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• 51. [Article] Lower Deschutes River, Oregon: discharge and the fish environment

  This is a report of data and observations gathered during the Lower Deschutes Flow Study. The authors describe the area’s geography, topography, and geology. The work covers Deschutes River stream discharges ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Lower Deschutes River, Oregon: discharge and the fish environment Author: Montgomery, Monty L., Aney, Warren W., Lichens, Allan B. This is a report of data and observations gathered during the Lower Deschutes Flow Study. The authors describe the area’s geography, topography, and geology. The work covers Deschutes River stream discharges and regulations, as well as its biological contents. It continues with a focus on salmonid spawning, including a study of water flow over spawning gravels, dissolved oxygen, gravel permeability, and temperatures for water around spawning beds. There are extensive maps, charts, tables, and photographs. Title: Lower Deschutes River, Oregon: discharge and the fish environment Author: Montgomery, Monty L., Aney, Warren W., Lichens, Allan B. This is a report of data and observations gathered during the Lower Deschutes Flow Study. The authors describe the area’s geography, topography, and geology. The work covers Deschutes River stream discharges and regulations, as well as its biological contents. It continues with a focus on salmonid spawning, including a study of water flow over spawning gravels, dissolved oxygen, gravel permeability, and temperatures for water around spawning beds. There are extensive maps, charts, tables, and photographs. Close

• 52. [Article] Automated water balance procedure for large-scale experimental databases based on soil moisture

  Based on the determination of the zero-flux plane, a water balance procedure for large-scale experimental databases was automated to estimate the soil water balance based on soil water content distribution ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Automated water balance procedure for large-scale experimental databases based on soil moisture Author: Grayson, Susana Maria Based on the determination of the zero-flux plane, a water balance procedure for large-scale experimental databases was automated to estimate the soil water balance based on soil water content distribution with depth through time. The automated procedure was verified using data from the BOREAS project obtained in three Intensive Field Campaigns during the spring and summer of 1994. The data used correspond to four tower sites measuring atmospheric fluxes above the forest canopy from the Northern and Southern Study Areas and are designated according to the predominant vegetation in the area as Old Jack Pine and Young Jack Pine. The total hydraulic head through time at these sites is determined to identify the position of the zero-flux plane, which separates that part of the soil profile in which water flow is upward from the region in which the water flow is downward. In conjunction with precipitation and soil water content data, the procedure allows estimation of the actual soil water balance, the water used from the region above the zero-flux plane being evapotranspiration, and the change in soil water content below the mean zero-flux plane being drainage. Prior to this study, no published attempt had been made to automate a water balance procedure for large-scale experimental databases based on the position of the zero-flux plane and soil water content distribution through time. Title: Automated water balance procedure for large-scale experimental databases based on soil moisture Author: Grayson, Susana Maria Based on the determination of the zero-flux plane, a water balance procedure for large-scale experimental databases was automated to estimate the soil water balance based on soil water content distribution with depth through time. The automated procedure was verified using data from the BOREAS project obtained in three Intensive Field Campaigns during the spring and summer of 1994. The data used correspond to four tower sites measuring atmospheric fluxes above the forest canopy from the Northern and Southern Study Areas and are designated according to the predominant vegetation in the area as Old Jack Pine and Young Jack Pine. The total hydraulic head through time at these sites is determined to identify the position of the zero-flux plane, which separates that part of the soil profile in which water flow is upward from the region in which the water flow is downward. In conjunction with precipitation and soil water content data, the procedure allows estimation of the actual soil water balance, the water used from the region above the zero-flux plane being evapotranspiration, and the change in soil water content below the mean zero-flux plane being drainage. Prior to this study, no published attempt had been made to automate a water balance procedure for large-scale experimental databases based on the position of the zero-flux plane and soil water content distribution through time. Close

• 53. [Article] The Cromwell Current on the east side of the Galapagos Islands

  Copyrighted by American Geophysical Union.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Cromwell Current on the east side of the Galapagos Islands Author: Pak, Hasong, Zaneveld, J. Ronald Copyrighted by American Geophysical Union. Title: The Cromwell Current on the east side of the Galapagos Islands Author: Pak, Hasong, Zaneveld, J. Ronald Copyrighted by American Geophysical Union. Close

• 54. [Image] Kl. Str. Drain Enl., Phase II, Specs. 200C-954 - RHC Constr., Inc., Contractor

  	P12-201-4540NA Klamath Project, OR-CA. Plant E Outlet Transition Bridge -- Water flowing from base of the left retaining wall at Plant E. Flow was a by-product of jetting operations for Plant E west ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Kl. Str. Drain Enl., Phase II, Specs. 200C-954 - RHC Constr., Inc., Contractor Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation, Hamilton, R.J. Year: 1978, 2009, 2007 P12-201-4540NA Klamath Project, OR-CA. Plant E Outlet Transition Bridge -- Water flowing from base of the left retaining wall at Plant E. Flow was a by-product of jetting operations for Plant E west bridge abutment piles; March 20, 1978; USBR photo by R.J. Hamilton Title: Kl. Str. Drain Enl., Phase II, Specs. 200C-954 - RHC Constr., Inc., Contractor Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation, Hamilton, R.J. Year: 1978, 2009, 2007 P12-201-4540NA Klamath Project, OR-CA. Plant E Outlet Transition Bridge -- Water flowing from base of the left retaining wall at Plant E. Flow was a by-product of jetting operations for Plant E west bridge abutment piles; March 20, 1978; USBR photo by R.J. Hamilton Close

• 55. [Article] A new multisource and high-frequency approach to measuring δ²H and δ¹⁸O in hydrological field studies

  This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by American Geophysical Union and can be found at: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/%28ISSN%291944-7973.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: A new multisource and high-frequency approach to measuring δ²H and δ¹⁸O in hydrological field studies Author: Klaus, Julian, McDonnell, Jeffrey J., Gupta, Manish, Berman, Elena S. F., Pangle, Luke A. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by American Geophysical Union and can be found at: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/%28ISSN%291944-7973. Title: A new multisource and high-frequency approach to measuring δ²H and δ¹⁸O in hydrological field studies Author: Klaus, Julian, McDonnell, Jeffrey J., Gupta, Manish, Berman, Elena S. F., Pangle, Luke A. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by American Geophysical Union and can be found at: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/%28ISSN%291944-7973. Close

• 56. [Article] The development of a hydrological model of the Walla Walla Basin using Integrated Water Flow Model

  The Walla Walla basin lies in an arid region of Eastern Washington and Oregon. A large portion of the area is devoted to agricultural production, relying on irrigation water diverted from the Walla Walla ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The development of a hydrological model of the Walla Walla Basin using Integrated Water Flow Model Author: Scherberg, Jacob N. The Walla Walla basin lies in an arid region of Eastern Washington and Oregon. A large portion of the area is devoted to agricultural production, relying on irrigation water diverted from the Walla Walla River and underlying aquifers occurring within Quaternary and Mio-pliocene era gravel deposits, as well as a supplemental source from the Columbia River Basalt formation. Heavy water demand over summer months has resulted in a fully allocated surface water supply and significant drawdown in groundwater levels. The Walla Walla River also hosts two salmonid species listed as threatened under the endangered species act and entitled to federal protection. Specific questions have emerged regarding regional water supply as stakeholders work towards management strategies that meet water user demands, well also addressing concerns such as groundwater depletion and fish habitat. Currently, there are proposals aimed at increasing water use efficiency such as the lining of permeable canal beds and the expansion of a shallow aquifer recharge program. Effective implementation of such strategies, in part, relies on understanding the interactions between surface water and groundwater within this region. This project used the distributed hydrologic model, Integrated Water Flow Model (IWFM), for simulating surface and subsurface flows over a portion of the Walla Walla River basin spanning from Milton Freewater, Oregon to west of Touchet, Washington. This application of IWFM uses a grid with an average spacing of 100 x 100 meters over the 230 square kilometer model area. The model was developed and calibrated using data from 2007 through 2009, with 2010 data to be used as a data set for validation. Data collection has been a collaborative effort between a research team from Oregon State University and the Walla Walla Basin Watershed Council (WWBWC). This thesis provides explanation and documentation of model development. This includes details of data collection and processing for groundwater and surface water conditions, estimation of initial and boundary conditions, parameter calibration, model validation, and error analysis. Data sources include federal and state agencies, a gauge network managed by the WWBWC, and geologic research primarily performed by Kevin Lindsey of GSI Water Solutions with support of the WWBWC. Parameters have been independently determined from field measurements whenever possible. Otherwise they were estimated using established methods of hydrologic analysis, values drawn from previous regional studies, or the process of model calibration. Outputs include detailed hydrological budgets and hydrographs for groundwater and surface water gauges. The calibrated model has an overall correlation coefficient of 0.59 for groundwater and 0.63 for surface water. The standard deviation for groundwater is 3.2 meters at 62 well locations and surface water has a mean relative error of 22.3 percent at 34 gauges. This model intended as a tool for formulating water budgets for the basin under present conditions and making predictions of systemic responses to hypothetical water management scenarios. Scenarios of increased inputs into the Locher Road aquifer recharge site and conversion of irrigation district canals into pipelines are presented. Title: The development of a hydrological model of the Walla Walla Basin using Integrated Water Flow Model Author: Scherberg, Jacob N. The Walla Walla basin lies in an arid region of Eastern Washington and Oregon. A large portion of the area is devoted to agricultural production, relying on irrigation water diverted from the Walla Walla River and underlying aquifers occurring within Quaternary and Mio-pliocene era gravel deposits, as well as a supplemental source from the Columbia River Basalt formation. Heavy water demand over summer months has resulted in a fully allocated surface water supply and significant drawdown in groundwater levels. The Walla Walla River also hosts two salmonid species listed as threatened under the endangered species act and entitled to federal protection. Specific questions have emerged regarding regional water supply as stakeholders work towards management strategies that meet water user demands, well also addressing concerns such as groundwater depletion and fish habitat. Currently, there are proposals aimed at increasing water use efficiency such as the lining of permeable canal beds and the expansion of a shallow aquifer recharge program. Effective implementation of such strategies, in part, relies on understanding the interactions between surface water and groundwater within this region. This project used the distributed hydrologic model, Integrated Water Flow Model (IWFM), for simulating surface and subsurface flows over a portion of the Walla Walla River basin spanning from Milton Freewater, Oregon to west of Touchet, Washington. This application of IWFM uses a grid with an average spacing of 100 x 100 meters over the 230 square kilometer model area. The model was developed and calibrated using data from 2007 through 2009, with 2010 data to be used as a data set for validation. Data collection has been a collaborative effort between a research team from Oregon State University and the Walla Walla Basin Watershed Council (WWBWC). This thesis provides explanation and documentation of model development. This includes details of data collection and processing for groundwater and surface water conditions, estimation of initial and boundary conditions, parameter calibration, model validation, and error analysis. Data sources include federal and state agencies, a gauge network managed by the WWBWC, and geologic research primarily performed by Kevin Lindsey of GSI Water Solutions with support of the WWBWC. Parameters have been independently determined from field measurements whenever possible. Otherwise they were estimated using established methods of hydrologic analysis, values drawn from previous regional studies, or the process of model calibration. Outputs include detailed hydrological budgets and hydrographs for groundwater and surface water gauges. The calibrated model has an overall correlation coefficient of 0.59 for groundwater and 0.63 for surface water. The standard deviation for groundwater is 3.2 meters at 62 well locations and surface water has a mean relative error of 22.3 percent at 34 gauges. This model intended as a tool for formulating water budgets for the basin under present conditions and making predictions of systemic responses to hypothetical water management scenarios. Scenarios of increased inputs into the Locher Road aquifer recharge site and conversion of irrigation district canals into pipelines are presented. Close

• 57. [Image] Kl. Str. Dr. Enlargement, Phase II Specs. 200C-954- RHC Constr., Inc., Contractor

  	P12-201-4441 NA Klamath Project, OR-CA. Center Canal Flume--View of outlet transition south wall after corntractor forces stopped source of water flow. Visquene was laid next to the outlet transition ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Kl. Str. Dr. Enlargement, Phase II Specs. 200C-954- RHC Constr., Inc., Contractor Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation, Kline, D.J. Year: 1977, 2009, 2007 P12-201-4441 NA Klamath Project, OR-CA. Center Canal Flume--View of outlet transition south wall after corntractor forces stopped source of water flow. Visquene was laid next to the outlet transition cutoff wall and backfilled. The leak was caused by high water running around the edge of the cutoff wall into the void where compacted backfill shrank away from the flume wall. The water, as it piped, cut deeper into the backfill; August 19, 1977; USBR photo by D.J. Kline Title: Kl. Str. Dr. Enlargement, Phase II Specs. 200C-954- RHC Constr., Inc., Contractor Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation, Kline, D.J. Year: 1977, 2009, 2007 P12-201-4441 NA Klamath Project, OR-CA. Center Canal Flume--View of outlet transition south wall after corntractor forces stopped source of water flow. Visquene was laid next to the outlet transition cutoff wall and backfilled. The leak was caused by high water running around the edge of the cutoff wall into the void where compacted backfill shrank away from the flume wall. The water, as it piped, cut deeper into the backfill; August 19, 1977; USBR photo by D.J. Kline Close

• 58. [Image] CLEAR LAKE- Ground Fracture - Southwest Shore, Section 16, T. 46 N., R. 7 E., M.D.M. - D. E.

  	KP-2502-R2- Klamath Project- CLEAR LAKE- Ground Fracture - Southwest Shore, Section 16, T. 46 N., R. 7 E., M.D.M. - D. E. Close-up of the water inlet to the fracture showing how the water flows to the ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: CLEAR LAKE- Ground Fracture - Southwest Shore, Section 16, T. 46 N., R. 7 E., M.D.M. - D. E. Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation, [Bunger, D.E.?] Year: 1959, 2008, 2006 KP-2502-R2- Klamath Project- CLEAR LAKE- Ground Fracture - Southwest Shore, Section 16, T. 46 N., R. 7 E., M.D.M. - D. E. Close-up of the water inlet to the fracture showing how the water flows to the south; September 28, 1959 Title: CLEAR LAKE- Ground Fracture - Southwest Shore, Section 16, T. 46 N., R. 7 E., M.D.M. - D. E. Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation, [Bunger, D.E.?] Year: 1959, 2008, 2006 KP-2502-R2- Klamath Project- CLEAR LAKE- Ground Fracture - Southwest Shore, Section 16, T. 46 N., R. 7 E., M.D.M. - D. E. Close-up of the water inlet to the fracture showing how the water flows to the south; September 28, 1959 Close

• 59. [Image] Kl. Str. Drain Enl., Phase II, Specs. 200C-954 - RHC Constr., Inc., Contractor

  	P12-201-4568NA Klamath Project, OR-CA. Ady Canal -- Siphon hydrostatic test -- Plant FF. Water in CMP was held at head of 10" using 192 GMP Homelite pump regulated by means of valve on downstream side ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Kl. Str. Drain Enl., Phase II, Specs. 200C-954 - RHC Constr., Inc., Contractor Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation, Kline, D.J. Year: 1978, 2009, 2007 P12-201-4568NA Klamath Project, OR-CA. Ady Canal -- Siphon hydrostatic test -- Plant FF. Water in CMP was held at head of 10" using 192 GMP Homelite pump regulated by means of valve on downstream side of a Tokheim water flow meter; April 6, 1978; USBR photo by D.J. Kline Title: Kl. Str. Drain Enl., Phase II, Specs. 200C-954 - RHC Constr., Inc., Contractor Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation, Kline, D.J. Year: 1978, 2009, 2007 P12-201-4568NA Klamath Project, OR-CA. Ady Canal -- Siphon hydrostatic test -- Plant FF. Water in CMP was held at head of 10" using 192 GMP Homelite pump regulated by means of valve on downstream side of a Tokheim water flow meter; April 6, 1978; USBR photo by D.J. Kline Close

• 60. [Image] Kl. Str. Dr. Enlargement, Phase II Specs. 200C-954- RHC Constr., Inc., Contractor

  	P12-201-4438 NA Klamath Project, OR-CA. Center Canal Flume--View of flume south wall near pile cap where water exited after piping along fllume wall. This water flowed into the void adjacent to the outlet ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Kl. Str. Dr. Enlargement, Phase II Specs. 200C-954- RHC Constr., Inc., Contractor Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation, Kline, D.J. Year: 1977, 2009, 2007 P12-201-4438 NA Klamath Project, OR-CA. Center Canal Flume--View of flume south wall near pile cap where water exited after piping along fllume wall. This water flowed into the void adjacent to the outlet transition west toward flume pier excavation. The leak at its high point was comparable to a 5-inch line break; August 19, 1977; USBR photo by D.J. Kline Title: Kl. Str. Dr. Enlargement, Phase II Specs. 200C-954- RHC Constr., Inc., Contractor Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation, Kline, D.J. Year: 1977, 2009, 2007 P12-201-4438 NA Klamath Project, OR-CA. Center Canal Flume--View of flume south wall near pile cap where water exited after piping along fllume wall. This water flowed into the void adjacent to the outlet transition west toward flume pier excavation. The leak at its high point was comparable to a 5-inch line break; August 19, 1977; USBR photo by D.J. Kline Close