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• 41. [Image] Research on the Physical Properties of Geothermal Reservoir Rock. Quarterly Report.

  	Laboratory measurements of thermal conductivity and capillary pressure have been undertaken for samples of Cenozoic Volcanic rocks collected from the Columbia Plateau Volcanic basin. These measurements ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Research on the Physical Properties of Geothermal Reservoir Rock. Quarterly Report. Author: Skokan, C.K. Year: 1978 Laboratory measurements of thermal conductivity and capillary pressure have been undertaken for samples of Cenozoic Volcanic rocks collected from the Columbia Plateau Volcanic basin. These measurements were performed at atmospheric pressure and room temperature. Various methods of measuring thermal conductivity were investigated and finally a flash method was chosen. The equipment was constructed and tested. The results were favorable. Numerous capillary pressure curves were obtained by use of the mercury injection technique. These curves indicate pore structure: pore size, pore distribution, pore volume, and pore geometry. Measurements of this type help to explain variations in rock properties such as seismic velocities and resistivities Title: Research on the Physical Properties of Geothermal Reservoir Rock. Quarterly Report. Author: Skokan, C.K. Year: 1978 Laboratory measurements of thermal conductivity and capillary pressure have been undertaken for samples of Cenozoic Volcanic rocks collected from the Columbia Plateau Volcanic basin. These measurements were performed at atmospheric pressure and room temperature. Various methods of measuring thermal conductivity were investigated and finally a flash method was chosen. The equipment was constructed and tested. The results were favorable. Numerous capillary pressure curves were obtained by use of the mercury injection technique. These curves indicate pore structure: pore size, pore distribution, pore volume, and pore geometry. Measurements of this type help to explain variations in rock properties such as seismic velocities and resistivities Close

• 42. [Image] Market Feasibility Assessment of Four Development Projects

  	This report is the result of work by the Center for Business and Economic Research (CBER), California State University, Chico, under contract with Fort Bidwell Indian Community Council (FBICC) to assess ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Market Feasibility Assessment of Four Development Projects Author: The Center for Business and Economic Research Year: 1980 This report is the result of work by the Center for Business and Economic Research (CBER), California State University, Chico, under contract with Fort Bidwell Indian Community Council (FBICC) to assess the economic feasibility of four projects specified by FBICC: Freshwater Prawn Production; Hydroponic Rose Production; Christmas Tree Harvesting; and the Incentives and Impact of Attracting an Electronic Assembly Firm to Fort Bidwell Title: Market Feasibility Assessment of Four Development Projects Author: The Center for Business and Economic Research Year: 1980 This report is the result of work by the Center for Business and Economic Research (CBER), California State University, Chico, under contract with Fort Bidwell Indian Community Council (FBICC) to assess the economic feasibility of four projects specified by FBICC: Freshwater Prawn Production; Hydroponic Rose Production; Christmas Tree Harvesting; and the Incentives and Impact of Attracting an Electronic Assembly Firm to Fort Bidwell Close

• 43. [Image] Site Insolation and Wind Power Characteristics: Technical Report Western Region (North Section)

  	This study phase was performed to provide historic statistical information on solar and wind power availability in the Western Region (North Section) of the United States. A total of 21 NOAA SOLMET stations ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Site Insolation and Wind Power Characteristics: Technical Report Western Region (North Section) Author: Bray, Roger E. Year: 1980 This study phase was performed to provide historic statistical information on solar and wind power availability in the Western Region (North Section) of the United States. A total of 21 NOAA SOLMET stations were selected to represent this region Title: Site Insolation and Wind Power Characteristics: Technical Report Western Region (North Section) Author: Bray, Roger E. Year: 1980 This study phase was performed to provide historic statistical information on solar and wind power availability in the Western Region (North Section) of the United States. A total of 21 NOAA SOLMET stations were selected to represent this region Close

• 44. [Image] Site Insolation and Wind Power Characteristics: Technical Report Western Region (South Section)

  	This study phase was performed to provide historic statistical information on solar and wind power availability in the Western Region (South Section) of the United States. A total of 22 NOAA SOLMET stations ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Site Insolation and Wind Power Characteristics: Technical Report Western Region (South Section) Author: Bray, Roger E. Year: 1980 This study phase was performed to provide historic statistical information on solar and wind power availability in the Western Region (South Section) of the United States. A total of 22 NOAA SOLMET stations were selected to represent this region Title: Site Insolation and Wind Power Characteristics: Technical Report Western Region (South Section) Author: Bray, Roger E. Year: 1980 This study phase was performed to provide historic statistical information on solar and wind power availability in the Western Region (South Section) of the United States. A total of 22 NOAA SOLMET stations were selected to represent this region Close

• 45. [Article] Nilestun Year 2 Efficacy Monitoring Report - Juvenile Fish Response

  Abstract -- Catch per unit effort data were gathered for three salt marsh restoration sub-basins, three mainstem river reference locations, and a salt marsh reference sub-basin. Report results cover May-Aug ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Nilestun Year 2 Efficacy Monitoring Report - Juvenile Fish Response Abstract -- Catch per unit effort data were gathered for three salt marsh restoration sub-basins, three mainstem river reference locations, and a salt marsh reference sub-basin. Report results cover May-Aug occupancy and catch per unit effort during the second year after restoration. Results suggest significant response by age-0 and age-1 salmonids. More broad results provided in the report cover tidal inundation, exchange rates, salinity, temperature, soil moisture and plant communities. Title: Nilestun Year 2 Efficacy Monitoring Report - Juvenile Fish Response Abstract -- Catch per unit effort data were gathered for three salt marsh restoration sub-basins, three mainstem river reference locations, and a salt marsh reference sub-basin. Report results cover May-Aug occupancy and catch per unit effort during the second year after restoration. Results suggest significant response by age-0 and age-1 salmonids. More broad results provided in the report cover tidal inundation, exchange rates, salinity, temperature, soil moisture and plant communities. Close

• 46. [Image] A review of scientific information on issues related to the use and management of water resources in the Pacific Northwest

  	Abstract Everest, Fred H.; Stouder, Deanna J.; Kakoyannis, Christina; Houston, Laurie; Stankey, George; Kline, Jeffery; Alig, Ralph. 2004. A review of scientific information ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: A review of scientific information on issues related to the use and management of water resources in the Pacific Northwest Year: 2004 Abstract Everest, Fred H.; Stouder, Deanna J.; Kakoyannis, Christina; Houston, Laurie; Stankey, George; Kline, Jeffery; Alig, Ralph. 2004. A review of scientific information on issues related to the use and management of water resources in the Pacific Northwest. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-595. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 128 p. Fresh water is a valuable and essential commodity in the Pacific Northwest States, specifically Oregon, Washington, and Idaho, and one provided abundantly by forested watersheds in the region. The maintenance and growth of industrial, municipal, agricultural, and recreational activities in the region are dependent on adequate and sustainable supplies of fresh water from surface and ground-water sources. Future development, especially in the semiarid intermountain area, depends on the conservation and expansion of the region's water resource. This synthesis reviews the state of our knowledge and condition of water resources in the Pacific Northwest. Keywords: Water distribution, flow regimes, water demand, conflicts, tools, water use. Title: A review of scientific information on issues related to the use and management of water resources in the Pacific Northwest Year: 2004 Abstract Everest, Fred H.; Stouder, Deanna J.; Kakoyannis, Christina; Houston, Laurie; Stankey, George; Kline, Jeffery; Alig, Ralph. 2004. A review of scientific information on issues related to the use and management of water resources in the Pacific Northwest. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-595. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 128 p. Fresh water is a valuable and essential commodity in the Pacific Northwest States, specifically Oregon, Washington, and Idaho, and one provided abundantly by forested watersheds in the region. The maintenance and growth of industrial, municipal, agricultural, and recreational activities in the region are dependent on adequate and sustainable supplies of fresh water from surface and ground-water sources. Future development, especially in the semiarid intermountain area, depends on the conservation and expansion of the region's water resource. This synthesis reviews the state of our knowledge and condition of water resources in the Pacific Northwest. Keywords: Water distribution, flow regimes, water demand, conflicts, tools, water use. Close

• 47. [Image] The Third Klamath Basin Watershed Restoration and Research Conference

  	Cover title; "March 1999."
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Third Klamath Basin Watershed Restoration and Research Conference Year: 1999, 2004 Cover title; "March 1999." Title: The Third Klamath Basin Watershed Restoration and Research Conference Year: 1999, 2004 Cover title; "March 1999." Close

• 48. [Image] Summary of the analysis of the management situation: Klamath Falls Resource Area resource management plan

  	"December 1990"
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Summary of the analysis of the management situation: Klamath Falls Resource Area resource management plan Author: United States. Bureau of Land Management. Klamath Falls Resource Area Office. Year: 1990, 2005, 2004 "December 1990" Title: Summary of the analysis of the management situation: Klamath Falls Resource Area resource management plan Author: United States. Bureau of Land Management. Klamath Falls Resource Area Office. Year: 1990, 2005, 2004 "December 1990" Close

• 49. [Image] Upper Klamath Lake Basin nutrient-loading study: assessment of historic flows in the Williamson and Sprague Rivers

  	"The goal of the project is to quantitatively describe the nature and extent of the ground-water flow systems in the basin."
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Upper Klamath Lake Basin nutrient-loading study: assessment of historic flows in the Williamson and Sprague Rivers Author: Risley, John C. Year: 1999, 2005, 2004 "The goal of the project is to quantitatively describe the nature and extent of the ground-water flow systems in the basin." Title: Upper Klamath Lake Basin nutrient-loading study: assessment of historic flows in the Williamson and Sprague Rivers Author: Risley, John C. Year: 1999, 2005, 2004 "The goal of the project is to quantitatively describe the nature and extent of the ground-water flow systems in the basin." Close

• 50. [Image] Relation between selected water-quality variables and lake level in Upper Klamath and Agency Lakes, Oregon

  	Relation Between Selected Water-Quality Constituents and Lake Stage in Upper Klamath and Agency Lakes, Oregon By Tamara M. Wood, Gregory J. Fuhrer, and Jennifer L. Morace SUMMARY Upper Klamath Lake is ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Relation between selected water-quality variables and lake level in Upper Klamath and Agency Lakes, Oregon Author: Wood, Tamara M. Year: 1996, 2005, 2004 Relation Between Selected Water-Quality Constituents and Lake Stage in Upper Klamath and Agency Lakes, Oregon By Tamara M. Wood, Gregory J. Fuhrer, and Jennifer L. Morace SUMMARY Upper Klamath Lake is a large (140 square-mile), shallow (mean depth about 8 ft) lake in south-central Oregon that the historical record indicates has been eutrophic since its discovery by non-Native Americans. In recent decades, however, the lake has had annual occurrences of near-monoculture blooms of the blue-green alga Aphanizomenon flos-aquae. In 1988 two sucker species endemic to the lake, the Lost River sucker (Deltistes luxatus) and the shortnose sucker (Chasmistes brevirostris), were listed as endangered by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and it has been proposed that the poor water quality conditions associated with extremely long and productive blooms are contributing to the decline of those species. It has also been proposed that the low lake levels made possible by the construction of a dam at the outlet from the lake in 1921 have contributed to worsening water quality through a variety of possible mechanisms (Jacob Kann, Klamath Tribes, written com-mun., 1995). One such mechanism would be an increase in internal phosphorus loading from resuspended sediments (Jacoby and others, 1982), resulting from an increase in bottom shear stresses at lower lake levels (Laenen and LeTourneau, 1996), leading in turn to more intense algal blooms. Another possible mechanism is an earlier triggering of algal blooms. When early spring lake levels are low, greater light intensity at the sediment surface might speed recruitment of algal cells from the sediments. Sediment recruitment has been shown to be an important contributor to water column biomass increases in A. flos aquae (Barbiero and Kann, 1994) and Gloeotrichia echinulata (Barbiero, 1993). An earlier bloom could result in poor water quality conditions occurring earlier in the year, when young-of-the-year fish may be more susceptible to those conditions. Lake level can also influence water quality directly. An increased frequency of sediment resuspension at lower lake levels could increase chemical and biological oxygen demand, resulting in decreased dissolved oxygen concentrations. Sediment oxygen demand also may be enhanced at lower lake levels because it is concentrated over a smaller volume of water. Some compensation for increased oxygen demand at lower lake levels might be provided by increased reaeration, if the water column mixes from top to bottom more frequently. Based on the analysis of data that they have been collecting for several years, the Klamath Tribes recently recommended that the Bureau of Reclamation (Reclamation) modify the operating plan for the dam to make the minimum lake levels for the June-August period more closely resemble pre-dam conditions (Jacob Kann, written commun., 1995). The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) was asked to analyze the available data for the lake and to assess whether the evidence exists to conclude that year-to-year differences in certain lake water-quality variables are related to year-to-year differences in lake level. The results of the analysis will be used as scientific input in the process of developing an operating plan for the Link River Dam. Datasets Two water-quality datasets were analyzed. The first was a series of hourly records of pH, dissolved oxygen, and water temperature, each of approximately a week's duration. The records were collected at 3 sites over 3 years, 1992 through 1994, with enough consistency to define the seasonal patterns. This dataset provided information about the diel extremes in dissolved oxygen and pH and the seasonal pattern in the diel cycle, but measurements were limited to a depth of 1 m(3.28 ft). The second dataset was a set of depth profiles of pH and dissolved oxygen and concurrent depth-integrated samples for nutrients and chlo-rophyll-a. The profiles were collected at approximately biweekly intervals at nine sites (seven in Upper Klamath and two in Agency Lake) over the 5 years 1990 through 1994. These depth profiles provided information on the depth-dependence of dissolved oxygen and pH, and allowed more extensive year-to-year comparisons than did the hourly records. Because measurements were made at each site only once during the sampling day, however, they did not capture the daily extremes in water quality. Lake level is measured daily by the USGS at three sites around the lake: Rocky Point, Rattlesnake Point, and near the city of Klamath Falls. These daily measurements are then used to compute a spatially weighted average of the lake level that is reported in the USGS annual Water-Data Report for Oregon. The average lake levels were used in this report. Two climatic datasets were used in this report; both were collected at the Klamath Falls airport. Air temperature was recorded as a daily maximum and daily minimum value. Cloud cover was quantized on a daily basis into one of seven levels. Because the focus of this study was primarily to examine possible relations between water quality and lake level, the lake level data provide an important context for the discussions that follow. Title: Relation between selected water-quality variables and lake level in Upper Klamath and Agency Lakes, Oregon Author: Wood, Tamara M. Year: 1996, 2005, 2004 Relation Between Selected Water-Quality Constituents and Lake Stage in Upper Klamath and Agency Lakes, Oregon By Tamara M. Wood, Gregory J. Fuhrer, and Jennifer L. Morace SUMMARY Upper Klamath Lake is a large (140 square-mile), shallow (mean depth about 8 ft) lake in south-central Oregon that the historical record indicates has been eutrophic since its discovery by non-Native Americans. In recent decades, however, the lake has had annual occurrences of near-monoculture blooms of the blue-green alga Aphanizomenon flos-aquae. In 1988 two sucker species endemic to the lake, the Lost River sucker (Deltistes luxatus) and the shortnose sucker (Chasmistes brevirostris), were listed as endangered by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and it has been proposed that the poor water quality conditions associated with extremely long and productive blooms are contributing to the decline of those species. It has also been proposed that the low lake levels made possible by the construction of a dam at the outlet from the lake in 1921 have contributed to worsening water quality through a variety of possible mechanisms (Jacob Kann, Klamath Tribes, written com-mun., 1995). One such mechanism would be an increase in internal phosphorus loading from resuspended sediments (Jacoby and others, 1982), resulting from an increase in bottom shear stresses at lower lake levels (Laenen and LeTourneau, 1996), leading in turn to more intense algal blooms. Another possible mechanism is an earlier triggering of algal blooms. When early spring lake levels are low, greater light intensity at the sediment surface might speed recruitment of algal cells from the sediments. Sediment recruitment has been shown to be an important contributor to water column biomass increases in A. flos aquae (Barbiero and Kann, 1994) and Gloeotrichia echinulata (Barbiero, 1993). An earlier bloom could result in poor water quality conditions occurring earlier in the year, when young-of-the-year fish may be more susceptible to those conditions. Lake level can also influence water quality directly. An increased frequency of sediment resuspension at lower lake levels could increase chemical and biological oxygen demand, resulting in decreased dissolved oxygen concentrations. Sediment oxygen demand also may be enhanced at lower lake levels because it is concentrated over a smaller volume of water. Some compensation for increased oxygen demand at lower lake levels might be provided by increased reaeration, if the water column mixes from top to bottom more frequently. Based on the analysis of data that they have been collecting for several years, the Klamath Tribes recently recommended that the Bureau of Reclamation (Reclamation) modify the operating plan for the dam to make the minimum lake levels for the June-August period more closely resemble pre-dam conditions (Jacob Kann, written commun., 1995). The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) was asked to analyze the available data for the lake and to assess whether the evidence exists to conclude that year-to-year differences in certain lake water-quality variables are related to year-to-year differences in lake level. The results of the analysis will be used as scientific input in the process of developing an operating plan for the Link River Dam. Datasets Two water-quality datasets were analyzed. The first was a series of hourly records of pH, dissolved oxygen, and water temperature, each of approximately a week's duration. The records were collected at 3 sites over 3 years, 1992 through 1994, with enough consistency to define the seasonal patterns. This dataset provided information about the diel extremes in dissolved oxygen and pH and the seasonal pattern in the diel cycle, but measurements were limited to a depth of 1 m(3.28 ft). The second dataset was a set of depth profiles of pH and dissolved oxygen and concurrent depth-integrated samples for nutrients and chlo-rophyll-a. The profiles were collected at approximately biweekly intervals at nine sites (seven in Upper Klamath and two in Agency Lake) over the 5 years 1990 through 1994. These depth profiles provided information on the depth-dependence of dissolved oxygen and pH, and allowed more extensive year-to-year comparisons than did the hourly records. Because measurements were made at each site only once during the sampling day, however, they did not capture the daily extremes in water quality. Lake level is measured daily by the USGS at three sites around the lake: Rocky Point, Rattlesnake Point, and near the city of Klamath Falls. These daily measurements are then used to compute a spatially weighted average of the lake level that is reported in the USGS annual Water-Data Report for Oregon. The average lake levels were used in this report. Two climatic datasets were used in this report; both were collected at the Klamath Falls airport. Air temperature was recorded as a daily maximum and daily minimum value. Cloud cover was quantized on a daily basis into one of seven levels. Because the focus of this study was primarily to examine possible relations between water quality and lake level, the lake level data provide an important context for the discussions that follow. Close