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• 51. [Article] Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) for Engineering Inspections and Geospatial Mapping

  Small unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) carrying consumer-grade nonmetric cameras are increasingly utilized to generate high-resolution 3D geospatial data. Low cost, ease of operation, widespread availability ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) for Engineering Inspections and Geospatial Mapping Author: Javadnejad, Farid Small unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) carrying consumer-grade nonmetric cameras are increasingly utilized to generate high-resolution 3D geospatial data. Low cost, ease of operation, widespread availability and low altitude maneuvering capabilities of UAS, as well as the rapid development of technology and methods, make UAS-based photogrammetry applicable to many civil engineering applications such as visualization, 3D mapping, progress monitoring, construction, structural inspection, maintenance, and monitoring. Using computer vision techniques, Structure from Motion (SfM) and Multi-View Stereo (MVS), it is possible to reconstruct 3D scenes from inexpensive, consumer-grade cameras mounted on a UAS. Despite the increasing popularity of UAS, significant research questions remain regarding the accuracy of UAS-based mapping products. In addition, new tools and methods are required to manage and process the vast amount of data generated by UAS. This research explores several novel approaches to address some of these needs in the field of UAS-based photogrammetry. First, a new approach is developed for supplementing the 3D point clouds derived from UAS imagery with thermal infrared (TIR) imagery. Currently, there are several challenges for reconstructing accurate 3D scenes or point clouds solely from overlapping TIR imagery. For instance, consumer-grade TIR cameras have relatively low resolution and a narrow field view; moreover, such cameras usually generate images with blurred edges and textures. An approach is proposed and evaluated for generating 3D TIR-RGB point clouds utilizing coacquired TIR and RGB images. First, a 3D point cloud is generated using the RGB images; afterward, the TIR data is attributed to the 3D point cloud using a boresight technique. Using the proposed approach, dense point clouds are generated that contain both RGB and TIR information. Such an approach can be beneficial for many thermal mapping and inspection projects, including heat loss inspection, non-destructive testing of structures, and electrical parts inspection for power transmission. Second, the research examines the feasibility of utilizing UAS-based photogrammetry for detecting the change of above-ground pipelines. Since it is inexpensive to fly, UAS are ideal for inspecting, monitoring, and detecting changes in the sites over time. In the researched approach, repetitive UAS flights were conducted to derive 3D digital terrain models in order to detect and measure the movement of pipelines in the scene. The results are compared with displacement measurements taken from conventional ground surveys using real-time kinematic (RTK) global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receivers and total stations. Thirdly, this study introduces new dense point cloud quality factors (DPQF) to use as proxy indicators for assessing the accuracy of SfM-MVS dense point clouds. Simulated and empirical experiments are used to assess the accuracy of image-based 3D reconstructed models with respect to different data collection and site condition scenarios. The spatial correlation between the DPQFs and the reconstruction error is investigated and interpreted for multiple experiments. The results of this study show that the DPQF can be a helpful additional field of information for 3D point clouds. Last, this research introduces a new web GIS tool, named BridgeDex, for management of time-aware series of high-resolution bridge inspection images, such as images collected from handheld digital cameras or cameras on UAS. This tool can be used to manage and query bridge inspection images, bridge reports, and other relevant metadata. This web-based prototype provides the user a simple interface for viewing, panning and zooming in and out of bridge imagery collected over the years as a result of numerous bridge inspections. The tool provides the user an intuitive, organized method for evaluating and managing bridge inspection data. Title: Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) for Engineering Inspections and Geospatial Mapping Author: Javadnejad, Farid Small unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) carrying consumer-grade nonmetric cameras are increasingly utilized to generate high-resolution 3D geospatial data. Low cost, ease of operation, widespread availability and low altitude maneuvering capabilities of UAS, as well as the rapid development of technology and methods, make UAS-based photogrammetry applicable to many civil engineering applications such as visualization, 3D mapping, progress monitoring, construction, structural inspection, maintenance, and monitoring. Using computer vision techniques, Structure from Motion (SfM) and Multi-View Stereo (MVS), it is possible to reconstruct 3D scenes from inexpensive, consumer-grade cameras mounted on a UAS. Despite the increasing popularity of UAS, significant research questions remain regarding the accuracy of UAS-based mapping products. In addition, new tools and methods are required to manage and process the vast amount of data generated by UAS. This research explores several novel approaches to address some of these needs in the field of UAS-based photogrammetry. First, a new approach is developed for supplementing the 3D point clouds derived from UAS imagery with thermal infrared (TIR) imagery. Currently, there are several challenges for reconstructing accurate 3D scenes or point clouds solely from overlapping TIR imagery. For instance, consumer-grade TIR cameras have relatively low resolution and a narrow field view; moreover, such cameras usually generate images with blurred edges and textures. An approach is proposed and evaluated for generating 3D TIR-RGB point clouds utilizing coacquired TIR and RGB images. First, a 3D point cloud is generated using the RGB images; afterward, the TIR data is attributed to the 3D point cloud using a boresight technique. Using the proposed approach, dense point clouds are generated that contain both RGB and TIR information. Such an approach can be beneficial for many thermal mapping and inspection projects, including heat loss inspection, non-destructive testing of structures, and electrical parts inspection for power transmission. Second, the research examines the feasibility of utilizing UAS-based photogrammetry for detecting the change of above-ground pipelines. Since it is inexpensive to fly, UAS are ideal for inspecting, monitoring, and detecting changes in the sites over time. In the researched approach, repetitive UAS flights were conducted to derive 3D digital terrain models in order to detect and measure the movement of pipelines in the scene. The results are compared with displacement measurements taken from conventional ground surveys using real-time kinematic (RTK) global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receivers and total stations. Thirdly, this study introduces new dense point cloud quality factors (DPQF) to use as proxy indicators for assessing the accuracy of SfM-MVS dense point clouds. Simulated and empirical experiments are used to assess the accuracy of image-based 3D reconstructed models with respect to different data collection and site condition scenarios. The spatial correlation between the DPQFs and the reconstruction error is investigated and interpreted for multiple experiments. The results of this study show that the DPQF can be a helpful additional field of information for 3D point clouds. Last, this research introduces a new web GIS tool, named BridgeDex, for management of time-aware series of high-resolution bridge inspection images, such as images collected from handheld digital cameras or cameras on UAS. This tool can be used to manage and query bridge inspection images, bridge reports, and other relevant metadata. This web-based prototype provides the user a simple interface for viewing, panning and zooming in and out of bridge imagery collected over the years as a result of numerous bridge inspections. The tool provides the user an intuitive, organized method for evaluating and managing bridge inspection data. Close

• 52. [Article] The Effect of Metaphoric-Image, Motion, and a Dual Modality Approach on the Perception of Vocal Tone

  The use of imagery and movement to affect vocal tone has long been a part of choral pedagogy. These often used, yet little explored tools, are employed by choral directors on all levels. The present ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Effect of Metaphoric-Image, Motion, and a Dual Modality Approach on the Perception of Vocal Tone Author: Parker, Donald Year: 2013 The use of imagery and movement to affect vocal tone has long been a part of choral pedagogy. These often used, yet little explored tools, are employed by choral directors on all levels. The present study sought to determine if the use of imagery, metaphor, motion, and a combination of the three, as pedagogic tools to affect vocal tone, could be perceived by outline listeners. Three singers - an untrained singer, an undergraduate in choral music education, and a graduate student in vocal performance - were asked to perform a melody under a control and three research conditions: metaphoric-image, motion, and dual modality (a combination of metaphoric-image and motion). Participants were randomly assigned to listen to one of the three singers. Participants were asked to rate each condition on tone color, tension, and preference and were directed to ascribe a color to the tone they heard for each condition. Results indicated that respondents could indeed perceive a difference in tone over the different conditions. For the metaphoric-image condition, the singers were asked to "sing the line as if it were yellow." Overall, respondents rated this tone brighter than any others across singers and conditions. The majority of respondents also ascribed the color yellow to the metaphoric-image tone across singers and conditions. Overall data indicated that respondents rated the dual modality condition as darkest and most relaxed while the metaphoric-image condition was rated as brightest and most tense. These results were consistent with the expected pedagogic intent of the conditions as well as the researcher's hypothesis. A chi-square test performed on the color ascription data revealed statistical significance in the expectation of response. The data seem to indicate that specific color ascription to vocal tone is consistent across respondents and conditions. Title: The Effect of Metaphoric-Image, Motion, and a Dual Modality Approach on the Perception of Vocal Tone Author: Parker, Donald Year: 2013 The use of imagery and movement to affect vocal tone has long been a part of choral pedagogy. These often used, yet little explored tools, are employed by choral directors on all levels. The present study sought to determine if the use of imagery, metaphor, motion, and a combination of the three, as pedagogic tools to affect vocal tone, could be perceived by outline listeners. Three singers - an untrained singer, an undergraduate in choral music education, and a graduate student in vocal performance - were asked to perform a melody under a control and three research conditions: metaphoric-image, motion, and dual modality (a combination of metaphoric-image and motion). Participants were randomly assigned to listen to one of the three singers. Participants were asked to rate each condition on tone color, tension, and preference and were directed to ascribe a color to the tone they heard for each condition. Results indicated that respondents could indeed perceive a difference in tone over the different conditions. For the metaphoric-image condition, the singers were asked to "sing the line as if it were yellow." Overall, respondents rated this tone brighter than any others across singers and conditions. The majority of respondents also ascribed the color yellow to the metaphoric-image tone across singers and conditions. Overall data indicated that respondents rated the dual modality condition as darkest and most relaxed while the metaphoric-image condition was rated as brightest and most tense. These results were consistent with the expected pedagogic intent of the conditions as well as the researcher's hypothesis. A chi-square test performed on the color ascription data revealed statistical significance in the expectation of response. The data seem to indicate that specific color ascription to vocal tone is consistent across respondents and conditions. Close

• 53. [Article] An Exploratory Study: The Intersection of Imagery Ability, Imagery Use, and Learning Style

  xi, 65 p. A print copy of this title is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: An Exploratory Study: The Intersection of Imagery Ability, Imagery Use, and Learning Style Author: Bolles, Gina, 1981- Year: 2008 xi, 65 p. A print copy of this title is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number. Title: An Exploratory Study: The Intersection of Imagery Ability, Imagery Use, and Learning Style Author: Bolles, Gina, 1981- Year: 2008 xi, 65 p. A print copy of this title is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number. Close

• 54. [Article] Spatial analysis of potato canopy nitrogen content using remotely sensed reflectance measurements

  This study sought to explore the relationship between spatial scale and canopy chemistry through the use of remotely sensed videography data and total nitrogen content of potato petioles. A range of broad ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Spatial analysis of potato canopy nitrogen content using remotely sensed reflectance measurements Author: Stangel, David E. This study sought to explore the relationship between spatial scale and canopy chemistry through the use of remotely sensed videography data and total nitrogen content of potato petioles. A range of broad band spectral indices were employed along with standard red and green wavelengths to define an optimum scale or range of scales in which the accuracy of predicting leaf canopy chemistry could be improved. Difficulties inherent within video imagery due to the method in which the National Television System Committee's (NTSC) analog signal is comprised were studied. Spectral quantification of the video signal was not possible within the study, instead attention centered on showing the consistent and well correlated results that could be obtained using such data. Spectroradiometer measurements were also obtained for comparison with video response. Correlation between the two sensors was low, primarily due to the nature of the respective signals. Multispectral imagery was obtained from SPOT for spatial resolution comparison. The light research aircraft employed to collect the aerial video imagery proved to be a versatile and cost effective alternative to traditional remote sensing platforms. The data produced within the study support the project objectives in defining regions of high to low prediction accuracy. A reduction in spatial scale increases the ground area represented by an individual pixel and reduces the quantity and quality of information available to the sensor. The study illustrated a possible spatial resolution breakoff point at which nitrogen content prediction accuracy is greatly diminished. Title: Spatial analysis of potato canopy nitrogen content using remotely sensed reflectance measurements Author: Stangel, David E. This study sought to explore the relationship between spatial scale and canopy chemistry through the use of remotely sensed videography data and total nitrogen content of potato petioles. A range of broad band spectral indices were employed along with standard red and green wavelengths to define an optimum scale or range of scales in which the accuracy of predicting leaf canopy chemistry could be improved. Difficulties inherent within video imagery due to the method in which the National Television System Committee's (NTSC) analog signal is comprised were studied. Spectral quantification of the video signal was not possible within the study, instead attention centered on showing the consistent and well correlated results that could be obtained using such data. Spectroradiometer measurements were also obtained for comparison with video response. Correlation between the two sensors was low, primarily due to the nature of the respective signals. Multispectral imagery was obtained from SPOT for spatial resolution comparison. The light research aircraft employed to collect the aerial video imagery proved to be a versatile and cost effective alternative to traditional remote sensing platforms. The data produced within the study support the project objectives in defining regions of high to low prediction accuracy. A reduction in spatial scale increases the ground area represented by an individual pixel and reduces the quantity and quality of information available to the sensor. The study illustrated a possible spatial resolution breakoff point at which nitrogen content prediction accuracy is greatly diminished. Close

• 55. [Article] Fashioning queer bodies : intersections of dress, identity, and anxiety in the queer women's community

  The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship of dress and queer women and how their sexual identity influences their appearance management behaviors. I answered the following research questions: ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Fashioning queer bodies : intersections of dress, identity, and anxiety in the queer women's community Author: Reddy-Best, Kelly The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship of dress and queer women and how their sexual identity influences their appearance management behaviors. I answered the following research questions: (1) How is gender identity constructed and negotiated in different spaces for queer? (2) Does sexual identity influence dress choices of queer women? (3) Where do queer women look for fashion styles and trends? (4) What are queer women's experiences with shopping for clothing and accessories? (5) Do queer women feel anxiety, pressure, or discrimination from the fashion system and the appearance management behaviors in which they participate due to their sexual identity? To answer my research questions I conducted 20 in-depth, semi-structured interviews with 20 queer women living in the United States. After the first interview, each participant completed a short survey and took a picture of their outfit for 14 days. At the end of each week, the participants completed a follow-up interview. I coded the interviews in three phases and looked for emergent themes and patterns. Based on the results of this study I found that there is not one single way of being or becoming a queer women. Most women in the sample did not feel a strong connection to masculinity or femininity. Fourteen women explained they felt in-between or androgynous. Four of the women purposefully rejected the terms masculinity and femininity and claimed, "gender queer." Four women felt a strong connection to either the masculine or feminine identity. One of the women indicated a strong connection to or identification with the so-called femme-butch dichotomy. The 17 participants shifted back and forth in their portrayal of masculinity or femininity depending upon the anticipated future context. Ten participants indicated that they experienced stress or anxiety related to a fear of queer invisibility or being mistaken for straight by other members of the queer community. Four women in the sample related anecdotes about times when they felt discriminated against because of their appearance. Fifteen participants stated that they looked to family members, friends, or people around them for style ideas. Seven of the 15 participants indicated they specifically looked to other queer individuals for inspiration. Eight participants named queer or male celebrities and a ninth identified her father as her style icon. Many participants explained they looked to queer celebrities as style icons. Very few participants reported having ever seen fashion advertisements specifically targeted at queer women. Many of the participants had negative reactions to the queer imagery, or lack there of in media. Participants described a wide variety of shopping experiences trying to find garments that fit, searching for garments in different gendered sections, and interacting with sales associates on the sales floor and in the fitting room. When asked what garments are hardest to find, the participants most frequently responded that they felt frustrated finding any clothing that fit at all. Finding garments that fit is a common issue for many women, notably five of the 12 participants who had trouble finding garments that fit experienced this trouble because they often shopped in the men's department and it was hard to determine what size to try on and purchase. A total of 16 participants said that they experienced stress or anxiety when shopping. Sources of stress included body image and size, malls, determining which department to shop in, shopping in the men’s section, asking for different men's sizes, and unavailability of styles. Several participants experienced subtle acts of discrimination when shopping. When asked if the participant would be more likely to shop in a store that does not separate by gender but by body size and lifestyle, 17 said yes without hesitation; two participants said maybe and one said no. Many queer women in this sample fashioned their bodies by defying gender norms and pushing the boundaries of acceptable appearances in our society. The women in this sample worked each day to showcase their queer identity conspicuously through style and appearance choices or to hide their queer identity by adopting heteronormative styles. For many of the women, managing their queer appearance translated into defying traditional gender identities and expressions. Through this study I brought attention to the multitude of ways queer women experience and navigate the construction of their gender identity and the ways dress is used in this construction. I also highlighted the inequalities in our society for queer individuals and the stress or anxiety this may cause them. Title: Fashioning queer bodies : intersections of dress, identity, and anxiety in the queer women's community Author: Reddy-Best, Kelly The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship of dress and queer women and how their sexual identity influences their appearance management behaviors. I answered the following research questions: (1) How is gender identity constructed and negotiated in different spaces for queer? (2) Does sexual identity influence dress choices of queer women? (3) Where do queer women look for fashion styles and trends? (4) What are queer women's experiences with shopping for clothing and accessories? (5) Do queer women feel anxiety, pressure, or discrimination from the fashion system and the appearance management behaviors in which they participate due to their sexual identity? To answer my research questions I conducted 20 in-depth, semi-structured interviews with 20 queer women living in the United States. After the first interview, each participant completed a short survey and took a picture of their outfit for 14 days. At the end of each week, the participants completed a follow-up interview. I coded the interviews in three phases and looked for emergent themes and patterns. Based on the results of this study I found that there is not one single way of being or becoming a queer women. Most women in the sample did not feel a strong connection to masculinity or femininity. Fourteen women explained they felt in-between or androgynous. Four of the women purposefully rejected the terms masculinity and femininity and claimed, "gender queer." Four women felt a strong connection to either the masculine or feminine identity. One of the women indicated a strong connection to or identification with the so-called femme-butch dichotomy. The 17 participants shifted back and forth in their portrayal of masculinity or femininity depending upon the anticipated future context. Ten participants indicated that they experienced stress or anxiety related to a fear of queer invisibility or being mistaken for straight by other members of the queer community. Four women in the sample related anecdotes about times when they felt discriminated against because of their appearance. Fifteen participants stated that they looked to family members, friends, or people around them for style ideas. Seven of the 15 participants indicated they specifically looked to other queer individuals for inspiration. Eight participants named queer or male celebrities and a ninth identified her father as her style icon. Many participants explained they looked to queer celebrities as style icons. Very few participants reported having ever seen fashion advertisements specifically targeted at queer women. Many of the participants had negative reactions to the queer imagery, or lack there of in media. Participants described a wide variety of shopping experiences trying to find garments that fit, searching for garments in different gendered sections, and interacting with sales associates on the sales floor and in the fitting room. When asked what garments are hardest to find, the participants most frequently responded that they felt frustrated finding any clothing that fit at all. Finding garments that fit is a common issue for many women, notably five of the 12 participants who had trouble finding garments that fit experienced this trouble because they often shopped in the men's department and it was hard to determine what size to try on and purchase. A total of 16 participants said that they experienced stress or anxiety when shopping. Sources of stress included body image and size, malls, determining which department to shop in, shopping in the men’s section, asking for different men's sizes, and unavailability of styles. Several participants experienced subtle acts of discrimination when shopping. When asked if the participant would be more likely to shop in a store that does not separate by gender but by body size and lifestyle, 17 said yes without hesitation; two participants said maybe and one said no. Many queer women in this sample fashioned their bodies by defying gender norms and pushing the boundaries of acceptable appearances in our society. The women in this sample worked each day to showcase their queer identity conspicuously through style and appearance choices or to hide their queer identity by adopting heteronormative styles. For many of the women, managing their queer appearance translated into defying traditional gender identities and expressions. Through this study I brought attention to the multitude of ways queer women experience and navigate the construction of their gender identity and the ways dress is used in this construction. I also highlighted the inequalities in our society for queer individuals and the stress or anxiety this may cause them. Close

• 56. [Article] The role of near-stream zones on flow, chemistry and isotopic composition at the headwater scale

  Stream discharge is a key water balance component and important factor in global change evaluations. Nevertheless, the mechanisms for streamflow generation are poorly understood. Near- stream surface saturation ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The role of near-stream zones on flow, chemistry and isotopic composition at the headwater scale Author: Frentress, Jay Stream discharge is a key water balance component and important factor in global change evaluations. Nevertheless, the mechanisms for streamflow generation are poorly understood. Near- stream surface saturation during precipitation events is one of the most iconic, visible indicators of rapid runoff production in upland humid catchments around the world. Despite years of study, we lack understanding of what occurs within the near-stream saturated area, its mixing dynamics and how this affects catchment geochemical- and flow-response dynamics during events. This thesis explores the mechanisms that control near-stream saturated area behavior in a headwater catchment. First, I explore the relation between catchment geochemical response and the flow duration curve (FDC) for the 46-ha Weierbach catchment in Luxembourg across 10 years of runoff monitoring. The shape of the Weierbach FDC suggested a two-phase system, a high-flow, precipitation-driven period and a dry, evapotranspiration-driven, low-flow period. I hypothesized that the two phases were correlated with activation of shallow hillslope and subsurface streamflow sources and that the activation of these sources would be reflected in stream chemistry and surface saturation dynamics. During high-flow periods of the FDC, stream geochemistry was largely unchanging, lacking a dilution effect and appeared a mix of the highly variable soil and groundwater. Thermal infrared (TIR) imagery suggested large surface saturation dynamics at high flows. The geochemical signature of streamflow and soil riparian water during low-flow periods most closely resembled groundwater chemistry and led to increasing base cation concentrations and electrical conductivity. Secondly, to better understand the effect of rain falling on saturated areas and the contribution of rainfall to saturation excess overland flow, I quantified surface saturation dynamics in a near- stream area during rainfall events using high-frequency TIR imagery. During 10 rainfall events across a 34-day period starting December 2013, a total of 161 mm of rainfall elicited 133 mm of runoff at the 6-ha outlet. Surface saturation within a 25-m² thermal infrared imaged area increased from 2 to 20% but was highly variable and weakly correlated to discharge and precipitation. Rainfall onto mapped, near-stream saturated areas accounted for little of the flow generated within a headwater reach. Streamflow isotopic composition at the 6-ha, headwater outlet deflected little throughout the 30-day rainfall period, 0.7 and 1.2 ‰ for δ¹⁸O and δ²H, respectively. Groundwater exfiltration within the saturated area generated nearly all of the streamflow as well the persistent saturation throughout the event. Thirdly, I examined the underlying controls on streamwater chemostasis in a forested, headwater catchment. Thermal infrared imagery was simultaneously used to quantify saturation expansion and groundwater exfiltration hotspots within the headwater reach. Streamflow during a series of rainfall events responded chemostatically, most measured geochemical species (Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Na⁺, SiO₂, Cl⁻, SO₄²⁻ and NO₃⁻) varied little (< 0.5 mg/L), despite discharge increases from 0.2 to 4 L/s. Groundwater levels within the saturated zone increased after an initial 24 mm of event rainfall and remained within 0.05 m of the soil surface throughout the runoff period. TIR imagery identified consistent groundwater exfiltration zones from temperature differences across the event-period in the saturated zone. This suggested that unlike many headwater systems, the alluvial aquifer was well connected to groundwater outside the riparian zone and the mapped seepage area was a focused discharge point for the catchment-scale groundwater flow system. Overall this work suggests that for this catchment, groundwater exfiltration in the near-stream zone strongly controls stream geochemical response as well as the timing, duration and quantity of streamflow generation. Title: The role of near-stream zones on flow, chemistry and isotopic composition at the headwater scale Author: Frentress, Jay Stream discharge is a key water balance component and important factor in global change evaluations. Nevertheless, the mechanisms for streamflow generation are poorly understood. Near- stream surface saturation during precipitation events is one of the most iconic, visible indicators of rapid runoff production in upland humid catchments around the world. Despite years of study, we lack understanding of what occurs within the near-stream saturated area, its mixing dynamics and how this affects catchment geochemical- and flow-response dynamics during events. This thesis explores the mechanisms that control near-stream saturated area behavior in a headwater catchment. First, I explore the relation between catchment geochemical response and the flow duration curve (FDC) for the 46-ha Weierbach catchment in Luxembourg across 10 years of runoff monitoring. The shape of the Weierbach FDC suggested a two-phase system, a high-flow, precipitation-driven period and a dry, evapotranspiration-driven, low-flow period. I hypothesized that the two phases were correlated with activation of shallow hillslope and subsurface streamflow sources and that the activation of these sources would be reflected in stream chemistry and surface saturation dynamics. During high-flow periods of the FDC, stream geochemistry was largely unchanging, lacking a dilution effect and appeared a mix of the highly variable soil and groundwater. Thermal infrared (TIR) imagery suggested large surface saturation dynamics at high flows. The geochemical signature of streamflow and soil riparian water during low-flow periods most closely resembled groundwater chemistry and led to increasing base cation concentrations and electrical conductivity. Secondly, to better understand the effect of rain falling on saturated areas and the contribution of rainfall to saturation excess overland flow, I quantified surface saturation dynamics in a near- stream area during rainfall events using high-frequency TIR imagery. During 10 rainfall events across a 34-day period starting December 2013, a total of 161 mm of rainfall elicited 133 mm of runoff at the 6-ha outlet. Surface saturation within a 25-m² thermal infrared imaged area increased from 2 to 20% but was highly variable and weakly correlated to discharge and precipitation. Rainfall onto mapped, near-stream saturated areas accounted for little of the flow generated within a headwater reach. Streamflow isotopic composition at the 6-ha, headwater outlet deflected little throughout the 30-day rainfall period, 0.7 and 1.2 ‰ for δ¹⁸O and δ²H, respectively. Groundwater exfiltration within the saturated area generated nearly all of the streamflow as well the persistent saturation throughout the event. Thirdly, I examined the underlying controls on streamwater chemostasis in a forested, headwater catchment. Thermal infrared imagery was simultaneously used to quantify saturation expansion and groundwater exfiltration hotspots within the headwater reach. Streamflow during a series of rainfall events responded chemostatically, most measured geochemical species (Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Na⁺, SiO₂, Cl⁻, SO₄²⁻ and NO₃⁻) varied little (< 0.5 mg/L), despite discharge increases from 0.2 to 4 L/s. Groundwater levels within the saturated zone increased after an initial 24 mm of event rainfall and remained within 0.05 m of the soil surface throughout the runoff period. TIR imagery identified consistent groundwater exfiltration zones from temperature differences across the event-period in the saturated zone. This suggested that unlike many headwater systems, the alluvial aquifer was well connected to groundwater outside the riparian zone and the mapped seepage area was a focused discharge point for the catchment-scale groundwater flow system. Overall this work suggests that for this catchment, groundwater exfiltration in the near-stream zone strongly controls stream geochemical response as well as the timing, duration and quantity of streamflow generation. Close

• 57. [Article] Effect of riparian areas on the ecological condition of small, perennial streams in agricultural landscapes of the Willamette Valley : research plan, June 1997

  Little research has been directed toward determining the status and ecological role of riparian areas in agricultural landscapes of the Willamette Valley, Oregon. A research project has been designed to ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Effect of riparian areas on the ecological condition of small, perennial streams in agricultural landscapes of the Willamette Valley : research plan, June 1997 Author: Moser, Thomas J., Schuft, Michael J., Wigington, P.J., Herlihy, Alan T., Van Sickle, John, Kaufmann, Phillip R., McAllister, Lynne S. Little research has been directed toward determining the status and ecological role of riparian areas in agricultural landscapes of the Willamette Valley, Oregon. A research project has been designed to contribute to the development and evaluation of alternative future scenarios and to improve the basic understanding of the role of riparian areas on the ecological condition of small, perennial streams in agricultural landscapes of the Willamette Valley. The objectives of the research are: (1) to quantify relationships between riparian attributes at varying spatial scales and stream ecological condition, and (2) to estimate the influence of selected riparian area-agricultural configurations on the indicators of stream ecological condition. To address these objectives, remotely-sensed imagery (aerial photography and thematic mapper satellite imagery) will be used to quantify land cover at multiple spatial scales (i.e., stream reach, stream network, watershed), from which riparian vegetation function, land use stressor, and stream network structure indicators (i.e., potential explanatory variables) are derived for 41 study watersheds. Title: Effect of riparian areas on the ecological condition of small, perennial streams in agricultural landscapes of the Willamette Valley : research plan, June 1997 Author: Moser, Thomas J., Schuft, Michael J., Wigington, P.J., Herlihy, Alan T., Van Sickle, John, Kaufmann, Phillip R., McAllister, Lynne S. Little research has been directed toward determining the status and ecological role of riparian areas in agricultural landscapes of the Willamette Valley, Oregon. A research project has been designed to contribute to the development and evaluation of alternative future scenarios and to improve the basic understanding of the role of riparian areas on the ecological condition of small, perennial streams in agricultural landscapes of the Willamette Valley. The objectives of the research are: (1) to quantify relationships between riparian attributes at varying spatial scales and stream ecological condition, and (2) to estimate the influence of selected riparian area-agricultural configurations on the indicators of stream ecological condition. To address these objectives, remotely-sensed imagery (aerial photography and thematic mapper satellite imagery) will be used to quantify land cover at multiple spatial scales (i.e., stream reach, stream network, watershed), from which riparian vegetation function, land use stressor, and stream network structure indicators (i.e., potential explanatory variables) are derived for 41 study watersheds. Close

• 58. [Article] Her hair is an open hand

  Her Hair is an Open Hand is a collection of free verse poems exploring unity and division through the lens of myth and place. The collection is organized into three sections. The first reflects on division: ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Her hair is an open hand Author: Olson, Rebecca (Rebecca Jean) Her Hair is an Open Hand is a collection of free verse poems exploring unity and division through the lens of myth and place. The collection is organized into three sections. The first reflects on division: alienation between the speaker and physical landscapes, isolation within romantic relationships, and the violation of safe spaces including the body. The second section examines liminal spaces: fragmented landscapes become lovely in their complication, isolation is broken through gestures of uninhibited sexuality and friendship. The final section is a celebration of unity: the speaker reflects on friendship and family legacy, and reconnects with the natural world. Her Hair is an Open Hand draws imagery from Scandinavian myth, the pastoral tradition, and the landscapes of the Pacific Northwest and upper Midwest. Title: Her hair is an open hand Author: Olson, Rebecca (Rebecca Jean) Her Hair is an Open Hand is a collection of free verse poems exploring unity and division through the lens of myth and place. The collection is organized into three sections. The first reflects on division: alienation between the speaker and physical landscapes, isolation within romantic relationships, and the violation of safe spaces including the body. The second section examines liminal spaces: fragmented landscapes become lovely in their complication, isolation is broken through gestures of uninhibited sexuality and friendship. The final section is a celebration of unity: the speaker reflects on friendship and family legacy, and reconnects with the natural world. Her Hair is an Open Hand draws imagery from Scandinavian myth, the pastoral tradition, and the landscapes of the Pacific Northwest and upper Midwest. Close

• 59. [Image] Lived through experience; Lived experience #X; Lived experience; Lived [through] experience

  	Black and white imagery combined with text; Some vellum pages; Some pages contain gatefold pages; This edition, limited to 300 copies, was printed at the University of Oregon Printing Services, Spring ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Lived through experience; Lived experience #X; Lived experience; Lived [through] experience Author: McFarlane, Skipper Black and white imagery combined with text; Some vellum pages; Some pages contain gatefold pages; This edition, limited to 300 copies, was printed at the University of Oregon Printing Services, Spring of 1998 as the culmination of an M.F.A. Thesis Project. The stories, characters and incidents featured in this publication are based on autobiographical incidents of the author which have since been expanded and elaborated on for legendary effect. To this end, some names and appearances have been altered regardless of the accuracy of the story portrayed. It should be remembered that any incident, true or otherwise has gone through the fluff between my ears. There is no attempt to defame or otherwise injure any person from my life who makes an appearance here as part of my exploration. Title: Lived through experience; Lived experience #X; Lived experience; Lived [through] experience Author: McFarlane, Skipper Black and white imagery combined with text; Some vellum pages; Some pages contain gatefold pages; This edition, limited to 300 copies, was printed at the University of Oregon Printing Services, Spring of 1998 as the culmination of an M.F.A. Thesis Project. The stories, characters and incidents featured in this publication are based on autobiographical incidents of the author which have since been expanded and elaborated on for legendary effect. To this end, some names and appearances have been altered regardless of the accuracy of the story portrayed. It should be remembered that any incident, true or otherwise has gone through the fluff between my ears. There is no attempt to defame or otherwise injure any person from my life who makes an appearance here as part of my exploration. Close

• 60. [Image] Aerial view of the Frank Tubbs farm near Pendleton, Oregon

  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Aerial view of the Frank Tubbs farm near Pendleton, Oregon Year: 1984 Title: Aerial view of the Frank Tubbs farm near Pendleton, Oregon Year: 1984 Close