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• 61. [Article] Essays on nursery labor, sales contracts, and price discovery

  Oregon's nursery and greenhouse industry has ranked the first in the State's agricultural for 18 years. The majority of nursery sales from the Pacific Northwest come from Oregon. Due to data limitations, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Essays on nursery labor, sales contracts, and price discovery Author: Li, Cheng Oregon's nursery and greenhouse industry has ranked the first in the State's agricultural for 18 years. The majority of nursery sales from the Pacific Northwest come from Oregon. Due to data limitations, empirical study of the Oregon nursery industry is rare. The present dissertation consists of three essays that analyze the demand and supply of inputs and outputs and the relationship between producers and retailers in the Oregon nursery industry. Chapter 2 identifies the major factors affecting farm labor supply and demand and evaluates their relative importance in the Oregon nursery industry from 1991 to 2008. Empirical results show that border control effort doesn't have an influential role in labor supply, while the Oregon and Mexican minimum wage do. It is because of the substantial gap between the U.S. and Mexican economies, reflected for an example in the minimum wage gap, which attracts a continual flow of immigrants. Risk of border apprehension is not great enough to prevent the flow. Increases in Oregon minimum wage is more effective than border apprehension policies in boosting the average wage and in reducing the number of hours that illegal immigrants work in the nursery sector. Chapter 3 investigates producers' and retailers' choices of, and reactions to, various contract types in the Oregon nursery industry from 2005 to 2010. As new and fast-growing retailers in the industry, big-box stores are less likely than independent retailers to make pre-order contracts with the producer. However, once a pre-order contract is chosen, big-box stores demand more days of pre-order interval than independent retailers do. Transactions with independent retailers exhibit – on average over the sample range – scale economies and scope diseconomies. Boosting per-transaction revenue scale and the number of species sold to big-box stores enhances transaction efficiency. Chapter 4 examines the interaction between supply and demand in Oregon nursery products. The result indicates that the production and transaction costs are major drivers on the supply side, while transportation costs and consumer demand for nursery products play important roles on the demand side. At the genus level, the supply elasticities of coniferous plants are larger than those of deciduous plants, which in turn are higher than those of flowering plants. The demand elasticities are the lowest in coniferous trees followed by deciduous plants, then flowering plants. Price discounts on plants with high demand elasticities would significantly boost sales and enlarge the market, while those on plants with low demand elasticities would have less sales impact. Empirically, patenting seems to bring no direct signs of greater profitability. The wholesale nursery may wish to reconsider the pricing and marketing policies of its patented plants to differentiate them more effectively from its non-patented plants. Title: Essays on nursery labor, sales contracts, and price discovery Author: Li, Cheng Oregon's nursery and greenhouse industry has ranked the first in the State's agricultural for 18 years. The majority of nursery sales from the Pacific Northwest come from Oregon. Due to data limitations, empirical study of the Oregon nursery industry is rare. The present dissertation consists of three essays that analyze the demand and supply of inputs and outputs and the relationship between producers and retailers in the Oregon nursery industry. Chapter 2 identifies the major factors affecting farm labor supply and demand and evaluates their relative importance in the Oregon nursery industry from 1991 to 2008. Empirical results show that border control effort doesn't have an influential role in labor supply, while the Oregon and Mexican minimum wage do. It is because of the substantial gap between the U.S. and Mexican economies, reflected for an example in the minimum wage gap, which attracts a continual flow of immigrants. Risk of border apprehension is not great enough to prevent the flow. Increases in Oregon minimum wage is more effective than border apprehension policies in boosting the average wage and in reducing the number of hours that illegal immigrants work in the nursery sector. Chapter 3 investigates producers' and retailers' choices of, and reactions to, various contract types in the Oregon nursery industry from 2005 to 2010. As new and fast-growing retailers in the industry, big-box stores are less likely than independent retailers to make pre-order contracts with the producer. However, once a pre-order contract is chosen, big-box stores demand more days of pre-order interval than independent retailers do. Transactions with independent retailers exhibit – on average over the sample range – scale economies and scope diseconomies. Boosting per-transaction revenue scale and the number of species sold to big-box stores enhances transaction efficiency. Chapter 4 examines the interaction between supply and demand in Oregon nursery products. The result indicates that the production and transaction costs are major drivers on the supply side, while transportation costs and consumer demand for nursery products play important roles on the demand side. At the genus level, the supply elasticities of coniferous plants are larger than those of deciduous plants, which in turn are higher than those of flowering plants. The demand elasticities are the lowest in coniferous trees followed by deciduous plants, then flowering plants. Price discounts on plants with high demand elasticities would significantly boost sales and enlarge the market, while those on plants with low demand elasticities would have less sales impact. Empirically, patenting seems to bring no direct signs of greater profitability. The wholesale nursery may wish to reconsider the pricing and marketing policies of its patented plants to differentiate them more effectively from its non-patented plants. Close

• 62. [Image] A caterpillar is leveling land on the Kelley Ranch near Malin, Oregon

  	KP-1196-R2 - Klamath Project. Region II. Because of the great demand for food and consequent high prices that can be secured from the sale of produce, it is now possible to bring large areas of land into ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: A caterpillar is leveling land on the Kelley Ranch near Malin, Oregon Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation, Fluharty, J.E. Year: 1946, 2006, 2005 KP-1196-R2 - Klamath Project. Region II. Because of the great demand for food and consequent high prices that can be secured from the sale of produce, it is now possible to bring large areas of land into production by leveling this land for irrigated farming. In this case the D-8 caterpillar is pulling a 18-yard carryall that is leveling the sand dunes 10 feet high. This photograph was made on the Kelley Ranch near Malin, Oregon in the Klamath Project; June 25, 1946; Photo by J. E. Fluharty Title: A caterpillar is leveling land on the Kelley Ranch near Malin, Oregon Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation, Fluharty, J.E. Year: 1946, 2006, 2005 KP-1196-R2 - Klamath Project. Region II. Because of the great demand for food and consequent high prices that can be secured from the sale of produce, it is now possible to bring large areas of land into production by leveling this land for irrigated farming. In this case the D-8 caterpillar is pulling a 18-yard carryall that is leveling the sand dunes 10 feet high. This photograph was made on the Kelley Ranch near Malin, Oregon in the Klamath Project; June 25, 1946; Photo by J. E. Fluharty Close

• 63. [Article] Agricultural export promotion and economic structure : an historical perspective

  The United States has had a long history of promoting agricultural exports, and the return to conditions of extreme surplus in many agricultural markets in recent years has revived interest in this topic. ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Agricultural export promotion and economic structure : an historical perspective Author: Townsend, Terry P. The United States has had a long history of promoting agricultural exports, and the return to conditions of extreme surplus in many agricultural markets in recent years has revived interest in this topic. Some products received imperial bounties during our colonial era, but the systematic collection of trade statistics for the purpose of investigating agricultural export opportunities did not begin until 1883. In the early 1890's, agents were sent to Europe to promote the use of corn as a human food. With the entry of the United States into World War I, massive government shipments for relief purposes were authorized, and the value of commodities exported under government programs reached a similar magnitude during World War II. Since World War II, numerous government programs such as Section 32 subsidies, soft currency sales, long-term dollar credits, barter, disaster relief and short-term credit sales have been used to increase agricultural exports. However, the long-run implications of these increases deserve consideration. Research in the field of international economic development has indicated that the emphasis of primary product exports may retard beneficial structural change in small primary product oriented economies. Research to test the applicability of these theories to farm states with small populations seems justified in light of recent interest in economic development. Patterns of income growth in the states of North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, Montana, Idaho and Arkansas, as well as four other small manufacturing states and seven large states were studied for evidence of structural change in response to increased agricultural exports. The evidence indicates that the large increases in agricultural export values seen since 1958 have speeded, not delayed, the process of structural change in the farm states. Consequently, the fear that increased exports will encourage a heightened dependence on agriculture in these states seems not to be borne out. Title: Agricultural export promotion and economic structure : an historical perspective Author: Townsend, Terry P. The United States has had a long history of promoting agricultural exports, and the return to conditions of extreme surplus in many agricultural markets in recent years has revived interest in this topic. Some products received imperial bounties during our colonial era, but the systematic collection of trade statistics for the purpose of investigating agricultural export opportunities did not begin until 1883. In the early 1890's, agents were sent to Europe to promote the use of corn as a human food. With the entry of the United States into World War I, massive government shipments for relief purposes were authorized, and the value of commodities exported under government programs reached a similar magnitude during World War II. Since World War II, numerous government programs such as Section 32 subsidies, soft currency sales, long-term dollar credits, barter, disaster relief and short-term credit sales have been used to increase agricultural exports. However, the long-run implications of these increases deserve consideration. Research in the field of international economic development has indicated that the emphasis of primary product exports may retard beneficial structural change in small primary product oriented economies. Research to test the applicability of these theories to farm states with small populations seems justified in light of recent interest in economic development. Patterns of income growth in the states of North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, Montana, Idaho and Arkansas, as well as four other small manufacturing states and seven large states were studied for evidence of structural change in response to increased agricultural exports. The evidence indicates that the large increases in agricultural export values seen since 1958 have speeded, not delayed, the process of structural change in the farm states. Consequently, the fear that increased exports will encourage a heightened dependence on agriculture in these states seems not to be borne out. Close

• 64. [Article] Farmer-to-consumer marketing, 3 : merchandising, pricing, and promotional strategies

  Revised June 2009. A more recent revision exists. Please check for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Farmer-to-consumer marketing, 3 : merchandising, pricing, and promotional strategies Author: Washington State University. Extension, Pacific Northwest Cooperative Extension, United States. Dept. of Agriculture, University of Idaho. Extension, Wolfley, Blair F., Oregon State University. Extension Service, Burt, Lawrence A. Revised June 2009. A more recent revision exists. Please check for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog Title: Farmer-to-consumer marketing, 3 : merchandising, pricing, and promotional strategies Author: Washington State University. Extension, Pacific Northwest Cooperative Extension, United States. Dept. of Agriculture, University of Idaho. Extension, Wolfley, Blair F., Oregon State University. Extension Service, Burt, Lawrence A. Revised June 2009. A more recent revision exists. Please check for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog Close

• 65. [Article] The Economics of Recirculation Aquaculture

  This paper investigates the financial and economic efficiencies of three scales of recirculation aquaculture production growing Murray Cod (Maccullochelli peelli peelli) at tonnages of 25 tonne, 50 tonne ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Economics of Recirculation Aquaculture Author: Forster, Anthony, Rawlinson, Peter Year: 2001 This paper investigates the financial and economic efficiencies of three scales of recirculation aquaculture production growing Murray Cod (Maccullochelli peelli peelli) at tonnages of 25 tonne, 50 tonne and 150 tonne. Best practice industry data is used (growth, FCR, mortality, equipment and running costs) in conjunction with AQUAFarmer feasibility software1 to determine the relationship between key bio-economic variables such as the sale price of the product, FCR, stocking density and growth. Title: The Economics of Recirculation Aquaculture Author: Forster, Anthony, Rawlinson, Peter Year: 2001 This paper investigates the financial and economic efficiencies of three scales of recirculation aquaculture production growing Murray Cod (Maccullochelli peelli peelli) at tonnages of 25 tonne, 50 tonne and 150 tonne. Best practice industry data is used (growth, FCR, mortality, equipment and running costs) in conjunction with AQUAFarmer feasibility software1 to determine the relationship between key bio-economic variables such as the sale price of the product, FCR, stocking density and growth. Close

• 66. [Image] Dairy barn and herd

  	Dairy research has a long history at OSU; the university has had a fully functional dairy for more than 100 years. Milk from the herd has been used for dairy products research and to produce ice cream ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Dairy barn and herd Year: 1947 Dairy research has a long history at OSU; the university has had a fully functional dairy for more than 100 years. Milk from the herd has been used for dairy products research and to produce ice cream and cheese for sale. The barns in the photo were destroyed by fire in 1968, but were soon rebuilt. Current research centers on ruminant nutrition, reproduction, animal health and behavior, herd management, and crop/grass production. Artisanal cheese production is a research focus in food science and technology. Title: Dairy barn and herd Year: 1947 Dairy research has a long history at OSU; the university has had a fully functional dairy for more than 100 years. Milk from the herd has been used for dairy products research and to produce ice cream and cheese for sale. The barns in the photo were destroyed by fire in 1968, but were soon rebuilt. Current research centers on ruminant nutrition, reproduction, animal health and behavior, herd management, and crop/grass production. Artisanal cheese production is a research focus in food science and technology. Close

• 67. [Image] Work plan for adaptive management : Klamath River Basin, Oregon & California

  	"May 19, 2004"
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Work plan for adaptive management : Klamath River Basin, Oregon & California Author: United States. Natural Resources Conservation Service Year: 2004, 2005 "May 19, 2004" Title: Work plan for adaptive management : Klamath River Basin, Oregon & California Author: United States. Natural Resources Conservation Service Year: 2004, 2005 "May 19, 2004" Close

• 68. [Image] Ousterhout Vineyard

  	Ousterhout Vineyard, shown here with Agate Ridge in the background, employs a lyre trellis system.
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Ousterhout Vineyard Author: MJ Daspit; Eric Weisinger, Ousterhout Wine & Vineyard (Or.) Ousterhout Vineyard, shown here with Agate Ridge in the background, employs a lyre trellis system. Title: Ousterhout Vineyard Author: MJ Daspit; Eric Weisinger, Ousterhout Wine & Vineyard (Or.) Ousterhout Vineyard, shown here with Agate Ridge in the background, employs a lyre trellis system. Close

• 69. [Image] John Ousterhout and the Family Tractor

  	The size of the family tractor was one reason why John Ousterhout planted his grapes in wide rows.
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: John Ousterhout and the Family Tractor Author: Ousterhout Wine & Vineyard (Or.), John Ousterhout Year: 2000 The size of the family tractor was one reason why John Ousterhout planted his grapes in wide rows. Title: John Ousterhout and the Family Tractor Author: Ousterhout Wine & Vineyard (Or.), John Ousterhout Year: 2000 The size of the family tractor was one reason why John Ousterhout planted his grapes in wide rows. Close

• 70. [Image] John Ousterhout and Gretchen Hunter

  	John Ousterhout and daughter Gretchen Hunter stand in front of a row of Sauvignon Blanc.
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: John Ousterhout and Gretchen Hunter Author: Ousterhout Wine & Vineyard (Or.), Maureen Battistella Year: 2014 John Ousterhout and daughter Gretchen Hunter stand in front of a row of Sauvignon Blanc. Title: John Ousterhout and Gretchen Hunter Author: Ousterhout Wine & Vineyard (Or.), Maureen Battistella Year: 2014 John Ousterhout and daughter Gretchen Hunter stand in front of a row of Sauvignon Blanc. Close