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• 61. [Article] Legislator Gender and Trade Policy Preference

  Submitted to the Undergraduate Library Research Award scholarship competition: 2010-2011. 20 p.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Legislator Gender and Trade Policy Preference Author: Yoder, Nathan Year: 2011 Submitted to the Undergraduate Library Research Award scholarship competition: 2010-2011. 20 p. Title: Legislator Gender and Trade Policy Preference Author: Yoder, Nathan Year: 2011 Submitted to the Undergraduate Library Research Award scholarship competition: 2010-2011. 20 p. Close

• 62. [Article] Academic standing by college, class, gender, Winter 2006

  Academic standing of undergraduate students by college, class and gender, Winter 2006 (200602).

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Academic standing by college, class, gender, Winter 2006 Author: Rhodes, Mary Academic standing of undergraduate students by college, class and gender, Winter 2006 (200602). Title: Academic standing by college, class, gender, Winter 2006 Author: Rhodes, Mary Academic standing of undergraduate students by college, class and gender, Winter 2006 (200602). Close

• 63. [Article] The effects of teacher gender on mathematics achievement of first-grade students

  Purpose of the Study The purpose of the study was to determine whether there were significant statistical differences in achievement between first-grade students taught mathematics by male teachers as ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The effects of teacher gender on mathematics achievement of first-grade students Author: Barnett, Werner Joseph Purpose of the Study The purpose of the study was to determine whether there were significant statistical differences in achievement between first-grade students taught mathematics by male teachers as compared to first-grade students taught mathematics by female teachers. A substantive hypothesis was formed, which stated: "This writer hypothesizes that mean-gain scores are independent of teacher gender." Two null hypotheses were formed and tested: (1) Acquisition of mathematics concepts by first-grade students will not be affected significantly by teacher gender as measured by the SRA Assessment Series; and (2) Acquisition of mathematics computation knowledge by first-grade students will not be affected significantly by teacher gender as measured by the SRA Assessment Series. Six subhypotheses were formed for each null hypothesis. The sub-hypotheses dealt with all possible combinations of teacher-student groupings. Procedures A total of 206 first-grade students participated in the study. Four male first-grade teachers were found. Six female first-grade teachers were matched with the male first-grade teachers. A pre-test was administered to the students in October and early November. A posttest was administered to the same students in May. Differences in the results of these two tests were computed as mean-gain scores. The null hypotheses were tested by analysis of covariance. The sub-hypotheses had all possible t-tests applied to them. Findings The findings of this study indicated the need to reject null hypothesis number one and number two. The effect of teacher gender was statistically significant for these null hypotheses. Students taught by male teachers had significantly higher mean-gain scores than students taught by female teachers. The gender of the student was not significant. Five of the twelve sub-hypotheses also had to be rejected due to the effects of teacher gender. Recommendations In view of the findings of this study, the writer offers the follow ing recommendations to schools of teacher education, public schools, and other groups concerned with having a balance of male and female teachers throughout the range of grade levels and subject matter: 1. Dropping the barriers that may prevent either gender from teaching at any grade or subject area. 2. Exercising strict control over such variables as quality of teachers, enthusiasm for teaching, and views on testing needs and procedure, before attempting a study of the influence of teacher gender. 3. Researching further in other areas of the curriculum to see if there are differences due to teacher gender in these other areas. 4. Conducting needed long-range studies of the effect of teacher gender on primary-grade students. 5. Using a large population of subjects to do research in the area of both social and academic influence exerted by teacher gender. 6. Conducting studies of the effects of items on the survey to determine the importance of each as it relates to mathematics achievement. Title: The effects of teacher gender on mathematics achievement of first-grade students Author: Barnett, Werner Joseph Purpose of the Study The purpose of the study was to determine whether there were significant statistical differences in achievement between first-grade students taught mathematics by male teachers as compared to first-grade students taught mathematics by female teachers. A substantive hypothesis was formed, which stated: "This writer hypothesizes that mean-gain scores are independent of teacher gender." Two null hypotheses were formed and tested: (1) Acquisition of mathematics concepts by first-grade students will not be affected significantly by teacher gender as measured by the SRA Assessment Series; and (2) Acquisition of mathematics computation knowledge by first-grade students will not be affected significantly by teacher gender as measured by the SRA Assessment Series. Six subhypotheses were formed for each null hypothesis. The sub-hypotheses dealt with all possible combinations of teacher-student groupings. Procedures A total of 206 first-grade students participated in the study. Four male first-grade teachers were found. Six female first-grade teachers were matched with the male first-grade teachers. A pre-test was administered to the students in October and early November. A posttest was administered to the same students in May. Differences in the results of these two tests were computed as mean-gain scores. The null hypotheses were tested by analysis of covariance. The sub-hypotheses had all possible t-tests applied to them. Findings The findings of this study indicated the need to reject null hypothesis number one and number two. The effect of teacher gender was statistically significant for these null hypotheses. Students taught by male teachers had significantly higher mean-gain scores than students taught by female teachers. The gender of the student was not significant. Five of the twelve sub-hypotheses also had to be rejected due to the effects of teacher gender. Recommendations In view of the findings of this study, the writer offers the follow ing recommendations to schools of teacher education, public schools, and other groups concerned with having a balance of male and female teachers throughout the range of grade levels and subject matter: 1. Dropping the barriers that may prevent either gender from teaching at any grade or subject area. 2. Exercising strict control over such variables as quality of teachers, enthusiasm for teaching, and views on testing needs and procedure, before attempting a study of the influence of teacher gender. 3. Researching further in other areas of the curriculum to see if there are differences due to teacher gender in these other areas. 4. Conducting needed long-range studies of the effect of teacher gender on primary-grade students. 5. Using a large population of subjects to do research in the area of both social and academic influence exerted by teacher gender. 6. Conducting studies of the effects of items on the survey to determine the importance of each as it relates to mathematics achievement. Close

• 64. [Article] Feminist Identity, Feminist Politics: U.S. Feminists’ Attitudes toward Social Policies

  Feminist scholars and activists have endorsed a broad and intersectional political agenda that addresses multiple dimensions of inequality, such as gender, sexuality, race/ethnicity, and class. We examine ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Feminist Identity, Feminist Politics: U.S. Feminists’ Attitudes toward Social Policies Author: Kelly, Maura, Gauchat, Gordon Year: 2016 Feminist scholars and activists have endorsed a broad and intersectional political agenda that addresses multiple dimensions of inequality, such as gender, sexuality, race/ethnicity, and class. We examine whether or not this perspective is also held by self-identified feminists in the general public. Drawing on public opinion polls from 2007 to 2009, we assess self-identified feminists’ attitudes toward a range of social policies. We find that after controlling for sociodemographic factors and political ideology, feminist identity is associated with progressive attitudes on policies related to gender and sexuality (e.g., abortion) as well as policies related to other social justice issues (e.g., immigration, health care). We also find some interactions between feminist identity and gender, age, education, and political ideology, suggesting some heterogeneity in feminists’ political attitudes. Overall, these findings suggest that feminists in the general public support an intersectional social justice agenda rather than a narrow focus on gender issues. Title: Feminist Identity, Feminist Politics: U.S. Feminists’ Attitudes toward Social Policies Author: Kelly, Maura, Gauchat, Gordon Year: 2016 Feminist scholars and activists have endorsed a broad and intersectional political agenda that addresses multiple dimensions of inequality, such as gender, sexuality, race/ethnicity, and class. We examine whether or not this perspective is also held by self-identified feminists in the general public. Drawing on public opinion polls from 2007 to 2009, we assess self-identified feminists’ attitudes toward a range of social policies. We find that after controlling for sociodemographic factors and political ideology, feminist identity is associated with progressive attitudes on policies related to gender and sexuality (e.g., abortion) as well as policies related to other social justice issues (e.g., immigration, health care). We also find some interactions between feminist identity and gender, age, education, and political ideology, suggesting some heterogeneity in feminists’ political attitudes. Overall, these findings suggest that feminists in the general public support an intersectional social justice agenda rather than a narrow focus on gender issues. Close

• 65. [Article] Gender Inequality in Deliberative Participation

  Can men and women have equal levels of voice and authority in deliberation or does deliberation exacerbate gender inequality? Does increasing women's descriptive representation in deliberation increase ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Gender Inequality in Deliberative Participation Author: Karpowitz, Christopher F., Mendelberg, Tali, Shaker, Lee Year: 2012 Can men and women have equal levels of voice and authority in deliberation or does deliberation exacerbate gender inequality? Does increasing women's descriptive representation in deliberation increase their voice and authority? We answer these questions and move beyond the debate by hypothesizing that the group's gender composition interacts with its decision rule to exacerbate or erase the inequalities. We test this hypothesis and various alternatives, using experimental data with many groups and links between individuals' attitudes and speech. We find a substantial gender gap in voice and authority, but as hypothesized, it disappears under unanimous rule and few women, or under majority rule and many women. Deliberative design can avoid inequality by fitting institutional procedure to the social context of the situation. Title: Gender Inequality in Deliberative Participation Author: Karpowitz, Christopher F., Mendelberg, Tali, Shaker, Lee Year: 2012 Can men and women have equal levels of voice and authority in deliberation or does deliberation exacerbate gender inequality? Does increasing women's descriptive representation in deliberation increase their voice and authority? We answer these questions and move beyond the debate by hypothesizing that the group's gender composition interacts with its decision rule to exacerbate or erase the inequalities. We test this hypothesis and various alternatives, using experimental data with many groups and links between individuals' attitudes and speech. We find a substantial gender gap in voice and authority, but as hypothesized, it disappears under unanimous rule and few women, or under majority rule and many women. Deliberative design can avoid inequality by fitting institutional procedure to the social context of the situation. Close

• 66. [Article] On the Relevance of Gender in the Analysis of Discourse: A Case Study from Hillary Rodham Clinton’s Presidential Bid in 2007–2008

  This article presents an analysis of politicians’ laughter in broadcast news interviews and of mass media representations of Hillary Rodham Clinton’s laughter during her failed bid for the Democratic nomination ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: On the Relevance of Gender in the Analysis of Discourse: A Case Study from Hillary Rodham Clinton’s Presidential Bid in 2007–2008 Author: Romaniuk, Tanya Year: 2016 This article presents an analysis of politicians’ laughter in broadcast news interviews and of mass media representations of Hillary Rodham Clinton’s laughter during her failed bid for the Democratic nomination for President of the United States in 2007–2008. It examines spoken, interactional data and written, representational data, each requiring different theoretical and methodological apparatus. The first component of the analysis employs the methodological framework of Conversation Analysis to examine the interactional work accomplished by Clinton’s laughter and other politicians in situ (i.e. in the interviews themselves). The second component employs an indexical approach to analyze the post-hoc recontextualization of Clinton’s laughter by mainstream media as a gendered representation, namely, as a ‘cackle’. Analyzing Clinton’s laughter in talk-in-interaction and its subsequent representation in talk-out-of-interaction reveals how communicative behavior that is not gendered by original participants may nevertheless become gendered by other participants. This article thus makes a distinctive contribution to a central question in discourse studies – when exogenous categories such as gender should be invoked as an explanatory category. Title: On the Relevance of Gender in the Analysis of Discourse: A Case Study from Hillary Rodham Clinton’s Presidential Bid in 2007–2008 Author: Romaniuk, Tanya Year: 2016 This article presents an analysis of politicians’ laughter in broadcast news interviews and of mass media representations of Hillary Rodham Clinton’s laughter during her failed bid for the Democratic nomination for President of the United States in 2007–2008. It examines spoken, interactional data and written, representational data, each requiring different theoretical and methodological apparatus. The first component of the analysis employs the methodological framework of Conversation Analysis to examine the interactional work accomplished by Clinton’s laughter and other politicians in situ (i.e. in the interviews themselves). The second component employs an indexical approach to analyze the post-hoc recontextualization of Clinton’s laughter by mainstream media as a gendered representation, namely, as a ‘cackle’. Analyzing Clinton’s laughter in talk-in-interaction and its subsequent representation in talk-out-of-interaction reveals how communicative behavior that is not gendered by original participants may nevertheless become gendered by other participants. This article thus makes a distinctive contribution to a central question in discourse studies – when exogenous categories such as gender should be invoked as an explanatory category. Close

• 67. [Article] Gender Discrimination in Education and Its Impact on Economic Growth: A Cross Country Panel Study

  Studies suggest that higher investment in human capital boosts economic growth by increased productivity. Education is considered to improve human capital, but it takes relatively long to achieve progress ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Gender Discrimination in Education and Its Impact on Economic Growth: A Cross Country Panel Study Author: Fouzia, Sultana Zeenat Studies suggest that higher investment in human capital boosts economic growth by increased productivity. Education is considered to improve human capital, but it takes relatively long to achieve progress in education. Literacy of female population holds particular importance as it has both direct and indirect effect on growth. Apart from individual productivity, female literacy has positive effect on reducing fertility, improving health and nutrition of family and education of future generations. Using cross country data and panel regression, this study intends to explore how the gender gap in education at different levels of attainment affects GDP growth. This study found that female education, especially secondary education, is positively associated with economic growth. It found mixed results for the impact of gender gap on economic growth. In recent times, national development strategies of many countries have been expanded to focus on social development issues like health, education, environment and gender equality along with GDP growth. But, countries with very limited resources have to prioritize the investment policy. This study will be helpful for policymakers to redefine the budgetary policy to maximize the return in both monetary and non-monetary terms and thus address the persistent issues of poverty and inequality. Title: Gender Discrimination in Education and Its Impact on Economic Growth: A Cross Country Panel Study Author: Fouzia, Sultana Zeenat Studies suggest that higher investment in human capital boosts economic growth by increased productivity. Education is considered to improve human capital, but it takes relatively long to achieve progress in education. Literacy of female population holds particular importance as it has both direct and indirect effect on growth. Apart from individual productivity, female literacy has positive effect on reducing fertility, improving health and nutrition of family and education of future generations. Using cross country data and panel regression, this study intends to explore how the gender gap in education at different levels of attainment affects GDP growth. This study found that female education, especially secondary education, is positively associated with economic growth. It found mixed results for the impact of gender gap on economic growth. In recent times, national development strategies of many countries have been expanded to focus on social development issues like health, education, environment and gender equality along with GDP growth. But, countries with very limited resources have to prioritize the investment policy. This study will be helpful for policymakers to redefine the budgetary policy to maximize the return in both monetary and non-monetary terms and thus address the persistent issues of poverty and inequality. Close

• 68. [Article] An Introduction to Scientific Masculinities

  This is the publisher’s final pdf. The article is copyrighted by the History of Science Society and published by the University of Chicago Press. It can be found at: http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/to...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: An Introduction to Scientific Masculinities Author: Nye, Robert A., Milam, Erika Lorraine This is the publisher’s final pdf. The article is copyrighted by the History of Science Society and published by the University of Chicago Press. It can be found at: http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/toc/osiris/current. Title: An Introduction to Scientific Masculinities Author: Nye, Robert A., Milam, Erika Lorraine This is the publisher’s final pdf. The article is copyrighted by the History of Science Society and published by the University of Chicago Press. It can be found at: http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/toc/osiris/current. Close

• 69. [Article] "Born of ourselves" : gendered doubling and the femme fatale in Vernon Lee's ghost stories

  This thesis examines the characterization of the femme fatale and the implications of this trope for late-Victorian gender and sexuality in the ghost stories of female aesthete Vernon Lee. In her treatment ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: "Born of ourselves" : gendered doubling and the femme fatale in Vernon Lee's ghost stories Author: Delf, Liz This thesis examines the characterization of the femme fatale and the implications of this trope for late-Victorian gender and sexuality in the ghost stories of female aesthete Vernon Lee. In her treatment of the femme fatale figure, Lee both reinforces and complicates the image of the sexualized, often bestialized woman as an object for the male gaze by blurring the boundaries of gender, sex roles, and forms of empowerment. In closely examining these figures in Lee's work, I clarify the complexity and dynamism of Lee’s project as a woman on the threshold of a new century. Through close reading and analysis of the primary texts, as well as incorporation of secondary critical work and literary theory, I explore issues of doubling, androgyny, religion, and decadence in three fin de siècle stories. This thesis challenges the notion of Decadents and New Women as discrete categorizations, as well as recent critical attempts to claim Lee as a contemporary feminist. Acknowledging the liminality and ambivalence of Lee's writing and life, my project complicates and expands on our understanding of gender politics and literature at the end of the nineteenth century. Title: "Born of ourselves" : gendered doubling and the femme fatale in Vernon Lee's ghost stories Author: Delf, Liz This thesis examines the characterization of the femme fatale and the implications of this trope for late-Victorian gender and sexuality in the ghost stories of female aesthete Vernon Lee. In her treatment of the femme fatale figure, Lee both reinforces and complicates the image of the sexualized, often bestialized woman as an object for the male gaze by blurring the boundaries of gender, sex roles, and forms of empowerment. In closely examining these figures in Lee's work, I clarify the complexity and dynamism of Lee’s project as a woman on the threshold of a new century. Through close reading and analysis of the primary texts, as well as incorporation of secondary critical work and literary theory, I explore issues of doubling, androgyny, religion, and decadence in three fin de siècle stories. This thesis challenges the notion of Decadents and New Women as discrete categorizations, as well as recent critical attempts to claim Lee as a contemporary feminist. Acknowledging the liminality and ambivalence of Lee's writing and life, my project complicates and expands on our understanding of gender politics and literature at the end of the nineteenth century. Close

• 70. [Article] Gender and Willingness-to-pay for Recreational Benefits from Water Quality Improvements

  The economics literature has recently turned its attention to the existence of gender differences in various aspects of choice behaviour. This paper focuses upon such differences as may exist in the valuation ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Gender and Willingness-to-pay for Recreational Benefits from Water Quality Improvements Author: Dupont, Diane P. Year: 2001 The economics literature has recently turned its attention to the existence of gender differences in various aspects of choice behaviour. This paper focuses upon such differences as may exist in the valuation of environmental resources. Firstly, the paper presents several reasons why women are expected to have a lower willingness-to-pay (WTP) for environmental improvements than do men. Secondly, in order to establish the empirical extent of gender differences the paper presents a model for estimating individual-specific benefits from environmental improvements. CVM referenda data from are collected and used in a double-bounded probit model to estimate female versus male WTP for remedial actions designed to improve three different water-based recreational activities in a previously highly polluted area. For these data, the paper finds that, even after controlling for income differences, women consistently have lower WTP values. The findings in this paper have potentially important consequences for the subsequent calculation of aggregate benefits from contingent valuation models that ignore the role of gender. Since women generally constitute about one half of a population base, turning a blind eye to gender means that aggregate WTP values will overstate the extent of benefits from environmental improvements. Title: Gender and Willingness-to-pay for Recreational Benefits from Water Quality Improvements Author: Dupont, Diane P. Year: 2001 The economics literature has recently turned its attention to the existence of gender differences in various aspects of choice behaviour. This paper focuses upon such differences as may exist in the valuation of environmental resources. Firstly, the paper presents several reasons why women are expected to have a lower willingness-to-pay (WTP) for environmental improvements than do men. Secondly, in order to establish the empirical extent of gender differences the paper presents a model for estimating individual-specific benefits from environmental improvements. CVM referenda data from are collected and used in a double-bounded probit model to estimate female versus male WTP for remedial actions designed to improve three different water-based recreational activities in a previously highly polluted area. For these data, the paper finds that, even after controlling for income differences, women consistently have lower WTP values. The findings in this paper have potentially important consequences for the subsequent calculation of aggregate benefits from contingent valuation models that ignore the role of gender. Since women generally constitute about one half of a population base, turning a blind eye to gender means that aggregate WTP values will overstate the extent of benefits from environmental improvements. Close