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• 61. [Article] Trends in Oregon : multiracial

  This archived document is maintained by the Oregon State Library as part of the Oregon Documents Depository Program. It is for informational purposes and may not be suitable for legal purposes.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Trends in Oregon : multiracial Year: 2013 This archived document is maintained by the Oregon State Library as part of the Oregon Documents Depository Program. It is for informational purposes and may not be suitable for legal purposes. Title: Trends in Oregon : multiracial Year: 2013 This archived document is maintained by the Oregon State Library as part of the Oregon Documents Depository Program. It is for informational purposes and may not be suitable for legal purposes. Close

• 62. [Article] Trends in Oregon : Asian Americans

  This archived document is maintained by the Oregon State Library as part of the Oregon Documents Depository Program. It is for informational purposes and may not be suitable for legal purposes.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Trends in Oregon : Asian Americans Year: 2013 This archived document is maintained by the Oregon State Library as part of the Oregon Documents Depository Program. It is for informational purposes and may not be suitable for legal purposes. Title: Trends in Oregon : Asian Americans Year: 2013 This archived document is maintained by the Oregon State Library as part of the Oregon Documents Depository Program. It is for informational purposes and may not be suitable for legal purposes. Close

• 63. [Article] Trends in Oregon : African Americans

  This archived document is maintained by the Oregon State Library as part of the Oregon Documents Depository Program. It is for informational purposes and may not be suitable for legal purposes.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Trends in Oregon : African Americans Year: 2013 This archived document is maintained by the Oregon State Library as part of the Oregon Documents Depository Program. It is for informational purposes and may not be suitable for legal purposes. Title: Trends in Oregon : African Americans Year: 2013 This archived document is maintained by the Oregon State Library as part of the Oregon Documents Depository Program. It is for informational purposes and may not be suitable for legal purposes. Close

• 64. [Article] Geophysical and geological analysis of a fault-like linearity in the lower Clackamas River area, Clackamas County, Oregon

  A fault-like linearity along the lower Clackamas River is evaluated by analysis of physiographic and structural alignments, geological relationships, and by gravity and magnetic data. The study has resulted ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Geophysical and geological analysis of a fault-like linearity in the lower Clackamas River area, Clackamas County, Oregon Author: Schmela, Ronald Jay Year: 1971 A fault-like linearity along the lower Clackamas River is evaluated by analysis of physiographic and structural alignments, geological relationships, and by gravity and magnetic data. The study has resulted in the verification of a structural feature extending along the Clackamas River and the eastern front of the Portland Hills. Physiographic alignments were examined in twelve 15 minute and two 7-1/2 minute quadrangle maps. A significant northeasterly morphologic trend, N. 20⁰ W. and N. 40° W., and other secondary trends, namely, the N-S, E-W, and N. 50-60° E., has developed in the Portland area. The consistent northwest trend is observed throughout the entire area studied which strongly suggests that the alignments are very good indicators of underlying structural features. Structural alignments show that approximately 60% of the known mapped faults and fold axes concur with the dominant northwest physiographic trend. Seismic first motion analysis supports the established morphologic trend. A series of regionally co-aligned morphologic and structural features striking S. 40 -50⁰ E. across the state of Oregon suggest the presence of a major structural fault system aligned with the Portland Hills-Clackamas River structural alignment. The geologic cross sections developed from map and well data generally lack any tangible evidence as to the nature of the physiographic alignment. An apparent offset of the lower Pliocene Sandy River mudstone suggests movement as recent as middle Pliocene. Geophysical information was obtained from six gravity traverses and three magnetic traverses. The consistency of the size and shape of the gravity anomaly, 2.18 milligals/O. 2 mile, downdropped to the east, across the physiographic alignment defines the zone of a fault or a steep fold developed in the Columbia River basalt. The magnetic anomalies show a consistent change in the magnetic gradient corresponding to the structural zone. Title: Geophysical and geological analysis of a fault-like linearity in the lower Clackamas River area, Clackamas County, Oregon Author: Schmela, Ronald Jay Year: 1971 A fault-like linearity along the lower Clackamas River is evaluated by analysis of physiographic and structural alignments, geological relationships, and by gravity and magnetic data. The study has resulted in the verification of a structural feature extending along the Clackamas River and the eastern front of the Portland Hills. Physiographic alignments were examined in twelve 15 minute and two 7-1/2 minute quadrangle maps. A significant northeasterly morphologic trend, N. 20⁰ W. and N. 40° W., and other secondary trends, namely, the N-S, E-W, and N. 50-60° E., has developed in the Portland area. The consistent northwest trend is observed throughout the entire area studied which strongly suggests that the alignments are very good indicators of underlying structural features. Structural alignments show that approximately 60% of the known mapped faults and fold axes concur with the dominant northwest physiographic trend. Seismic first motion analysis supports the established morphologic trend. A series of regionally co-aligned morphologic and structural features striking S. 40 -50⁰ E. across the state of Oregon suggest the presence of a major structural fault system aligned with the Portland Hills-Clackamas River structural alignment. The geologic cross sections developed from map and well data generally lack any tangible evidence as to the nature of the physiographic alignment. An apparent offset of the lower Pliocene Sandy River mudstone suggests movement as recent as middle Pliocene. Geophysical information was obtained from six gravity traverses and three magnetic traverses. The consistency of the size and shape of the gravity anomaly, 2.18 milligals/O. 2 mile, downdropped to the east, across the physiographic alignment defines the zone of a fault or a steep fold developed in the Columbia River basalt. The magnetic anomalies show a consistent change in the magnetic gradient corresponding to the structural zone. Close

• 65. [Article] Divergent trends in ecosystem services under different climate-management futures in a fire-prone forest landscape

  While ecosystem services and climate change are often examined independently, quantitative assessments integrating these fields are needed to inform future land management decisions. Using climate-informed ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Divergent trends in ecosystem services under different climate-management futures in a fire-prone forest landscape Author: Halofsky, Joshua S., Halofsky, Jessica E., Hemstrom, Miles A., Morzillo, Anita T., Zhou, Xiaoping, Donato, Daniel C. Year: 2017 While ecosystem services and climate change are often examined independently, quantitative assessments integrating these fields are needed to inform future land management decisions. Using climate-informed state-and-transition simulations, we examined projected trends and trade-offs for a suite of ecosystem services under four climate change scenarios and two management scenarios (active management emphasizing fuel treatments and no management other than fire suppression) in a fire-prone landscape of dry and moist mixed-conifer forests in central Oregon, USA. Focal ecosystem services included fire potential (regulating service), timber volume (provisioning service), and potential wildlife habitat (supporting service). Projections without climate change suggested active management in dry mixed-conifer forests would create more open forest structures, reduce crown fire potential, and maintain timber stocks, while in moist mixed-conifer forests, active management would reduce crown fire potential but at the expense of timber stocks. When climate change was considered, however, trends in most ecosystem services changed substantially, with large increases in wildfire area predominating broad-scale trends in outputs, regardless of management approach (e.g., strong declines in timber stocks and habitat for closed-forest wildlife species). Active management still had an influence under a changing climate, but as a moderator of the strong climate-driven trends rather than being a principal driver of ecosystem service outputs. These results suggest projections of future ecosystem services that do not consider climate change may result in unrealistic expectations of benefits. Title: Divergent trends in ecosystem services under different climate-management futures in a fire-prone forest landscape Author: Halofsky, Joshua S., Halofsky, Jessica E., Hemstrom, Miles A., Morzillo, Anita T., Zhou, Xiaoping, Donato, Daniel C. Year: 2017 While ecosystem services and climate change are often examined independently, quantitative assessments integrating these fields are needed to inform future land management decisions. Using climate-informed state-and-transition simulations, we examined projected trends and trade-offs for a suite of ecosystem services under four climate change scenarios and two management scenarios (active management emphasizing fuel treatments and no management other than fire suppression) in a fire-prone landscape of dry and moist mixed-conifer forests in central Oregon, USA. Focal ecosystem services included fire potential (regulating service), timber volume (provisioning service), and potential wildlife habitat (supporting service). Projections without climate change suggested active management in dry mixed-conifer forests would create more open forest structures, reduce crown fire potential, and maintain timber stocks, while in moist mixed-conifer forests, active management would reduce crown fire potential but at the expense of timber stocks. When climate change was considered, however, trends in most ecosystem services changed substantially, with large increases in wildfire area predominating broad-scale trends in outputs, regardless of management approach (e.g., strong declines in timber stocks and habitat for closed-forest wildlife species). Active management still had an influence under a changing climate, but as a moderator of the strong climate-driven trends rather than being a principal driver of ecosystem service outputs. These results suggest projections of future ecosystem services that do not consider climate change may result in unrealistic expectations of benefits. Close

• 66. [Article] Spatial and temporal characteristics of surface air temperature for Portland, Oregon

  This study examines the spatial and temporal characteristics of the surface air temperature in Portland, Oregon. Spatial temperature patterns indicate that the dominant control factors on seasonal temperature ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Spatial and temporal characteristics of surface air temperature for Portland, Oregon Author: Yang, Li-min Year: 1987 This study examines the spatial and temporal characteristics of the surface air temperature in Portland, Oregon. Spatial temperature patterns indicate that the dominant control factors on seasonal temperature distribution are local topography, elevation, and urban-rural differences in surface structure. A heat island exists in the Portland area; the intensity of the heat island rang€s from 4° to 10° F, and varies throughout the year. The strongest heat island is found in the July minimum temperature. Temperature distribution in Portland and the adjacent area is affected by winds and rainy conditions, but less influenced under overcast skies. The long-term temperature over the last century shows that Portland's mean annual temperature trends are 0.057° F/yr and 0.052° F/yr in the two warming periods 1900-1940 and 1961-1984, respectively, and these warming trends are largely due to warming in spring and early summer as well as in winter months except January. Comparisons between Portland and other local non-urban climatic stations show a general warming trend in Portland since the end of the last century, which is 0.028° F/yr in the mean annual temperature, and 0.017° F/yr in maximum temperature after the regional trends are removed. Monthly mean temperature in July and January demonstrate a warming by 0.023° F/yr and 0.015° F/yr at Portland, respectively. All these warming trends are due mainly to the impact of urbanization. It is found that the cooling effect on the northern Willamette Valley due to the presence of the Columbia Gorge is most noticeable in the daytime and in January. Title: Spatial and temporal characteristics of surface air temperature for Portland, Oregon Author: Yang, Li-min Year: 1987 This study examines the spatial and temporal characteristics of the surface air temperature in Portland, Oregon. Spatial temperature patterns indicate that the dominant control factors on seasonal temperature distribution are local topography, elevation, and urban-rural differences in surface structure. A heat island exists in the Portland area; the intensity of the heat island rang€s from 4° to 10° F, and varies throughout the year. The strongest heat island is found in the July minimum temperature. Temperature distribution in Portland and the adjacent area is affected by winds and rainy conditions, but less influenced under overcast skies. The long-term temperature over the last century shows that Portland's mean annual temperature trends are 0.057° F/yr and 0.052° F/yr in the two warming periods 1900-1940 and 1961-1984, respectively, and these warming trends are largely due to warming in spring and early summer as well as in winter months except January. Comparisons between Portland and other local non-urban climatic stations show a general warming trend in Portland since the end of the last century, which is 0.028° F/yr in the mean annual temperature, and 0.017° F/yr in maximum temperature after the regional trends are removed. Monthly mean temperature in July and January demonstrate a warming by 0.023° F/yr and 0.015° F/yr at Portland, respectively. All these warming trends are due mainly to the impact of urbanization. It is found that the cooling effect on the northern Willamette Valley due to the presence of the Columbia Gorge is most noticeable in the daytime and in January. Close

• 67. [Article] Sociological, economic, and biological aspects of the deer hunting activity in Grant County, Oregon

  The specific objectives of the study were to determine the sociological and economic considerations of the private landowners and managers in Grant County, Oregon regarding their tolerances of mule deer ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Sociological, economic, and biological aspects of the deer hunting activity in Grant County, Oregon Author: Janik, Philip Joseph The specific objectives of the study were to determine the sociological and economic considerations of the private landowners and managers in Grant County, Oregon regarding their tolerances of mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus)and deer hunters on their properties, determine the attitudes of hunters who hunted deer in Grant County in 1973 and compare expectations and desires of hunters and landowners, identify the impact of temperature and snow level trends and hunting regulations on the deer population of the Northside Game Management Unit, and evaluate alternative management schemes regarding deer hunting and the effects of deer hunting activity on the economy. Grant County would have greater potential for an increase in the deer hunting activity if the density of hunters were controlled on public lands and if more private land becomes available for public hunting, Grant County would benefit economically from an increase in deer hunting activity because of increased expenditures by hunters. Private landowners are hesitant to permit public hunting because of damages caused by hunters on their properties. Landowners have also experienced economic losses because of damages caused by deer. Increased access to private land can not be expected unless private landowners are provided incentives to permit public hunting which will compensate for the economic losses resulting from deer and deer hunters on their properties. The Oregon Wildlife Commission appears most influenced by the estimate of trend in the deer population (measured in deer per mile) when determining the number of antlerless deer permits to issue for the hunting season. Change in snow depth for the previous 2 years may have a negative effect on the change in deer per mile from the previous year. The harvesting of antlerless deer may have a positive effect on the trend in the deer population. Inclusion of data on snow and antlerless harvest in the decision process may provide a better measure of the trend in size of the deer population than using only one estimate of population trend. The potential of the deer population to sustain an increased harvest was not determined. The Bayesian decision theory is suggested for use in the decision process of establishing hunting regulations and providing a better measure of whether the deer population could sustain an increased harvest. Title: Sociological, economic, and biological aspects of the deer hunting activity in Grant County, Oregon Author: Janik, Philip Joseph The specific objectives of the study were to determine the sociological and economic considerations of the private landowners and managers in Grant County, Oregon regarding their tolerances of mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus)and deer hunters on their properties, determine the attitudes of hunters who hunted deer in Grant County in 1973 and compare expectations and desires of hunters and landowners, identify the impact of temperature and snow level trends and hunting regulations on the deer population of the Northside Game Management Unit, and evaluate alternative management schemes regarding deer hunting and the effects of deer hunting activity on the economy. Grant County would have greater potential for an increase in the deer hunting activity if the density of hunters were controlled on public lands and if more private land becomes available for public hunting, Grant County would benefit economically from an increase in deer hunting activity because of increased expenditures by hunters. Private landowners are hesitant to permit public hunting because of damages caused by hunters on their properties. Landowners have also experienced economic losses because of damages caused by deer. Increased access to private land can not be expected unless private landowners are provided incentives to permit public hunting which will compensate for the economic losses resulting from deer and deer hunters on their properties. The Oregon Wildlife Commission appears most influenced by the estimate of trend in the deer population (measured in deer per mile) when determining the number of antlerless deer permits to issue for the hunting season. Change in snow depth for the previous 2 years may have a negative effect on the change in deer per mile from the previous year. The harvesting of antlerless deer may have a positive effect on the trend in the deer population. Inclusion of data on snow and antlerless harvest in the decision process may provide a better measure of the trend in size of the deer population than using only one estimate of population trend. The potential of the deer population to sustain an increased harvest was not determined. The Bayesian decision theory is suggested for use in the decision process of establishing hunting regulations and providing a better measure of whether the deer population could sustain an increased harvest. Close

• 68. [Article] Profitability, strategies and competitive position in the aquaculture sector: the Italian case

  Research Paper

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Profitability, strategies and competitive position in the aquaculture sector: the Italian case Author: Iandoli, Carla, Alaio, Eugenio Research Paper Title: Profitability, strategies and competitive position in the aquaculture sector: the Italian case Author: Iandoli, Carla, Alaio, Eugenio Research Paper Close

• 69. [Article] Geology of the Clarno Formation in the vicinity of Stephenson Mountain, Jefferson, Crook and Wheeler counties, Oregon

  The thesis area is located in north-central Oregon approximately 20 km west of the town of Mitchell. The rocks exposed in the area belong to the Clarno Formation. This study supports the informal reclassification ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Geology of the Clarno Formation in the vicinity of Stephenson Mountain, Jefferson, Crook and Wheeler counties, Oregon Author: Stroh, Harold Raymond The thesis area is located in north-central Oregon approximately 20 km west of the town of Mitchell. The rocks exposed in the area belong to the Clarno Formation. This study supports the informal reclassification of the Clarno to Group status, composed of an Upper and Lower Clarno Formation. An angular unconformity separates the two Formations. The Lower Clarno Formation is composed of a lower Ross Flat Member dominated by epiclastic sedimentary rocks and an upper Heflin Creek Member composed primarily of pyroxene andesite lavas. The Upper Clarno Formation consists of two conformable units, a lower Q,uartz-bearing Andesite Unit and an upper Pyroxene Andesite Unit. A thin sequence of rhyolite flows is found near the top of the upper unit. Andesite, dacite and rhyolite rocks intrude the lavas and sediments of the Group. When plotted on a Peacock diagram the Clarno rocks are found to be calcic. The chemical variation diagrams and AFM plot of samples, however, follow talc-alkaline trends and compare favorably with rocks considered to be talc-alkaline by others. Most of the thesis area lies on the southern flank of the east-northeast trending Sutton Mountain Syncline. The northeast trending Mitchell Anticline is found east of the project area and the Lower Clarno rocks follow its' trend. The easterly trending strike-slip Mitchell Fault cuts the northern part of the area. Strata of the area show five kilometers of right-lateral movement along the fault. The angular unconformity separating the formations is found in the eastern part of the area and has been displaced by the Mitchell Fault. The occurrence of andesitic talc-alkaline volcanism near consuming plate margins is well documented and it is possible that the Clarno rocks may be the surface manifestations of subduction. It would be well to remember, however, that "Not all talc-alkaline rocks of the interior of the western United States are related to subduction" (Robyn, 1977). Title: Geology of the Clarno Formation in the vicinity of Stephenson Mountain, Jefferson, Crook and Wheeler counties, Oregon Author: Stroh, Harold Raymond The thesis area is located in north-central Oregon approximately 20 km west of the town of Mitchell. The rocks exposed in the area belong to the Clarno Formation. This study supports the informal reclassification of the Clarno to Group status, composed of an Upper and Lower Clarno Formation. An angular unconformity separates the two Formations. The Lower Clarno Formation is composed of a lower Ross Flat Member dominated by epiclastic sedimentary rocks and an upper Heflin Creek Member composed primarily of pyroxene andesite lavas. The Upper Clarno Formation consists of two conformable units, a lower Q,uartz-bearing Andesite Unit and an upper Pyroxene Andesite Unit. A thin sequence of rhyolite flows is found near the top of the upper unit. Andesite, dacite and rhyolite rocks intrude the lavas and sediments of the Group. When plotted on a Peacock diagram the Clarno rocks are found to be calcic. The chemical variation diagrams and AFM plot of samples, however, follow talc-alkaline trends and compare favorably with rocks considered to be talc-alkaline by others. Most of the thesis area lies on the southern flank of the east-northeast trending Sutton Mountain Syncline. The northeast trending Mitchell Anticline is found east of the project area and the Lower Clarno rocks follow its' trend. The easterly trending strike-slip Mitchell Fault cuts the northern part of the area. Strata of the area show five kilometers of right-lateral movement along the fault. The angular unconformity separating the formations is found in the eastern part of the area and has been displaced by the Mitchell Fault. The occurrence of andesitic talc-alkaline volcanism near consuming plate margins is well documented and it is possible that the Clarno rocks may be the surface manifestations of subduction. It would be well to remember, however, that "Not all talc-alkaline rocks of the interior of the western United States are related to subduction" (Robyn, 1977). Close

• 70. [Article] Implementation of the Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP) Protocol in the John Day Subbasin of the Columbia Plateau Province - Technical Report 2004

  Abstract -- The Independent Scientific Review Panel (ISRP), in their guidance on monitoring, strongly recommended that the region move away from index surveys and embrace probabilistic sampling for most ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Implementation of the Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP) Protocol in the John Day Subbasin of the Columbia Plateau Province - Technical Report 2004 Abstract -- The Independent Scientific Review Panel (ISRP), in their guidance on monitoring, strongly recommended that the region move away from index surveys and embrace probabilistic sampling for most population and habitat monitoring. To meet the ISRP’s recommendation, we extended the structure and methods employed by the Oregon Plan for Salmon and Watersheds Monitoring Program to the John Day subbasin. This approach incorporates the sampling strategy of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA’s) Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP). The EMAP is a long-term research effort with a statistically based and spatially explicit sampling design. This program, successfully implemented in Oregon’s coastal watersheds, applies a rigorous, Tier-2 sampling design to answer key monitoring questions, integrate on-going sampling efforts, and improve agency coordination. The objectives of this project are to determine annual estimates of steelhead spawner escapement, juvenile salmonid rearing distributions, physical habitat conditions, smolt-to-adult survival rates (SAR), and track changes in the status and trends of these estimates over time. We began to meet these objectives in 2004 through spawning ground surveys initiated in spring and juvenile salmonid and habitat surveys during summer. In addition, data from on-going projects in the basin, such as smolt and adult monitoring, will be incorporated in future years to develop a more complete picture of status and trends in resources and life-stage specific survival not targeted under the EMAP program. We believe this project will be the vehicle to synthesize all related fish population and habitat monitoring data at the provincial and subbasin scales. ODFW, Eastern Oregon Fish Research (EOFR) Title: Implementation of the Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP) Protocol in the John Day Subbasin of the Columbia Plateau Province - Technical Report 2004 Abstract -- The Independent Scientific Review Panel (ISRP), in their guidance on monitoring, strongly recommended that the region move away from index surveys and embrace probabilistic sampling for most population and habitat monitoring. To meet the ISRP’s recommendation, we extended the structure and methods employed by the Oregon Plan for Salmon and Watersheds Monitoring Program to the John Day subbasin. This approach incorporates the sampling strategy of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA’s) Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP). The EMAP is a long-term research effort with a statistically based and spatially explicit sampling design. This program, successfully implemented in Oregon’s coastal watersheds, applies a rigorous, Tier-2 sampling design to answer key monitoring questions, integrate on-going sampling efforts, and improve agency coordination. The objectives of this project are to determine annual estimates of steelhead spawner escapement, juvenile salmonid rearing distributions, physical habitat conditions, smolt-to-adult survival rates (SAR), and track changes in the status and trends of these estimates over time. We began to meet these objectives in 2004 through spawning ground surveys initiated in spring and juvenile salmonid and habitat surveys during summer. In addition, data from on-going projects in the basin, such as smolt and adult monitoring, will be incorporated in future years to develop a more complete picture of status and trends in resources and life-stage specific survival not targeted under the EMAP program. We believe this project will be the vehicle to synthesize all related fish population and habitat monitoring data at the provincial and subbasin scales. ODFW, Eastern Oregon Fish Research (EOFR) Close