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• 711. [Image] Goat Island/Oregon Islands National Wildlife Refuge

  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Goat Island/Oregon Islands National Wildlife Refuge Author: Oregon. Department of Fish and Wildlife Year: 1993 Title: Goat Island/Oregon Islands National Wildlife Refuge Author: Oregon. Department of Fish and Wildlife Year: 1993 Close

• 712. [Image] The Passing of the Marshlands

  	Includes title panels: The Reclamation Service turns Lower Klamath over to land promoters; Clear Lake Reservation in 1912; A waterfowl refuge partly drained and leased to stockmen; Malheur Lake Reservation ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Passing of the Marshlands Year: 1930 Includes title panels: The Reclamation Service turns Lower Klamath over to land promoters; Clear Lake Reservation in 1912; A waterfowl refuge partly drained and leased to stockmen; Malheur Lake Reservation in 1915; and A dry lake, no birds and a world of dust. Title: The Passing of the Marshlands Year: 1930 Includes title panels: The Reclamation Service turns Lower Klamath over to land promoters; Clear Lake Reservation in 1912; A waterfowl refuge partly drained and leased to stockmen; Malheur Lake Reservation in 1915; and A dry lake, no birds and a world of dust. Close

• 713. [Image] Gull in flight

  	The next picture shows a western gull, one of the most graceful birds we have. While this is not a game bird, it is one of the loveliest and one that we all admire. It is a scavenger as well. If any of ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Gull in flight Year: 1900 The next picture shows a western gull, one of the most graceful birds we have. While this is not a game bird, it is one of the loveliest and one that we all admire. It is a scavenger as well. If any of you have ever been to the coast in the springtime when the beach is covered with dead fish, you know that the gulls are doing a very good piece of work when they start to clean up the beaches. These birds are protected at all times on account of their scavenging ability and on account of their beauty. Our nation has taken this matter in hand, and we have now national migratory bird laws, which protect birds of all kinds. A law based on scientific information was one of the very first attempts to bring about the real law to protect the bird in exactly the right way. Following the example of the states in the formation of game refuges, we find now that the national government has taken up the matter and one of the first acts was to form all the national parks into national game refuges. In recent years a large number of tracts of land in the southern part of the United States have been set aside for this purpose because at these places the birds spend the winter. The United States has taken a particular interest in protection of birds during the winter season, for if they are all killed then there will be none to breed during the following summer. We all have a right to be proud of what our nation and state has done for the preservation of our wildlife. But it must be said that the chief stimulant for this work was the preservation of our game birds. The game birds form only a very small portion of the wildlife in this state. There are many other kinds that are just as important to us as are these. It is right that we should have a certain amount of hunting. It is a pleasure that a great many enjoy. But we should also properly understand their relation to our everyday life. In the field of agriculture they play a very important part. Some are destructive and do a great deal of harm, while others are beneficial in their habits. Were it not for birds, the lot of the farmer would be a hard one. Title: Gull in flight Year: 1900 The next picture shows a western gull, one of the most graceful birds we have. While this is not a game bird, it is one of the loveliest and one that we all admire. It is a scavenger as well. If any of you have ever been to the coast in the springtime when the beach is covered with dead fish, you know that the gulls are doing a very good piece of work when they start to clean up the beaches. These birds are protected at all times on account of their scavenging ability and on account of their beauty. Our nation has taken this matter in hand, and we have now national migratory bird laws, which protect birds of all kinds. A law based on scientific information was one of the very first attempts to bring about the real law to protect the bird in exactly the right way. Following the example of the states in the formation of game refuges, we find now that the national government has taken up the matter and one of the first acts was to form all the national parks into national game refuges. In recent years a large number of tracts of land in the southern part of the United States have been set aside for this purpose because at these places the birds spend the winter. The United States has taken a particular interest in protection of birds during the winter season, for if they are all killed then there will be none to breed during the following summer. We all have a right to be proud of what our nation and state has done for the preservation of our wildlife. But it must be said that the chief stimulant for this work was the preservation of our game birds. The game birds form only a very small portion of the wildlife in this state. There are many other kinds that are just as important to us as are these. It is right that we should have a certain amount of hunting. It is a pleasure that a great many enjoy. But we should also properly understand their relation to our everyday life. In the field of agriculture they play a very important part. Some are destructive and do a great deal of harm, while others are beneficial in their habits. Were it not for birds, the lot of the farmer would be a hard one. Close

• 714. [Image] Adult Ring-necked Pheasants

  	This picture shows two full grown Chinese Pheasants. They become tame very easily—if for a short time they are protected, they very soon come to be familiar about the farm house and the barnyard. They ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Adult Ring-necked Pheasants Year: 1900 This picture shows two full grown Chinese Pheasants. They become tame very easily—if for a short time they are protected, they very soon come to be familiar about the farm house and the barnyard. They will even come into the barnyard and feed along with the chicks. It is quite true in some cases that they do considerable harm, by pulling up the seedlings in the garden, and by following the corn row. It must be said for them that they also do considerable good. It has been founding examining the stomachs of these birds, shot because they had been doing harm, that instead of having their stomachs full of corn as might have been supposed, they have their stomachs full of cut worms, beetles, ants, and clover seeds. In only one case was it found that they had been pulling up garden plants. In some parts of the United States where the farmers have been bothered by the game birds destroying their crops, they have been able to divert the attention of the birds by planting around their fields things which they much prefer to the crop seeds. This is more particularly so in the southeastern parts of the country. Here, the farmers have been able to raise large flocks of quail and other birds by just such means as this. They have been able to derive some revenue from the wildlife that is near their place. The sportsman comes down and wants a day’s sport. He naturally goes to the farm where the largest number of birds are. The farmer, by planting around the fence corners and along the fence rails food for the birds has encouraged them to live about the farm. No one has yet been able to calculate the exact amount of revenue which the stated has derived from the China Pheasant, but one year when calculating the amount of money spent by this state on the sports of shooting all kinds of birds, it was found that an expenditure of over one million dollars had been made. How much of this goes to the China Pheasants cannot be said. What can be done in raising China Pheasants can be done in raising a number of other kinds of birds. So while these are beautiful creatures and we enjoy seeing them about the fields, they are also affording us a great source of revenue; more than we sometimes think. A long time ago we used to hear a good deal about private hunting grounds and about private hunting lands. Private owner used to be much disgusted if a man trespassed upon his property. While this was more or less a selfish way to look at things, at the same time what really took place was this: This private owner protected these birds so that they bred very freely, became numerous, and spread out all over the country. Thus, England and other parts of the world have had very few animals had it not been for these private owners. Now, as to the bearing this has on our fish and game work: The state has recognized this very idea, and Oregon was one of the first states to establish these game refuges. In various parts of our state we have land set aside which it is unlawful to hunt at any time. Here, birds and animals grow without fear of molestation. In consequence they not only increase in numbers, but these refuges make centers of distribution, and out from these centers the animals move into other parts of the state. In some localities we have natural refuges, places that are more or less secluded, and here the animals grow unmolested. But, in other parts of the state, those that are becoming rapidly settled, there is no place for the wildlife. It is possible now for any farmer to make of his place a game refuge, provided it has facilities for the protection of the birds. In this way we may gain an intimate knowledge of the bird and animal life abuts by seeing them in their natural haunts. Birds come to know that this is a refuge and so are not afraid while they are here. Title: Adult Ring-necked Pheasants Year: 1900 This picture shows two full grown Chinese Pheasants. They become tame very easily—if for a short time they are protected, they very soon come to be familiar about the farm house and the barnyard. They will even come into the barnyard and feed along with the chicks. It is quite true in some cases that they do considerable harm, by pulling up the seedlings in the garden, and by following the corn row. It must be said for them that they also do considerable good. It has been founding examining the stomachs of these birds, shot because they had been doing harm, that instead of having their stomachs full of corn as might have been supposed, they have their stomachs full of cut worms, beetles, ants, and clover seeds. In only one case was it found that they had been pulling up garden plants. In some parts of the United States where the farmers have been bothered by the game birds destroying their crops, they have been able to divert the attention of the birds by planting around their fields things which they much prefer to the crop seeds. This is more particularly so in the southeastern parts of the country. Here, the farmers have been able to raise large flocks of quail and other birds by just such means as this. They have been able to derive some revenue from the wildlife that is near their place. The sportsman comes down and wants a day’s sport. He naturally goes to the farm where the largest number of birds are. The farmer, by planting around the fence corners and along the fence rails food for the birds has encouraged them to live about the farm. No one has yet been able to calculate the exact amount of revenue which the stated has derived from the China Pheasant, but one year when calculating the amount of money spent by this state on the sports of shooting all kinds of birds, it was found that an expenditure of over one million dollars had been made. How much of this goes to the China Pheasants cannot be said. What can be done in raising China Pheasants can be done in raising a number of other kinds of birds. So while these are beautiful creatures and we enjoy seeing them about the fields, they are also affording us a great source of revenue; more than we sometimes think. A long time ago we used to hear a good deal about private hunting grounds and about private hunting lands. Private owner used to be much disgusted if a man trespassed upon his property. While this was more or less a selfish way to look at things, at the same time what really took place was this: This private owner protected these birds so that they bred very freely, became numerous, and spread out all over the country. Thus, England and other parts of the world have had very few animals had it not been for these private owners. Now, as to the bearing this has on our fish and game work: The state has recognized this very idea, and Oregon was one of the first states to establish these game refuges. In various parts of our state we have land set aside which it is unlawful to hunt at any time. Here, birds and animals grow without fear of molestation. In consequence they not only increase in numbers, but these refuges make centers of distribution, and out from these centers the animals move into other parts of the state. In some localities we have natural refuges, places that are more or less secluded, and here the animals grow unmolested. But, in other parts of the state, those that are becoming rapidly settled, there is no place for the wildlife. It is possible now for any farmer to make of his place a game refuge, provided it has facilities for the protection of the birds. In this way we may gain an intimate knowledge of the bird and animal life abuts by seeing them in their natural haunts. Birds come to know that this is a refuge and so are not afraid while they are here. Close

• 715. [Image] Lower Klamath Lake, Tule Lake, and Clear Lake Refuges, 1917-1935

  	Correspondence, reports, and articles discussing the impact of agriculture and reclamation projects on the Lower Klamath, Tule Lake, and Clear Lake Refuges. Topics of focus include the impacts of grazing ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Lower Klamath Lake, Tule Lake, and Clear Lake Refuges, 1917-1935 Author: Finley, William L. (William Lovell), 1876-1953; Mead, Elwood, 1858-1936; Jessup, L. T.; Worcester, H. M.; Ickes, Harold L. (Harold LeClair), 1874-1952; Schmitt, F. E.; Brown, G. B.; Wallace, Henry A. (Henry Agard), 1888-1965; Schnurr, W. A.; Walter, R. F.; Brewer, C. M.; Finley, Irene Year: 1917 Correspondence, reports, and articles discussing the impact of agriculture and reclamation projects on the Lower Klamath, Tule Lake, and Clear Lake Refuges. Topics of focus include the impacts of grazing on bird refuges, construction of dikes and dams on the Klamath and Link Rivers, and possible reflooding of portions of the Lower Klamath Lake. Title: Lower Klamath Lake, Tule Lake, and Clear Lake Refuges, 1917-1935 Author: Finley, William L. (William Lovell), 1876-1953; Mead, Elwood, 1858-1936; Jessup, L. T.; Worcester, H. M.; Ickes, Harold L. (Harold LeClair), 1874-1952; Schmitt, F. E.; Brown, G. B.; Wallace, Henry A. (Henry Agard), 1888-1965; Schnurr, W. A.; Walter, R. F.; Brewer, C. M.; Finley, Irene Year: 1917 Correspondence, reports, and articles discussing the impact of agriculture and reclamation projects on the Lower Klamath, Tule Lake, and Clear Lake Refuges. Topics of focus include the impacts of grazing on bird refuges, construction of dikes and dams on the Klamath and Link Rivers, and possible reflooding of portions of the Lower Klamath Lake. Close

• 716. [Image] Correspondence, June 1910

  	Correspondence discussing lecture plans and the inclusion of William Finley’s articles in Technical World Magazine and Everybody’s Magazine. Additional topics include the possible replacement of Claude ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Correspondence, June 1910 Author: Hunting, H. G.; Finley, William L. (William Lovell), 1876-1953; Holly, F. M.; Cosgrave, John O'Hara; Palmer, T. S. (Theodore Sherman), 1868-1955; Hibbard, Claude C. Year: 1910 Correspondence discussing lecture plans and the inclusion of William Finley’s articles in Technical World Magazine and Everybody’s Magazine. Additional topics include the possible replacement of Claude Hibbard as Game Warden for the Malheur Lake Reservation and notes from Hibbard on the increase of wading bird populations at the Malheur Reserve. Title: Correspondence, June 1910 Author: Hunting, H. G.; Finley, William L. (William Lovell), 1876-1953; Holly, F. M.; Cosgrave, John O'Hara; Palmer, T. S. (Theodore Sherman), 1868-1955; Hibbard, Claude C. Year: 1910 Correspondence discussing lecture plans and the inclusion of William Finley’s articles in Technical World Magazine and Everybody’s Magazine. Additional topics include the possible replacement of Claude Hibbard as Game Warden for the Malheur Lake Reservation and notes from Hibbard on the increase of wading bird populations at the Malheur Reserve. Close

• 717. [Image] Correspondence, September 1910

  	Correspondence discussing William Finley’s lectures for farmers' institutes in California, promoting the agricultural value of birds. Additional topics include a proposal for the federal protection of ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Correspondence, September 1910 Author: Finley, William L. (William Lovell), 1876-1953; Sunset Magazine (Firm); Job, Herbert Keightley, 1864-1933; Dutcher, William, 1846-1920; Grinnell, George Bird, 1849-1938; Ward, C. H.; Finley, Irene Year: 1910 Correspondence discussing William Finley’s lectures for farmers' institutes in California, promoting the agricultural value of birds. Additional topics include a proposal for the federal protection of migratory birds and efforts to remove protection for meadowlarks in California. Title: Correspondence, September 1910 Author: Finley, William L. (William Lovell), 1876-1953; Sunset Magazine (Firm); Job, Herbert Keightley, 1864-1933; Dutcher, William, 1846-1920; Grinnell, George Bird, 1849-1938; Ward, C. H.; Finley, Irene Year: 1910 Correspondence discussing William Finley’s lectures for farmers' institutes in California, promoting the agricultural value of birds. Additional topics include a proposal for the federal protection of migratory birds and efforts to remove protection for meadowlarks in California. Close

• 718. [Image] Waterfowl

  	Includes footage of various birds, including their nesting sites. The film ends with footage of a pet quail and pet duck with the family dog. Includes title panels: "P Ranch, 40 miles of water and marshland, ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Waterfowl Year: 1935 Includes footage of various birds, including their nesting sites. The film ends with footage of a pet quail and pet duck with the family dog. Includes title panels: "P Ranch, 40 miles of water and marshland, added to Malheur refuge"; "Trapping and banding ducks"; "Winter refuge for waterfowl"; and "A new kind of duck dog". Title: Waterfowl Year: 1935 Includes footage of various birds, including their nesting sites. The film ends with footage of a pet quail and pet duck with the family dog. Includes title panels: "P Ranch, 40 miles of water and marshland, added to Malheur refuge"; "Trapping and banding ducks"; "Winter refuge for waterfowl"; and "A new kind of duck dog". Close

• 719. [Article] Willamette Valley and Oregon Coastal Refuge Complex; William L. Finlay National Wildlife Refuge Summary - 1979 Hunt Program

  Abstract -- None

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Willamette Valley and Oregon Coastal Refuge Complex; William L. Finlay National Wildlife Refuge Summary - 1979 Hunt Program Abstract -- None Title: Willamette Valley and Oregon Coastal Refuge Complex; William L. Finlay National Wildlife Refuge Summary - 1979 Hunt Program Abstract -- None Close

• 720. [Article] Hult Reservoir (Siuslaw Basin) Fish Species Composition Size and Relative Abundance_Final2018

  Abstract -- Seven species of fish were encountered in Hult Reservoir in 2017: largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides), cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii), tainbow trout/winter steelhead (Oncorhynchus ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Hult Reservoir (Siuslaw Basin) Fish Species Composition Size and Relative Abundance_Final2018 Abstract -- Seven species of fish were encountered in Hult Reservoir in 2017: largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides), cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii), tainbow trout/winter steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss), bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus), reticulate sculpin (Cottus perplexus), brown bullhead (Ameiurus nebulosus) and western brook lamprey (Lampetra richardsoni). The most abundant fish observed were largemouth bass and bluegill in the summer and fall, and cutthroat in the winter. Cutthroat trout were much more prevalent in the fall and winter sampling than in the summer. Presumably, most cutthroat trout moved up into the tributaries to seek thermal refuge during the summer months and returned to the reservoir once the temperatures were more conducive to growth and survival. However, some of them likely moved downstream, were preyed upon, or perished from the high summer temperatures and low dissolved oxygen conditions in the reservoir in summer. Under current conditions, high surface temperature (>20?), bass predation, and hypoxic dissolved oxygen levels below four meters of depth show that reservoir conditions are inhospitable for juvenile salmonids in the summer. Currently there are well established fisheries for both cutthroat trout (spring, fall, winter) and largemouth bass (summer) in the reservoir, and we talked to several anglers who target each of these species. Habitat segregation in the summer between the salmonids who move out of the reservoir and the warm-water fish that remain and spawn in the reservoir results in a diversified year-round angling opportunity. There were no coho salmon (juvenile or adult) observed in Hult Reservoir in 2017, but adult coho salmon were observed spawning just downstream of the dam. This observation verifies that a proportion of the adult coho attempting to ascend the ladder at Lake Creek Falls are successful and continue migration upstream to the vicinity of Hult Reservoir. It may be possible to keep the current fishery in Hult Reservoir as it stands and still increase coho production in the system by improving adult passage at Lake Creek Falls, and possibly at Hult Dam. Title: Hult Reservoir (Siuslaw Basin) Fish Species Composition Size and Relative Abundance_Final2018 Abstract -- Seven species of fish were encountered in Hult Reservoir in 2017: largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides), cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii), tainbow trout/winter steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss), bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus), reticulate sculpin (Cottus perplexus), brown bullhead (Ameiurus nebulosus) and western brook lamprey (Lampetra richardsoni). The most abundant fish observed were largemouth bass and bluegill in the summer and fall, and cutthroat in the winter. Cutthroat trout were much more prevalent in the fall and winter sampling than in the summer. Presumably, most cutthroat trout moved up into the tributaries to seek thermal refuge during the summer months and returned to the reservoir once the temperatures were more conducive to growth and survival. However, some of them likely moved downstream, were preyed upon, or perished from the high summer temperatures and low dissolved oxygen conditions in the reservoir in summer. Under current conditions, high surface temperature (>20?), bass predation, and hypoxic dissolved oxygen levels below four meters of depth show that reservoir conditions are inhospitable for juvenile salmonids in the summer. Currently there are well established fisheries for both cutthroat trout (spring, fall, winter) and largemouth bass (summer) in the reservoir, and we talked to several anglers who target each of these species. Habitat segregation in the summer between the salmonids who move out of the reservoir and the warm-water fish that remain and spawn in the reservoir results in a diversified year-round angling opportunity. There were no coho salmon (juvenile or adult) observed in Hult Reservoir in 2017, but adult coho salmon were observed spawning just downstream of the dam. This observation verifies that a proportion of the adult coho attempting to ascend the ladder at Lake Creek Falls are successful and continue migration upstream to the vicinity of Hult Reservoir. It may be possible to keep the current fishery in Hult Reservoir as it stands and still increase coho production in the system by improving adult passage at Lake Creek Falls, and possibly at Hult Dam. Close