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• 201. [Article] 01 Brophy_Cornu_CICEET_FINAL_complete_30-Aug-2011.pdf

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: 01 Brophy_Cornu_CICEET_FINAL_complete_30-Aug-2011.pdf Author: Christy, John A., Adamus, Paul R., Brophy, Laura, Gray, Ayesha, MacClellan, Megan, Doumbia, Julie, Tully, Rebecca, Cornu, Craig, Huang, Lijuan Title: 01 Brophy_Cornu_CICEET_FINAL_complete_30-Aug-2011.pdf Author: Christy, John A., Adamus, Paul R., Brophy, Laura, Gray, Ayesha, MacClellan, Megan, Doumbia, Julie, Tully, Rebecca, Cornu, Craig, Huang, Lijuan Close

• 202. [Article] 02 Brophy-Cornu_UsersGuide_TSM_FINAL_30-Aug-2011.pdf

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: 02 Brophy-Cornu_UsersGuide_TSM_FINAL_30-Aug-2011.pdf Author: Christy, John A., Adamus, Paul R., Brophy, Laura, Gray, Ayesha, MacClellan, Megan, Huang, Lijuan, Tully, Rebecca, Doumbia, Julie, Cornu, Craig Title: 02 Brophy-Cornu_UsersGuide_TSM_FINAL_30-Aug-2011.pdf Author: Christy, John A., Adamus, Paul R., Brophy, Laura, Gray, Ayesha, MacClellan, Megan, Huang, Lijuan, Tully, Rebecca, Doumbia, Julie, Cornu, Craig Close

• 203. [Article] 03 Refence Site Location Maps.pdf

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: 03 Refence Site Location Maps.pdf Author: Christy, John A., Adamus, Paul R., Brophy, Laura, Gray, Ayesha, MacClellan, Megan, Huang, Lijuan, Tully, Rebecca, Doumbia, Julie, Cornu, Craig Title: 03 Refence Site Location Maps.pdf Author: Christy, John A., Adamus, Paul R., Brophy, Laura, Gray, Ayesha, MacClellan, Megan, Huang, Lijuan, Tully, Rebecca, Doumbia, Julie, Cornu, Craig Close

• 204. [Article] 04 Reference Marsh Characteristics.pdf

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: 04 Reference Marsh Characteristics.pdf Author: Christy, John A., Adamus, Paul R., Brophy, Laura, Gray, Ayesha, MacClellan, Megan, Huang, Lijuan, Tully, Rebecca, Doumbia, Julie, Cornu, Craig Title: 04 Reference Marsh Characteristics.pdf Author: Christy, John A., Adamus, Paul R., Brophy, Laura, Gray, Ayesha, MacClellan, Megan, Huang, Lijuan, Tully, Rebecca, Doumbia, Julie, Cornu, Craig Close

• 205. [Article] 05 Reference Conditons Database- All Parameters Summarized.pdf

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: 05 Reference Conditons Database- All Parameters Summarized.pdf Author: Christy, John A., Adamus, Paul R., Brophy, Laura, Gray, Ayesha, MacClellan, Megan, Doumbia, Julie, Tully, Rebecca, Cornu, Craig, Huang, Lijuan Title: 05 Reference Conditons Database- All Parameters Summarized.pdf Author: Christy, John A., Adamus, Paul R., Brophy, Laura, Gray, Ayesha, MacClellan, Megan, Doumbia, Julie, Tully, Rebecca, Cornu, Craig, Huang, Lijuan Close

• 206. [Article] 06 Reference Conditon Data- Vegetation and Soils.pdf

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: 06 Reference Conditon Data- Vegetation and Soils.pdf Author: Christy, John A., Adamus, Paul R., Brophy, Laura, Gray, Ayesha, MacClellan, Megan, Huang, Lijuan, Tully, Rebecca, Doumbia, Julie, Cornu, Craig Title: 06 Reference Conditon Data- Vegetation and Soils.pdf Author: Christy, John A., Adamus, Paul R., Brophy, Laura, Gray, Ayesha, MacClellan, Megan, Huang, Lijuan, Tully, Rebecca, Doumbia, Julie, Cornu, Craig Close

• 207. [Article] 07 Reference Conditon Data- Groundwater Level and Channel Water Salinity.pdf

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: 07 Reference Conditon Data- Groundwater Level and Channel Water Salinity.pdf Author: Christy, John A., Adamus, Paul R., Brophy, Laura, Gray, Ayesha, MacClellan, Megan, Huang, Lijuan, Tully, Rebecca, Doumbia, Julie, Cornu, Craig Title: 07 Reference Conditon Data- Groundwater Level and Channel Water Salinity.pdf Author: Christy, John A., Adamus, Paul R., Brophy, Laura, Gray, Ayesha, MacClellan, Megan, Huang, Lijuan, Tully, Rebecca, Doumbia, Julie, Cornu, Craig Close

• 208. [Article] 08 Reference Conditon Data- Site Tidal Datums.pdf

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: 08 Reference Conditon Data- Site Tidal Datums.pdf Author: Christy, John A., Adamus, Paul R., Brophy, Laura, Gray, Ayesha, MacClellan, Megan, Huang, Lijuan, Tully, Rebecca, Doumbia, Julie, Cornu, Craig Title: 08 Reference Conditon Data- Site Tidal Datums.pdf Author: Christy, John A., Adamus, Paul R., Brophy, Laura, Gray, Ayesha, MacClellan, Megan, Huang, Lijuan, Tully, Rebecca, Doumbia, Julie, Cornu, Craig Close

• 209. [Article] Conservation of Sidalcea nelsoniana through habitat management : effects of burning, mowing, and altered flooding regime on a rare Willamette Valley perennial

  Active habitat management plays a key role in the preservation of native ecosystems and rare species, especially in the Willamette Valley of Oregon, where natural succession to woodlands threatens the ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Conservation of Sidalcea nelsoniana through habitat management : effects of burning, mowing, and altered flooding regime on a rare Willamette Valley perennial Author: Bartels, Marilynn R. Active habitat management plays a key role in the preservation of native ecosystems and rare species, especially in the Willamette Valley of Oregon, where natural succession to woodlands threatens the few wetland prairies remaining after 150 years of agriculture and urbanization. Sidalcea nelsoniana, listed as threatened under the federal Endangered Species Act, is native to these wetland prairies. The studies described here provide basic information about the habitat requirements and tolerances of S. nelsoniana while testing for the first time the impact of specific management techniques on its growth and reproduction. The effects of prescribed burning and mowing on S. nelsoniana and its habitat were investigated in a field population at W.L. Finley National Wildlife Refuge near Corvallis, Oregon. Measurements of S. nelsoniana and aspects of the surrounding vegetation were recorded during the summer of 1998 within 112 permanent S. nelsoniana-centered quadrats. Burning and mowing treatments were applied in the fall of 1998 and the same measurements of S. nelsoniana and the surrounding vegetation were recorded during the summer of 1999. Treatments had no direct effects on S. nelsoniana performance, but burning and mowing reduced canopy cover, a primary goal of prairie maintenance and restoration. Because perennials often respond slowly to changes in habitat, effects of these manipulations may be more evident in future years. Wetland species may also be sensitive to site hydrology, so maintaining the proper water regime is another important component of wetland prairie management and restoration. A second experimental study evaluated the flooding tolerance of S. nelsoniana. Rhizome fragments were transplanted into pots exposed to four flooding conditions: drained soil, saturated soil with no standing water, standing water from mid-November through mid-April and standing water from mid-November through mid-June. Plants with drained soil died as the spring rains declined, and plants flooded past April died by mid-June. Plants in saturated soils and those flooded until mid-April were most successful. These two treatments most closely match conditions found in Willamette Valley wetland prairies, including S. nelsoniana sites, and suggest that the current distribution of S. nelsoniana approximately matches its hydrologic requirements. Management plans to flood a S. nelsoniana site beyond mid-April might harm this protected species. Title: Conservation of Sidalcea nelsoniana through habitat management : effects of burning, mowing, and altered flooding regime on a rare Willamette Valley perennial Author: Bartels, Marilynn R. Active habitat management plays a key role in the preservation of native ecosystems and rare species, especially in the Willamette Valley of Oregon, where natural succession to woodlands threatens the few wetland prairies remaining after 150 years of agriculture and urbanization. Sidalcea nelsoniana, listed as threatened under the federal Endangered Species Act, is native to these wetland prairies. The studies described here provide basic information about the habitat requirements and tolerances of S. nelsoniana while testing for the first time the impact of specific management techniques on its growth and reproduction. The effects of prescribed burning and mowing on S. nelsoniana and its habitat were investigated in a field population at W.L. Finley National Wildlife Refuge near Corvallis, Oregon. Measurements of S. nelsoniana and aspects of the surrounding vegetation were recorded during the summer of 1998 within 112 permanent S. nelsoniana-centered quadrats. Burning and mowing treatments were applied in the fall of 1998 and the same measurements of S. nelsoniana and the surrounding vegetation were recorded during the summer of 1999. Treatments had no direct effects on S. nelsoniana performance, but burning and mowing reduced canopy cover, a primary goal of prairie maintenance and restoration. Because perennials often respond slowly to changes in habitat, effects of these manipulations may be more evident in future years. Wetland species may also be sensitive to site hydrology, so maintaining the proper water regime is another important component of wetland prairie management and restoration. A second experimental study evaluated the flooding tolerance of S. nelsoniana. Rhizome fragments were transplanted into pots exposed to four flooding conditions: drained soil, saturated soil with no standing water, standing water from mid-November through mid-April and standing water from mid-November through mid-June. Plants with drained soil died as the spring rains declined, and plants flooded past April died by mid-June. Plants in saturated soils and those flooded until mid-April were most successful. These two treatments most closely match conditions found in Willamette Valley wetland prairies, including S. nelsoniana sites, and suggest that the current distribution of S. nelsoniana approximately matches its hydrologic requirements. Management plans to flood a S. nelsoniana site beyond mid-April might harm this protected species. Close

• 210. [Article] Invasive bullfrog use of novel ephemeral habitats in the Pacific Northwest

  Invasive species are a major threat to global biodiversity. Understanding the mechanisms underlying successful invasions is imperative for developing effective management strategies. Plasticity in physiological, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Invasive bullfrog use of novel ephemeral habitats in the Pacific Northwest Author: Cook, Megan Tetsuko Invasive species are a major threat to global biodiversity. Understanding the mechanisms underlying successful invasions is imperative for developing effective management strategies. Plasticity in physiological, morphological, and behavioral traits could be an indicator of invasion potential in non-native species. The invasive American bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeianus) has recently been observed breeding in ephemeral wetlands in the Willamette Valley, OR, which represents a shift from typical breeding sites in its native range. We hypothesized that plasticity in larval growth and development rates in response to ephemeral hydroperiod conditions has facilitated invasion into this novel habitat. In addition, we hypothesized that invasive bullfrogs would respond with plastic changes in behavior to a novel predator in ephemeral wetlands, the larval long-toed salamander (Ambystoma macrodactylum). First, we tested physiological plasticity in invasive bullfrog larvae with a 6 x 3 factorial mesocosm experiment. We quantified growth and development rates of 6 bullfrog clutches in response to 3 hydroperiod treatments. We found no differences due to hydroperiod treatments, but we found significant differences in growth between clutches. Clutch differences in growth could lead to population-level differences in the ability to invade ephemeral wetlands. We also tested behavioral plasticity in larval bullfrog response to A. macrodactylum chemical cues. We hypothesized that bullfrogs would reduce activity levels in response to predator chemical cues but we found no differences in activity or spatial orientation due to predator treatment. Instead, we found that bullfrog activity and spatial orientation were positively associated with bullfrog size. This indicates bullfrog larvae do not recognize predatory chemical cues from A. macrodactylum. Together, these results indicate that bullfrog populations will vary significantly in their invasion success into ephemeral wetlands. Further study of local variation in growth and development rates and site fidelity to ephemeral wetlands is needed to determine threats to ephemeral wetlands by bullfrog invasion. Title: Invasive bullfrog use of novel ephemeral habitats in the Pacific Northwest Author: Cook, Megan Tetsuko Invasive species are a major threat to global biodiversity. Understanding the mechanisms underlying successful invasions is imperative for developing effective management strategies. Plasticity in physiological, morphological, and behavioral traits could be an indicator of invasion potential in non-native species. The invasive American bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeianus) has recently been observed breeding in ephemeral wetlands in the Willamette Valley, OR, which represents a shift from typical breeding sites in its native range. We hypothesized that plasticity in larval growth and development rates in response to ephemeral hydroperiod conditions has facilitated invasion into this novel habitat. In addition, we hypothesized that invasive bullfrogs would respond with plastic changes in behavior to a novel predator in ephemeral wetlands, the larval long-toed salamander (Ambystoma macrodactylum). First, we tested physiological plasticity in invasive bullfrog larvae with a 6 x 3 factorial mesocosm experiment. We quantified growth and development rates of 6 bullfrog clutches in response to 3 hydroperiod treatments. We found no differences due to hydroperiod treatments, but we found significant differences in growth between clutches. Clutch differences in growth could lead to population-level differences in the ability to invade ephemeral wetlands. We also tested behavioral plasticity in larval bullfrog response to A. macrodactylum chemical cues. We hypothesized that bullfrogs would reduce activity levels in response to predator chemical cues but we found no differences in activity or spatial orientation due to predator treatment. Instead, we found that bullfrog activity and spatial orientation were positively associated with bullfrog size. This indicates bullfrog larvae do not recognize predatory chemical cues from A. macrodactylum. Together, these results indicate that bullfrog populations will vary significantly in their invasion success into ephemeral wetlands. Further study of local variation in growth and development rates and site fidelity to ephemeral wetlands is needed to determine threats to ephemeral wetlands by bullfrog invasion. Close

• 211. [Article] Impacts of instream flows on the Colorado River Delta, Mexico : spatial vegetation change analysis and opportunities for restoration

  Until the 1930s, flows of the Colorado River maintained approximately 781,060 hectares of wetlands in its delta. These wetlands provided important feeding and nesting grounds for resident and migratory ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Impacts of instream flows on the Colorado River Delta, Mexico : spatial vegetation change analysis and opportunities for restoration Author: Zamora-Arroyo, Jose Francisco Until the 1930s, flows of the Colorado River maintained approximately 781,060 hectares of wetlands in its delta. These wetlands provided important feeding and nesting grounds for resident and migratory birds as well as spawning and protection habitat for many fish and other invertebrate species. However, the Delta's wetlands started to disappear as water was used for agricultural and urban uses in the United States and Mexico. The 1944 United States-Mexico water treaty, which allocates 1.8 million m³/year to Mexico, did not define a minimum flow to maintain the Delta's ecosystems. The resulting degraded Delta lead to the perception in the 1980s that the Delta was a dead ecosystem. This study investigates whether this "dead Delta" perception is valid. Its central hypothesis is that regenerated vegetation in riparian and flood plain zones is associated with surplus river flows during the 1990s. A vegetation analysis, using satellite imagery and field methods, shows that native trees have regenerated during the last 20 years, and now account for 23% of vegetation in a 100 km, non-perennial, stretch of river below the United States-Mexico border. A spatial trend analysis using multi-temporal data on percent vegetation cover indicates that there are 6,320 hectares that show a significant increasing trend (p-value<0.05) in vegetation cover, with the Delta's riparian zone having at least 18% of its area showing this trend. The study estimates that once in four years February to April flow of 300 million m³ (at 80-120 m³/s) is sufficient to germinate and establish new cohorts of native trees, and highlights the need for smaller but more periodic flows in order to maintain wetland areas. It is concluded that there is clear evidence of the resilience of the Delta's ecosystems and that the "dead Delta" perception is no longer valid. There exist critical habitat in the Delta that needs to be protected, while there also exist short and long term opportunities to ecologically enhance and expand current habitat. Hydrological and ecological studies are needed to estimate specific water requirements for these areas in order to efficiently target them for immediate and long term conservation actions. Title: Impacts of instream flows on the Colorado River Delta, Mexico : spatial vegetation change analysis and opportunities for restoration Author: Zamora-Arroyo, Jose Francisco Until the 1930s, flows of the Colorado River maintained approximately 781,060 hectares of wetlands in its delta. These wetlands provided important feeding and nesting grounds for resident and migratory birds as well as spawning and protection habitat for many fish and other invertebrate species. However, the Delta's wetlands started to disappear as water was used for agricultural and urban uses in the United States and Mexico. The 1944 United States-Mexico water treaty, which allocates 1.8 million m³/year to Mexico, did not define a minimum flow to maintain the Delta's ecosystems. The resulting degraded Delta lead to the perception in the 1980s that the Delta was a dead ecosystem. This study investigates whether this "dead Delta" perception is valid. Its central hypothesis is that regenerated vegetation in riparian and flood plain zones is associated with surplus river flows during the 1990s. A vegetation analysis, using satellite imagery and field methods, shows that native trees have regenerated during the last 20 years, and now account for 23% of vegetation in a 100 km, non-perennial, stretch of river below the United States-Mexico border. A spatial trend analysis using multi-temporal data on percent vegetation cover indicates that there are 6,320 hectares that show a significant increasing trend (p-value<0.05) in vegetation cover, with the Delta's riparian zone having at least 18% of its area showing this trend. The study estimates that once in four years February to April flow of 300 million m³ (at 80-120 m³/s) is sufficient to germinate and establish new cohorts of native trees, and highlights the need for smaller but more periodic flows in order to maintain wetland areas. It is concluded that there is clear evidence of the resilience of the Delta's ecosystems and that the "dead Delta" perception is no longer valid. There exist critical habitat in the Delta that needs to be protected, while there also exist short and long term opportunities to ecologically enhance and expand current habitat. Hydrological and ecological studies are needed to estimate specific water requirements for these areas in order to efficiently target them for immediate and long term conservation actions. Close

• 212. [Article] Scappoose Bay Watershed Assessment

  Abstract -- The Scappoose Bay Watershed Assessment focuses on habitat conditions for salmonids (salmon, steelhead and trout) in the watershed. The report follows the guidelines of the Oregon Watershed ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Scappoose Bay Watershed Assessment Abstract -- The Scappoose Bay Watershed Assessment focuses on habitat conditions for salmonids (salmon, steelhead and trout) in the watershed. The report follows the guidelines of the Oregon Watershed Enhancement Manual (WPN 1999). The Scappoose Bay Watershed Assessment presents the existing baseline information on watershed conditions (based on available reports and data) and oral history interviews. A Geographic Information System (GIS) was built to display, analyze and store much of the data. Habitat factors for the decline of salmonids are compared, and major protection and restoration opportunities are identified and prioritized. This Phase I assessment does not generally provide the detailed field reconnaissance and comprehensive field studies that are necessary for proceeding with specific protection and restoration projects. Rather, this assessment lays out the groundwork for a second phase of assessment that bridges the gap between identifying major areas for action and conducting specific projects. Topics included are preliminary analysis of existing data, GIS base map and baseline information, historical habitat conditions, channel habitat typing, fisheries resource and habitat assessment, channel modifications, sediment sources, riparian and wetland conditions, water quality, water use and hydrology, refugia, watershed condition, data gaps, significant legal and public issues, prioritized preservation and restoration, opportunities, and GIS metadata. Title: Scappoose Bay Watershed Assessment Abstract -- The Scappoose Bay Watershed Assessment focuses on habitat conditions for salmonids (salmon, steelhead and trout) in the watershed. The report follows the guidelines of the Oregon Watershed Enhancement Manual (WPN 1999). The Scappoose Bay Watershed Assessment presents the existing baseline information on watershed conditions (based on available reports and data) and oral history interviews. A Geographic Information System (GIS) was built to display, analyze and store much of the data. Habitat factors for the decline of salmonids are compared, and major protection and restoration opportunities are identified and prioritized. This Phase I assessment does not generally provide the detailed field reconnaissance and comprehensive field studies that are necessary for proceeding with specific protection and restoration projects. Rather, this assessment lays out the groundwork for a second phase of assessment that bridges the gap between identifying major areas for action and conducting specific projects. Topics included are preliminary analysis of existing data, GIS base map and baseline information, historical habitat conditions, channel habitat typing, fisheries resource and habitat assessment, channel modifications, sediment sources, riparian and wetland conditions, water quality, water use and hydrology, refugia, watershed condition, data gaps, significant legal and public issues, prioritized preservation and restoration, opportunities, and GIS metadata. Close

• 213. [Article] Chehalem Watershed Assessment

  Abstract -- The Chehalem watershed assessment is a publication of the Yamhill Basin Council (YBC) and is a reference tool for landowners, watershed residents, and council members. It contains factual and ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Chehalem Watershed Assessment Abstract -- The Chehalem watershed assessment is a publication of the Yamhill Basin Council (YBC) and is a reference tool for landowners, watershed residents, and council members. It contains factual and interpretive information about the condition of the watershed, both past and present. This document is a snapshot, of sorts, but it’s also tied to an ongoing process of community-based land use planning; the information contained will need to be updated as needs and objectives evolve. The assessment includes the topics of a Watershed Overview, Historical Conditions, Channel Habitat Types, Vegetation, Riparian and Wetland Conditions, Channel Modifications, Sediments, Hydrology and Water Use, Water Quality, Fish Habitats and Barriers, Restoration and Enhancement Projects, and a Watershed Conditions Summary. Title: Chehalem Watershed Assessment Abstract -- The Chehalem watershed assessment is a publication of the Yamhill Basin Council (YBC) and is a reference tool for landowners, watershed residents, and council members. It contains factual and interpretive information about the condition of the watershed, both past and present. This document is a snapshot, of sorts, but it’s also tied to an ongoing process of community-based land use planning; the information contained will need to be updated as needs and objectives evolve. The assessment includes the topics of a Watershed Overview, Historical Conditions, Channel Habitat Types, Vegetation, Riparian and Wetland Conditions, Channel Modifications, Sediments, Hydrology and Water Use, Water Quality, Fish Habitats and Barriers, Restoration and Enhancement Projects, and a Watershed Conditions Summary. Close

• 214. [Article] Lower Yamhill Watershed Assessment

  Abstract -- The Lower Yamhill River watershed assessment is a publication of the Yamhill Basin Council (YBC) and is a reference tool for landowners, watershed residents, and council members. It contains ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Lower Yamhill Watershed Assessment Abstract -- The Lower Yamhill River watershed assessment is a publication of the Yamhill Basin Council (YBC) and is a reference tool for landowners, watershed residents, and council members. It contains factual and interpretive information about the condition of the watershed, both past and present. This document is a snapshot, of sorts, but it’s also tied to an ongoing process of community-based land use planning; the information contained will need to be updated as our needs and objectives evolve. The assessment includes the topics of a Watershed Overview, Historical Conditions, Channel Habitat Types, Vegetation, Riparian and Wetland Conditions, Channel Modifications, Sediments, Hydrology and Water Use, Water Quality, Fish Habitat and barriers, Restoration and Enhancement Projects, and a Watershed Conditions Summary. Title: Lower Yamhill Watershed Assessment Abstract -- The Lower Yamhill River watershed assessment is a publication of the Yamhill Basin Council (YBC) and is a reference tool for landowners, watershed residents, and council members. It contains factual and interpretive information about the condition of the watershed, both past and present. This document is a snapshot, of sorts, but it’s also tied to an ongoing process of community-based land use planning; the information contained will need to be updated as our needs and objectives evolve. The assessment includes the topics of a Watershed Overview, Historical Conditions, Channel Habitat Types, Vegetation, Riparian and Wetland Conditions, Channel Modifications, Sediments, Hydrology and Water Use, Water Quality, Fish Habitat and barriers, Restoration and Enhancement Projects, and a Watershed Conditions Summary. Close

• 215. [Article] Lower South Yamhill-Deer Creek Watershed Assessment

  Abstract -- The Lower S. Yamhill-Deer Creek watershed assessment was prepared for the Yamhill Basin Council (YBC), watershed residents, and landowners. It contains technical and educational information ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Lower South Yamhill-Deer Creek Watershed Assessment Abstract -- The Lower S. Yamhill-Deer Creek watershed assessment was prepared for the Yamhill Basin Council (YBC), watershed residents, and landowners. It contains technical and educational information about the past and current watershed conditions. The assessment includes the topics of a Watershed Overview, Historical Conditions, Channel Habitat Types, Vegetation, Riparian and Wetland Conditions, Channel Modifications, Sediments, Hydrology and Water Use, Water Quality, Fish Species: Habitat, History and Barriers, Restoration and Enhancement Projects, and a Watershed Conditions Summary. Title: Lower South Yamhill-Deer Creek Watershed Assessment Abstract -- The Lower S. Yamhill-Deer Creek watershed assessment was prepared for the Yamhill Basin Council (YBC), watershed residents, and landowners. It contains technical and educational information about the past and current watershed conditions. The assessment includes the topics of a Watershed Overview, Historical Conditions, Channel Habitat Types, Vegetation, Riparian and Wetland Conditions, Channel Modifications, Sediments, Hydrology and Water Use, Water Quality, Fish Species: Habitat, History and Barriers, Restoration and Enhancement Projects, and a Watershed Conditions Summary. Close

• 216. [Article] North Yamhill Watershed Assessment, 2001

  Abstract -- This assessment contains the following chapters: introduction and watershed overview; historical conditions; channel habitat types; vegetation; riparian and wetland conditions; channel modifications; ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: North Yamhill Watershed Assessment, 2001 Abstract -- This assessment contains the following chapters: introduction and watershed overview; historical conditions; channel habitat types; vegetation; riparian and wetland conditions; channel modifications; sediments; hydrology and water use; water quality; fish species, habitat, history and barriers; restoration and enhancement projects; and watershed conditions summary. References are given at the end of each chapter. 125 pp. Title: North Yamhill Watershed Assessment, 2001 Abstract -- This assessment contains the following chapters: introduction and watershed overview; historical conditions; channel habitat types; vegetation; riparian and wetland conditions; channel modifications; sediments; hydrology and water use; water quality; fish species, habitat, history and barriers; restoration and enhancement projects; and watershed conditions summary. References are given at the end of each chapter. 125 pp. Close

• 217. [Article] Lower Coast Fork Willamette River Watershed Assessment

  Abstract -- This watershed assessment of the lower Coast Fork Willamette (from the confluence with the Row River downstream to the confluence with the Middle Fork Willamette River) includes chapters on ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Lower Coast Fork Willamette River Watershed Assessment Abstract -- This watershed assessment of the lower Coast Fork Willamette (from the confluence with the Row River downstream to the confluence with the Middle Fork Willamette River) includes chapters on land ownership; history and geology; hydrology and water use; channel habitat types; riparian zone conditions; wetland types, distribution and functions; sediment sources; water quality; stream channel modifications; fish populations and habitat; references; and numerous tables and charts. Existing information was supplemented by a Council-sponsored stream habitat inventory in some areas. The associated maps are in a separate pdf file. 87 pp. Title: Lower Coast Fork Willamette River Watershed Assessment Abstract -- This watershed assessment of the lower Coast Fork Willamette (from the confluence with the Row River downstream to the confluence with the Middle Fork Willamette River) includes chapters on land ownership; history and geology; hydrology and water use; channel habitat types; riparian zone conditions; wetland types, distribution and functions; sediment sources; water quality; stream channel modifications; fish populations and habitat; references; and numerous tables and charts. Existing information was supplemented by a Council-sponsored stream habitat inventory in some areas. The associated maps are in a separate pdf file. 87 pp. Close

• 218. [Article] Bakeoven (Deschutes) Watershed Assessment, 2005

  Abstract -- The headwaters of the Bakeoven Watershed are located in the Shaniko area in southern Wasco County, east of the Deschutes River at elevations just above 3,200 feet. Bakeoven Creek flows to the ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Bakeoven (Deschutes) Watershed Assessment, 2005 Abstract -- The headwaters of the Bakeoven Watershed are located in the Shaniko area in southern Wasco County, east of the Deschutes River at elevations just above 3,200 feet. Bakeoven Creek flows to the Deschutes River at Maupin City Park. Chapters include historic conditions, stream channels, fish and fish habitat, hydrology, riparian conditions, wetlands, road network, water quality, wildlife and wildlife habitat, economic impacts of conservation, summary of issues and recommendations, Bakeoven Action Plan, watershed council goals and objectives, glossary, and references. Numerous tables, figures, and maps summarize data collections. 97 pp. Title: Bakeoven (Deschutes) Watershed Assessment, 2005 Abstract -- The headwaters of the Bakeoven Watershed are located in the Shaniko area in southern Wasco County, east of the Deschutes River at elevations just above 3,200 feet. Bakeoven Creek flows to the Deschutes River at Maupin City Park. Chapters include historic conditions, stream channels, fish and fish habitat, hydrology, riparian conditions, wetlands, road network, water quality, wildlife and wildlife habitat, economic impacts of conservation, summary of issues and recommendations, Bakeoven Action Plan, watershed council goals and objectives, glossary, and references. Numerous tables, figures, and maps summarize data collections. 97 pp. Close

• 219. [Article] Controlling woody vegetation in wetland prairies, 1994-1999

  Wetland prairies of the Willamette Valley, among the rarest of Oregon’s ecosystems, are threatened by invasion of woody species and non-native pest species. Because fire has been important in maintaining ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Controlling woody vegetation in wetland prairies, 1994-1999 Author: Wilson, Mark V., Clark, Deborah Louise, 1950- Wetland prairies of the Willamette Valley, among the rarest of Oregon’s ecosystems, are threatened by invasion of woody species and non-native pest species. Because fire has been important in maintaining Willamette Valley prairies for at least 1000 years, prescribed burning is a top choice of managers for preventing encroachment of woody species. However, the effects of prescribed burning on present day wetland prairie communities, with their mix of native and non-native species, are not clear. Moreover, because strict governmental requirements for smoke management hinder prescribed burning, natural-area managers are considering alternatives to fire, like mowing and hand removal of woody plants. The present study explored the ecological interactions of a wetland prairie by experimentally testing the responses of burning, hand-removal of woody species, and mowing with removal of cut material on woody plants and key native and non-native grasses and forbs. We evaluated these perturbations for their effectiveness in meeting management objectives of reducing abundance of woody species, reducing or preventing an increase in abundance of nonnative pest species, and increasing or at least maintaining native species’ abundance. After three treatments periods (1994, 1996, and 1998) the following patterns emerged: • Woody species Burning and hand-removal consistently caused the greatest reduction in cover of woody species. Mowing with removal of cut material did not reduce the abundance of woody species compared to the control. As woody plant cover decreased, plant mortality increased, indicating that treatments influenced woody plant cover at least partially through changes in survival. • Native herbaceous species All management treatments consistently failed to significantly increase the cover of Deschampsia cespitosa, while burning decreased the number of inflorescences. As a group, native graminoid flowering consistently showed no significant responses to the management treatments. Although burning and hand-removal significantly increased the cover of native forbs as group after the second treatment period in 1997, native forbs showed no significant responses to treatments in 1999. • Non-native herbaceous species Response of non-native forb cover to management treatments has been inconsistent during the five year study period with no significant differences in 1995, significant reductions by burning and hand-removal in 1997, and increases with mowing in 1997. Mowing consistently increased flowering of nonnative graminoids as a group. Overall no treatment was clearly superior in fulfilling restoration objectives. Burning was effective in reducing woody cover and did not promote non-native herbaceous, but it reduced the flowering the dominant native grass, Deschampsia cespitosa. Hand-removal woody species was also effective at reducing woody cover and sometimes promoted the abundance of some native species at different times, but it also at times promoted non-native herbaceous species. Because mowing with removal of cut material was ineffective in reducing woody cover and tended to promote non-native herbaceous species, this treatment is not a recommended management strategy. Title: Controlling woody vegetation in wetland prairies, 1994-1999 Author: Wilson, Mark V., Clark, Deborah Louise, 1950- Wetland prairies of the Willamette Valley, among the rarest of Oregon’s ecosystems, are threatened by invasion of woody species and non-native pest species. Because fire has been important in maintaining Willamette Valley prairies for at least 1000 years, prescribed burning is a top choice of managers for preventing encroachment of woody species. However, the effects of prescribed burning on present day wetland prairie communities, with their mix of native and non-native species, are not clear. Moreover, because strict governmental requirements for smoke management hinder prescribed burning, natural-area managers are considering alternatives to fire, like mowing and hand removal of woody plants. The present study explored the ecological interactions of a wetland prairie by experimentally testing the responses of burning, hand-removal of woody species, and mowing with removal of cut material on woody plants and key native and non-native grasses and forbs. We evaluated these perturbations for their effectiveness in meeting management objectives of reducing abundance of woody species, reducing or preventing an increase in abundance of nonnative pest species, and increasing or at least maintaining native species’ abundance. After three treatments periods (1994, 1996, and 1998) the following patterns emerged: • Woody species Burning and hand-removal consistently caused the greatest reduction in cover of woody species. Mowing with removal of cut material did not reduce the abundance of woody species compared to the control. As woody plant cover decreased, plant mortality increased, indicating that treatments influenced woody plant cover at least partially through changes in survival. • Native herbaceous species All management treatments consistently failed to significantly increase the cover of Deschampsia cespitosa, while burning decreased the number of inflorescences. As a group, native graminoid flowering consistently showed no significant responses to the management treatments. Although burning and hand-removal significantly increased the cover of native forbs as group after the second treatment period in 1997, native forbs showed no significant responses to treatments in 1999. • Non-native herbaceous species Response of non-native forb cover to management treatments has been inconsistent during the five year study period with no significant differences in 1995, significant reductions by burning and hand-removal in 1997, and increases with mowing in 1997. Mowing consistently increased flowering of nonnative graminoids as a group. Overall no treatment was clearly superior in fulfilling restoration objectives. Burning was effective in reducing woody cover and did not promote non-native herbaceous, but it reduced the flowering the dominant native grass, Deschampsia cespitosa. Hand-removal woody species was also effective at reducing woody cover and sometimes promoted the abundance of some native species at different times, but it also at times promoted non-native herbaceous species. Because mowing with removal of cut material was ineffective in reducing woody cover and tended to promote non-native herbaceous species, this treatment is not a recommended management strategy. Close

• 220. [Article] Vector Control Data Package

  Abstract -- This ESRI geodatabase includes four datasets that comprise the ODFW Vector Control Data Package. Available here as a single download, the data package includes the following layers: Oregon ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Vector Control Data Package Abstract -- This ESRI geodatabase includes four datasets that comprise the ODFW Vector Control Data Package. Available here as a single download, the data package includes the following layers: Oregon Vector Control District Boundaries; Vector Control - Unique, Rare and Vulnerable Habitats; Vector Control - Wetlands of Concern; and Vector Control - Wildlife Areas and Refuges. Individual data layers, and their associated metadata can be accessed using the following links, and are also available therein as GIS shapefiles: Oregon Vector Control District Boundaries / https://nrimp.dfw.state.or.us/DataClearinghouse/default.aspx?p=202&XMLname=1112.xml; Vector Control - Unique, Rare and Vulnerable Habitats / https://nrimp.dfw.state.or.us/DataClearinghouse/default.aspx?p=202&XMLname=1113.xml; Vector Control - Wetlands of Concern / https://nrimp.dfw.state.or.us/DataClearinghouse/default.aspx?p=202&XMLname=1114.xml; Vector Control - Wildlife Areas and Refuges / https://nrimp.dfw.state.or.us/DataClearinghouse/default.aspx?p=202&XMLname=1115.xml Title: Vector Control Data Package Abstract -- This ESRI geodatabase includes four datasets that comprise the ODFW Vector Control Data Package. Available here as a single download, the data package includes the following layers: Oregon Vector Control District Boundaries; Vector Control - Unique, Rare and Vulnerable Habitats; Vector Control - Wetlands of Concern; and Vector Control - Wildlife Areas and Refuges. Individual data layers, and their associated metadata can be accessed using the following links, and are also available therein as GIS shapefiles: Oregon Vector Control District Boundaries / https://nrimp.dfw.state.or.us/DataClearinghouse/default.aspx?p=202&XMLname=1112.xml; Vector Control - Unique, Rare and Vulnerable Habitats / https://nrimp.dfw.state.or.us/DataClearinghouse/default.aspx?p=202&XMLname=1113.xml; Vector Control - Wetlands of Concern / https://nrimp.dfw.state.or.us/DataClearinghouse/default.aspx?p=202&XMLname=1114.xml; Vector Control - Wildlife Areas and Refuges / https://nrimp.dfw.state.or.us/DataClearinghouse/default.aspx?p=202&XMLname=1115.xml Close

• 221. [Article] Biomass harvest of invasive Typha promotes plant diversity in a Great Lakes coastal wetland

  This is an author's peer-reviewed final manuscript, as accepted by the publisher. The published article is copyrighted by the Society for Ecological Restoration and published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Biomass harvest of invasive Typha promotes plant diversity in a Great Lakes coastal wetland Author: Lishawa, Shane C., Tuchman, Nancy C., Lawrence, Beth A., Albert, Dennis A. This is an author's peer-reviewed final manuscript, as accepted by the publisher. The published article is copyrighted by the Society for Ecological Restoration and published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. It can be found at: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/%28ISSN%291526-100X Title: Biomass harvest of invasive Typha promotes plant diversity in a Great Lakes coastal wetland Author: Lishawa, Shane C., Tuchman, Nancy C., Lawrence, Beth A., Albert, Dennis A. This is an author's peer-reviewed final manuscript, as accepted by the publisher. The published article is copyrighted by the Society for Ecological Restoration and published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. It can be found at: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/%28ISSN%291526-100X Close

• 222. [Image] Biological assessment of Klamath Project's continuing operations on the endangered Lost River sucker and shortnose sucker

  	BIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF KLAMATH PROJECT'S CONTINUING OPERATIONS ON THE ENDANGERED LOST RIVER SUCKER AND SHORTNOSE SUCKER U.S. Bureau of Reclamation Mid-Pacific Region Klamath Basin Area Office Klamath ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Biological assessment of Klamath Project's continuing operations on the endangered Lost River sucker and shortnose sucker Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation Year: 2001, 2005 BIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF KLAMATH PROJECT'S CONTINUING OPERATIONS ON THE ENDANGERED LOST RIVER SUCKER AND SHORTNOSE SUCKER U.S. Bureau of Reclamation Mid-Pacific Region Klamath Basin Area Office Klamath Falls, Oregon February 13,2001 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 INTRODUCTION 2 2.0 DESCRIPTION OF THE ACTION 3 3.0 DESCRIPTION OF HISTORIC OPERATIONS 6 4.0 ENDANGERED SPECIES POTENTIALLY AFFECTED BY THE KLAMATH PROJECT 16 5.0 ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE 60 6.0 EFFECTS OF KLAMATH PROJECT ON BALD EAGLES 60 7.0 EFFECTS OF KLAMATH PROJECT ENDANGERED SUCKERS 63 8.0 PROPOSED CRITICAL HABITAT FOR ENDANGERED SUCKERS 82 9.0 CUMULATIVE EFFECTS 84 10.0 DETERMINATION OF EFFECTS 89 11.0 LITERATURE CITED 90 12.0 PERSONAL COMMUNICATIONS 100 13.0 APPENDIX 1 - ESA CONSULTATION REVIEW 101 Title: Biological assessment of Klamath Project's continuing operations on the endangered Lost River sucker and shortnose sucker Author: United States. Bureau of Reclamation Year: 2001, 2005 BIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF KLAMATH PROJECT'S CONTINUING OPERATIONS ON THE ENDANGERED LOST RIVER SUCKER AND SHORTNOSE SUCKER U.S. Bureau of Reclamation Mid-Pacific Region Klamath Basin Area Office Klamath Falls, Oregon February 13,2001 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 INTRODUCTION 2 2.0 DESCRIPTION OF THE ACTION 3 3.0 DESCRIPTION OF HISTORIC OPERATIONS 6 4.0 ENDANGERED SPECIES POTENTIALLY AFFECTED BY THE KLAMATH PROJECT 16 5.0 ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE 60 6.0 EFFECTS OF KLAMATH PROJECT ON BALD EAGLES 60 7.0 EFFECTS OF KLAMATH PROJECT ENDANGERED SUCKERS 63 8.0 PROPOSED CRITICAL HABITAT FOR ENDANGERED SUCKERS 82 9.0 CUMULATIVE EFFECTS 84 10.0 DETERMINATION OF EFFECTS 89 11.0 LITERATURE CITED 90 12.0 PERSONAL COMMUNICATIONS 100 13.0 APPENDIX 1 - ESA CONSULTATION REVIEW 101 Close

• 223. [Article] Olalla/Lookingglass Watershed Assessment and Acton Plan

  Abstract -- The assessment includes information on past conditions, current conditions of stream function, Riparian zones and wetlands, water quality/quantity, fish populations, stakeholder/landowner perspectives, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Olalla/Lookingglass Watershed Assessment and Acton Plan Abstract -- The assessment includes information on past conditions, current conditions of stream function, Riparian zones and wetlands, water quality/quantity, fish populations, stakeholder/landowner perspectives, and an action plan. Title: Olalla/Lookingglass Watershed Assessment and Acton Plan Abstract -- The assessment includes information on past conditions, current conditions of stream function, Riparian zones and wetlands, water quality/quantity, fish populations, stakeholder/landowner perspectives, and an action plan. Close

• 224. [Article] Estuarine Wetland Fish Monitoring Project Report 2001-2003

  Abstract -- The report contains: A description of project including background on the problem which generated the project, a list of participants/volunteers, materials and methods used, shown/expected ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Estuarine Wetland Fish Monitoring Project Report 2001-2003 Abstract -- The report contains: A description of project including background on the problem which generated the project, a list of participants/volunteers, materials and methods used, shown/expected results, and other helpful information in evaluation of the project. Title: Estuarine Wetland Fish Monitoring Project Report 2001-2003 Abstract -- The report contains: A description of project including background on the problem which generated the project, a list of participants/volunteers, materials and methods used, shown/expected results, and other helpful information in evaluation of the project. Close

• 225. [Article] Kilchis Watershed Analysis 1998

  Abstract -- This exhaustive report analyzes the Kilchis River watershed, one of five river systems that enter Tillamook Bay, and includes these sections: watershed characteristics, land use, hydrology, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Kilchis Watershed Analysis 1998 Abstract -- This exhaustive report analyzes the Kilchis River watershed, one of five river systems that enter Tillamook Bay, and includes these sections: watershed characteristics, land use, hydrology, stream morphology, riparian habitat, erosion, water quality, wetlands, estuary, and fish and wildlife populations. Synthesis and recommendations are offered. Title: Kilchis Watershed Analysis 1998 Abstract -- This exhaustive report analyzes the Kilchis River watershed, one of five river systems that enter Tillamook Bay, and includes these sections: watershed characteristics, land use, hydrology, stream morphology, riparian habitat, erosion, water quality, wetlands, estuary, and fish and wildlife populations. Synthesis and recommendations are offered. Close

• 226. [Article] Rogue Basin: Watershed Health Factors, OWEB #204-939

  Abstract -- This report identifies factors limiting to watershed health in the Rogue Basin. We describe the degree to which instream factors (water quality, water quantity, instream habitat, barriers, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Rogue Basin: Watershed Health Factors, OWEB #204-939 Abstract -- This report identifies factors limiting to watershed health in the Rogue Basin. We describe the degree to which instream factors (water quality, water quantity, instream habitat, barriers, and channel modification), upland factors (hydrologic function, development, roads and invasive species), and riparian factors (shade and wetlands) are functioning in the watershed to produce high quality water and healthy fish populations. Title: Rogue Basin: Watershed Health Factors, OWEB #204-939 Abstract -- This report identifies factors limiting to watershed health in the Rogue Basin. We describe the degree to which instream factors (water quality, water quantity, instream habitat, barriers, and channel modification), upland factors (hydrologic function, development, roads and invasive species), and riparian factors (shade and wetlands) are functioning in the watershed to produce high quality water and healthy fish populations. Close

• 227. [Image] Pyrenopsis furfurea

  	Apothecial section POL; Habitat: Open Sphagnum wetland surrounded by Abies procera forest, with other conifers; Location: Fanno Meadows, TNC meadow #2, Coast Range; Substrate: Rock, sandstone pebbles; ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Pyrenopsis furfurea Author: McCune, Bruce Year: 2006 Apothecial section POL; Habitat: Open Sphagnum wetland surrounded by Abies procera forest, with other conifers; Location: Fanno Meadows, TNC meadow #2, Coast Range; Substrate: Rock, sandstone pebbles; Elevation: 869 meters. Title: Pyrenopsis furfurea Author: McCune, Bruce Year: 2006 Apothecial section POL; Habitat: Open Sphagnum wetland surrounded by Abies procera forest, with other conifers; Location: Fanno Meadows, TNC meadow #2, Coast Range; Substrate: Rock, sandstone pebbles; Elevation: 869 meters. Close

• 228. [Image] Pyrenopsis furfurea

  	Apothecial section; Habitat: Open Sphagnum wetland surrounded by Abies procera forest, with other conifers; Location: Fanno Meadows, TNC meadow #2, Coast Range; Substrate: Rock, sandstone pebbles; Elevation: ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Pyrenopsis furfurea Author: McCune, Bruce Year: 2006 Apothecial section; Habitat: Open Sphagnum wetland surrounded by Abies procera forest, with other conifers; Location: Fanno Meadows, TNC meadow #2, Coast Range; Substrate: Rock, sandstone pebbles; Elevation: 869 meters. Title: Pyrenopsis furfurea Author: McCune, Bruce Year: 2006 Apothecial section; Habitat: Open Sphagnum wetland surrounded by Abies procera forest, with other conifers; Location: Fanno Meadows, TNC meadow #2, Coast Range; Substrate: Rock, sandstone pebbles; Elevation: 869 meters. Close

• 229. [Image] Pyrenopsis furfurea

  	Apothecia; Habitat: Open Sphagnum wetland surrounded by Abies procera forest, with other conifers; Location: Fanno Meadows, TNC meadow #2, Coast Range; Substrate: Rock, sandstone pebbles; Elevation: 869 ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Pyrenopsis furfurea Author: McCune, Bruce Year: 2006 Apothecia; Habitat: Open Sphagnum wetland surrounded by Abies procera forest, with other conifers; Location: Fanno Meadows, TNC meadow #2, Coast Range; Substrate: Rock, sandstone pebbles; Elevation: 869 meters. Title: Pyrenopsis furfurea Author: McCune, Bruce Year: 2006 Apothecia; Habitat: Open Sphagnum wetland surrounded by Abies procera forest, with other conifers; Location: Fanno Meadows, TNC meadow #2, Coast Range; Substrate: Rock, sandstone pebbles; Elevation: 869 meters. Close

• 230. [Article] Salt Creek Watershed Assessment

  Abstract -- The Salt Creek watershed assessment is a publication of the Yamhill Basin Council (YBC) and is a reference tool for landowners, watershed residents, and council members. It contains factual ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Salt Creek Watershed Assessment Abstract -- The Salt Creek watershed assessment is a publication of the Yamhill Basin Council (YBC) and is a reference tool for landowners, watershed residents, and council members. It contains factual and interpretive information about the condition of the watershed, both past and present. The assessment includes the topics of a Watershed Overview, Historical Conditions, Channel Habitat Types, Vegetation, Riparian and Wetland Conditions, Channel Modifications, Sediments, Hydrology and Water Use, Water Quality, Fish Habitat and Barriers, Restoration and Enhancement Projects, and a Watershed Conditions Summary. Title: Salt Creek Watershed Assessment Abstract -- The Salt Creek watershed assessment is a publication of the Yamhill Basin Council (YBC) and is a reference tool for landowners, watershed residents, and council members. It contains factual and interpretive information about the condition of the watershed, both past and present. The assessment includes the topics of a Watershed Overview, Historical Conditions, Channel Habitat Types, Vegetation, Riparian and Wetland Conditions, Channel Modifications, Sediments, Hydrology and Water Use, Water Quality, Fish Habitat and Barriers, Restoration and Enhancement Projects, and a Watershed Conditions Summary. Close

• 231. [Article] A characterization of seasonal pools in Central Oregon's high desert

  Seasonal wetlands in arid and semi-arid lands provide an important source of surface water in otherwise dry lands. Central Oregon's high desert, located in the Northern Great Basin (NGB) is dotted with ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: A characterization of seasonal pools in Central Oregon's high desert Author: Dlugolecki, Laura Seasonal wetlands in arid and semi-arid lands provide an important source of surface water in otherwise dry lands. Central Oregon's high desert, located in the Northern Great Basin (NGB) is dotted with hundreds of seasonal pools, locally called playas. The playas hold water or snow during parts of winter and spring but typically dry up during summer months. The mechanisms of seasonal pool hydrology, especially in the NGB, are poorly understood and have not been thoroughly examined. There is high seasonal variability and inter-annual variability in surface water amounts in the playas. Historical over-grazing and a century of fire suppression have caused serious long-term ecological damage throughout the NGB ecoregion. A large portion of playas located on the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) Prineville District lands have been excavated to capture and retain increased water for livestock use. These dug-out playas exhibit an altered ponding regime, affecting the depth and duration of water on the surface. Playa excavations have affected the hydrologic behavior on the playas, possibly altering the vegetation communities. Playa habitat is important to many different species, including the greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus), a candidate for protection under the federal Endangered Species Act. To obtain my objectives of fostering a greater understanding of the ecology of the playa systems and to begin documenting the variability across the landscape I explored various methods to characterize and monitor the playas. I analyzed field data collected by the BLM, including ecological site inventory. Because of the knowledge gap in playa ecology, I created a method to support and improve data collection to describe these unique wetlands. I created a field manual to characterize playas that will give land managers and scientists a tool to obtain and contribute useful information about the playas. The information can be used to answer a variety of questions concerning subjects such as: the perceived sensitivity of a site for livestock grazing, the relative importance of a playa to various wildlife species, and whether or not the site is appropriate for livestock troughs or wind turbines. Working with the BLM I helped to develop experimental habitat improvement strategies. To monitor the success of the habitat improvement strategies I used Electromagnetic induction (EMI) to map subsurface soil physical properties, looking specifically at salinity to gain information about hydrologic patterns. I compared hydrologic patterns of playas before and after habitat improvement strategies using EMI data. From initial visual observations of the EMI data, water appears to be distributed across the playas in greater areal extent following habitat improvement strategies. To further characterize the variability in the playas across Central Oregon's high desert, I examined whether relative ash concentration in the soil samples had an effect on the apparent physical characteristics of a playa. There were no discernable differences in relative ash concentration between any of the soil samples. Land managers have an inclination towards orchestrating restoration activities on the altered playas aimed at habitat improvement goals. I recommend caution and patience with restoration activities. Attempts to return systems to within their historical range of biotic and abiotic characteristics and processes may not be possible. Management activities directed at removing undesirable features of a system may perpetuate new undesirable systems. Directing management goals towards promoting biological diversity and hydrological functionality may be more successful focus. I recommend continuing to characterize these unique systems to facilitate the understanding of the role of these features in the high desert. Title: A characterization of seasonal pools in Central Oregon's high desert Author: Dlugolecki, Laura Seasonal wetlands in arid and semi-arid lands provide an important source of surface water in otherwise dry lands. Central Oregon's high desert, located in the Northern Great Basin (NGB) is dotted with hundreds of seasonal pools, locally called playas. The playas hold water or snow during parts of winter and spring but typically dry up during summer months. The mechanisms of seasonal pool hydrology, especially in the NGB, are poorly understood and have not been thoroughly examined. There is high seasonal variability and inter-annual variability in surface water amounts in the playas. Historical over-grazing and a century of fire suppression have caused serious long-term ecological damage throughout the NGB ecoregion. A large portion of playas located on the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) Prineville District lands have been excavated to capture and retain increased water for livestock use. These dug-out playas exhibit an altered ponding regime, affecting the depth and duration of water on the surface. Playa excavations have affected the hydrologic behavior on the playas, possibly altering the vegetation communities. Playa habitat is important to many different species, including the greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus), a candidate for protection under the federal Endangered Species Act. To obtain my objectives of fostering a greater understanding of the ecology of the playa systems and to begin documenting the variability across the landscape I explored various methods to characterize and monitor the playas. I analyzed field data collected by the BLM, including ecological site inventory. Because of the knowledge gap in playa ecology, I created a method to support and improve data collection to describe these unique wetlands. I created a field manual to characterize playas that will give land managers and scientists a tool to obtain and contribute useful information about the playas. The information can be used to answer a variety of questions concerning subjects such as: the perceived sensitivity of a site for livestock grazing, the relative importance of a playa to various wildlife species, and whether or not the site is appropriate for livestock troughs or wind turbines. Working with the BLM I helped to develop experimental habitat improvement strategies. To monitor the success of the habitat improvement strategies I used Electromagnetic induction (EMI) to map subsurface soil physical properties, looking specifically at salinity to gain information about hydrologic patterns. I compared hydrologic patterns of playas before and after habitat improvement strategies using EMI data. From initial visual observations of the EMI data, water appears to be distributed across the playas in greater areal extent following habitat improvement strategies. To further characterize the variability in the playas across Central Oregon's high desert, I examined whether relative ash concentration in the soil samples had an effect on the apparent physical characteristics of a playa. There were no discernable differences in relative ash concentration between any of the soil samples. Land managers have an inclination towards orchestrating restoration activities on the altered playas aimed at habitat improvement goals. I recommend caution and patience with restoration activities. Attempts to return systems to within their historical range of biotic and abiotic characteristics and processes may not be possible. Management activities directed at removing undesirable features of a system may perpetuate new undesirable systems. Directing management goals towards promoting biological diversity and hydrological functionality may be more successful focus. I recommend continuing to characterize these unique systems to facilitate the understanding of the role of these features in the high desert. Close

• 232. [Article] Urbanizing Flora of Portland, Oregon, 1806-2008.

  Second printing with corrections and additions, December 2009.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Urbanizing Flora of Portland, Oregon, 1806-2008. Author: Kimpo, Angela, Christy, Nancy L., Marttala, Vernon, Christy, John A., Gaddis, Philip K. Second printing with corrections and additions, December 2009. Title: Urbanizing Flora of Portland, Oregon, 1806-2008. Author: Kimpo, Angela, Christy, Nancy L., Marttala, Vernon, Christy, John A., Gaddis, Philip K. Second printing with corrections and additions, December 2009. Close

• 233. [Article] 2009 Borax Lake Chub Investigations Progress Reports 2009

  Abstract -- The Borax Lake chub (Gila boraxobius) is a small minnow endemic to Borax Lake and adjacent wetlands in the Alvord Basin in Harney County, Oregon (Williams and Bond 1980). Borax Lake chub are ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: 2009 Borax Lake Chub Investigations Progress Reports 2009 Abstract -- The Borax Lake chub (Gila boraxobius) is a small minnow endemic to Borax Lake and adjacent wetlands in the Alvord Basin in Harney County, Oregon (Williams and Bond 1980). Borax Lake chub are represented by a single population that inhabits a 4.1 hectare geothermally-heated alkaline lake. Borax Lake is a natural lake perched 10 meters above the desert floor on sinter deposits, which is fed almost exclusively by thermal groundwater. The Borax Lake chub was listed as endangered under the federal Endangered Species Act in 1982 (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 1982). Population abundance estimates obtained since 1991 indicate a fluctuating population ranging between approximately 4,000 and 34,000 fish (Salzer 1997; Scheerer and Jacobs 2008). The basis for the Borax Lake chub’s listed status was not population size, but the security of a very limited, unique, isolated, and vulnerable habitat. Because Borax Lake is situated above salt deposits on the desert floor, alteration of the salt crust shoreline could reduce lake levels and the habitat quantity and quality available to Borax Lake chub. At the time of the listing, Borax Lake was threatened by habitat alteration caused by geothermal energy development and alteration of the lake shore crust to provide irrigation to surrounding pasture lands. The Borax Lake chub federal recovery plan, completed in 1987, advocated protection of the lake ecosystem through the acquisition of key private lands, protection of groundwater and surface waters, controls on access, and the removal of livestock grazing (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 1987). Recovery measures implemented since listing have improved the conservation status of Borax Lake chub and protection of its habitat (Williams and Macdonald 2003). When the species was listed, critical habitat was designated on 259 hectares of land surrounding the lake, including 129 hectares of public lands and two 65-hectare parcels of private land. In 1983, the U.S. Bureau of Land Management designated the public land as an Area of Critical Environmental Concern. The Nature Conservancy began leasing the private lands in 1983 and purchased them in 1993, bringing the entire critical habitat into public or conservation ownership. The Nature Conservancy ended water diversion from the lake for irrigation and livestock grazing within the critical habitat. Passage of the Steens Mountain Cooperative Management and Protection Act of 2000 removed the public BLM lands from mineral and geothermal development within a majority of the basin. These actions, combined with detailed studies of the chub and their habitat, have added substantially to our knowledge of the Borax Lake ecosystem (Scoppettone et al. 1995, Salzer 1992, Perkins et al. 1996). However, three primary threats remain. These include the threat to the fragile lake shoreline, wetlands, and soils from a recent increase in recreational use around the lake (particularly off-road vehicle usage), the threat of introduction of nonnative species, and potential negative impacts to the aquifer from geothermal groundwater withdrawal if groundwater pumping were to occur on private lands outside the protected areas (Williams and Macdonald 2003). A review of the conservation status of the Borax Lake chub by Williams and Macdonald (2003) cited the lack of recent and ongoing population and ecosystem monitoring as one argument against downlisting or delisting the species at that time. Although an increase in abundance is not a goal in the successful recovery of this species, monitoring trends in abundance over time is an important management tool to assess species status. The objectives of this study were to: 1) obtain a mark-recapture population estimate of Borax Lake chub and 2) to evaluate habitat conditions at Borax Lake, including the condition of the fragile lake shoreline and outflows. This report describes results from monitoring conducted by Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife’s Native Fish Investigations Project in 2009. Title: 2009 Borax Lake Chub Investigations Progress Reports 2009 Abstract -- The Borax Lake chub (Gila boraxobius) is a small minnow endemic to Borax Lake and adjacent wetlands in the Alvord Basin in Harney County, Oregon (Williams and Bond 1980). Borax Lake chub are represented by a single population that inhabits a 4.1 hectare geothermally-heated alkaline lake. Borax Lake is a natural lake perched 10 meters above the desert floor on sinter deposits, which is fed almost exclusively by thermal groundwater. The Borax Lake chub was listed as endangered under the federal Endangered Species Act in 1982 (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 1982). Population abundance estimates obtained since 1991 indicate a fluctuating population ranging between approximately 4,000 and 34,000 fish (Salzer 1997; Scheerer and Jacobs 2008). The basis for the Borax Lake chub’s listed status was not population size, but the security of a very limited, unique, isolated, and vulnerable habitat. Because Borax Lake is situated above salt deposits on the desert floor, alteration of the salt crust shoreline could reduce lake levels and the habitat quantity and quality available to Borax Lake chub. At the time of the listing, Borax Lake was threatened by habitat alteration caused by geothermal energy development and alteration of the lake shore crust to provide irrigation to surrounding pasture lands. The Borax Lake chub federal recovery plan, completed in 1987, advocated protection of the lake ecosystem through the acquisition of key private lands, protection of groundwater and surface waters, controls on access, and the removal of livestock grazing (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 1987). Recovery measures implemented since listing have improved the conservation status of Borax Lake chub and protection of its habitat (Williams and Macdonald 2003). When the species was listed, critical habitat was designated on 259 hectares of land surrounding the lake, including 129 hectares of public lands and two 65-hectare parcels of private land. In 1983, the U.S. Bureau of Land Management designated the public land as an Area of Critical Environmental Concern. The Nature Conservancy began leasing the private lands in 1983 and purchased them in 1993, bringing the entire critical habitat into public or conservation ownership. The Nature Conservancy ended water diversion from the lake for irrigation and livestock grazing within the critical habitat. Passage of the Steens Mountain Cooperative Management and Protection Act of 2000 removed the public BLM lands from mineral and geothermal development within a majority of the basin. These actions, combined with detailed studies of the chub and their habitat, have added substantially to our knowledge of the Borax Lake ecosystem (Scoppettone et al. 1995, Salzer 1992, Perkins et al. 1996). However, three primary threats remain. These include the threat to the fragile lake shoreline, wetlands, and soils from a recent increase in recreational use around the lake (particularly off-road vehicle usage), the threat of introduction of nonnative species, and potential negative impacts to the aquifer from geothermal groundwater withdrawal if groundwater pumping were to occur on private lands outside the protected areas (Williams and Macdonald 2003). A review of the conservation status of the Borax Lake chub by Williams and Macdonald (2003) cited the lack of recent and ongoing population and ecosystem monitoring as one argument against downlisting or delisting the species at that time. Although an increase in abundance is not a goal in the successful recovery of this species, monitoring trends in abundance over time is an important management tool to assess species status. The objectives of this study were to: 1) obtain a mark-recapture population estimate of Borax Lake chub and 2) to evaluate habitat conditions at Borax Lake, including the condition of the fragile lake shoreline and outflows. This report describes results from monitoring conducted by Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife’s Native Fish Investigations Project in 2009. Close

• 234. [Article] Assessing Habitat Requirements of Pond-Breeding Amphibians in a Highly Urbanized Landscape:Implications for Management

  Management of urban aquatic habitats for native wildlife, such as amphibians, is an important contemporary goal for many municipalities. However, our understanding of how local and landscape characteristics ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Assessing Habitat Requirements of Pond-Breeding Amphibians in a Highly Urbanized Landscape:Implications for Management Author: Guderyahn, Laura B., Smithers, Ashley P., Mims, Meryl C. Year: 2016 Management of urban aquatic habitats for native wildlife, such as amphibians, is an important contemporary goal for many municipalities. However, our understanding of how local and landscape characteristics of urban aquatic habitat promote or inhibit amphibian occupancy and recruitment is limited. In this study, we examined amphibian community composition and occurrence patterns in ponds, wetlands, and swales of Gresham, Oregon. We collected occurrence data for five native amphibians: northwestern salamander (Ambystoma gracile), long-toed salamander (A. macrodactylum), Pacific chorus frog (Pseudacris regilla), northern red-legged frog (Rana aurora aurora), and rough-skinned newt (Taricha granulosa) as well as one non-native amphibian, the American bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeianus). One hundred sites were surveyed from 2007 to 2013. Local and landscape attributes were characterized for each site, and potential drivers of species occupancy were evaluated using a combination of multivariate approaches and generalized linear models. In general, percent impervious surface and distance to nearest forest patch, both associated with urbanization, were negatively correlated with site occupancy for all species. Non-native vegetation was also negatively associated with occupancy of three species (long-toed salamanders, Pacific chorus frogs, and northern red-legged frogs). In contrast, occupancy was positively correlated with pond depth and hydroperiod length for all species. We found evidence of two distinct groups of co-occurring amphibian species driven by habitat depth and hydroperiod. Finally, we report results of threshold analyses that examined species-specific habitat associations. This study describes urban habitat associations of a native amphibian community, identifies factors with positive, negative or mixed relationships with amphibian species, and is an important step in informing the management of urban aquatic habitat to promote persistence of native amphibians. Title: Assessing Habitat Requirements of Pond-Breeding Amphibians in a Highly Urbanized Landscape:Implications for Management Author: Guderyahn, Laura B., Smithers, Ashley P., Mims, Meryl C. Year: 2016 Management of urban aquatic habitats for native wildlife, such as amphibians, is an important contemporary goal for many municipalities. However, our understanding of how local and landscape characteristics of urban aquatic habitat promote or inhibit amphibian occupancy and recruitment is limited. In this study, we examined amphibian community composition and occurrence patterns in ponds, wetlands, and swales of Gresham, Oregon. We collected occurrence data for five native amphibians: northwestern salamander (Ambystoma gracile), long-toed salamander (A. macrodactylum), Pacific chorus frog (Pseudacris regilla), northern red-legged frog (Rana aurora aurora), and rough-skinned newt (Taricha granulosa) as well as one non-native amphibian, the American bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeianus). One hundred sites were surveyed from 2007 to 2013. Local and landscape attributes were characterized for each site, and potential drivers of species occupancy were evaluated using a combination of multivariate approaches and generalized linear models. In general, percent impervious surface and distance to nearest forest patch, both associated with urbanization, were negatively correlated with site occupancy for all species. Non-native vegetation was also negatively associated with occupancy of three species (long-toed salamanders, Pacific chorus frogs, and northern red-legged frogs). In contrast, occupancy was positively correlated with pond depth and hydroperiod length for all species. We found evidence of two distinct groups of co-occurring amphibian species driven by habitat depth and hydroperiod. Finally, we report results of threshold analyses that examined species-specific habitat associations. This study describes urban habitat associations of a native amphibian community, identifies factors with positive, negative or mixed relationships with amphibian species, and is an important step in informing the management of urban aquatic habitat to promote persistence of native amphibians. Close

• 235. [Article] Wet Meadow Plant Associations, Malheur National Wildlife Refuge, Harney County, Oregon

  In July 2012, we sampled 131 plots in wet meadow habitat at the southern end of the Malheur National Wildlife Refuge. Analysis of the data identified eleven different plant associations: Alopecurus pratensis, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Wet Meadow Plant Associations, Malheur National Wildlife Refuge, Harney County, Oregon Author: Christy, John A. Year: 2013 In July 2012, we sampled 131 plots in wet meadow habitat at the southern end of the Malheur National Wildlife Refuge. Analysis of the data identified eleven different plant associations: Alopecurus pratensis, Carex aquatilis var. aquatilis, Carex nebrascensis, Carex pellita, Carex praegracilis, Carex sheldonii, Distichlis spicata, Juncus balticus, Leymus triticoides, Phalaris arundinacea, and Sparganium eurycarpum. Plant associations spanned a wetland gradient from seasonally moist to seasonally or perennially flooded, but surface water had left most stands at time of sampling. Mean Wetland Indicator Status scores help to place the plant associations within gradients in soil moisture and alkalinity. The Alopecurus pratensis and Phalaris arundinacea associations are dominated by exotic, invasive species and appear to be outcompeting native plant associations. Phases of the Carex praegracilis association appear to be replaced by the Alopecurus pratensis association, while the Carex pellita, Juncus balticus, and Leymus triticoides associations may be replaced by the Phalaris arundinacea association. The Carex aquatilis and Sparganium eurycarpum associations were undersampled and provide only an estimate of composition. Most associations are consistent with what has been included in the National Vegetation Classification. Title: Wet Meadow Plant Associations, Malheur National Wildlife Refuge, Harney County, Oregon Author: Christy, John A. Year: 2013 In July 2012, we sampled 131 plots in wet meadow habitat at the southern end of the Malheur National Wildlife Refuge. Analysis of the data identified eleven different plant associations: Alopecurus pratensis, Carex aquatilis var. aquatilis, Carex nebrascensis, Carex pellita, Carex praegracilis, Carex sheldonii, Distichlis spicata, Juncus balticus, Leymus triticoides, Phalaris arundinacea, and Sparganium eurycarpum. Plant associations spanned a wetland gradient from seasonally moist to seasonally or perennially flooded, but surface water had left most stands at time of sampling. Mean Wetland Indicator Status scores help to place the plant associations within gradients in soil moisture and alkalinity. The Alopecurus pratensis and Phalaris arundinacea associations are dominated by exotic, invasive species and appear to be outcompeting native plant associations. Phases of the Carex praegracilis association appear to be replaced by the Alopecurus pratensis association, while the Carex pellita, Juncus balticus, and Leymus triticoides associations may be replaced by the Phalaris arundinacea association. The Carex aquatilis and Sparganium eurycarpum associations were undersampled and provide only an estimate of composition. Most associations are consistent with what has been included in the National Vegetation Classification. Close

• 236. [Article] Wet Meadow Plant Associations, Double O Unit, Malheur National Wildlife Refuge, Harney County, Oregon

  This report summarizes vegetation data collected in July 2015 in wet meadow and marshy habitats on the Double O Unit of Malheur National Wildlife Refuge (MNWR). Because vegetation sampled at the Double ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Wet Meadow Plant Associations, Double O Unit, Malheur National Wildlife Refuge, Harney County, Oregon Author: Christy, John A. Year: 2016 This report summarizes vegetation data collected in July 2015 in wet meadow and marshy habitats on the Double O Unit of Malheur National Wildlife Refuge (MNWR). Because vegetation sampled at the Double O was wetter and more alkaline than wet meadows sampled at the south end of the refuge in 2012 and 2013 (Christy 2014), data from the Double O Unit were analyzed and summarized separately. A total of 83 plots were sampled in 2015, and analysis of the data identified 14 plant associations: Alopecurus aequalis - Juncus balticus, Alopecurus pratensis - Potentilla anserina, Carex praegracilis - Juncus balticus, Cicuta douglasii - Carex nebrascensis, Distichlis spicata - Amphiscirpus nevadensis, Distichlis spicata - Nitrophila occidentalis, Eleocharis palustris - Juncus balticus, Eleocharis rostellata, Juncus balticus - Glaux maritima, Hippuris vulgaris - Triglochin maritima, Leymus triticoides - Juncus balticus, Schoenoplectus americanus, Spartina gracilis, and Triglochin maritima. Plant associations spanned a wetland gradient from seasonally moist to seasonally or perennially flooded, but surface water had left most stands at time of sampling. Mean Wetland Indicator Status scores and species composition help to place the plant associations within gradients in soil moisture and alkalinity. Seven of the 14 plant associations are listed in the International Vegetation Classification, and the remaining types are provisional Title: Wet Meadow Plant Associations, Double O Unit, Malheur National Wildlife Refuge, Harney County, Oregon Author: Christy, John A. Year: 2016 This report summarizes vegetation data collected in July 2015 in wet meadow and marshy habitats on the Double O Unit of Malheur National Wildlife Refuge (MNWR). Because vegetation sampled at the Double O was wetter and more alkaline than wet meadows sampled at the south end of the refuge in 2012 and 2013 (Christy 2014), data from the Double O Unit were analyzed and summarized separately. A total of 83 plots were sampled in 2015, and analysis of the data identified 14 plant associations: Alopecurus aequalis - Juncus balticus, Alopecurus pratensis - Potentilla anserina, Carex praegracilis - Juncus balticus, Cicuta douglasii - Carex nebrascensis, Distichlis spicata - Amphiscirpus nevadensis, Distichlis spicata - Nitrophila occidentalis, Eleocharis palustris - Juncus balticus, Eleocharis rostellata, Juncus balticus - Glaux maritima, Hippuris vulgaris - Triglochin maritima, Leymus triticoides - Juncus balticus, Schoenoplectus americanus, Spartina gracilis, and Triglochin maritima. Plant associations spanned a wetland gradient from seasonally moist to seasonally or perennially flooded, but surface water had left most stands at time of sampling. Mean Wetland Indicator Status scores and species composition help to place the plant associations within gradients in soil moisture and alkalinity. Seven of the 14 plant associations are listed in the International Vegetation Classification, and the remaining types are provisional Close

• 237. [Article] Modeling Historic Columbia River Flood Impacts

  The Lower Columbia River Estuary (LCRE) has undergone extensive modifications since the 19th century. Construction of dams, installation of jetties and dikes, dredging of the navigation channel and filling ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Modeling Historic Columbia River Flood Impacts Author: Helaire, Lumas, Mahedy, Andrew, Talke, Stefan A., Jay, David A Year: 2014 The Lower Columbia River Estuary (LCRE) has undergone extensive modifications since the 19th century. Construction of dams, installation of jetties and dikes, dredging of the navigation channel and filling in of tidal wetlands have all contributed significantly to alterations in tidal dynamics and the flow regime, with consequences for habitat inundation and salinity intrusion. In this talk we discuss the development and implementation of a 19th century flow model for the LCRE, using a digital elevation model based on historic bathymetry. The model has been calibrated with recently rediscovered and digitized tide data from the 19th century. In this research project we look at several river flow scenarios. We are interested in the interaction between river flow and ocean tides, how it has changed in the LCRE since the 19th century and how it affects the river physics. With the model, we focus on the following questions: How has the spatial structure of salinity changed since the 1890's? Has the salinity intrusion length increased or decreased? Is there a change in residual salinity in some of the bays in the estuary? How have changes to the bathymetric structure of the river affected salinity intrusion? For the same flow river flow, how have wetland inundation patterns changed? How have changes to the tidal prism ascertained from a temporal analysis of tidal records, affected the amount of land inundated in a tidal cycle and how long that land remains inundated? Initial results suggest that salinity intrusion patterns have shifted and that wetland inundation patterns have been impacted by the up to 10% increase in the estuary tidal range since the late 19th century. Title: Modeling Historic Columbia River Flood Impacts Author: Helaire, Lumas, Mahedy, Andrew, Talke, Stefan A., Jay, David A Year: 2014 The Lower Columbia River Estuary (LCRE) has undergone extensive modifications since the 19th century. Construction of dams, installation of jetties and dikes, dredging of the navigation channel and filling in of tidal wetlands have all contributed significantly to alterations in tidal dynamics and the flow regime, with consequences for habitat inundation and salinity intrusion. In this talk we discuss the development and implementation of a 19th century flow model for the LCRE, using a digital elevation model based on historic bathymetry. The model has been calibrated with recently rediscovered and digitized tide data from the 19th century. In this research project we look at several river flow scenarios. We are interested in the interaction between river flow and ocean tides, how it has changed in the LCRE since the 19th century and how it affects the river physics. With the model, we focus on the following questions: How has the spatial structure of salinity changed since the 1890's? Has the salinity intrusion length increased or decreased? Is there a change in residual salinity in some of the bays in the estuary? How have changes to the bathymetric structure of the river affected salinity intrusion? For the same flow river flow, how have wetland inundation patterns changed? How have changes to the tidal prism ascertained from a temporal analysis of tidal records, affected the amount of land inundated in a tidal cycle and how long that land remains inundated? Initial results suggest that salinity intrusion patterns have shifted and that wetland inundation patterns have been impacted by the up to 10% increase in the estuary tidal range since the late 19th century. Close

• 238. [Article] Vegetation of vernal pools and related ephemeral wetlands in the Gerber Block, Klamath Basin, Oregon, including searches for Orcuttia tenuis and Tuctoria greenei

  The California vernal pool-endemic grasses Orcuttia tenuis and Tuctoria greenei, both listed under the U.S. Endangered Species Act, were recently found in Modoc County, California, a short distance south ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Vegetation of vernal pools and related ephemeral wetlands in the Gerber Block, Klamath Basin, Oregon, including searches for Orcuttia tenuis and Tuctoria greenei Author: Björk, Curtis R. The California vernal pool-endemic grasses Orcuttia tenuis and Tuctoria greenei, both listed under the U.S. Endangered Species Act, were recently found in Modoc County, California, a short distance south of the Oregon border. This prompted searches in suitable habitats in adjacent portions of the Klamath Basin in Oregon, in the Gerber Block Bureau of Land Management lands and adjacent portions of the Fremont- Winema National Forest. Neither species was found in the 2010 or 2011 surveys. The 2009-2010 winter through summer was very dry, possibly causing dormancy of these species in soil seed banks that year. The 2010-2011 winter through summer was much wetter, so much so that the pools desiccated very late, perhaps furthering dormancy. Alternately, the species may truly be lacking from the Gerber Block. Twenty-six species ranked for conservation by the Oregon Biodiversity Information Center were found in the 2010 surveys, and an additional 10 species were found that should be considered for listing as conservation priorities in Oregon. A number of vascular plants and lichens were found that may represent taxa new to science. In vernal pools, 149 taxa (all but 9 of them native) were recorded. A preliminary sketch is given of character species, high-frequency species, species autecologies, and plant communities of vernal pools in the project area. Further notes describe additional ephemeral wetland types encountered in the project area. Title: Vegetation of vernal pools and related ephemeral wetlands in the Gerber Block, Klamath Basin, Oregon, including searches for Orcuttia tenuis and Tuctoria greenei Author: Björk, Curtis R. The California vernal pool-endemic grasses Orcuttia tenuis and Tuctoria greenei, both listed under the U.S. Endangered Species Act, were recently found in Modoc County, California, a short distance south of the Oregon border. This prompted searches in suitable habitats in adjacent portions of the Klamath Basin in Oregon, in the Gerber Block Bureau of Land Management lands and adjacent portions of the Fremont- Winema National Forest. Neither species was found in the 2010 or 2011 surveys. The 2009-2010 winter through summer was very dry, possibly causing dormancy of these species in soil seed banks that year. The 2010-2011 winter through summer was much wetter, so much so that the pools desiccated very late, perhaps furthering dormancy. Alternately, the species may truly be lacking from the Gerber Block. Twenty-six species ranked for conservation by the Oregon Biodiversity Information Center were found in the 2010 surveys, and an additional 10 species were found that should be considered for listing as conservation priorities in Oregon. A number of vascular plants and lichens were found that may represent taxa new to science. In vernal pools, 149 taxa (all but 9 of them native) were recorded. A preliminary sketch is given of character species, high-frequency species, species autecologies, and plant communities of vernal pools in the project area. Further notes describe additional ephemeral wetland types encountered in the project area. Close

• 239. [Article] Increasing the abundance of rare native wetland prairie species

  Native prairies of the Willamette Valley are considered among the rarest of Oregon’s ecosystems and are in critical need of conservation. Management strategies for increasing the abundance of native species ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Increasing the abundance of rare native wetland prairie species Author: Goodridge, Jennifer, Wilson, Mark V., Clark, Deborah Louise, 1950- Native prairies of the Willamette Valley are considered among the rarest of Oregon’s ecosystems and are in critical need of conservation. Management strategies for increasing the abundance of native species are urgently needed, particularly those strategies that promote the regeneration of native species from seed. Fire may be an important factor in promoting regeneration of native species from seed because of its historical role in maintaining the prairie landscape. The study objectives were (1) to determine the effect of prescribed burning on regeneration of native species from seed, and (2) to establish predictive relationships between easily measured plant traits and seedling establishment rates in the field. The general approach was to sow seeds of target wetland prairie species during the fall into experimental field plots already established at the Danebo Wetland, Eugene, OR. Seedling establishment rates were then compared between burned and unburned plots the following spring. To establish predictive relationships these seedling establishment rates were related to selected seed and seedling traits measured under laboratory conditions. Overall seedling establishment rates showed no significant differences between burned (7.0%) and unburned plots (8.7%), although for the seven species showing positive responses to prescribed burning, the increase was approximately doubled in the burned plots. Burning significantly increased the seedling establishment rates of three species, Wyethia angustifolia, Grindelia integrifolia, and Danthonia californica. Seedling establishment significantly decreased with burning for one species, Sidalcea campestris. For three of the four endangered, threatened or rare species, Aster curtus, Horkelia congesta, and Sidalcea cusickii var. purpurea, seedling establishment rates were smaller in the burned plots compared to the unburned plots, although the differences were not significant. Lomatium bradshawii had no seedlings establish in either the burned or the unburned plots. Plant weight 7 days after germination was the best trait at predicting field seedling establishment rates for both the burned plots and the unburned plots, explaining a significant amount of variation in establishment rates: 70% for the burned plots and 45% for the unburned plots. This model could be used by managers to choose species for sowing in burned and unburned prairies or to estimate seeding rates at burned and unburned sites. Title: Increasing the abundance of rare native wetland prairie species Author: Goodridge, Jennifer, Wilson, Mark V., Clark, Deborah Louise, 1950- Native prairies of the Willamette Valley are considered among the rarest of Oregon’s ecosystems and are in critical need of conservation. Management strategies for increasing the abundance of native species are urgently needed, particularly those strategies that promote the regeneration of native species from seed. Fire may be an important factor in promoting regeneration of native species from seed because of its historical role in maintaining the prairie landscape. The study objectives were (1) to determine the effect of prescribed burning on regeneration of native species from seed, and (2) to establish predictive relationships between easily measured plant traits and seedling establishment rates in the field. The general approach was to sow seeds of target wetland prairie species during the fall into experimental field plots already established at the Danebo Wetland, Eugene, OR. Seedling establishment rates were then compared between burned and unburned plots the following spring. To establish predictive relationships these seedling establishment rates were related to selected seed and seedling traits measured under laboratory conditions. Overall seedling establishment rates showed no significant differences between burned (7.0%) and unburned plots (8.7%), although for the seven species showing positive responses to prescribed burning, the increase was approximately doubled in the burned plots. Burning significantly increased the seedling establishment rates of three species, Wyethia angustifolia, Grindelia integrifolia, and Danthonia californica. Seedling establishment significantly decreased with burning for one species, Sidalcea campestris. For three of the four endangered, threatened or rare species, Aster curtus, Horkelia congesta, and Sidalcea cusickii var. purpurea, seedling establishment rates were smaller in the burned plots compared to the unburned plots, although the differences were not significant. Lomatium bradshawii had no seedlings establish in either the burned or the unburned plots. Plant weight 7 days after germination was the best trait at predicting field seedling establishment rates for both the burned plots and the unburned plots, explaining a significant amount of variation in establishment rates: 70% for the burned plots and 45% for the unburned plots. This model could be used by managers to choose species for sowing in burned and unburned prairies or to estimate seeding rates at burned and unburned sites. Close

• 240. [Image] Nitrogen and phosphorus loading from drained wetlands adjacent to Upper Klamath and Agency Lakes, Oregon

  	Two maps digitized separately; Includes bibliographical references (p. 44-49)
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Nitrogen and phosphorus loading from drained wetlands adjacent to Upper Klamath and Agency Lakes, Oregon Author: Snyder, Daniel T. Year: 1997, 2005, 2004 Two maps digitized separately; Includes bibliographical references (p. 44-49) Title: Nitrogen and phosphorus loading from drained wetlands adjacent to Upper Klamath and Agency Lakes, Oregon Author: Snyder, Daniel T. Year: 1997, 2005, 2004 Two maps digitized separately; Includes bibliographical references (p. 44-49) Close

• 241. [Article] Seasonal movement, residency, and migration patterns of Wilson's Snipe (Gallinago delicata) across the annual cycle in the Willamette Valley of Oregon.

  Studies of avian movement ecology afford essential insights regarding species' life histories, population dynamics, habitat and resource requirements, and other ecological relationships. While it is widely ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Seasonal movement, residency, and migration patterns of Wilson's Snipe (Gallinago delicata) across the annual cycle in the Willamette Valley of Oregon. Author: Cline, Brittany B. Studies of avian movement ecology afford essential insights regarding species' life histories, population dynamics, habitat and resource requirements, and other ecological relationships. While it is widely recognized that events in different stages of the annual cycle have important implications for processes in avian ecology, evolution, and conservation, challenges associated with quantifying migratory connectivity frequently constrain annual-cycle approaches to the study of avian movement. The majority of cross-seasonal movement studies have been conducted to either (1) establish linkages between geographically distinct wintering, breeding and migratory stopover locations; or (2) assess site fidelity and movement within fractions of the annual cycle (i.e. individual seasons). Far fewer studies employ annual-cycle approaches to investigate how local and regional movement patterns of individuals change seasonally within an area of breeding and wintering-range overlap. Within western Oregon’s Willamette Valley in 2007, I quantified the intra- and inter-seasonal movement patterns, fidelity (regional/local), and migratory strategies of 37 radio-marked Wilson’s Snipe (Gallinago delicata) to elucidate residency status in a region of breeding and wintering-range overlap. Available evidence indicated the potential for a variety of possible migratory behaviors for this relatively understudied migratory species; results revealed that the group monitored constituted winter residents (74%), winter transients (14%), summer residents (9%), and one year-round resident breeder (3%). Findings indicated a lack of connectivity between populations captured during winter and summer, scant evidence of partial migration (one year-round resident), as well as the first documentation of between-season fidelity of snipe to the region (return of winter resident in subsequent fall). Spring migration chronology of radio-marked winter residents indicated a strong sex differential in timing of migration, with males departing an average of 9.68 days earlier than females (20.11 days including winter transients). In contrast, fall migration patterns were suggestive of inverse chronology (females departing before males). Male-biased winter sex ratios were consistent with observed latitudinal clines for other nonbreeding shorebird populations. The protracted spring migration periods resulted in gradual dispersal consistent with energy minimization migration strategies. Across seasons, the extent of movements and use of multiple wetland sites suggested that snipe were capable of exploratory movements, but more regularly perceived local and fine-scale segments of the landscape as connected. There were no differences in the areal extent of individual home-ranges, number of sites visited, individual mobility, or distances detected from capture sites by individual sex (or interaction of sex × season). However, movements differed significantly by season and residency, with individuals exhibiting contracted movements during late winter, and most expansive movements during precipitation-limited periods (late spring, summer, fall 2007). Mean home-range size was 3.52 ± 0.93 km2 (100% MCP) and 1.57 ± 0.42 km2 (95% fixed kernel), and did not vary by sex; however, home-range varied markedly by season (range 100% MCP = 1.04 – 7.56 km2). Overall results indicated variable fidelity patterns (e.g., prolonged periods of within-season residency, transient behavior, between-season fidelity, partial migration), which were indicative of a complex regional population structure. Wilson’s Snipe demonstrated striking differences in movement patterns, vagility and local site fidelity across seasons in the Willamette Valley, while previous studies of shorebird movement and habitat use in the region focused solely on winter and precipitation-copious periods. Furthermore, by highlighting the seasonal changes in snipe movement metrics, this study provides the first cross-seasonal profile of a shorebird species’ space-use in a region of breeding and wintering-range overlap. Results provide insight on the regional and local fidelity and movement patterns of shorebirds in a spatiotemporally dynamic wetland landscape, across multiple seasons. Furthermore, findings indicate that single-season approaches to wetland management in the region present the risk of mischaracterizing species’ spatial requirements, and highlight the need to consider: (1) cross-seasonal effects, and (2) inter-specific differences in shorebird life histories when developing regional wetland conservation plans. Title: Seasonal movement, residency, and migration patterns of Wilson's Snipe (Gallinago delicata) across the annual cycle in the Willamette Valley of Oregon. Author: Cline, Brittany B. Studies of avian movement ecology afford essential insights regarding species' life histories, population dynamics, habitat and resource requirements, and other ecological relationships. While it is widely recognized that events in different stages of the annual cycle have important implications for processes in avian ecology, evolution, and conservation, challenges associated with quantifying migratory connectivity frequently constrain annual-cycle approaches to the study of avian movement. The majority of cross-seasonal movement studies have been conducted to either (1) establish linkages between geographically distinct wintering, breeding and migratory stopover locations; or (2) assess site fidelity and movement within fractions of the annual cycle (i.e. individual seasons). Far fewer studies employ annual-cycle approaches to investigate how local and regional movement patterns of individuals change seasonally within an area of breeding and wintering-range overlap. Within western Oregon’s Willamette Valley in 2007, I quantified the intra- and inter-seasonal movement patterns, fidelity (regional/local), and migratory strategies of 37 radio-marked Wilson’s Snipe (Gallinago delicata) to elucidate residency status in a region of breeding and wintering-range overlap. Available evidence indicated the potential for a variety of possible migratory behaviors for this relatively understudied migratory species; results revealed that the group monitored constituted winter residents (74%), winter transients (14%), summer residents (9%), and one year-round resident breeder (3%). Findings indicated a lack of connectivity between populations captured during winter and summer, scant evidence of partial migration (one year-round resident), as well as the first documentation of between-season fidelity of snipe to the region (return of winter resident in subsequent fall). Spring migration chronology of radio-marked winter residents indicated a strong sex differential in timing of migration, with males departing an average of 9.68 days earlier than females (20.11 days including winter transients). In contrast, fall migration patterns were suggestive of inverse chronology (females departing before males). Male-biased winter sex ratios were consistent with observed latitudinal clines for other nonbreeding shorebird populations. The protracted spring migration periods resulted in gradual dispersal consistent with energy minimization migration strategies. Across seasons, the extent of movements and use of multiple wetland sites suggested that snipe were capable of exploratory movements, but more regularly perceived local and fine-scale segments of the landscape as connected. There were no differences in the areal extent of individual home-ranges, number of sites visited, individual mobility, or distances detected from capture sites by individual sex (or interaction of sex × season). However, movements differed significantly by season and residency, with individuals exhibiting contracted movements during late winter, and most expansive movements during precipitation-limited periods (late spring, summer, fall 2007). Mean home-range size was 3.52 ± 0.93 km2 (100% MCP) and 1.57 ± 0.42 km2 (95% fixed kernel), and did not vary by sex; however, home-range varied markedly by season (range 100% MCP = 1.04 – 7.56 km2). Overall results indicated variable fidelity patterns (e.g., prolonged periods of within-season residency, transient behavior, between-season fidelity, partial migration), which were indicative of a complex regional population structure. Wilson’s Snipe demonstrated striking differences in movement patterns, vagility and local site fidelity across seasons in the Willamette Valley, while previous studies of shorebird movement and habitat use in the region focused solely on winter and precipitation-copious periods. Furthermore, by highlighting the seasonal changes in snipe movement metrics, this study provides the first cross-seasonal profile of a shorebird species’ space-use in a region of breeding and wintering-range overlap. Results provide insight on the regional and local fidelity and movement patterns of shorebirds in a spatiotemporally dynamic wetland landscape, across multiple seasons. Furthermore, findings indicate that single-season approaches to wetland management in the region present the risk of mischaracterizing species’ spatial requirements, and highlight the need to consider: (1) cross-seasonal effects, and (2) inter-specific differences in shorebird life histories when developing regional wetland conservation plans. Close

• 242. [Article] Ecology of mallard ducklings on Lower Klamath National Wildlife Refuge, California

  The ecology of female mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) and their broods was studied during 1988-90 on Lower Klamath National Wildlife Refuge, California. Survival of 127 radio-marked ducklings from 64 broods ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Ecology of mallard ducklings on Lower Klamath National Wildlife Refuge, California Author: Mauser, David M. The ecology of female mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) and their broods was studied during 1988-90 on Lower Klamath National Wildlife Refuge, California. Survival of 127 radio-marked ducklings from 64 broods was 0.18 to 10 days of life, and 0.37 and 0.34 to fledging for 1988, 1989, and 1990, respectively. For the 3 years of the study, 49.2% of hens lost their entire brood; 81.2, 36.8, and 37.5% in 1988, 1989, and 1990, respectively. Ninety-three percent of mortality occurred on or before 10 days of life. No significant differences were detected in the proportion of radio-marked ducklings lost from early hatched or late hatched nests. A variety of predators consumed radio-marked ducklings; however, 49% of the cases of mortality were a result of an unknown predator. During 1989 and 1990, 3 radio-marked ducklings from 16 hens which appeared to lose their entire brood were fledged by other brood hens, and of 29 radio-marked ducklings that reached 44 days of life, 6 (20.7%) had joined other broods. Movements, home range, and habitat use were determined for 27 radio-marked broods. Relocation movements (>1000 m in 24 hrs) occurred in 12 of the 27 broods, primarily in the first week and after the fourth week of life. In 1989, significantly fewer radio-marked ducklings from broods hatching in permanent marshes survived to fledge compared to those originating in seasonal wetlands. Mean size of home ranges was 1.27 ± 0.47 km² and 0.62 ± 0.21 km² in 1989 and 1990, respectively. Most habitat selection by brood rearing hens occurred at the second order, (selection of home range area). Hens selected seasonally flooded wetlands with a cover component and avoided open or permanently flooded habitats. Estimated recruitment (females fledged/adult female in the spring population), proportional change in population size, and number of fledged young varied markedly during the 3 years of the study. Estimated recruitment was 0.31, 1.26, and 0.83 for 1988, 1989, and 1990, respectively. The estimated proportional change in population size ranged from 0.73 in 1988 to 1.29 and 1.04 during 1989 and 1990, respectively. Number of fledged young ranged from 915 in 1988 to 6,102 in 1989. Movements, habitat use, and survival of postbreeding radio-marked mallard hens were also determined. From mid-April to early August, 5,279 exposure days without the loss of a radio-marked hen were tallied. Of the 4 hens which emigrated from the study area, all were unsuccessful in rearing a brood. Unsuccessful hens moved to surveyed areas north of the study area significantly sooner than successful hens. Canals were the primary habitat utilized by postbreeding hens in 1988 while mixed seasonal and emergent permanent marsh were the most frequently used habitats in 1989 and 1990. Open seasonal and mixed seasonal marshes were the most frequently utilized habitats by incubating hens. Radio-marked hens moved a mean distance of 1,350 m from the nest to suspected feeding areas. Title: Ecology of mallard ducklings on Lower Klamath National Wildlife Refuge, California Author: Mauser, David M. The ecology of female mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) and their broods was studied during 1988-90 on Lower Klamath National Wildlife Refuge, California. Survival of 127 radio-marked ducklings from 64 broods was 0.18 to 10 days of life, and 0.37 and 0.34 to fledging for 1988, 1989, and 1990, respectively. For the 3 years of the study, 49.2% of hens lost their entire brood; 81.2, 36.8, and 37.5% in 1988, 1989, and 1990, respectively. Ninety-three percent of mortality occurred on or before 10 days of life. No significant differences were detected in the proportion of radio-marked ducklings lost from early hatched or late hatched nests. A variety of predators consumed radio-marked ducklings; however, 49% of the cases of mortality were a result of an unknown predator. During 1989 and 1990, 3 radio-marked ducklings from 16 hens which appeared to lose their entire brood were fledged by other brood hens, and of 29 radio-marked ducklings that reached 44 days of life, 6 (20.7%) had joined other broods. Movements, home range, and habitat use were determined for 27 radio-marked broods. Relocation movements (>1000 m in 24 hrs) occurred in 12 of the 27 broods, primarily in the first week and after the fourth week of life. In 1989, significantly fewer radio-marked ducklings from broods hatching in permanent marshes survived to fledge compared to those originating in seasonal wetlands. Mean size of home ranges was 1.27 ± 0.47 km² and 0.62 ± 0.21 km² in 1989 and 1990, respectively. Most habitat selection by brood rearing hens occurred at the second order, (selection of home range area). Hens selected seasonally flooded wetlands with a cover component and avoided open or permanently flooded habitats. Estimated recruitment (females fledged/adult female in the spring population), proportional change in population size, and number of fledged young varied markedly during the 3 years of the study. Estimated recruitment was 0.31, 1.26, and 0.83 for 1988, 1989, and 1990, respectively. The estimated proportional change in population size ranged from 0.73 in 1988 to 1.29 and 1.04 during 1989 and 1990, respectively. Number of fledged young ranged from 915 in 1988 to 6,102 in 1989. Movements, habitat use, and survival of postbreeding radio-marked mallard hens were also determined. From mid-April to early August, 5,279 exposure days without the loss of a radio-marked hen were tallied. Of the 4 hens which emigrated from the study area, all were unsuccessful in rearing a brood. Unsuccessful hens moved to surveyed areas north of the study area significantly sooner than successful hens. Canals were the primary habitat utilized by postbreeding hens in 1988 while mixed seasonal and emergent permanent marsh were the most frequently used habitats in 1989 and 1990. Open seasonal and mixed seasonal marshes were the most frequently utilized habitats by incubating hens. Radio-marked hens moved a mean distance of 1,350 m from the nest to suspected feeding areas. Close

• 243. [Article] Portland : Balch Creek watershed protection plan

  Item contains two files: 1) Plan. 222 pp. Includes maps and figures. Adopted January 8, 1991; 2) Revisions. 56 pp. Adopted April 12, 1995. Bookmarks supplied by UO. Captured December 28, 2007.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Portland : Balch Creek watershed protection plan Author: Portland (Or.), Portland (Or.). Bureau of Planning Year: 2008, 1995 Item contains two files: 1) Plan. 222 pp. Includes maps and figures. Adopted January 8, 1991; 2) Revisions. 56 pp. Adopted April 12, 1995. Bookmarks supplied by UO. Captured December 28, 2007. Title: Portland : Balch Creek watershed protection plan Author: Portland (Or.), Portland (Or.). Bureau of Planning Year: 2008, 1995 Item contains two files: 1) Plan. 222 pp. Includes maps and figures. Adopted January 8, 1991; 2) Revisions. 56 pp. Adopted April 12, 1995. Bookmarks supplied by UO. Captured December 28, 2007. Close

• 244. [Article] Native bee diversity and floral resource availability in two Willamette Valley Oregon ecosystems

  The importance of pollinators in native and managed landscapes is well known, and recent interest is directed towards investigating the role of native bees as providers of pollination ecosystem services. ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Native bee diversity and floral resource availability in two Willamette Valley Oregon ecosystems Author: Bergh, Jennifer E. The importance of pollinators in native and managed landscapes is well known, and recent interest is directed towards investigating the role of native bees as providers of pollination ecosystem services. Uncertainty about bee populations at global and local scales has prompted research and general interest in conservation of bee diversity. To sustain robust populations, bees need nesting habitat and quality forage resources. This thesis describes two studies related to the relationship between bee diversity and landscape floral resource availability in two Willamette Valley ecosystems: wet prairies and blueberry agroecosystems. The wetlands are florally diverse, heterogeneous, and temporally patchy in spring and summer, whereas blueberries are florally abundant during spring crop bloom with potentially fewer floral resources after berry set; the intention of these studies was to determine if the floral resources in each ecosystem were adequate to support robust native bee communities. For each site type, the bee fauna and associated melittophilous floral resources are described and characterized. In the studies, it was determined that bee diversity, and specifically bee abundance, was positively correlated with floral resources. This thesis presents the results of community analyses, floral resources that were identified as important forage sources, and a discussion of the relationship between landscape phenology and bee population dynamics in each ecosystem type. Implications and recommendations for landscape management to conserve and potentially enhance local native bee communities are discussed. Title: Native bee diversity and floral resource availability in two Willamette Valley Oregon ecosystems Author: Bergh, Jennifer E. The importance of pollinators in native and managed landscapes is well known, and recent interest is directed towards investigating the role of native bees as providers of pollination ecosystem services. Uncertainty about bee populations at global and local scales has prompted research and general interest in conservation of bee diversity. To sustain robust populations, bees need nesting habitat and quality forage resources. This thesis describes two studies related to the relationship between bee diversity and landscape floral resource availability in two Willamette Valley ecosystems: wet prairies and blueberry agroecosystems. The wetlands are florally diverse, heterogeneous, and temporally patchy in spring and summer, whereas blueberries are florally abundant during spring crop bloom with potentially fewer floral resources after berry set; the intention of these studies was to determine if the floral resources in each ecosystem were adequate to support robust native bee communities. For each site type, the bee fauna and associated melittophilous floral resources are described and characterized. In the studies, it was determined that bee diversity, and specifically bee abundance, was positively correlated with floral resources. This thesis presents the results of community analyses, floral resources that were identified as important forage sources, and a discussion of the relationship between landscape phenology and bee population dynamics in each ecosystem type. Implications and recommendations for landscape management to conserve and potentially enhance local native bee communities are discussed. Close

• 245. [Article] Effectiveness Monitoring for LWD Placement in South Slough Tidal Wetlands (OWEB #205-111)

  Abstract -- Effectiveness monitoring of LWD placed in South Slough’s upper estuary wasdesigned to accomplish the following: - Determine presence/absence and behavior of juvenile salmonids (i.e., cohoand ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Effectiveness Monitoring for LWD Placement in South Slough Tidal Wetlands (OWEB #205-111) Abstract -- Effectiveness monitoring of LWD placed in South Slough’s upper estuary wasdesigned to accomplish the following: - Determine presence/absence and behavior of juvenile salmonids (i.e., cohoand cutthroat trout) in and around LWD using underwater videographyand acoustic tagging methods (a late addition to the project); - Monitor abundance and species composition of juvenile salmonids in tidal creeks with (and without) LWD using fyke nets; - Monitor fish use of other subtidal habitats with beach seines; - Track changes in invertebrate abundance and composition; - Detect wood movement with sub-meter GPS tracking; - Record changes in channel profile around LWD with detailed elevationsurveys; and, - Track water temperature and flow in locations near and away from LWD. Large woody debris was placed in 29 locations in South Slough’s upper estuary. The effectiveness monitoring project focused on 12 sites, six pairs based on configuration and location Title: Effectiveness Monitoring for LWD Placement in South Slough Tidal Wetlands (OWEB #205-111) Abstract -- Effectiveness monitoring of LWD placed in South Slough’s upper estuary wasdesigned to accomplish the following: - Determine presence/absence and behavior of juvenile salmonids (i.e., cohoand cutthroat trout) in and around LWD using underwater videographyand acoustic tagging methods (a late addition to the project); - Monitor abundance and species composition of juvenile salmonids in tidal creeks with (and without) LWD using fyke nets; - Monitor fish use of other subtidal habitats with beach seines; - Track changes in invertebrate abundance and composition; - Detect wood movement with sub-meter GPS tracking; - Record changes in channel profile around LWD with detailed elevationsurveys; and, - Track water temperature and flow in locations near and away from LWD. Large woody debris was placed in 29 locations in South Slough’s upper estuary. The effectiveness monitoring project focused on 12 sites, six pairs based on configuration and location Close

• 246. [Article] Lower Tillamook Bay Watershed Plan and Environmental Assessment

  Abstract -- This document describes a plan to improve water quality and fishery habitat within the Lower Tillamook Bay Watershed while improving the economic sustainability of the dairy and livestock industry. ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Lower Tillamook Bay Watershed Plan and Environmental Assessment Abstract -- This document describes a plan to improve water quality and fishery habitat within the Lower Tillamook Bay Watershed while improving the economic sustainability of the dairy and livestock industry. This plan will help the agricultural community meet the requirements under the Clean Water Act and the Endangered Species Act. The financial and technical assistance provided will offer the agricultural community the opportunity to accelerate efforts already underway through the Tillamook Bay National Estuary Study and other state and local programs (Oregon Plan, SB1010 plans, etc.). Proposed is the development and implementation of conservation plans on approximately 60 dairies, 22 heifer replacement operations and 34 other livestock operations. Plans will address resource concerns on farm headquarters, pasture and haylands, riparian areas and wetlands. Title: Lower Tillamook Bay Watershed Plan and Environmental Assessment Abstract -- This document describes a plan to improve water quality and fishery habitat within the Lower Tillamook Bay Watershed while improving the economic sustainability of the dairy and livestock industry. This plan will help the agricultural community meet the requirements under the Clean Water Act and the Endangered Species Act. The financial and technical assistance provided will offer the agricultural community the opportunity to accelerate efforts already underway through the Tillamook Bay National Estuary Study and other state and local programs (Oregon Plan, SB1010 plans, etc.). Proposed is the development and implementation of conservation plans on approximately 60 dairies, 22 heifer replacement operations and 34 other livestock operations. Plans will address resource concerns on farm headquarters, pasture and haylands, riparian areas and wetlands. Close

• 247. [Article] An experimental reintroduction of Pleuropogon oregonus, a rare wetland grass native to Oregon

  Pleuropogon oregonus Chase is a rare wetland grass endemic to eastern Oregon. The species is composed of two widely separated populations, one in Lake County and one in Union County. In order to reduce ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: An experimental reintroduction of Pleuropogon oregonus, a rare wetland grass native to Oregon Author: Groberg, Matthew G. Pleuropogon oregonus Chase is a rare wetland grass endemic to eastern Oregon. The species is composed of two widely separated populations, one in Lake County and one in Union County. In order to reduce the risk of extinction, the Oregon Department of Agriculture Native Plant Conservation Program initiated several reintroduction projects for the species in the early 2000s. Because there were some morphological distinctions (implying genetic differences) between the two population groups, plants from the different counties were considered to represent separate conservation units in reintroduction projects. The Union County ecotype established well at a site in Grant County (Logan Valley), but reintroduction attempts with the Lake County ecotype failed to produce self-perpetuating populations. This brings up the question of whether successful establishment is related to habitat quality at the reintroduction sites, the ecotype used, or some combination of both. In addition, the small natural patch sizes, mostly clonal growth, and low caryopsis production suggests that Oregon semaphore grass might suffer from low genetic diversity and inbreeding depression. Therefore, the question of whether separate ecotypes should be mixed in reintroduction projects merits consideration. On the one hand, planting allopatric ecotypes together runs the risk of disrupting co-adapted gene complexes. Yet if material used in reintroductions exhibits inbreeding depression, mixing disparate populations may be advantageous. Because environmental conditions often fluctuate in wetlands, vegetative community characteristics may be useful in measuring suitability. Ecotypes were reintroduced in separate areas and mixed in one area at the same reintroduction site, i.e., End Creek, in Union County. Although an effort was made to reintroduce ecotypes into areas that were similar, in terms of environmental conditions and vegetative communities, there were landscape-wide differences in the outplanting areas that were not measured in this study, such as changes in hydrology. Because the area in which the mixed ecotypes were reintroduced did not have any surviving plants, the question of whether mixing ecotypes promoted caryopsis production could not be answered. The areas with the most survival were in full sun, completely saturated soil and had vegetative communities similar to the source sites. Although more plants at End Creek survived in the Union County area than the Lake County area, this difference was attributed to the inadvertent selection of presumably better quality habitat in this area. High quality habitat appears to be the most significant factor affecting reintroduction success. Although reintroduction areas may appear to be suitable on a small scale, the effect of the surrounding landscape may affect establishment in ways that are not predictable on a small scale. This was most apparent in the mixed plot area which seemed appropriate on the small scale, but contained no surviving plants upon monitoring. Title: An experimental reintroduction of Pleuropogon oregonus, a rare wetland grass native to Oregon Author: Groberg, Matthew G. Pleuropogon oregonus Chase is a rare wetland grass endemic to eastern Oregon. The species is composed of two widely separated populations, one in Lake County and one in Union County. In order to reduce the risk of extinction, the Oregon Department of Agriculture Native Plant Conservation Program initiated several reintroduction projects for the species in the early 2000s. Because there were some morphological distinctions (implying genetic differences) between the two population groups, plants from the different counties were considered to represent separate conservation units in reintroduction projects. The Union County ecotype established well at a site in Grant County (Logan Valley), but reintroduction attempts with the Lake County ecotype failed to produce self-perpetuating populations. This brings up the question of whether successful establishment is related to habitat quality at the reintroduction sites, the ecotype used, or some combination of both. In addition, the small natural patch sizes, mostly clonal growth, and low caryopsis production suggests that Oregon semaphore grass might suffer from low genetic diversity and inbreeding depression. Therefore, the question of whether separate ecotypes should be mixed in reintroduction projects merits consideration. On the one hand, planting allopatric ecotypes together runs the risk of disrupting co-adapted gene complexes. Yet if material used in reintroductions exhibits inbreeding depression, mixing disparate populations may be advantageous. Because environmental conditions often fluctuate in wetlands, vegetative community characteristics may be useful in measuring suitability. Ecotypes were reintroduced in separate areas and mixed in one area at the same reintroduction site, i.e., End Creek, in Union County. Although an effort was made to reintroduce ecotypes into areas that were similar, in terms of environmental conditions and vegetative communities, there were landscape-wide differences in the outplanting areas that were not measured in this study, such as changes in hydrology. Because the area in which the mixed ecotypes were reintroduced did not have any surviving plants, the question of whether mixing ecotypes promoted caryopsis production could not be answered. The areas with the most survival were in full sun, completely saturated soil and had vegetative communities similar to the source sites. Although more plants at End Creek survived in the Union County area than the Lake County area, this difference was attributed to the inadvertent selection of presumably better quality habitat in this area. High quality habitat appears to be the most significant factor affecting reintroduction success. Although reintroduction areas may appear to be suitable on a small scale, the effect of the surrounding landscape may affect establishment in ways that are not predictable on a small scale. This was most apparent in the mixed plot area which seemed appropriate on the small scale, but contained no surviving plants upon monitoring. Close

• 248. [Article] Effects of Tide Gate Replacement on Water Temperature ina Freshwater Slough in the Columbia River Estuary

  Dramatic declines in salmon populations in the Pacific Northwest have brought new attention to the importance of estuarine rearing habitats. Levees and tide gates used to convert estuarine wetlands into ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Effects of Tide Gate Replacement on Water Temperature ina Freshwater Slough in the Columbia River Estuary Author: Ennis, Sara Year: 2009 Dramatic declines in salmon populations in the Pacific Northwest have brought new attention to the importance of estuarine rearing habitats. Levees and tide gates used to convert estuarine wetlands into farmland have reduced available habitat by more than half of historical levels. Recent efforts to restore estuarine habitats include tide gate replacement, though this method has been poorly studied. As a key indicator of salmon habitat suitability, temperature was used to evaluate the effects of tide gate replacement in a tidally influenced freshwater slough in the Lower Columbia River estuary. Three tide gates in the largest slough on Tenasillahe Island were replaced in 2007 with side-hinged aluminum gates. As managed during the data collection periods, the new tide gates did not allow tidal inflow into the slough. The study employed a Before-After, Control-Impact (BACI) approach, collecting data seasonally two years before and after replacement at the impact site and at the control site, a relatively unaltered slough on nearby Welch Island. Randomized Intervention Analysis and Monte Carlo tests revealed no significant difference in slough water temperatures after tide gate replacement, although minimum temperatures dropped up and downstream of the tide gates. Although the new tide gates did not have a significant effect on water temperature, the lower minimum temperatures may have been caused by a slight increase in tidal circulation. This result suggests that slough temperatures would decrease if the tide gates were managed to increase tidal inflow, and thus improve the quality of salmon rearing habitat. Title: Effects of Tide Gate Replacement on Water Temperature ina Freshwater Slough in the Columbia River Estuary Author: Ennis, Sara Year: 2009 Dramatic declines in salmon populations in the Pacific Northwest have brought new attention to the importance of estuarine rearing habitats. Levees and tide gates used to convert estuarine wetlands into farmland have reduced available habitat by more than half of historical levels. Recent efforts to restore estuarine habitats include tide gate replacement, though this method has been poorly studied. As a key indicator of salmon habitat suitability, temperature was used to evaluate the effects of tide gate replacement in a tidally influenced freshwater slough in the Lower Columbia River estuary. Three tide gates in the largest slough on Tenasillahe Island were replaced in 2007 with side-hinged aluminum gates. As managed during the data collection periods, the new tide gates did not allow tidal inflow into the slough. The study employed a Before-After, Control-Impact (BACI) approach, collecting data seasonally two years before and after replacement at the impact site and at the control site, a relatively unaltered slough on nearby Welch Island. Randomized Intervention Analysis and Monte Carlo tests revealed no significant difference in slough water temperatures after tide gate replacement, although minimum temperatures dropped up and downstream of the tide gates. Although the new tide gates did not have a significant effect on water temperature, the lower minimum temperatures may have been caused by a slight increase in tidal circulation. This result suggests that slough temperatures would decrease if the tide gates were managed to increase tidal inflow, and thus improve the quality of salmon rearing habitat. Close

• 249. [Article] Upper South Yamhill River Watershed Assessment

  Abstract -- The Upper South Yamhill River watershed assessment is a publication of the Yamhill Basin Council (YBC) and is a reference tool for watershed residents. It contains information gathered from ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Upper South Yamhill River Watershed Assessment Abstract -- The Upper South Yamhill River watershed assessment is a publication of the Yamhill Basin Council (YBC) and is a reference tool for watershed residents. It contains information gathered from many different sources about past and present conditions in the watershed. The assessment also identifies areas where information is lacking. The assessment includes the topics of a Watershed Overview, Historical Conditions, Channel Habitat Types, Vegetation, Riparian and Wetland Conditions, Channel Modifications, Sediments, Hydrology and Water Use, Water Quality, Fish Habitat and Barriers, Restoration and Enhancement Projects, and a Watershed Conditions Summary. Title: Upper South Yamhill River Watershed Assessment Abstract -- The Upper South Yamhill River watershed assessment is a publication of the Yamhill Basin Council (YBC) and is a reference tool for watershed residents. It contains information gathered from many different sources about past and present conditions in the watershed. The assessment also identifies areas where information is lacking. The assessment includes the topics of a Watershed Overview, Historical Conditions, Channel Habitat Types, Vegetation, Riparian and Wetland Conditions, Channel Modifications, Sediments, Hydrology and Water Use, Water Quality, Fish Habitat and Barriers, Restoration and Enhancement Projects, and a Watershed Conditions Summary. Close

• 250. [Article] Pudding River Watershed Assessment, 2006

  Abstract -- Northeast of Salem, five large streams flow west out of the Cascade Mountains to join the Pudding River as it meanders north across the broad Willamette Valley and to its confluence with the ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Pudding River Watershed Assessment, 2006 Abstract -- Northeast of Salem, five large streams flow west out of the Cascade Mountains to join the Pudding River as it meanders north across the broad Willamette Valley and to its confluence with the Molalla River near Canby. In this document, we characterize past and current watershed conditions and identify opportunities for improving conditions in this watershed. Chapter headings include: introduction and watershed overview, water quality, fish populations and aquatic habitat, water flow and use, riparian vegetation and wetlands, and riparian and stream restoration. The two appendices deal with Pudding River watershed history and BLM Conservation Strategy objectives. 221 pp. Numerous illustrative maps in PDF format accompany this report. Title: Pudding River Watershed Assessment, 2006 Abstract -- Northeast of Salem, five large streams flow west out of the Cascade Mountains to join the Pudding River as it meanders north across the broad Willamette Valley and to its confluence with the Molalla River near Canby. In this document, we characterize past and current watershed conditions and identify opportunities for improving conditions in this watershed. Chapter headings include: introduction and watershed overview, water quality, fish populations and aquatic habitat, water flow and use, riparian vegetation and wetlands, and riparian and stream restoration. The two appendices deal with Pudding River watershed history and BLM Conservation Strategy objectives. 221 pp. Numerous illustrative maps in PDF format accompany this report. Close