Search

Search Results

• 51. [Article] An evaluation of the establishment and continued effectiveness of the Galápagos National Park and Marine Reserve in Ecuador

  Conservation of natural resources has become a new watchword of the scientific community. While many terrestrial ecosystems are well protected, marine ecosystems have only recently come to the forefront. ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: An evaluation of the establishment and continued effectiveness of the Galápagos National Park and Marine Reserve in Ecuador Author: Asson, Danielle Conservation of natural resources has become a new watchword of the scientific community. While many terrestrial ecosystems are well protected, marine ecosystems have only recently come to the forefront. Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) have been introduced as a means of protecting biodiversity, commercial stocks, and ecosystem services. There are many social, ecological, and economic considerations to be addressed for a marine reserve to be effective from a biological and social perspective. In 1998 the Special Law of the Galápagos created the Galápagos Marine Reserve, and instituted a participatory management scheme for local and governmental cooperation in management. The foundations of the Special Law are strong, however many problems plague the islands, including rapid growth of the population and the tourism industry, and a great deal of non-compliance with reserve regulations in the form of violent protests and illegal fisheries. Feelings of legitimacy must be fostered among the local populations through significant improvements in education to enhance stakeholder participation, and increased funding to the National Park to allow for effective enforcement of the regulations. Increasing visitor fees is a potential source of new income to be used for park management and improving local resources, especially education. Title: An evaluation of the establishment and continued effectiveness of the Galápagos National Park and Marine Reserve in Ecuador Author: Asson, Danielle Conservation of natural resources has become a new watchword of the scientific community. While many terrestrial ecosystems are well protected, marine ecosystems have only recently come to the forefront. Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) have been introduced as a means of protecting biodiversity, commercial stocks, and ecosystem services. There are many social, ecological, and economic considerations to be addressed for a marine reserve to be effective from a biological and social perspective. In 1998 the Special Law of the Galápagos created the Galápagos Marine Reserve, and instituted a participatory management scheme for local and governmental cooperation in management. The foundations of the Special Law are strong, however many problems plague the islands, including rapid growth of the population and the tourism industry, and a great deal of non-compliance with reserve regulations in the form of violent protests and illegal fisheries. Feelings of legitimacy must be fostered among the local populations through significant improvements in education to enhance stakeholder participation, and increased funding to the National Park to allow for effective enforcement of the regulations. Increasing visitor fees is a potential source of new income to be used for park management and improving local resources, especially education. Close

• 52. [Article] Under the Sea: An evaluation of the establishment and continued effectiveness of the Galápagos National Park and Marine Reserve in Ecuador

  Conservation of natural resources has become a new watchword of the scientific community. While many terrestrial ecosystems are well protected, marine ecosystems have only recently come to the forefront. ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Under the Sea: An evaluation of the establishment and continued effectiveness of the Galápagos National Park and Marine Reserve in Ecuador Author: Asson, Danielle C. Conservation of natural resources has become a new watchword of the scientific community. While many terrestrial ecosystems are well protected, marine ecosystems have only recently come to the forefront. Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) have been introduced as a means of protecting biodiversity, commercial stocks, and ecosystem services. There are many social, ecological, and economic considerations to be addressed for a marine reserve to be effective from a biological and social perspective. In 1998 the Special Law of the Galápagos created the Galápagos Marine Reserve, and instituted a participatory management scheme for local and governmental cooperation in management. The foundations of the Special Law are strong, however many problems plague the islands, including rapid growth of the population and the tourism industry, and a great deal of non-compliance with reserve regulations in the form of violent protests and illegal fisheries. Feelings of legitimacy must be fostered among the local populations through significant improvements in education to enhance stakeholder participation, and increased funding to the National Park to allow for effective enforcement of the regulations. Increasing visitor fees is a potential source of new income to be used for park management and improving local resources, especially education. Title: Under the Sea: An evaluation of the establishment and continued effectiveness of the Galápagos National Park and Marine Reserve in Ecuador Author: Asson, Danielle C. Conservation of natural resources has become a new watchword of the scientific community. While many terrestrial ecosystems are well protected, marine ecosystems have only recently come to the forefront. Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) have been introduced as a means of protecting biodiversity, commercial stocks, and ecosystem services. There are many social, ecological, and economic considerations to be addressed for a marine reserve to be effective from a biological and social perspective. In 1998 the Special Law of the Galápagos created the Galápagos Marine Reserve, and instituted a participatory management scheme for local and governmental cooperation in management. The foundations of the Special Law are strong, however many problems plague the islands, including rapid growth of the population and the tourism industry, and a great deal of non-compliance with reserve regulations in the form of violent protests and illegal fisheries. Feelings of legitimacy must be fostered among the local populations through significant improvements in education to enhance stakeholder participation, and increased funding to the National Park to allow for effective enforcement of the regulations. Increasing visitor fees is a potential source of new income to be used for park management and improving local resources, especially education. Close

• 53. [Article] Marine Reserves and Marine Protected Areas: A Case Study in Oregon and a Proposed National Model for Design and Implementation

  In this report, I examine the process of establishing marine reserves and marine protected areas both from a national and a state perspective. In order to do so, I have investigated the implementation ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Marine Reserves and Marine Protected Areas: A Case Study in Oregon and a Proposed National Model for Design and Implementation Author: Perry, Alex In this report, I examine the process of establishing marine reserves and marine protected areas both from a national and a state perspective. In order to do so, I have investigated the implementation process currently underway in Oregon. Specifically, I have chosen to perform a case study of the process at Redfish Rocks Marine Reserve and Marine Protected Area. I chose this example because of the commendable approach taken by the community of Port Orford in proposing their site and performing extensive baseline data collection in submitting their proposal. The Port Orford community demonstrated great marine resource stewardship and a forward‐minded approach to conservation and sustainability for their living marine resources in putting together their submission. Finally, the goal of this paper is to present the lessons learned in the form of a proposed template for communities and fisheries managers to follow in the proposal and implementation process of designating and establishing marine reserves and marine protected areas both locally and nationally. It is my hope that such a proposal could be used to standardize a national approach to designation and implementation across Regional Fishery Management Councils (RFMCs) and their associated regional marine ecosystems within the United States. Title: Marine Reserves and Marine Protected Areas: A Case Study in Oregon and a Proposed National Model for Design and Implementation Author: Perry, Alex In this report, I examine the process of establishing marine reserves and marine protected areas both from a national and a state perspective. In order to do so, I have investigated the implementation process currently underway in Oregon. Specifically, I have chosen to perform a case study of the process at Redfish Rocks Marine Reserve and Marine Protected Area. I chose this example because of the commendable approach taken by the community of Port Orford in proposing their site and performing extensive baseline data collection in submitting their proposal. The Port Orford community demonstrated great marine resource stewardship and a forward‐minded approach to conservation and sustainability for their living marine resources in putting together their submission. Finally, the goal of this paper is to present the lessons learned in the form of a proposed template for communities and fisheries managers to follow in the proposal and implementation process of designating and establishing marine reserves and marine protected areas both locally and nationally. It is my hope that such a proposal could be used to standardize a national approach to designation and implementation across Regional Fishery Management Councils (RFMCs) and their associated regional marine ecosystems within the United States. Close

• 54. [Article] Modeling the impact of declining sea ice on the Arctic marine planktonic ecosystem

  We have developed a coupled 3‐D pan‐Arctic biology/sea ice/ocean model to investigate the impact of declining Arctic sea ice on the marine planktonic ecosystem over 1988–2007. The biophysical model results ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Modeling the impact of declining sea ice on the Arctic marine planktonic ecosystem Author: Zhang, Jinlun, Ashjian, Carin, Campbell, Robert, Steele, Michael, Matrai, Patricia, Berline, Léo, Spitz, Yvette H. We have developed a coupled 3‐D pan‐Arctic biology/sea ice/ocean model to investigate the impact of declining Arctic sea ice on the marine planktonic ecosystem over 1988–2007. The biophysical model results agree with satellite observations of a generally downward trend in summer sea ice extent during 1988–2007, resulting in an increase in the simulated photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) at the ocean surface and marine primary productivity (PP) in the upper 100 m over open water areas of the Arctic Ocean. The simulated Arctic sea ice thickness has decreased steadily during 1988–2007, leading to an increase in PAR and PP in sea ice‐covered areas. The simulated total PAR in all areas of the Arctic Ocean has increased by 43%, from 146 TW in 1988 to 209 TW in 2007; the corresponding total PP has increased by 50%, from 456 Tg C yr−1 in 1988 to 682 Tg C yr−1 in 2007. The simulated PAR and PP increases mainly occur in the seasonally and permanently ice‐covered Arctic Ocean. In addition to increasing PAR, the decline in sea ice tends to increase the nutrient availability in the euphotic zone by enhancing air‐sea momentum transfer, leading to strengthened upwelling and mixing in the water column and therefore increased nutrient input into the upper ocean layers from below. The increasing nutrient availability also contributes to the increase in the simulated PP, even though significant surface nutrient drawdown in summer is simulated. In conjunction with increasing surface absorption of solar radiation and rising surface air temperature, the increasing surface water temperature in the Arctic Ocean peripheral seas further contributes to the increase in PP. As PP has increased, so has the simulated biomass of phytoplankton and zooplankton. Title: Modeling the impact of declining sea ice on the Arctic marine planktonic ecosystem Author: Zhang, Jinlun, Ashjian, Carin, Campbell, Robert, Steele, Michael, Matrai, Patricia, Berline, Léo, Spitz, Yvette H. We have developed a coupled 3‐D pan‐Arctic biology/sea ice/ocean model to investigate the impact of declining Arctic sea ice on the marine planktonic ecosystem over 1988–2007. The biophysical model results agree with satellite observations of a generally downward trend in summer sea ice extent during 1988–2007, resulting in an increase in the simulated photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) at the ocean surface and marine primary productivity (PP) in the upper 100 m over open water areas of the Arctic Ocean. The simulated Arctic sea ice thickness has decreased steadily during 1988–2007, leading to an increase in PAR and PP in sea ice‐covered areas. The simulated total PAR in all areas of the Arctic Ocean has increased by 43%, from 146 TW in 1988 to 209 TW in 2007; the corresponding total PP has increased by 50%, from 456 Tg C yr−1 in 1988 to 682 Tg C yr−1 in 2007. The simulated PAR and PP increases mainly occur in the seasonally and permanently ice‐covered Arctic Ocean. In addition to increasing PAR, the decline in sea ice tends to increase the nutrient availability in the euphotic zone by enhancing air‐sea momentum transfer, leading to strengthened upwelling and mixing in the water column and therefore increased nutrient input into the upper ocean layers from below. The increasing nutrient availability also contributes to the increase in the simulated PP, even though significant surface nutrient drawdown in summer is simulated. In conjunction with increasing surface absorption of solar radiation and rising surface air temperature, the increasing surface water temperature in the Arctic Ocean peripheral seas further contributes to the increase in PP. As PP has increased, so has the simulated biomass of phytoplankton and zooplankton. Close

• 55. [Article] MicroSoar : a high speed microstructure profiling system

  As ocean ecosystems continue to deteriorate in the face of human induced pressures, marine management professionals are increasingly being urged to predict the impacts of various activities on ocean ecosystems. ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: MicroSoar : a high speed microstructure profiling system Author: May, Glenn H. As ocean ecosystems continue to deteriorate in the face of human induced pressures, marine management professionals are increasingly being urged to predict the impacts of various activities on ocean ecosystems. Many ecosystem interactions are still not adequately understood, so managers often turn to scientists to provide data and analysis on impacts resulting from specific actions. One important physical ocean process in need of more empirical data is microscale turbulence. Because it is responsible for mixing across isopycnal surfaces in stratified waters, turbulence is important in many physical, chemical and biological processes in the ocean. An elementary description of turbulence and mixing is presented along with a summary of the role of turbulence in marine ecosystems. In order to be of use to scientists, turbulence must be measured over large areas of the ocean. This paper presents a discussion of techniques for measuring turbulence. Measurements of turbulence are specialized and costly. A new microstructure data acqusition system was developed to acquire microstructure data eight times faster than present methods allow. The design details of the high-speed microstructure data acquisition system called MicroSoar are presented along with some preliminary data obtained from its deployment on actual cruises. Title: MicroSoar : a high speed microstructure profiling system Author: May, Glenn H. As ocean ecosystems continue to deteriorate in the face of human induced pressures, marine management professionals are increasingly being urged to predict the impacts of various activities on ocean ecosystems. Many ecosystem interactions are still not adequately understood, so managers often turn to scientists to provide data and analysis on impacts resulting from specific actions. One important physical ocean process in need of more empirical data is microscale turbulence. Because it is responsible for mixing across isopycnal surfaces in stratified waters, turbulence is important in many physical, chemical and biological processes in the ocean. An elementary description of turbulence and mixing is presented along with a summary of the role of turbulence in marine ecosystems. In order to be of use to scientists, turbulence must be measured over large areas of the ocean. This paper presents a discussion of techniques for measuring turbulence. Measurements of turbulence are specialized and costly. A new microstructure data acqusition system was developed to acquire microstructure data eight times faster than present methods allow. The design details of the high-speed microstructure data acquisition system called MicroSoar are presented along with some preliminary data obtained from its deployment on actual cruises. Close

• 56. [Article] Confronting the implementation of marine ecosystem-based management within the European Common Fisheries Policy Reform

  Abstract Only

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Confronting the implementation of marine ecosystem-based management within the European Common Fisheries Policy Reform Author: Curtin, Richard, Prellezo, Raul Abstract Only Title: Confronting the implementation of marine ecosystem-based management within the European Common Fisheries Policy Reform Author: Curtin, Richard, Prellezo, Raul Abstract Only Close

• 57. [Article] Underwater acoustic measurements of the WET-NZ device at Oregon State University’s ocean test facility

  Potential impacts from sound transmitted by wave energy conversion (WEC) devices on marine ecosystems are not well understood and remain an important environmental concern for the developing marine hydrokinetic ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Underwater acoustic measurements of the WET-NZ device at Oregon State University’s ocean test facility Author: Haxel, Joseph Potential impacts from sound transmitted by wave energy conversion (WEC) devices on marine ecosystems are not well understood and remain an important environmental concern for the developing marine hydrokinetic renewable energy industry. On August 22, 2012 the Northwest National Marine Renewable Energy Center (NNMREC) began a test deployment of a WEC device at Oregon State University’s ocean test facility (OTF) off the coast of Newport, Oregon (figure 1). The operational Wave Energy Technologies – New Zealand (WET-NZ) device provides the first opportunity to measure acoustic changes in the ambient sound field resulting from WEC technology testing at NNMREC’s mobile OTF. The main objective of the acoustic measurements included in this initial report is to determine if the WET-NZ device under test transmits acoustic energy above National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) marine mammal harassment thresholds. Title: Underwater acoustic measurements of the WET-NZ device at Oregon State University’s ocean test facility Author: Haxel, Joseph Potential impacts from sound transmitted by wave energy conversion (WEC) devices on marine ecosystems are not well understood and remain an important environmental concern for the developing marine hydrokinetic renewable energy industry. On August 22, 2012 the Northwest National Marine Renewable Energy Center (NNMREC) began a test deployment of a WEC device at Oregon State University’s ocean test facility (OTF) off the coast of Newport, Oregon (figure 1). The operational Wave Energy Technologies – New Zealand (WET-NZ) device provides the first opportunity to measure acoustic changes in the ambient sound field resulting from WEC technology testing at NNMREC’s mobile OTF. The main objective of the acoustic measurements included in this initial report is to determine if the WET-NZ device under test transmits acoustic energy above National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) marine mammal harassment thresholds. Close

• 58. [Article] Climate Change Effects on the Economics and Management of World Fisheries

  Abstract Only

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Climate Change Effects on the Economics and Management of World Fisheries Author: Hotte, Ngaio, Sumaila, Rashid Abstract Only Title: Climate Change Effects on the Economics and Management of World Fisheries Author: Hotte, Ngaio, Sumaila, Rashid Abstract Only Close

• 59. [Article] Cointegration: A tool for Ecosystem-Based Conservation and Management of Fisheries

  Abstract only.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Cointegration: A tool for Ecosystem-Based Conservation and Management of Fisheries Author: Fissel, Ben, Carson, Richard, Schlenker, Wolfram Abstract only. Title: Cointegration: A tool for Ecosystem-Based Conservation and Management of Fisheries Author: Fissel, Ben, Carson, Richard, Schlenker, Wolfram Abstract only. Close

• 60. [Article] Changes in a seafood market: substitution and elasticity of fish categories behavior in SE Brazil

  Poster session.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Changes in a seafood market: substitution and elasticity of fish categories behavior in SE Brazil Author: Gasalla, Maria A., Pincinato, Ruth B. M. Poster session. Title: Changes in a seafood market: substitution and elasticity of fish categories behavior in SE Brazil Author: Gasalla, Maria A., Pincinato, Ruth B. M. Poster session. Close