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• 41. [Article] Individual Habitat Quotas for Fisheries

  Research Paper

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Individual Habitat Quotas for Fisheries Author: Holland, Daniel S., Schnier, Kurt E. Research Paper Title: Individual Habitat Quotas for Fisheries Author: Holland, Daniel S., Schnier, Kurt E. Research Paper Close

• 42. [Article] An economic analysis of alternative water allocations and habitat investments for anadromous fish production, John Day Basin, Oregon

  This thesis focuses on the economic efficiency of alternative habitat, streamfiow, and land use allocations within a major drainage of the Pacific Northwest. Specifically, productivity of present habitat and ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: An economic analysis of alternative water allocations and habitat investments for anadromous fish production, John Day Basin, Oregon Author: Cerda, Arcadio Alberto This thesis focuses on the economic efficiency of alternative habitat, streamfiow, and land use allocations within a major drainage of the Pacific Northwest. Specifically, productivity of present habitat and streamfiow conditions is evaluated with respect to anadromous fish species (chinook salmon and steelhead trout) in the John Day River Basin, a high-desert system in the Pacific Northwest. Alternative water allocations and fish habitat enhancements to improve anadromous fish productivity are also examined. This biophysical information is combined with economics concepts to evaluate comparative benefits and economic efficiency of selected technically feasible habitat/streamflow alternatives. The John Day River Basin is used as a case study because it provides one of the most significant runs of wild summer steelhead trout and spring chinook salmon in the Columbia River Basin. Specific categories of alternative enhancements included water transfers to instream flow, habitat vegetation improvements, and habitat structural measures. The benefits of changes in fish numbers are valued through the travel cost method. Costs of habitat investments are derived from a synthesis of cost data for similar investments for the region. For most lower-reach stream sections, benefits of habitat investments/streamflow alternatives do not equal costs. However, changes in water allocations and habitat do appear economically efficient to some upper reaches. The main results suggest that economic efficiency varies greatly within the system, indicating the need for site-specific proposals for streamfiow or habitat alterations within this or similar high desert streams. In addition to providing preliminary estimates of the economic efficency of streamfiow and habitat investments, this thesis serves as a methodological template for future integrated bioeconomic evaluations of water and fishery management issues. Title: An economic analysis of alternative water allocations and habitat investments for anadromous fish production, John Day Basin, Oregon Author: Cerda, Arcadio Alberto This thesis focuses on the economic efficiency of alternative habitat, streamfiow, and land use allocations within a major drainage of the Pacific Northwest. Specifically, productivity of present habitat and streamfiow conditions is evaluated with respect to anadromous fish species (chinook salmon and steelhead trout) in the John Day River Basin, a high-desert system in the Pacific Northwest. Alternative water allocations and fish habitat enhancements to improve anadromous fish productivity are also examined. This biophysical information is combined with economics concepts to evaluate comparative benefits and economic efficiency of selected technically feasible habitat/streamflow alternatives. The John Day River Basin is used as a case study because it provides one of the most significant runs of wild summer steelhead trout and spring chinook salmon in the Columbia River Basin. Specific categories of alternative enhancements included water transfers to instream flow, habitat vegetation improvements, and habitat structural measures. The benefits of changes in fish numbers are valued through the travel cost method. Costs of habitat investments are derived from a synthesis of cost data for similar investments for the region. For most lower-reach stream sections, benefits of habitat investments/streamflow alternatives do not equal costs. However, changes in water allocations and habitat do appear economically efficient to some upper reaches. The main results suggest that economic efficiency varies greatly within the system, indicating the need for site-specific proposals for streamfiow or habitat alterations within this or similar high desert streams. In addition to providing preliminary estimates of the economic efficency of streamfiow and habitat investments, this thesis serves as a methodological template for future integrated bioeconomic evaluations of water and fishery management issues. Close

• 43. [Article] Identification and mapping of habitat types in the vicinity of Mount Tolman in eastern Washington

  Studies were conducted in the vicinity of Mount Tolman on the Colville Indian Reservation in eastern Washington in order to identify vegetation habitat types of the area. After field studies were completed, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Identification and mapping of habitat types in the vicinity of Mount Tolman in eastern Washington Author: Wilson, Mary Loverna Studies were conducted in the vicinity of Mount Tolman on the Colville Indian Reservation in eastern Washington in order to identify vegetation habitat types of the area. After field studies were completed, Daubenmire's keys to habitat types of eastern Washington (1968, 1970) were used to determine habitat types of the area. On the basis of sampling results, eleven habitat types were identified and described. This information was used in conjunction with aerial photointerpretation to prepare a vegetation map. Daubenmire's baseline studies, from which the habitat type keys were developed, were conducted in pristine climax stands. The Mount Tolman study area vegetation has been subjected to human disturbance for many years. Agriculture, grazing, logging, mining, and urbanization have all had an impact on the natural vegetation of the area. It was of interest to see at what levels of disturbance it would still be possible to determine habitat types from remnant native vegetation. Steppe habitat types identified were Agropyron spicatum/Festuca idahoensis and Purshia tridentata/Agropyron spicatum. Very little vegetation representative of these habitat types remained in the study area because of conversion of most open land to either agricultural crops or pasture. Most steppe portions of the study area had been heavily grazed and supported disclimax vegetation dominated by Bromus tectorum and other weedy species. Four Pinus ponderosa habitat types were identified. They were Pinus ponderosa/Agropyron spicatum, Pinus ponderosa/Festuca idahoensis, Pinus ponderosa/Purshia tridentata, and Pinus ponderosa/Symphoricarpos albus. Together they composed 43 percent of the study area. Three other forest habitats, Pseudotsuga menziesii/Symphoricarpos albus, Pseudotsuga menziesii/Physocarpus malvaceus, and Abies grandis/Pachistima myrsinites, occupied 30 percent of the study area. Two riparian habitat types occurred consistently in the creek drainages. One of these was Crataegus douglasii/ Symphoricarpus albus, both the Crataegus phase, and Populus tremuloides phase; the other was Alnus incana/Lysichitum americanum. Using Daubenmire's keys, coupled with information about seral communities and successional patterns, proved to be effective in determining habitat types in all but the most disturbed sites. Title: Identification and mapping of habitat types in the vicinity of Mount Tolman in eastern Washington Author: Wilson, Mary Loverna Studies were conducted in the vicinity of Mount Tolman on the Colville Indian Reservation in eastern Washington in order to identify vegetation habitat types of the area. After field studies were completed, Daubenmire's keys to habitat types of eastern Washington (1968, 1970) were used to determine habitat types of the area. On the basis of sampling results, eleven habitat types were identified and described. This information was used in conjunction with aerial photointerpretation to prepare a vegetation map. Daubenmire's baseline studies, from which the habitat type keys were developed, were conducted in pristine climax stands. The Mount Tolman study area vegetation has been subjected to human disturbance for many years. Agriculture, grazing, logging, mining, and urbanization have all had an impact on the natural vegetation of the area. It was of interest to see at what levels of disturbance it would still be possible to determine habitat types from remnant native vegetation. Steppe habitat types identified were Agropyron spicatum/Festuca idahoensis and Purshia tridentata/Agropyron spicatum. Very little vegetation representative of these habitat types remained in the study area because of conversion of most open land to either agricultural crops or pasture. Most steppe portions of the study area had been heavily grazed and supported disclimax vegetation dominated by Bromus tectorum and other weedy species. Four Pinus ponderosa habitat types were identified. They were Pinus ponderosa/Agropyron spicatum, Pinus ponderosa/Festuca idahoensis, Pinus ponderosa/Purshia tridentata, and Pinus ponderosa/Symphoricarpos albus. Together they composed 43 percent of the study area. Three other forest habitats, Pseudotsuga menziesii/Symphoricarpos albus, Pseudotsuga menziesii/Physocarpus malvaceus, and Abies grandis/Pachistima myrsinites, occupied 30 percent of the study area. Two riparian habitat types occurred consistently in the creek drainages. One of these was Crataegus douglasii/ Symphoricarpus albus, both the Crataegus phase, and Populus tremuloides phase; the other was Alnus incana/Lysichitum americanum. Using Daubenmire's keys, coupled with information about seral communities and successional patterns, proved to be effective in determining habitat types in all but the most disturbed sites. Close

• 44. [Article] A Bioeconomic Model of Fishery-Habitat Impacts

  Abstract only.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: A Bioeconomic Model of Fishery-Habitat Impacts Author: Kahui, Viktoria, Armstrong, Claire Abstract only. Title: A Bioeconomic Model of Fishery-Habitat Impacts Author: Kahui, Viktoria, Armstrong, Claire Abstract only. Close

• 45. [Article] Oak Habitat Mapping and Monitoring in the Southern Eugene Ridgeline

  Submitted to the Undergraduate Library Research Award scholarship competition: 2010-2011. 63 p.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Oak Habitat Mapping and Monitoring in the Southern Eugene Ridgeline Author: Bigalke, Brittany, Kimmy, Ertel, Liston, Matthew, Park, Alex, Russell, Alexandria, Silva, Matt Year: 2011 Submitted to the Undergraduate Library Research Award scholarship competition: 2010-2011. 63 p. Title: Oak Habitat Mapping and Monitoring in the Southern Eugene Ridgeline Author: Bigalke, Brittany, Kimmy, Ertel, Liston, Matthew, Park, Alex, Russell, Alexandria, Silva, Matt Year: 2011 Submitted to the Undergraduate Library Research Award scholarship competition: 2010-2011. 63 p. Close

• 46. [Article] Ecology of aquatic habitats associated with stream margins

  The morphology and ecological importance of habitats associated with the margin of third-order stream channels in the Oregon Cascades were studied in streams in three different riparian types: 450-year-old ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Ecology of aquatic habitats associated with stream margins Author: Moore, Kelly M. S. The morphology and ecological importance of habitats associated with the margin of third-order stream channels in the Oregon Cascades were studied in streams in three different riparian types: 450-year-old conifers, 40-year-old alder, and an open, herbaceous-dominated clearcut. Margins, backwaters, and side channels in streams create important habitat for fry of cutthroat trout (Salmo clarki clarki) and support benthic invertebrate assemblages of high denSity and distinctive composition. These lateral habitats are characterized by slow, shallow water, heterogeneous size distribution of substrates, abundant detritus, and by hydraulic and morphologic persistence. In the study reaches, area of lateral habitat was maximum in early summer, averaging 15 percent of total stream area. The amount of lateral habitat decreased with either lower or higher flows. During a 1-yr period lateral habitats in the coniferous site changed the least. The volume and hydraulic characteristics of individual lateral habitats were functions of the morphology of the structures that formed the habitat and the orientation and location of the habitat relative to the central axis of the strea Large woody debris and large boulders created lateral habitats that were larger, had longer hydrologic residence times, and were more persistent when streamflow changed than lateral habitats formed by small boulders and cobble. Stream margins and backwaters were major sites of detritus storage. Average detritus standing crop in backwaters and stream margins was 5 to 15 times greater than standing crops in riffles or pools in the same stream. Detritus at the coniferous reach had higher organic matter content and a greater percentage of lignin than detritus at the deciduous reach. Detritus at the open reach was much lower in organic matter content, but the ratio of cellulose to lignin was greater than in the forested reaches. The activity of microbial assemblages associated with fine detritus was generally highest at the open reach. Average standing crop of chlorophyll a was highest at the open site. The abundance and quality of nutritional resources in lateral habitats were reflected in the associated invertebrate communities. High densities of chironomids, early instar Ephemeroptera and Plecoptera, oligochaetes, and micro-crustacea were found in stream margins and backwaters at each site. Mean invertebrate density in lateral habitats was similar in the coniferous (66,500 individuals/m²) and open (75,000 individuals/m²) reaches, but lower at the deciduous site (24,000 individuals/m²). Collector-gatherer, shredder, and predator functional feeding groups were well represented at each site. Differences in functional roup organization between reaches were primarily related tp increased numbers of herbivorous collector-gatherers at the open site and a greater relative abundance of shredders at the deciduous site. Cutthroat trout fry populations were directly linked to the length of stream edge and the area of lateral habitat. Fry occupy lateral habitats immediately after emergence and may not move from lateral habitats until the end of their first summer. In an experimental manipulation of nine stream reaches, increasing lateral habitat prior to fry emergence resulted in 2.5 times higher fry density than in control reaches and reducing lateral habitat virtually eliminated fry populations. Cutthroat trout in headwater streams continue to use lateral habitats throughout their life cycle as refuge for all age classes during high streamflow and by adult trout as spawning areas. Title: Ecology of aquatic habitats associated with stream margins Author: Moore, Kelly M. S. The morphology and ecological importance of habitats associated with the margin of third-order stream channels in the Oregon Cascades were studied in streams in three different riparian types: 450-year-old conifers, 40-year-old alder, and an open, herbaceous-dominated clearcut. Margins, backwaters, and side channels in streams create important habitat for fry of cutthroat trout (Salmo clarki clarki) and support benthic invertebrate assemblages of high denSity and distinctive composition. These lateral habitats are characterized by slow, shallow water, heterogeneous size distribution of substrates, abundant detritus, and by hydraulic and morphologic persistence. In the study reaches, area of lateral habitat was maximum in early summer, averaging 15 percent of total stream area. The amount of lateral habitat decreased with either lower or higher flows. During a 1-yr period lateral habitats in the coniferous site changed the least. The volume and hydraulic characteristics of individual lateral habitats were functions of the morphology of the structures that formed the habitat and the orientation and location of the habitat relative to the central axis of the strea Large woody debris and large boulders created lateral habitats that were larger, had longer hydrologic residence times, and were more persistent when streamflow changed than lateral habitats formed by small boulders and cobble. Stream margins and backwaters were major sites of detritus storage. Average detritus standing crop in backwaters and stream margins was 5 to 15 times greater than standing crops in riffles or pools in the same stream. Detritus at the coniferous reach had higher organic matter content and a greater percentage of lignin than detritus at the deciduous reach. Detritus at the open reach was much lower in organic matter content, but the ratio of cellulose to lignin was greater than in the forested reaches. The activity of microbial assemblages associated with fine detritus was generally highest at the open reach. Average standing crop of chlorophyll a was highest at the open site. The abundance and quality of nutritional resources in lateral habitats were reflected in the associated invertebrate communities. High densities of chironomids, early instar Ephemeroptera and Plecoptera, oligochaetes, and micro-crustacea were found in stream margins and backwaters at each site. Mean invertebrate density in lateral habitats was similar in the coniferous (66,500 individuals/m²) and open (75,000 individuals/m²) reaches, but lower at the deciduous site (24,000 individuals/m²). Collector-gatherer, shredder, and predator functional feeding groups were well represented at each site. Differences in functional roup organization between reaches were primarily related tp increased numbers of herbivorous collector-gatherers at the open site and a greater relative abundance of shredders at the deciduous site. Cutthroat trout fry populations were directly linked to the length of stream edge and the area of lateral habitat. Fry occupy lateral habitats immediately after emergence and may not move from lateral habitats until the end of their first summer. In an experimental manipulation of nine stream reaches, increasing lateral habitat prior to fry emergence resulted in 2.5 times higher fry density than in control reaches and reducing lateral habitat virtually eliminated fry populations. Cutthroat trout in headwater streams continue to use lateral habitats throughout their life cycle as refuge for all age classes during high streamflow and by adult trout as spawning areas. Close

• 47. [Article] Clover Creek restoration

  This project included 8 miles of fencing, 18 stock water tanks, 10 acres of riparian planting, 1 hardened crossing and 1 culvert crossing. Six landowners participated in the project.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Clover Creek restoration Author: Partnership for the Umpqua Rivers This project included 8 miles of fencing, 18 stock water tanks, 10 acres of riparian planting, 1 hardened crossing and 1 culvert crossing. Six landowners participated in the project. Title: Clover Creek restoration Author: Partnership for the Umpqua Rivers This project included 8 miles of fencing, 18 stock water tanks, 10 acres of riparian planting, 1 hardened crossing and 1 culvert crossing. Six landowners participated in the project. Close

• 48. [Article] A guide to placing large wood in streams

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: A guide to placing large wood in streams Author: Oregon. Forest Practices Section, Oregon. Habitat Conservation Division Title: A guide to placing large wood in streams Author: Oregon. Forest Practices Section, Oregon. Habitat Conservation Division Close

• 49. [Article] South Fork Coos River and Tributaries - Aquatic Inventory (AQI) Data

  Abstract -- Aquatic habitat surveys were conducted in the South Fork Coos River located within the Coos Watershed. The surveys followed the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (ODFW) Aquatic Inventory's ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: South Fork Coos River and Tributaries - Aquatic Inventory (AQI) Data Abstract -- Aquatic habitat surveys were conducted in the South Fork Coos River located within the Coos Watershed. The surveys followed the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (ODFW) Aquatic Inventory's (AQI) Protocol. Title: South Fork Coos River and Tributaries - Aquatic Inventory (AQI) Data Abstract -- Aquatic habitat surveys were conducted in the South Fork Coos River located within the Coos Watershed. The surveys followed the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (ODFW) Aquatic Inventory's (AQI) Protocol. Close

• 50. [Article] Stream Habitat Conditions in Western Oregon 2005 Monitoring Report Report Number: OPSW-ODFW-2007-5

  Abstract -- Monitoring programs under the Oregon Plan for Salmon and Watersheds were designed to assess the status and trend in fish populations and aquatic habitat in Oregon’s coastal basins. Although ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Stream Habitat Conditions in Western Oregon 2005 Monitoring Report Report Number: OPSW-ODFW-2007-5 Abstract -- Monitoring programs under the Oregon Plan for Salmon and Watersheds were designed to assess the status and trend in fish populations and aquatic habitat in Oregon’s coastal basins. Although the Oregon Plan for Salmon and Watersheds was initiated in response to the petition to list Oregon coastal coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) as threatened under the Endangered Species Act (ESA), monitoring was subsequently expanded to include other salmonids. Through coordinated surveys we are able to evaluate freshwater habitat, fish distribution, and abundance of juvenile and adult coho salmon and steelhead trout. The habitat survey project has the broadest geographic scope of inference and ties to other program components as well – basin surveys, surveys at habitat restoration sites, adult and juvenile coho surveys, and life cycle watersheds (Flitcroft et al. 2002). The Oregon Plan facilitated cooperation and partnerships to study the contemporary life history dynamics of coho salmon in the Oregon coastal ESU (Evolutionary Significant Unit). A viability and status assessment of Oregon coastal Coho (Chilcote 2005) and the Conservation Plan for the Oregon Coast Coho Evolutionary Significant Unit (Nicholas 2006) evaluated the relationship of aquatic habitat to the productivity of coho salmon populations and recommended actions to promote recovery. The habitat portion of the viability assessment was based on a review of aquatic and riparian habitat collected by the Aquatic Inventories Project (ODFW) from 1990 to 2004 (Rodgers et al. 2005). The authors of the habitat assessment (Rodgers et al 2005) and viability assessment (Chilcote 2005) concluded that coho productivity in 22 coastal coho populations was limited by the complexity of stream habitat used by juvenile coho during their first winter of freshwater residence. The term “stream complexity” integrates geomorphic and structural characteristics of streams and associated aquatic habitat. Complex geomorphic features may be observed in low gradient streams flowing through wide valley floors with multiple channels and off-channel habitats. Structural complexity refers to the size and configuration of pools, large wood pieces and jams, substrate, and undercut banks. The combination of geomorphic and structural features provides cover and refugia during high winter flows for juvenile coho. Stream reaches that can or have the potential to create these conditions are commonly located in lower reaches of moderate size streams in areas with wide valley floors and are considered to contain high quality habitat for juvenile coho. Burnett et al. (2007) developed spatial models to estimate high-quality habitat rearing potential, termed intrinsic potential, in coastal streams. A stream’s intrinsic potential was modeled using valley width, gradient, and stream flow. Historically, streams identified as having high intrinsic potential may have been the most productive for juvenile coho salmon; restoration of these reaches may be the key to recovery of coho salmon. The viability assessment and Coho Plan recommend that we monitor the trends in total amount and spatial distribution of these habitats in coastal drainages. This report discusses the findings from aquatic habitat surveys conducted in summer 2005 in coastal drainages. Our objectives are to describe and compare channel morphology, instream habitat and complexity, and riparian conditions in all wadeable streams in five monitoring areas. The sample design permitted us to post stratify the sample sites into three additional frames: sites within coho and steelhead distribution, sites outside coho distribution, and sites within high intrinsic potential for coho. We also used two habitat models to integrate habitat attributes to describe the habitat quality and capacity for different life stages of juvenile coho and steelhead. Title: Stream Habitat Conditions in Western Oregon 2005 Monitoring Report Report Number: OPSW-ODFW-2007-5 Abstract -- Monitoring programs under the Oregon Plan for Salmon and Watersheds were designed to assess the status and trend in fish populations and aquatic habitat in Oregon’s coastal basins. Although the Oregon Plan for Salmon and Watersheds was initiated in response to the petition to list Oregon coastal coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) as threatened under the Endangered Species Act (ESA), monitoring was subsequently expanded to include other salmonids. Through coordinated surveys we are able to evaluate freshwater habitat, fish distribution, and abundance of juvenile and adult coho salmon and steelhead trout. The habitat survey project has the broadest geographic scope of inference and ties to other program components as well – basin surveys, surveys at habitat restoration sites, adult and juvenile coho surveys, and life cycle watersheds (Flitcroft et al. 2002). The Oregon Plan facilitated cooperation and partnerships to study the contemporary life history dynamics of coho salmon in the Oregon coastal ESU (Evolutionary Significant Unit). A viability and status assessment of Oregon coastal Coho (Chilcote 2005) and the Conservation Plan for the Oregon Coast Coho Evolutionary Significant Unit (Nicholas 2006) evaluated the relationship of aquatic habitat to the productivity of coho salmon populations and recommended actions to promote recovery. The habitat portion of the viability assessment was based on a review of aquatic and riparian habitat collected by the Aquatic Inventories Project (ODFW) from 1990 to 2004 (Rodgers et al. 2005). The authors of the habitat assessment (Rodgers et al 2005) and viability assessment (Chilcote 2005) concluded that coho productivity in 22 coastal coho populations was limited by the complexity of stream habitat used by juvenile coho during their first winter of freshwater residence. The term “stream complexity” integrates geomorphic and structural characteristics of streams and associated aquatic habitat. Complex geomorphic features may be observed in low gradient streams flowing through wide valley floors with multiple channels and off-channel habitats. Structural complexity refers to the size and configuration of pools, large wood pieces and jams, substrate, and undercut banks. The combination of geomorphic and structural features provides cover and refugia during high winter flows for juvenile coho. Stream reaches that can or have the potential to create these conditions are commonly located in lower reaches of moderate size streams in areas with wide valley floors and are considered to contain high quality habitat for juvenile coho. Burnett et al. (2007) developed spatial models to estimate high-quality habitat rearing potential, termed intrinsic potential, in coastal streams. A stream’s intrinsic potential was modeled using valley width, gradient, and stream flow. Historically, streams identified as having high intrinsic potential may have been the most productive for juvenile coho salmon; restoration of these reaches may be the key to recovery of coho salmon. The viability assessment and Coho Plan recommend that we monitor the trends in total amount and spatial distribution of these habitats in coastal drainages. This report discusses the findings from aquatic habitat surveys conducted in summer 2005 in coastal drainages. Our objectives are to describe and compare channel morphology, instream habitat and complexity, and riparian conditions in all wadeable streams in five monitoring areas. The sample design permitted us to post stratify the sample sites into three additional frames: sites within coho and steelhead distribution, sites outside coho distribution, and sites within high intrinsic potential for coho. We also used two habitat models to integrate habitat attributes to describe the habitat quality and capacity for different life stages of juvenile coho and steelhead. Close