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• 201. [Article] Planning Approaches for Water Resources Development in the Lower Mekong Basin

  Governments in the Lower Mekong Basin (LMB) face decisions that involve trade-offs between, for example, the economic benefits from hydropower generation and potentially irreversible negative impacts on ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Planning Approaches for Water Resources Development in the Lower Mekong Basin Author: Costanza, Robert, Kubiszewski, Ida, Paquet, Peter, King, Jeffrey, Halimi, Shpresa, Sanguanngoi, Hansa, Bach, Nguyen Luong, Frankel, Richard, Ganaseni, Jiragorn, Intralawan, Apisom, Morell, David Year: 2011 Governments in the Lower Mekong Basin (LMB) face decisions that involve trade-offs between, for example, the economic benefits from hydropower generation and potentially irreversible negative impacts on the ecosystems that provide livelihoods and food security to the rural poor. These decisions involve complex problems that are both poorly understood in scientific terms and subject to rapid, potentially catastrophic change over time. A comprehensive, whole systems approach that adequately addresses the risks and uncertainties involved is necessary, but this is a daunting challenge for researchers, decision makers, and managers. They must develop the capacity to plan, coordinate, and implement a program that improves sustainable societal well-being across national boundaries in the face of these uncertainties, which include impacts on native capture fisheries, biodiversity, wetlands and other biological resources, ecosystem services (i.e., the ecological characteristics, functions, or processes that directly or indirectly contribute to human well-being), and indigenous cultures and ways of life. Title: Planning Approaches for Water Resources Development in the Lower Mekong Basin Author: Costanza, Robert, Kubiszewski, Ida, Paquet, Peter, King, Jeffrey, Halimi, Shpresa, Sanguanngoi, Hansa, Bach, Nguyen Luong, Frankel, Richard, Ganaseni, Jiragorn, Intralawan, Apisom, Morell, David Year: 2011 Governments in the Lower Mekong Basin (LMB) face decisions that involve trade-offs between, for example, the economic benefits from hydropower generation and potentially irreversible negative impacts on the ecosystems that provide livelihoods and food security to the rural poor. These decisions involve complex problems that are both poorly understood in scientific terms and subject to rapid, potentially catastrophic change over time. A comprehensive, whole systems approach that adequately addresses the risks and uncertainties involved is necessary, but this is a daunting challenge for researchers, decision makers, and managers. They must develop the capacity to plan, coordinate, and implement a program that improves sustainable societal well-being across national boundaries in the face of these uncertainties, which include impacts on native capture fisheries, biodiversity, wetlands and other biological resources, ecosystem services (i.e., the ecological characteristics, functions, or processes that directly or indirectly contribute to human well-being), and indigenous cultures and ways of life. Close

• 202. [Article] Theoretical and Quantitative Analysis of Chronological Changes of Wetland Mitigation Policy in the United States

  The purpose of this research is to evaluate longitudinal changes of wetland mitigation policy in the United States theoretically and quantitatively. This study offers a deeper understanding of critical ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Theoretical and Quantitative Analysis of Chronological Changes of Wetland Mitigation Policy in the United States Author: Masuda, Yosuke The purpose of this research is to evaluate longitudinal changes of wetland mitigation policy in the United States theoretically and quantitatively. This study offers a deeper understanding of critical wetland conservation policy in the United States while providing a useful reference for policy makers and policy implementers of biodiversity offset policies in the world. I applied policy learning theory to understand the development process of the policy. I also conducted content analysis of public documents about wetland mitigation policy in the United States to evaluate the chronological shift of language use of the policy. As a consequence, two policy (conceptual) learnings were identified in the history of wetland mitigation policy: the introduction of the banking system and the concept of ecosystem services. The content analysis also revealed the increasing trend of language use about efficiency (market), and the decreasing trend of language use about equity (distributional equity), which were different from the initial expectation based on the review of literature. The results suggest that social learning which is improvement of communication among actors could be a next step to overcome the ongoing problems such as unfair redistribution of ecosystem services. Title: Theoretical and Quantitative Analysis of Chronological Changes of Wetland Mitigation Policy in the United States Author: Masuda, Yosuke The purpose of this research is to evaluate longitudinal changes of wetland mitigation policy in the United States theoretically and quantitatively. This study offers a deeper understanding of critical wetland conservation policy in the United States while providing a useful reference for policy makers and policy implementers of biodiversity offset policies in the world. I applied policy learning theory to understand the development process of the policy. I also conducted content analysis of public documents about wetland mitigation policy in the United States to evaluate the chronological shift of language use of the policy. As a consequence, two policy (conceptual) learnings were identified in the history of wetland mitigation policy: the introduction of the banking system and the concept of ecosystem services. The content analysis also revealed the increasing trend of language use about efficiency (market), and the decreasing trend of language use about equity (distributional equity), which were different from the initial expectation based on the review of literature. The results suggest that social learning which is improvement of communication among actors could be a next step to overcome the ongoing problems such as unfair redistribution of ecosystem services. Close

• 203. [Article] Public Participation in Environmental Decision-making Process in China: A Case Study of the Anti-Nu River Dam Campaign in Yunnan Province

  The ever-increasing environmental degradation in China is leading people to pay more attention to environmental protection. Although Chinese government has made progress in dealing with environmental problems, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Public Participation in Environmental Decision-making Process in China: A Case Study of the Anti-Nu River Dam Campaign in Yunnan Province Author: Chen, Meian The ever-increasing environmental degradation in China is leading people to pay more attention to environmental protection. Although Chinese government has made progress in dealing with environmental problems, the environment still gets worse. Thus, ordinary people began to take part in environmental issues, and make contributions to environmental protection. With increased public concern for the environment, people try to participate more in environmental decision-making so as to mitigate environmental damage. This paper examines hydroelectric development in the Nu River in Yunnan Province as a case study, which is a plan of building 13 dams on Nu River. Since this area is related to biodiversity protection, ethnic minorities, and World Heritage status, it has received a high-level concern from the public. The paper examines the influence of public participation on the decision-making process of the dam project, including environmental NGOs, corporations, the government, the media and local residents. Due to public participation, the fate of the dam project has changed. It has twice been suspended by Premier Wen Jiabao. This paper employs the Multiple Streams Policy Framework to examine public participation in the project, and explains how those interest groups put their environmental-friendly ideas into the policy agenda and influence the decision of dam construction. Title: Public Participation in Environmental Decision-making Process in China: A Case Study of the Anti-Nu River Dam Campaign in Yunnan Province Author: Chen, Meian The ever-increasing environmental degradation in China is leading people to pay more attention to environmental protection. Although Chinese government has made progress in dealing with environmental problems, the environment still gets worse. Thus, ordinary people began to take part in environmental issues, and make contributions to environmental protection. With increased public concern for the environment, people try to participate more in environmental decision-making so as to mitigate environmental damage. This paper examines hydroelectric development in the Nu River in Yunnan Province as a case study, which is a plan of building 13 dams on Nu River. Since this area is related to biodiversity protection, ethnic minorities, and World Heritage status, it has received a high-level concern from the public. The paper examines the influence of public participation on the decision-making process of the dam project, including environmental NGOs, corporations, the government, the media and local residents. Due to public participation, the fate of the dam project has changed. It has twice been suspended by Premier Wen Jiabao. This paper employs the Multiple Streams Policy Framework to examine public participation in the project, and explains how those interest groups put their environmental-friendly ideas into the policy agenda and influence the decision of dam construction. Close

• 204. [Article] Ecological Change on California’s Channel Islands from the Pleistocene to the Anthropocene

  To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The article was published by Oxford University ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Ecological Change on California’s Channel Islands from the Pleistocene to the Anthropocene Author: Ghalambor, Cameron K., Still, Christopher, Rick, Torben C., et al., Sillett, T. Scott To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The article was published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Institute of Biological Sciences and is in the public domain. The published article can be found at: http://bioscience.oxfordjournals.org/. Title: Ecological Change on California’s Channel Islands from the Pleistocene to the Anthropocene Author: Ghalambor, Cameron K., Still, Christopher, Rick, Torben C., et al., Sillett, T. Scott To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The article was published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Institute of Biological Sciences and is in the public domain. The published article can be found at: http://bioscience.oxfordjournals.org/. Close

• 205. [Article] Cost-Effectiveness of Nutrient Pollution Reduction in Taal Lake, Philippines

  Research Paper

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Cost-Effectiveness of Nutrient Pollution Reduction in Taal Lake, Philippines Author: Vista, Arvin, Norris, Patricia E. Research Paper Title: Cost-Effectiveness of Nutrient Pollution Reduction in Taal Lake, Philippines Author: Vista, Arvin, Norris, Patricia E. Research Paper Close

• 206. [Article] Missing Links in Ocean Governance: The Case of Fisheries

  Research Paper

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Missing Links in Ocean Governance: The Case of Fisheries Author: Matsuda, Yoshiaki Research Paper Title: Missing Links in Ocean Governance: The Case of Fisheries Author: Matsuda, Yoshiaki Research Paper Close

• 207. [Article] Cost-benefit analysis of a project concerning the management of an invasive species in a coastal fishery: the case of Crepidula fornicata in the Bay of Brest (France)

  Research Paper

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Cost-benefit analysis of a project concerning the management of an invasive species in a coastal fishery: the case of Crepidula fornicata in the Bay of Brest (France) Author: Fresard, Marjolaine, Boncoeur, Jean Research Paper Title: Cost-benefit analysis of a project concerning the management of an invasive species in a coastal fishery: the case of Crepidula fornicata in the Bay of Brest (France) Author: Fresard, Marjolaine, Boncoeur, Jean Research Paper Close

• 208. [Article] Yellow starthistle, Centaurea solstitalis

  Published September 2008. Reviewed August 2014. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Yellow starthistle, Centaurea solstitalis Author: Oregon State University. Extension Service Published September 2008. Reviewed August 2014. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog Title: Yellow starthistle, Centaurea solstitalis Author: Oregon State University. Extension Service Published September 2008. Reviewed August 2014. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog Close

• 209. [Article] Distribution of epiphytic macrolichens in relation to remnant trees in a multiple-age Douglas-fir forest

  Alternatives to clear-cutting are being implemented to increase biodiversity of managed forests in the Pacific Northwest. Lichens are an integral component of old growth, but lichen biomass develops slowly ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Distribution of epiphytic macrolichens in relation to remnant trees in a multiple-age Douglas-fir forest Author: Goslin, Matthew N., Sillett, Stephen C. Alternatives to clear-cutting are being implemented to increase biodiversity of managed forests in the Pacific Northwest. Lichens are an integral component of old growth, but lichen biomass develops slowly in forests. We evaluated the long-term potential of live tree retention for lichen conservation in Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) forests. We sampled lichen litterfall in a 2-ha stand that contained 200- to 600-year-old remnant trees scattered in a forest composed mostly of 100-year-old trees that established following fire. We used association, principal components, and regression analyses to relate lichen litterfall biomass to the proximity of remnant trees. Two epiphytic lichens were strongly associated with remnant trees: the foliose cyanolichen Lobaria oregana (Tuck.) Müll. Arg. and the fruticose green algal lichen Sphaerophorus globosus (Hudson) Vainio. Biomass of both species was highest near remnant trees, and biomass was slightly higher within groves of remnant trees than it was at the edges of these groves or near isolated trees. Lichens appear to have persisted on remnant trees through the last fire and are slowly recolonizing younger trees from this source of propagules. Retention of live trees, maintenance of hardwoods, and longer rotation periods have great potential to maintain old-growth-associated lichens in at least some managed forests. Title: Distribution of epiphytic macrolichens in relation to remnant trees in a multiple-age Douglas-fir forest Author: Goslin, Matthew N., Sillett, Stephen C. Alternatives to clear-cutting are being implemented to increase biodiversity of managed forests in the Pacific Northwest. Lichens are an integral component of old growth, but lichen biomass develops slowly in forests. We evaluated the long-term potential of live tree retention for lichen conservation in Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) forests. We sampled lichen litterfall in a 2-ha stand that contained 200- to 600-year-old remnant trees scattered in a forest composed mostly of 100-year-old trees that established following fire. We used association, principal components, and regression analyses to relate lichen litterfall biomass to the proximity of remnant trees. Two epiphytic lichens were strongly associated with remnant trees: the foliose cyanolichen Lobaria oregana (Tuck.) Müll. Arg. and the fruticose green algal lichen Sphaerophorus globosus (Hudson) Vainio. Biomass of both species was highest near remnant trees, and biomass was slightly higher within groves of remnant trees than it was at the edges of these groves or near isolated trees. Lichens appear to have persisted on remnant trees through the last fire and are slowly recolonizing younger trees from this source of propagules. Retention of live trees, maintenance of hardwoods, and longer rotation periods have great potential to maintain old-growth-associated lichens in at least some managed forests. Close

• 210. [Article] New species of Cyphocharax (Ostariophysi: Characiformes: Curimatidae) from Suriname and French Guiana and a discussion of curimatid diversity on the Guiana Shield

  This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Société Française d’Ichtyologie and can be found at: http://www.mnhn.fr/sfi/cybium/.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: New species of Cyphocharax (Ostariophysi: Characiformes: Curimatidae) from Suriname and French Guiana and a discussion of curimatid diversity on the Guiana Shield Author: Sidlauskas, Brian L., Vari, Richard P., Le Bail, Pierre-Yves This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Société Française d’Ichtyologie and can be found at: http://www.mnhn.fr/sfi/cybium/. Title: New species of Cyphocharax (Ostariophysi: Characiformes: Curimatidae) from Suriname and French Guiana and a discussion of curimatid diversity on the Guiana Shield Author: Sidlauskas, Brian L., Vari, Richard P., Le Bail, Pierre-Yves This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Société Française d’Ichtyologie and can be found at: http://www.mnhn.fr/sfi/cybium/. Close

• 211. [Article] Effects of Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products on Marine Organisms: From Single-Species Studies to an Ecosystem-Based Approach

  Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) are contaminants of emerging concern that are increasing in use and have demonstrated negative effects on aquatic organisms. There is a growing body of ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Effects of Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products on Marine Organisms: From Single-Species Studies to an Ecosystem-Based Approach Author: Prichard, Emma C, Granek, Elise F. Year: 2016 Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) are contaminants of emerging concern that are increasing in use and have demonstrated negative effects on aquatic organisms. There is a growing body of literature reporting the effects of PPCPs on freshwater organisms, but studies on the effects of PPCPs to marine and estuarine organisms are limited. Among effect studies, the vast majority examines subcellular or cellular effects, with far fewer studies examining organismal- and community-level effects. We reviewed the current published literature on marine and estuarine algae, invertebrates, fish, and mammals exposed to PPCPs, in order to expand upon current reviews. This paper builds on previous reviews of PPCP contamination in marine environments, filling prior literature gaps and adding consideration of ecosystem function and level of knowledge across marine habitat types. Finally, we reviewed and compiled data gaps suggested by current researchers and reviewers and propose a multi-level model to expand the focus of current PPCP research beyond laboratory studies. This model includes examination of direct ecological effects including food web and disease dynamics, biodiversity, community composition, and other ecosystem-level indicators of contaminant-driven change. Title: Effects of Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products on Marine Organisms: From Single-Species Studies to an Ecosystem-Based Approach Author: Prichard, Emma C, Granek, Elise F. Year: 2016 Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) are contaminants of emerging concern that are increasing in use and have demonstrated negative effects on aquatic organisms. There is a growing body of literature reporting the effects of PPCPs on freshwater organisms, but studies on the effects of PPCPs to marine and estuarine organisms are limited. Among effect studies, the vast majority examines subcellular or cellular effects, with far fewer studies examining organismal- and community-level effects. We reviewed the current published literature on marine and estuarine algae, invertebrates, fish, and mammals exposed to PPCPs, in order to expand upon current reviews. This paper builds on previous reviews of PPCP contamination in marine environments, filling prior literature gaps and adding consideration of ecosystem function and level of knowledge across marine habitat types. Finally, we reviewed and compiled data gaps suggested by current researchers and reviewers and propose a multi-level model to expand the focus of current PPCP research beyond laboratory studies. This model includes examination of direct ecological effects including food web and disease dynamics, biodiversity, community composition, and other ecosystem-level indicators of contaminant-driven change. Close

• 212. [Article] 525,600 Minutes: How Do You Measure Cultural Diversity in Oregon Trade Publishing?

  In this paper I will explore the ongoing conversation about the state of diversity in the publishing industry, the identity of the Pacific Northwest as a bastion of diversity relative to New York City, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: 525,600 Minutes: How Do You Measure Cultural Diversity in Oregon Trade Publishing? Author: Gnall, Alyssa Year: 2016 In this paper I will explore the ongoing conversation about the state of diversity in the publishing industry, the identity of the Pacific Northwest as a bastion of diversity relative to New York City, and whether and how the economic concept of cultural diversity can be useful to publishers committed to increasing diversity in their lists or amongst their staff. Generally speaking, the term “diversity” refers to the social choice to be inclusive of everyone regardless of race, sex, class or economic status, etc. In this paper, I will also refer to the economic concept of cultural diversity. In publishing, this concept, developed from principles of biodiversity in healthy ecosystems and defined for the book industry by Françoise Benhamou and Stéphanie Peltier, is measured by analyzing the three properties of diversity—variety, balance, and disparity—“according to the three forms of categorization of the population of individual books…: the title, the genre and the original language" Title: 525,600 Minutes: How Do You Measure Cultural Diversity in Oregon Trade Publishing? Author: Gnall, Alyssa Year: 2016 In this paper I will explore the ongoing conversation about the state of diversity in the publishing industry, the identity of the Pacific Northwest as a bastion of diversity relative to New York City, and whether and how the economic concept of cultural diversity can be useful to publishers committed to increasing diversity in their lists or amongst their staff. Generally speaking, the term “diversity” refers to the social choice to be inclusive of everyone regardless of race, sex, class or economic status, etc. In this paper, I will also refer to the economic concept of cultural diversity. In publishing, this concept, developed from principles of biodiversity in healthy ecosystems and defined for the book industry by Françoise Benhamou and Stéphanie Peltier, is measured by analyzing the three properties of diversity—variety, balance, and disparity—“according to the three forms of categorization of the population of individual books…: the title, the genre and the original language" Close

• 213. [Article] Biological considerations for a new approach to regulating genetically modified crops in the United States

  The debate over GM crops is one of the most controversial issues of recent decades. The debate has many dimensions, including environmental impacts, benefits and risks to human health, intellectual property ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Biological considerations for a new approach to regulating genetically modified crops in the United States Author: McDonough, Ashley The debate over GM crops is one of the most controversial issues of recent decades. The debate has many dimensions, including environmental impacts, benefits and risks to human health, intellectual property rights, adequacy of biosafety regulations, and fundamental ethical acceptability. The potential benefits of GM crops are numerous, including improved nutritional value, decreased production costs, resistance to pests, and reduced pesticide use. However, there are also substantial and complex health, environmental, and social risks, including effects on gene flow and biodiversity, creation of new toxins or allergens in food, consolidation of seed companies, and restricted access to genetic information and methods. Current US regulations are imposed only on crops produced through recombinant DNA methods, though all of these risks apply to crops modified through conventional biotechnologies as well. I argue that this current regulatory system impedes progress by presenting large obstacles to even low risk GM crops with medical and economic benefits. I suggest that a better approach would be a tiered system that takes into account the specific biological properties of the modified traits, the biology of the crops in which they are produced, and the environments in which they are grown. Title: Biological considerations for a new approach to regulating genetically modified crops in the United States Author: McDonough, Ashley The debate over GM crops is one of the most controversial issues of recent decades. The debate has many dimensions, including environmental impacts, benefits and risks to human health, intellectual property rights, adequacy of biosafety regulations, and fundamental ethical acceptability. The potential benefits of GM crops are numerous, including improved nutritional value, decreased production costs, resistance to pests, and reduced pesticide use. However, there are also substantial and complex health, environmental, and social risks, including effects on gene flow and biodiversity, creation of new toxins or allergens in food, consolidation of seed companies, and restricted access to genetic information and methods. Current US regulations are imposed only on crops produced through recombinant DNA methods, though all of these risks apply to crops modified through conventional biotechnologies as well. I argue that this current regulatory system impedes progress by presenting large obstacles to even low risk GM crops with medical and economic benefits. I suggest that a better approach would be a tiered system that takes into account the specific biological properties of the modified traits, the biology of the crops in which they are produced, and the environments in which they are grown. Close

• 214. [Article] An evaluation of the establishment and continued effectiveness of the Galápagos National Park and Marine Reserve in Ecuador

  Conservation of natural resources has become a new watchword of the scientific community. While many terrestrial ecosystems are well protected, marine ecosystems have only recently come to the forefront. ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: An evaluation of the establishment and continued effectiveness of the Galápagos National Park and Marine Reserve in Ecuador Author: Asson, Danielle Conservation of natural resources has become a new watchword of the scientific community. While many terrestrial ecosystems are well protected, marine ecosystems have only recently come to the forefront. Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) have been introduced as a means of protecting biodiversity, commercial stocks, and ecosystem services. There are many social, ecological, and economic considerations to be addressed for a marine reserve to be effective from a biological and social perspective. In 1998 the Special Law of the Galápagos created the Galápagos Marine Reserve, and instituted a participatory management scheme for local and governmental cooperation in management. The foundations of the Special Law are strong, however many problems plague the islands, including rapid growth of the population and the tourism industry, and a great deal of non-compliance with reserve regulations in the form of violent protests and illegal fisheries. Feelings of legitimacy must be fostered among the local populations through significant improvements in education to enhance stakeholder participation, and increased funding to the National Park to allow for effective enforcement of the regulations. Increasing visitor fees is a potential source of new income to be used for park management and improving local resources, especially education. Title: An evaluation of the establishment and continued effectiveness of the Galápagos National Park and Marine Reserve in Ecuador Author: Asson, Danielle Conservation of natural resources has become a new watchword of the scientific community. While many terrestrial ecosystems are well protected, marine ecosystems have only recently come to the forefront. Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) have been introduced as a means of protecting biodiversity, commercial stocks, and ecosystem services. There are many social, ecological, and economic considerations to be addressed for a marine reserve to be effective from a biological and social perspective. In 1998 the Special Law of the Galápagos created the Galápagos Marine Reserve, and instituted a participatory management scheme for local and governmental cooperation in management. The foundations of the Special Law are strong, however many problems plague the islands, including rapid growth of the population and the tourism industry, and a great deal of non-compliance with reserve regulations in the form of violent protests and illegal fisheries. Feelings of legitimacy must be fostered among the local populations through significant improvements in education to enhance stakeholder participation, and increased funding to the National Park to allow for effective enforcement of the regulations. Increasing visitor fees is a potential source of new income to be used for park management and improving local resources, especially education. Close

• 215. [Article] Shifts in Microbial Communities Based Upon Transect Habitat

  Coral reef health has been in severe decline around the globe in the past several decades, in many cases due to direct human impact. Human action, such as overfishing, habitat destruction and nutrient ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Shifts in Microbial Communities Based Upon Transect Habitat Author: Greydanus, Logan Coral reef health has been in severe decline around the globe in the past several decades, in many cases due to direct human impact. Human action, such as overfishing, habitat destruction and nutrient loading, has caused coral coverage to drop to record lows, threatening the future of these critically important biodiversity hotspots. This study investigates the changes in microbial community along reef transects on the South Pacific island of Moorea. Samples were collected at three distinct habitats along reef transects: Fringing Reef, Back Reef, and Cresting Reef. Reef habitats were compared between three regions around the island: North, East and West. Results indicate that there is a significant difference in Bacterial and Archaeal (16S) species between the inner fringing reef habitat and the outer Cresting and Back reef habitats. This difference can consistently be seen across all regions sampled around Moorea. Comparison of the 16S communities based solely on region resulted in no significant difference, suggesting that the primary driver of microbial diversity is location on transect and not region. Based on these results, it appears the Bacterial and Archaeal communities are defined by the reef habitat they belong to and that these communities are not unique to region. Title: Shifts in Microbial Communities Based Upon Transect Habitat Author: Greydanus, Logan Coral reef health has been in severe decline around the globe in the past several decades, in many cases due to direct human impact. Human action, such as overfishing, habitat destruction and nutrient loading, has caused coral coverage to drop to record lows, threatening the future of these critically important biodiversity hotspots. This study investigates the changes in microbial community along reef transects on the South Pacific island of Moorea. Samples were collected at three distinct habitats along reef transects: Fringing Reef, Back Reef, and Cresting Reef. Reef habitats were compared between three regions around the island: North, East and West. Results indicate that there is a significant difference in Bacterial and Archaeal (16S) species between the inner fringing reef habitat and the outer Cresting and Back reef habitats. This difference can consistently be seen across all regions sampled around Moorea. Comparison of the 16S communities based solely on region resulted in no significant difference, suggesting that the primary driver of microbial diversity is location on transect and not region. Based on these results, it appears the Bacterial and Archaeal communities are defined by the reef habitat they belong to and that these communities are not unique to region. Close

• 216. [Article] Teaching Bird Identification & Vocabulary with Twitter

  This is the publisher’s final pdf. The article is copyrighted by National Association of Biology Teachers and published by University of California Press. It can be found at: http://abt.ucpress.edu/

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Teaching Bird Identification & Vocabulary with Twitter Author: Hallman, Tyler A., Robinson, W. Douglas This is the publisher’s final pdf. The article is copyrighted by National Association of Biology Teachers and published by University of California Press. It can be found at: http://abt.ucpress.edu/ Title: Teaching Bird Identification & Vocabulary with Twitter Author: Hallman, Tyler A., Robinson, W. Douglas This is the publisher’s final pdf. The article is copyrighted by National Association of Biology Teachers and published by University of California Press. It can be found at: http://abt.ucpress.edu/ Close

• 217. [Article] Populations of aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) with different evolutionary histories differ in their climate occupancy

  This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the author(s) and published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The published article can be found at: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/j...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Populations of aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) with different evolutionary histories differ in their climate occupancy Author: Roberts, Dar A., Howe, Glenn T., Still, Christopher, Greer, Burke T., Tague, Christina This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the author(s) and published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The published article can be found at: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/%28ISSN%292045-7758 Title: Populations of aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) with different evolutionary histories differ in their climate occupancy Author: Roberts, Dar A., Howe, Glenn T., Still, Christopher, Greer, Burke T., Tague, Christina This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the author(s) and published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The published article can be found at: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/%28ISSN%292045-7758 Close

• 218. [Article] Effects of nesting waterbirds on nutrient levels in mangroves, Gulf de Fonseca, Honduras

  Mangroves provide numerous ecosystem services, including biodiversity values such as nesting sites for piscivorous waterbirds. High concentrations of pisicivoirous birds are hypothesized to affect ecosystem ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Effects of nesting waterbirds on nutrient levels in mangroves, Gulf de Fonseca, Honduras Author: McFadden, Tyler Neal Mangroves provide numerous ecosystem services, including biodiversity values such as nesting sites for piscivorous waterbirds. High concentrations of pisicivoirous birds are hypothesized to affect ecosystem dynamics, yet few studies have examined their effects in mangroves. We examined the effects of nutrient enrichment by colonial waterbirds at a mangrove rookery in the Gulf of Fonseca, Honduras. We compared macronutrient levels in the vegetation and soils between two sites — a small island that hosted large numbers of roosting waterbirds and a nearby control site with little evidence of waterbird activity. Nest density at the rookery was 1721 ± 469 nests ha⁻¹. Mangrove community structure and ecosystem carbon stocks were quantified by measuring above and belowground biomass, downed wood, and soil carbon. The nutrient input via bird guano deposition was quantified at each site. Rookery birds deposited 7.2 ± 3.4 g m⁻² day⁻¹ guano dry weight. This large nutrient influx contributed to substantially higher concentrations of biologically important nutrients in the soil and mangrove leaves. These results suggest that colonial waterbirds may significantly impact mangrove ecology and productivity at local scales. Further research is needed to understand the effects of avian delivered nutrients on mangrove growth rates, nutrient export to adjacent waters, invertebrate communities, and mangrove associated fisheries. Title: Effects of nesting waterbirds on nutrient levels in mangroves, Gulf de Fonseca, Honduras Author: McFadden, Tyler Neal Mangroves provide numerous ecosystem services, including biodiversity values such as nesting sites for piscivorous waterbirds. High concentrations of pisicivoirous birds are hypothesized to affect ecosystem dynamics, yet few studies have examined their effects in mangroves. We examined the effects of nutrient enrichment by colonial waterbirds at a mangrove rookery in the Gulf of Fonseca, Honduras. We compared macronutrient levels in the vegetation and soils between two sites — a small island that hosted large numbers of roosting waterbirds and a nearby control site with little evidence of waterbird activity. Nest density at the rookery was 1721 ± 469 nests ha⁻¹. Mangrove community structure and ecosystem carbon stocks were quantified by measuring above and belowground biomass, downed wood, and soil carbon. The nutrient input via bird guano deposition was quantified at each site. Rookery birds deposited 7.2 ± 3.4 g m⁻² day⁻¹ guano dry weight. This large nutrient influx contributed to substantially higher concentrations of biologically important nutrients in the soil and mangrove leaves. These results suggest that colonial waterbirds may significantly impact mangrove ecology and productivity at local scales. Further research is needed to understand the effects of avian delivered nutrients on mangrove growth rates, nutrient export to adjacent waters, invertebrate communities, and mangrove associated fisheries. Close

• 219. [Article] Effects of ocean acidification on growth rate, calcified tissue, and behavior of the juvenile ochre sea star, Pisaster ochraceus.

  Anthropogenically-induced increases in the acidity of the ocean have the potential to seriously harm marine calcifying organisms by decreasing the availability of carbonate (CO32−) used to make shells. ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Effects of ocean acidification on growth rate, calcified tissue, and behavior of the juvenile ochre sea star, Pisaster ochraceus. Author: Britsch, Melissa L Anthropogenically-induced increases in the acidity of the ocean have the potential to seriously harm marine calcifying organisms by decreasing the availability of carbonate (CO32−) used to make shells. I tested the effects of lowered pH on juvenile Pisaster ochraceus, an intertidal sea star and keystone predator in the eastern Pacific Ocean. Populations of P. ochraceus were greatly reduced by outbreaks of sea star wasting disease, which has the potential to alter community structure and lower biodiversity in the intertidal region. However, large numbers of juvenile P. ochraceus have recruited to the rocky intertidal and their ability to persist will be important for the recovery of P. ochraceus populations. To test the effects of pH, I studied the growth rate, calcification, righting time, and movement and prey-sensing ability in the PISCO laboratory mesocosm at Hatfield Marine Science Center. The results of the experiments showed non-significant trends towards a negative effect of pH on growth rate and righting time. Few studies have been done on the effects of pH on sea stars and the results are highly species-specific. Additional research is needed clarify and make accurate predictions about the effects of pH on juvenile P. ochraceus. Title: Effects of ocean acidification on growth rate, calcified tissue, and behavior of the juvenile ochre sea star, Pisaster ochraceus. Author: Britsch, Melissa L Anthropogenically-induced increases in the acidity of the ocean have the potential to seriously harm marine calcifying organisms by decreasing the availability of carbonate (CO32−) used to make shells. I tested the effects of lowered pH on juvenile Pisaster ochraceus, an intertidal sea star and keystone predator in the eastern Pacific Ocean. Populations of P. ochraceus were greatly reduced by outbreaks of sea star wasting disease, which has the potential to alter community structure and lower biodiversity in the intertidal region. However, large numbers of juvenile P. ochraceus have recruited to the rocky intertidal and their ability to persist will be important for the recovery of P. ochraceus populations. To test the effects of pH, I studied the growth rate, calcification, righting time, and movement and prey-sensing ability in the PISCO laboratory mesocosm at Hatfield Marine Science Center. The results of the experiments showed non-significant trends towards a negative effect of pH on growth rate and righting time. Few studies have been done on the effects of pH on sea stars and the results are highly species-specific. Additional research is needed clarify and make accurate predictions about the effects of pH on juvenile P. ochraceus. Close

• 220. [Article] Skipjack, yellowfin and bigeye tuna allocation within a game theoretic framework

  Abstract only.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Skipjack, yellowfin and bigeye tuna allocation within a game theoretic framework Author: Sumaila, U. Rashid, Bailey, Megan Abstract only. Title: Skipjack, yellowfin and bigeye tuna allocation within a game theoretic framework Author: Sumaila, U. Rashid, Bailey, Megan Abstract only. Close

• 221. [Article] An evaluation of the resources of the Mosquitia Region of Honduras by means of Remote Sensing and GIS

  The Mosquitia Region of Honduras is part of the largest wilderness area in Central America. In terms of biodiversity the area is rich in ecosystems including pine savannas, tropical rain forests, and wetlands. ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: An evaluation of the resources of the Mosquitia Region of Honduras by means of Remote Sensing and GIS Author: Torres, Juan Carlos The Mosquitia Region of Honduras is part of the largest wilderness area in Central America. In terms of biodiversity the area is rich in ecosystems including pine savannas, tropical rain forests, and wetlands. These ecosystems are rich in millions of species including rare and endangered. Honduras faces an economic, social, and political crisis without precedent in its history. A lot of the crisis has to do with resource allocation and land tenure. Most of the land well suited for agriculture is concentrated in a few hands. The Mosquitia Region is seen as the last frontier by thousands of landless farmers coming from the poor and eroded lands of southern Honduras. This study evaluates the impact of deforestation due to subsistence and extensive agriculture in the areas around and inside the Mosquitia Region by means of remote sensing and GIS. A change detection analysis is carried out for the years of 1965, 1986-89, and 1995 using land use maps, topographic maps, and LANDSAT TM data. In addition the study examines the relationship between proximity to rivers and deforestation. The study concludes that significant and accelerated change is taking place in the study region, and that there is a linear relationship between proximity to rivers and deforestation. Title: An evaluation of the resources of the Mosquitia Region of Honduras by means of Remote Sensing and GIS Author: Torres, Juan Carlos The Mosquitia Region of Honduras is part of the largest wilderness area in Central America. In terms of biodiversity the area is rich in ecosystems including pine savannas, tropical rain forests, and wetlands. These ecosystems are rich in millions of species including rare and endangered. Honduras faces an economic, social, and political crisis without precedent in its history. A lot of the crisis has to do with resource allocation and land tenure. Most of the land well suited for agriculture is concentrated in a few hands. The Mosquitia Region is seen as the last frontier by thousands of landless farmers coming from the poor and eroded lands of southern Honduras. This study evaluates the impact of deforestation due to subsistence and extensive agriculture in the areas around and inside the Mosquitia Region by means of remote sensing and GIS. A change detection analysis is carried out for the years of 1965, 1986-89, and 1995 using land use maps, topographic maps, and LANDSAT TM data. In addition the study examines the relationship between proximity to rivers and deforestation. The study concludes that significant and accelerated change is taking place in the study region, and that there is a linear relationship between proximity to rivers and deforestation. Close

• 222. [Article] Economic Costs of Shrimp Culture in Coastal Bangladesh

  Abstract only.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Economic Costs of Shrimp Culture in Coastal Bangladesh Author: Rahman, Aminur Abstract only. Title: Economic Costs of Shrimp Culture in Coastal Bangladesh Author: Rahman, Aminur Abstract only. Close

• 223. [Article] New North American truffles (Tuber spp.) and their ectomycorrhizal associations

  To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by The Mycological ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: New North American truffles (Tuber spp.) and their ectomycorrhizal associations Author: Healy, Rosanne A., Vilgalys, Rytas, Bonito, Gregory, Guevara, Gonzalo, Schadt, Christopher, Williams, Gwendolyn, Trappe, James M., Cazares, Efren To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by The Mycological Society of America and can be found at: http://www.msafungi.org/. Title: New North American truffles (Tuber spp.) and their ectomycorrhizal associations Author: Healy, Rosanne A., Vilgalys, Rytas, Bonito, Gregory, Guevara, Gonzalo, Schadt, Christopher, Williams, Gwendolyn, Trappe, James M., Cazares, Efren To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by The Mycological Society of America and can be found at: http://www.msafungi.org/. Close

• 224. [Article] Under the Sea: An evaluation of the establishment and continued effectiveness of the Galápagos National Park and Marine Reserve in Ecuador

  Conservation of natural resources has become a new watchword of the scientific community. While many terrestrial ecosystems are well protected, marine ecosystems have only recently come to the forefront. ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Under the Sea: An evaluation of the establishment and continued effectiveness of the Galápagos National Park and Marine Reserve in Ecuador Author: Asson, Danielle C. Conservation of natural resources has become a new watchword of the scientific community. While many terrestrial ecosystems are well protected, marine ecosystems have only recently come to the forefront. Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) have been introduced as a means of protecting biodiversity, commercial stocks, and ecosystem services. There are many social, ecological, and economic considerations to be addressed for a marine reserve to be effective from a biological and social perspective. In 1998 the Special Law of the Galápagos created the Galápagos Marine Reserve, and instituted a participatory management scheme for local and governmental cooperation in management. The foundations of the Special Law are strong, however many problems plague the islands, including rapid growth of the population and the tourism industry, and a great deal of non-compliance with reserve regulations in the form of violent protests and illegal fisheries. Feelings of legitimacy must be fostered among the local populations through significant improvements in education to enhance stakeholder participation, and increased funding to the National Park to allow for effective enforcement of the regulations. Increasing visitor fees is a potential source of new income to be used for park management and improving local resources, especially education. Title: Under the Sea: An evaluation of the establishment and continued effectiveness of the Galápagos National Park and Marine Reserve in Ecuador Author: Asson, Danielle C. Conservation of natural resources has become a new watchword of the scientific community. While many terrestrial ecosystems are well protected, marine ecosystems have only recently come to the forefront. Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) have been introduced as a means of protecting biodiversity, commercial stocks, and ecosystem services. There are many social, ecological, and economic considerations to be addressed for a marine reserve to be effective from a biological and social perspective. In 1998 the Special Law of the Galápagos created the Galápagos Marine Reserve, and instituted a participatory management scheme for local and governmental cooperation in management. The foundations of the Special Law are strong, however many problems plague the islands, including rapid growth of the population and the tourism industry, and a great deal of non-compliance with reserve regulations in the form of violent protests and illegal fisheries. Feelings of legitimacy must be fostered among the local populations through significant improvements in education to enhance stakeholder participation, and increased funding to the National Park to allow for effective enforcement of the regulations. Increasing visitor fees is a potential source of new income to be used for park management and improving local resources, especially education. Close

• 225. [Article] Ecological foot print of the postharvest losses in Tuna industry: A case of Sri Lanka

  presentation

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Ecological foot print of the postharvest losses in Tuna industry: A case of Sri Lanka Author: Amaralal, Lalith, Jayasooriya, Niroshan, De Silva, Achini, Trondsen, Torbjorn presentation Title: Ecological foot print of the postharvest losses in Tuna industry: A case of Sri Lanka Author: Amaralal, Lalith, Jayasooriya, Niroshan, De Silva, Achini, Trondsen, Torbjorn presentation Close

• 226. [Article] Will third party certification provide benefits to Australian domestic fisheries?

  Research Paper and Presentation

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Will third party certification provide benefits to Australian domestic fisheries? Author: Sen, Sevaly Research Paper and Presentation Title: Will third party certification provide benefits to Australian domestic fisheries? Author: Sen, Sevaly Research Paper and Presentation Close

• 227. [Article] Licensed to Kill: Can we use Quota Markets to Conserve Seabirds?

  presentation

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Licensed to Kill: Can we use Quota Markets to Conserve Seabirds? Author: Pascoe, Sean presentation Title: Licensed to Kill: Can we use Quota Markets to Conserve Seabirds? Author: Pascoe, Sean presentation Close

• 228. [Article] Herbivores and nutrients control grassland plant diversity via light limitation

  To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the Nature ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Herbivores and nutrients control grassland plant diversity via light limitation Author: Gruner, Daniel S., O'Halloran, Lydia R., Borer, Elizabeth T., et al., Seabloom, Eric W. To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the Nature Publishing Group and can be found at: http://www.nature.com/nature/index.html. Title: Herbivores and nutrients control grassland plant diversity via light limitation Author: Gruner, Daniel S., O'Halloran, Lydia R., Borer, Elizabeth T., et al., Seabloom, Eric W. To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the Nature Publishing Group and can be found at: http://www.nature.com/nature/index.html. Close

• 229. [Article] Beyond a Government-the-Hunter Paradigm: Challenging Government Policies on Deer in a Critical Ecological Era

  48 pages

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Beyond a Government-the-Hunter Paradigm: Challenging Government Policies on Deer in a Critical Ecological Era Author: Hall, Lee Year: 2015 48 pages Title: Beyond a Government-the-Hunter Paradigm: Challenging Government Policies on Deer in a Critical Ecological Era Author: Hall, Lee Year: 2015 48 pages Close

• 230. [Article] A novel myxozoan parasite of terrestrial mammals: description of Soricimyxum minuti sp n. (Myxosporea) in pygmy shrew Sorex minutus from Hungary

  This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre CAS and can be found at: http://folia.paru.cas.cz/

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: A novel myxozoan parasite of terrestrial mammals: description of Soricimyxum minuti sp n. (Myxosporea) in pygmy shrew Sorex minutus from Hungary Author: Székely, Csaba, Cech, Gábor, Atkinson, Stephen D., Gubányi, András, Egyed, László, Molnár, Kálmán This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre CAS and can be found at: http://folia.paru.cas.cz/ Title: A novel myxozoan parasite of terrestrial mammals: description of Soricimyxum minuti sp n. (Myxosporea) in pygmy shrew Sorex minutus from Hungary Author: Székely, Csaba, Cech, Gábor, Atkinson, Stephen D., Gubányi, András, Egyed, László, Molnár, Kálmán This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre CAS and can be found at: http://folia.paru.cas.cz/ Close

• 231. [Article] Historical and Existing Vascular and Bryophyte Flora, Former Blue Heron Paper Mill, Willamette Falls, Oregon City, Oregon: Technical Memo to Metro

  Submitted August 2015

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Historical and Existing Vascular and Bryophyte Flora, Former Blue Heron Paper Mill, Willamette Falls, Oregon City, Oregon: Technical Memo to Metro Author: Christy, John A., Gaddis, Philip K. Submitted August 2015 Title: Historical and Existing Vascular and Bryophyte Flora, Former Blue Heron Paper Mill, Willamette Falls, Oregon City, Oregon: Technical Memo to Metro Author: Christy, John A., Gaddis, Philip K. Submitted August 2015 Close

• 232. [Article] Managing fire-prone forests in the western United States

  The management of fire-prone forests is one of the most controversial natural resource issues in the US today, particularly in the west of the country. Although vegetation and wildlife in these forests ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Managing fire-prone forests in the western United States Author: Schoennagel, Tania, Baker, William L., Moyle, Peter B., Noss, Reed F., Franklin, Jerry F. The management of fire-prone forests is one of the most controversial natural resource issues in the US today, particularly in the west of the country. Although vegetation and wildlife in these forests are adapted to fire, the historical range of fire frequency and severity was huge. When fire regimes are altered by human activity, major effects on biodiversity and ecosystem function are unavoidable. We review the ecological science relevant to developing and implementing fire and fuel management policies for forests before, during, and after wildfires. Fire exclusion led to major deviations from historical variability in many dry, low-elevation forests, but not in other forests, such as those characterized by high severity fires recurring at intervals longer than the period of active fire exclusion. Restoration and management of fire-prone forests should be precautionary, allow or mimic natural fire regimes as much as possible, and generally avoid intensive practices such as post-fire logging and planting. Title: Managing fire-prone forests in the western United States Author: Schoennagel, Tania, Baker, William L., Moyle, Peter B., Noss, Reed F., Franklin, Jerry F. The management of fire-prone forests is one of the most controversial natural resource issues in the US today, particularly in the west of the country. Although vegetation and wildlife in these forests are adapted to fire, the historical range of fire frequency and severity was huge. When fire regimes are altered by human activity, major effects on biodiversity and ecosystem function are unavoidable. We review the ecological science relevant to developing and implementing fire and fuel management policies for forests before, during, and after wildfires. Fire exclusion led to major deviations from historical variability in many dry, low-elevation forests, but not in other forests, such as those characterized by high severity fires recurring at intervals longer than the period of active fire exclusion. Restoration and management of fire-prone forests should be precautionary, allow or mimic natural fire regimes as much as possible, and generally avoid intensive practices such as post-fire logging and planting. Close

• 233. [Article] The Generation Challenge Programme Platform: Semantic Standards and Workbench for Crop Science

  This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the author(s) and published by Hindawi Publishing Corporation. The published article can be found at: http://www.hindawi.com/j...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Generation Challenge Programme Platform: Semantic Standards and Workbench for Crop Science Author: Davenport, Guy, Senger, Martin, Bruskiewich, Richard, et al., Jaiswal, Pankaj This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the author(s) and published by Hindawi Publishing Corporation. The published article can be found at: http://www.hindawi.com/journals/ijpg/. Title: The Generation Challenge Programme Platform: Semantic Standards and Workbench for Crop Science Author: Davenport, Guy, Senger, Martin, Bruskiewich, Richard, et al., Jaiswal, Pankaj This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the author(s) and published by Hindawi Publishing Corporation. The published article can be found at: http://www.hindawi.com/journals/ijpg/. Close

• 234. [Article] Rare, threatened, and endangered species of Oregon

  ORNHIC maintains extensive databases of Oregon biodiversity, concentrating on rare and endangered plants, animals and ecosystems. The program is managed by OSU, but has been a cooperative project, with ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Rare, threatened, and endangered species of Oregon Author: Institute for Natural Resources, Oregon Natural Heritage Information Center ORNHIC maintains extensive databases of Oregon biodiversity, concentrating on rare and endangered plants, animals and ecosystems. The program is managed by OSU, but has been a cooperative project, with significant support from The Department of State Lands, The Nature Conservancy in Oregon, USFWS, the Bureau of Land Management (BLM), the U.S. Forest Service (USFS), and the Oregon Watershed Enhancement Board. Biologists working for these agencies, together with the state's herbaria and museums, provide most of the information that comprise ORNHIC's databases. This booklet has been compiled using the most current information available on the distribution and abundance of plants and animals native to Oregon. Although based on a large volume of information, it is by no means complete. Much is known about some species, very little about others. ORNHIC welcomes additional information or recommendations regarding any of the taxa listed herein. Title: Rare, threatened, and endangered species of Oregon Author: Institute for Natural Resources, Oregon Natural Heritage Information Center ORNHIC maintains extensive databases of Oregon biodiversity, concentrating on rare and endangered plants, animals and ecosystems. The program is managed by OSU, but has been a cooperative project, with significant support from The Department of State Lands, The Nature Conservancy in Oregon, USFWS, the Bureau of Land Management (BLM), the U.S. Forest Service (USFS), and the Oregon Watershed Enhancement Board. Biologists working for these agencies, together with the state's herbaria and museums, provide most of the information that comprise ORNHIC's databases. This booklet has been compiled using the most current information available on the distribution and abundance of plants and animals native to Oregon. Although based on a large volume of information, it is by no means complete. Much is known about some species, very little about others. ORNHIC welcomes additional information or recommendations regarding any of the taxa listed herein. Close

• 235. [Article] Engendering the Metabolic Rift: A Feminist Political Ecology of Agrofuels

  This thesis analyzes the gendered impacts of plant-based alternatives to petroleum, commonly called biofuels. Synthesizing case studies, scientific research and policies papers, this theoretical work adopts ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Engendering the Metabolic Rift: A Feminist Political Ecology of Agrofuels Author: Dockstader, Sue Year: 2012 This thesis analyzes the gendered impacts of plant-based alternatives to petroleum, commonly called biofuels. Synthesizing case studies, scientific research and policies papers, this theoretical work adopts the term “agrofuels” coined by the peasant organization La Vía Campesina to reflect the true nature of these commodities – one of dispossession and ecological destruction. This paper documents the falsity of the claim that the fuels are “sustainable” by presenting facts linking them to deforestation, loss and pollution of water sources, destruction of important biodiversity and the knowledge that maintains this diversity, as well as economic exploitation. Most importantly, I verify that the adoption of agrofuel expansion exacerbates gendered patterns of exclusion and, in most cases, worsens women’s positions within the communities targeted for feedstock production with regard to land tenure, household energy maintenance, independent income and physical integrity. Title: Engendering the Metabolic Rift: A Feminist Political Ecology of Agrofuels Author: Dockstader, Sue Year: 2012 This thesis analyzes the gendered impacts of plant-based alternatives to petroleum, commonly called biofuels. Synthesizing case studies, scientific research and policies papers, this theoretical work adopts the term “agrofuels” coined by the peasant organization La Vía Campesina to reflect the true nature of these commodities – one of dispossession and ecological destruction. This paper documents the falsity of the claim that the fuels are “sustainable” by presenting facts linking them to deforestation, loss and pollution of water sources, destruction of important biodiversity and the knowledge that maintains this diversity, as well as economic exploitation. Most importantly, I verify that the adoption of agrofuel expansion exacerbates gendered patterns of exclusion and, in most cases, worsens women’s positions within the communities targeted for feedstock production with regard to land tenure, household energy maintenance, independent income and physical integrity. Close

• 236. [Article] Risk to Maintenance-Dependent Species from Orthodoxy in Species-Based Land-Use Regulation

  270 pages

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Risk to Maintenance-Dependent Species from Orthodoxy in Species-Based Land-Use Regulation Author: Novick, Adam Year: 2013 270 pages Title: Risk to Maintenance-Dependent Species from Orthodoxy in Species-Based Land-Use Regulation Author: Novick, Adam Year: 2013 270 pages Close

• 237. [Article] Jim's Creek savanna restoration environmental assessment

  229 p. Figures, maps, tables, and references. Sections 1, 2, 11, and 12, T.24 S, R.3 E. Captured April 25, 2007.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Jim's Creek savanna restoration environmental assessment Author: Willamette National Forest (Agency : U.S.) Year: 2008, 2006 229 p. Figures, maps, tables, and references. Sections 1, 2, 11, and 12, T.24 S, R.3 E. Captured April 25, 2007. Title: Jim's Creek savanna restoration environmental assessment Author: Willamette National Forest (Agency : U.S.) Year: 2008, 2006 229 p. Figures, maps, tables, and references. Sections 1, 2, 11, and 12, T.24 S, R.3 E. Captured April 25, 2007. Close

• 238. [Article] Evolution and Evaluation of a Non-Governmental Organization in Southeastern Madagascar: A Case Study of Azafady

  viii, 124 p. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Evolution and Evaluation of a Non-Governmental Organization in Southeastern Madagascar: A Case Study of Azafady Author: Menard, Nicole L. Year: 2008 viii, 124 p. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number. Title: Evolution and Evaluation of a Non-Governmental Organization in Southeastern Madagascar: A Case Study of Azafady Author: Menard, Nicole L. Year: 2008 viii, 124 p. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number. Close

• 239. [Article] Con Dao National Park Ecotourism Management and Environmental Education Proposal

  This management proposal is intended to establish guidelines for the design, development, management, and marketing of ecotourism and environmental education activities, attractions, and facilities in ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Con Dao National Park Ecotourism Management and Environmental Education Proposal Author: Ringer, Gregory D., 1951-, Robinson, Alan Year: 2006, 1999 This management proposal is intended to establish guidelines for the design, development, management, and marketing of ecotourism and environmental education activities, attractions, and facilities in Con Dao National Park and Con Dao District, in southern Viet Nam. As such, it provides specific recommendations and policies for developing and managing ecotourism and environmental education as tools for sustainable biodiversity conservation in the marine and terrestrial areas of CDNP, and for sustainable community development for the people of Con Dao island and by extension, the Greater Mekong Subregion. The major objective of this Ecotourism and Environmental Education Management Proposal is to create a flexible framework in which ecotourism and environmental education are viewed as part of a comprehensive planning and management process for Con Dao District and the National Park. Title: Con Dao National Park Ecotourism Management and Environmental Education Proposal Author: Ringer, Gregory D., 1951-, Robinson, Alan Year: 2006, 1999 This management proposal is intended to establish guidelines for the design, development, management, and marketing of ecotourism and environmental education activities, attractions, and facilities in Con Dao National Park and Con Dao District, in southern Viet Nam. As such, it provides specific recommendations and policies for developing and managing ecotourism and environmental education as tools for sustainable biodiversity conservation in the marine and terrestrial areas of CDNP, and for sustainable community development for the people of Con Dao island and by extension, the Greater Mekong Subregion. The major objective of this Ecotourism and Environmental Education Management Proposal is to create a flexible framework in which ecotourism and environmental education are viewed as part of a comprehensive planning and management process for Con Dao District and the National Park. Close

• 240. [Article] Stability and complexity : a reappraisal of the Competitive Exclusion Principle

  Elton (1927) realized that, intuitively at least, nature was complex and stable. And that the last property contributed to the first. This idea was challenged mathematically by Gardner and Ashby (1970) ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Stability and complexity : a reappraisal of the Competitive Exclusion Principle Author: Duran, Israel N. Elton (1927) realized that, intuitively at least, nature was complex and stable. And that the last property contributed to the first. This idea was challenged mathematically by Gardner and Ashby (1970) and May (1972), and in the years following various models have attempted to reconcile these opposing views. Unlike previous mathematical approaches that demonstrated that simple stable systems are destabilized through added complexity, the approach presented herein began with a model that was unstable. This perspective provided allows model complexity and at the same time increased likelihood of mathematically stable. This novel observation suggested that ecosystem complication might stabilize a community. Within these models a system may be stable despite the coexistence of several competitors, in direct opposition to the Competitive Exclusion Principle. The hypothesis that the principle may not hold as an absolute generality beyond two competitors is proposed. This paradox may be explained by (1) interactions between competitors, (2) a keystone predator, or (3) a combination of the first two factors. Title: Stability and complexity : a reappraisal of the Competitive Exclusion Principle Author: Duran, Israel N. Elton (1927) realized that, intuitively at least, nature was complex and stable. And that the last property contributed to the first. This idea was challenged mathematically by Gardner and Ashby (1970) and May (1972), and in the years following various models have attempted to reconcile these opposing views. Unlike previous mathematical approaches that demonstrated that simple stable systems are destabilized through added complexity, the approach presented herein began with a model that was unstable. This perspective provided allows model complexity and at the same time increased likelihood of mathematically stable. This novel observation suggested that ecosystem complication might stabilize a community. Within these models a system may be stable despite the coexistence of several competitors, in direct opposition to the Competitive Exclusion Principle. The hypothesis that the principle may not hold as an absolute generality beyond two competitors is proposed. This paradox may be explained by (1) interactions between competitors, (2) a keystone predator, or (3) a combination of the first two factors. Close

• 241. [Article] Cephalopod Biodiversity in the Vicinity of Bear Seamount, Western North Atlantic Based on Exploratory Trawling From 2000 to 2014

  Bear Seamount (BSM) is the most inshore seamount in the New England Seamount chain. It is located within the U.S. Exclusive Economic Zone and is contained within the recently established Northeast Canyons ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Cephalopod Biodiversity in the Vicinity of Bear Seamount, Western North Atlantic Based on Exploratory Trawling From 2000 to 2014 Author: Shea, Elizabeth K., Judkins, Heather, Staudinger, Michelle D., Dimkovikj, Valerie H. Year: 2017 Bear Seamount (BSM) is the most inshore seamount in the New England Seamount chain. It is located within the U.S. Exclusive Economic Zone and is contained within the recently established Northeast Canyons and Seamounts Marine National Monument. In 2000, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA) National Systematics Laboratory began an exploratory trawling program to document nekton diversity at BSM and its vicinity. Here, we summarize eight exploratory sampling cruises conducted between 2000 and 2014, and describe the cephalopod biodiversity and assemblage structure around BSM. Over the course of 174 deep–midwater and 56 bottom tows, 5088 cephalopods were identified, measured, and documented. In total, 77 species were collected at BSM; 75 species were collected from midwater tows and 28 from benthic tows. Rarefaction curves did not reach an asymptote, suggesting that additional sampling will collect more species. Seventeen species accounted for 75% of the total midwater and bottom catch, including: Illex illecebrosus (n = 605), Magnoteuthis magna (n = 568), Abraliopsis morisii (n = 518), Abralia redfieldi (n = 358), Mastigoteuthis agassizii (n = 336), Histioteuthis reversa (n = 273), Taonius pavo (n = 239), Haliphron atlanticus (n = 195), Brachioteuthis beanii (n = 160), Ornithoteuthis antillarum (n = 153), Pterygioteuthis gemmata (n = 141), Pyroteuthis margaritifera (n = 120), Vampyroteuthis infernalis (n = 101), Chiroteuthis veranyi (n = 33), Bolitaena pygmaea (n = 30), Graneledone verrucosa (n = 11), and Stauroteuthis syrtensis (n = 29). Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) of significant analysis of similarity (ANOSIM) results showed that the 2000 cruise was different from other years, meteorological winter was different from other seasons, and that day and night shallow samples were different from each other and all other depths. Based on seasonal size variation in the most abundant taxa, we propose hypotheses of year-round, winter, and spring spawning for future critical assessment. This extensive description of the offshore cephalopod assemblage may be used to assess vulnerability to future environmental changes and human activities. Title: Cephalopod Biodiversity in the Vicinity of Bear Seamount, Western North Atlantic Based on Exploratory Trawling From 2000 to 2014 Author: Shea, Elizabeth K., Judkins, Heather, Staudinger, Michelle D., Dimkovikj, Valerie H. Year: 2017 Bear Seamount (BSM) is the most inshore seamount in the New England Seamount chain. It is located within the U.S. Exclusive Economic Zone and is contained within the recently established Northeast Canyons and Seamounts Marine National Monument. In 2000, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA) National Systematics Laboratory began an exploratory trawling program to document nekton diversity at BSM and its vicinity. Here, we summarize eight exploratory sampling cruises conducted between 2000 and 2014, and describe the cephalopod biodiversity and assemblage structure around BSM. Over the course of 174 deep–midwater and 56 bottom tows, 5088 cephalopods were identified, measured, and documented. In total, 77 species were collected at BSM; 75 species were collected from midwater tows and 28 from benthic tows. Rarefaction curves did not reach an asymptote, suggesting that additional sampling will collect more species. Seventeen species accounted for 75% of the total midwater and bottom catch, including: Illex illecebrosus (n = 605), Magnoteuthis magna (n = 568), Abraliopsis morisii (n = 518), Abralia redfieldi (n = 358), Mastigoteuthis agassizii (n = 336), Histioteuthis reversa (n = 273), Taonius pavo (n = 239), Haliphron atlanticus (n = 195), Brachioteuthis beanii (n = 160), Ornithoteuthis antillarum (n = 153), Pterygioteuthis gemmata (n = 141), Pyroteuthis margaritifera (n = 120), Vampyroteuthis infernalis (n = 101), Chiroteuthis veranyi (n = 33), Bolitaena pygmaea (n = 30), Graneledone verrucosa (n = 11), and Stauroteuthis syrtensis (n = 29). Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) of significant analysis of similarity (ANOSIM) results showed that the 2000 cruise was different from other years, meteorological winter was different from other seasons, and that day and night shallow samples were different from each other and all other depths. Based on seasonal size variation in the most abundant taxa, we propose hypotheses of year-round, winter, and spring spawning for future critical assessment. This extensive description of the offshore cephalopod assemblage may be used to assess vulnerability to future environmental changes and human activities. Close

• 242. [Article] Understory Diversity and Succession on Coarse Woody Debris in a Coastal, Old-growth Forest, Oregon

  This research examines the relationship between understory plant diversity and logs in a Pacific Northwest (PNW) Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis)-western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla) old-growth, coastal ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Understory Diversity and Succession on Coarse Woody Debris in a Coastal, Old-growth Forest, Oregon Author: Mcdonald, Shannon Lee Year: 2013 This research examines the relationship between understory plant diversity and logs in a Pacific Northwest (PNW) Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis)-western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla) old-growth, coastal forest. These forests are renowned for their high forest productivity, frequent wind storms, and slow log decomposition rates that produce unmatched accumulations of coarse woody debris (CWD) yet few studies have examined the relationship between CWD and understory vegetation ecology. My research addressed this topic by comparing understory plant census data between paired fallen log and forest floor sites (n=20 pairs). My objectives were to: 1) determine the influence of substrate type on community composition and diversity, and 2) examine successional pathways and species assemblage patterns on CWD in various stages of decomposition. To meet these objectives I employed non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) ordinations and unsupervised cluster analyses to identify and compare community assemblages on both substrates. These methods revealed similar species diversity and evenness between log and forest floor sites with compositional differences within and between substrates corresponding to habitat availability for colonization and light and moisture gradients. My results also suggest understory successional pathways related to decay class and characterized by an initial abundance of bryophytes, forbs, and seedlings followed by woody shrubs. Understory communities developing on logs also experienced increasing diversity, evenness, and divergence from forest floor communities consistent with log decomposition. These results differ from findings for boreal forests that reveal increasing similarity between substrate communities with increasing decay class. Recommendations for future research include the employment of a more robust sample size and direct measurements of environmental variables. Additional comparator studies are also needed to confirm the effects of forest type and decomposition on the relationship between CWD and forest understory communities. This study demonstrates how fine-scale wind disturbance fosters biodiversity through the creation of CWD substrate. My results and future research are essential for the development of silvicultural models designed to promote biodiversity in PNW coastal forests. Title: Understory Diversity and Succession on Coarse Woody Debris in a Coastal, Old-growth Forest, Oregon Author: Mcdonald, Shannon Lee Year: 2013 This research examines the relationship between understory plant diversity and logs in a Pacific Northwest (PNW) Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis)-western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla) old-growth, coastal forest. These forests are renowned for their high forest productivity, frequent wind storms, and slow log decomposition rates that produce unmatched accumulations of coarse woody debris (CWD) yet few studies have examined the relationship between CWD and understory vegetation ecology. My research addressed this topic by comparing understory plant census data between paired fallen log and forest floor sites (n=20 pairs). My objectives were to: 1) determine the influence of substrate type on community composition and diversity, and 2) examine successional pathways and species assemblage patterns on CWD in various stages of decomposition. To meet these objectives I employed non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) ordinations and unsupervised cluster analyses to identify and compare community assemblages on both substrates. These methods revealed similar species diversity and evenness between log and forest floor sites with compositional differences within and between substrates corresponding to habitat availability for colonization and light and moisture gradients. My results also suggest understory successional pathways related to decay class and characterized by an initial abundance of bryophytes, forbs, and seedlings followed by woody shrubs. Understory communities developing on logs also experienced increasing diversity, evenness, and divergence from forest floor communities consistent with log decomposition. These results differ from findings for boreal forests that reveal increasing similarity between substrate communities with increasing decay class. Recommendations for future research include the employment of a more robust sample size and direct measurements of environmental variables. Additional comparator studies are also needed to confirm the effects of forest type and decomposition on the relationship between CWD and forest understory communities. This study demonstrates how fine-scale wind disturbance fosters biodiversity through the creation of CWD substrate. My results and future research are essential for the development of silvicultural models designed to promote biodiversity in PNW coastal forests. Close

• 243. [Article] Exploring, Exploiting and Evolving Diversity of Aquatic Ecosystem Models: a Community Perspective

  Here, we present a community perspective on how to explore, exploit and evolve the diversity in aquatic ecosystem models. These models play an important role in understanding the functioning of aquatic ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Exploring, Exploiting and Evolving Diversity of Aquatic Ecosystem Models: a Community Perspective Author: Janssen, Annette B.G., Arhonditsis, George B., Beusen, Arthur, Bolding, Karsten, Bruce, Louise, Bruggeman, Jorn, Couture, Raoul-Marie, Downing, Andrea S., Elliott, J. Alex, Frassl, Marieke A., Gal, Gideon, Gerla, Daan J., Hipsey, Matthew R., Hu, Fenjuan, Ives, Stephen C., Janse, Jan H., Jeppesen, Erik, Jöhnk, Klaus D., Kneis, David, Kong, Xiangzhen, Kuiper, Jan J., Lehmann, Moritz K., Lemmen, Carsten, Özkundakci, Deniz, Petzoldt, Thomas, Rinke, Karsten, Robson, Barbara J., Sachse, René, Schep, Sebastiaan A., Schmid, Martin, Scholten, Huub, Teurlincx, Sven, Trolle, Dennis, Troost, Tineke A., Van Dam, Anne A., Van Gerven, Luuk P.A., Weijerman, Mariska, Wells, Scott A., Mooij, Wolf M. Year: 2015 Here, we present a community perspective on how to explore, exploit and evolve the diversity in aquatic ecosystem models. These models play an important role in understanding the functioning of aquatic ecosystems, filling in observation gaps and developing effective strategies for water quality management. In this spirit, numerous models have been developed since the 1970s. We set off to explore model diversity by making an inventory among 42 aquatic ecosystem modellers, by categorizing the resulting set of models and by analysing them for diversity. We then focus on how to exploit model diversity by comparing and combining different aspects of existing models. Finally, we discuss how model diversity came about in the past and could evolve in the future. Throughout our study, we use analogies from biodiversity research to analyse and interpret model diversity. We recommend to make models publicly available through open-source policies, to standardize documentation and technical implementation of models, and to compare models through ensemble modelling and interdisciplinary approaches. We end with our perspective on how the field of aquatic ecosystem modelling might develop in the next 5–10 years. To strive for clarity and to improve readability for non-modellers, we include a glossary. Title: Exploring, Exploiting and Evolving Diversity of Aquatic Ecosystem Models: a Community Perspective Author: Janssen, Annette B.G., Arhonditsis, George B., Beusen, Arthur, Bolding, Karsten, Bruce, Louise, Bruggeman, Jorn, Couture, Raoul-Marie, Downing, Andrea S., Elliott, J. Alex, Frassl, Marieke A., Gal, Gideon, Gerla, Daan J., Hipsey, Matthew R., Hu, Fenjuan, Ives, Stephen C., Janse, Jan H., Jeppesen, Erik, Jöhnk, Klaus D., Kneis, David, Kong, Xiangzhen, Kuiper, Jan J., Lehmann, Moritz K., Lemmen, Carsten, Özkundakci, Deniz, Petzoldt, Thomas, Rinke, Karsten, Robson, Barbara J., Sachse, René, Schep, Sebastiaan A., Schmid, Martin, Scholten, Huub, Teurlincx, Sven, Trolle, Dennis, Troost, Tineke A., Van Dam, Anne A., Van Gerven, Luuk P.A., Weijerman, Mariska, Wells, Scott A., Mooij, Wolf M. Year: 2015 Here, we present a community perspective on how to explore, exploit and evolve the diversity in aquatic ecosystem models. These models play an important role in understanding the functioning of aquatic ecosystems, filling in observation gaps and developing effective strategies for water quality management. In this spirit, numerous models have been developed since the 1970s. We set off to explore model diversity by making an inventory among 42 aquatic ecosystem modellers, by categorizing the resulting set of models and by analysing them for diversity. We then focus on how to exploit model diversity by comparing and combining different aspects of existing models. Finally, we discuss how model diversity came about in the past and could evolve in the future. Throughout our study, we use analogies from biodiversity research to analyse and interpret model diversity. We recommend to make models publicly available through open-source policies, to standardize documentation and technical implementation of models, and to compare models through ensemble modelling and interdisciplinary approaches. We end with our perspective on how the field of aquatic ecosystem modelling might develop in the next 5–10 years. To strive for clarity and to improve readability for non-modellers, we include a glossary. Close

• 244. [Article] Empirical Evidence for the Scale Dependence of Biotic Interactions

  Aim: Although it is recognized that ecological patterns are scale dependent, the exact scales over which specific ecological processes operate are still a matter of controversy. In particular, understanding ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Empirical Evidence for the Scale Dependence of Biotic Interactions Author: Belmaker, Jonathan, Zarnetske, Phoebe, Zonneveld, Sara, Record, Sydne, Strecker, Angela L., Beaudrot, Lydia Year: 2015 Aim: Although it is recognized that ecological patterns are scale dependent, the exact scales over which specific ecological processes operate are still a matter of controversy. In particular, understanding the scales over which biotic interactions operate is critical for predicting changes in species distributions in the face of the ongoing biodiversity crisis. It has been hypothesized that biotic interactions operate predominately at fine grains, yet this conjecture has received relatively little empirical scrutiny. We use US woodpeckers as a model system to assess the relative importance of biotic interactions, environmental suitability and geographic proximity to other intraspecific occurrence sites, across scales. Methods: We combined species occurrence data from the North American Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) with a large pair-wise interaction matrix describing known interactions among woodpeckers and other bird species. Using a logistic mixed modelling framework we then established the relative importance of biotic interactions as predictors of woodpecker occurrences in relation to environment and geographic proximity to intraspecific occurrence sites. Results: We found that geographic proximity becomes a stronger predictor of woodpecker occurrence as grain becomes coarser, while environment is grain-invariant. As opposed to environment and geographic proximity, we found that when the focal species experienced positive biotic interactions, the importance of interactions decreased with increased grain. However, positive interactions remained important up to a grain size of entire BBS routes (c. 40 km), which is much coarser than the grain size used by most species distribution models. In contrast, when the focal species experienced negative interactions we did not find clear grain dependence. Main conclusions: Biotic interactions (both positive and negative) are important predictors of species occurrences. While these interactions are strongest at fine grains, they can remain important even at coarse grains, and are thus critical for predicting distributional changes in the face of the ongoing biodiversity crisis. Title: Empirical Evidence for the Scale Dependence of Biotic Interactions Author: Belmaker, Jonathan, Zarnetske, Phoebe, Zonneveld, Sara, Record, Sydne, Strecker, Angela L., Beaudrot, Lydia Year: 2015 Aim: Although it is recognized that ecological patterns are scale dependent, the exact scales over which specific ecological processes operate are still a matter of controversy. In particular, understanding the scales over which biotic interactions operate is critical for predicting changes in species distributions in the face of the ongoing biodiversity crisis. It has been hypothesized that biotic interactions operate predominately at fine grains, yet this conjecture has received relatively little empirical scrutiny. We use US woodpeckers as a model system to assess the relative importance of biotic interactions, environmental suitability and geographic proximity to other intraspecific occurrence sites, across scales. Methods: We combined species occurrence data from the North American Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) with a large pair-wise interaction matrix describing known interactions among woodpeckers and other bird species. Using a logistic mixed modelling framework we then established the relative importance of biotic interactions as predictors of woodpecker occurrences in relation to environment and geographic proximity to intraspecific occurrence sites. Results: We found that geographic proximity becomes a stronger predictor of woodpecker occurrence as grain becomes coarser, while environment is grain-invariant. As opposed to environment and geographic proximity, we found that when the focal species experienced positive biotic interactions, the importance of interactions decreased with increased grain. However, positive interactions remained important up to a grain size of entire BBS routes (c. 40 km), which is much coarser than the grain size used by most species distribution models. In contrast, when the focal species experienced negative interactions we did not find clear grain dependence. Main conclusions: Biotic interactions (both positive and negative) are important predictors of species occurrences. While these interactions are strongest at fine grains, they can remain important even at coarse grains, and are thus critical for predicting distributional changes in the face of the ongoing biodiversity crisis. Close

• 245. [Article] Increased Taxonomic and Functional Similarity Does Not Increase the Trophic Similarity of Communities

  Aim: Despite a long-standing research interest in the association between the biodiversity (i.e. taxonomic and functional composition) and trophic structure of communities, our understanding of the relationship ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Increased Taxonomic and Functional Similarity Does Not Increase the Trophic Similarity of Communities Author: Pool, Thomas K., Cucherousset, Julien, Boulêtreau, Stéphanie, Villéger, Sébastien, Strecker, Angela L., Grenouillet, Gaël Year: 2015 Aim: Despite a long-standing research interest in the association between the biodiversity (i.e. taxonomic and functional composition) and trophic structure of communities, our understanding of the relationship remains limited. Community assembly theory predicts that niche partitioning will result in communities with a diverse array of functional traits, which in turn may facilitate a correspondingly diverse array of trophic interactions that define the trophic niche of those communities. The aim of our study is to test this prediction. Methods: We built a database composed of functional traits and stable isotope values (δ13C and δ15N) for 63 freshwater fish communities containing 109 species in 34 lentic and 29 lotic ecosystems. First, using linear mixed models (i.e. an alpha-diversity approach), we tested whether the taxonomic diversity of communities was positively associated with their functional diversity and if their functional diversity was positively associated with their trophic diversity. Second, we assessed the taxonomic, functional and trophic similarity of communities using multiple regression on distance matrices (MRM) and their respective ‘turnover’ and ‘nestedness-resultant’ components to test if the taxonomic similarity of communities was positively correlated with their functional similarity and if their functional similarity was positively associated with their trophic similarity (i.e. a beta-diversity approach). Results: We found that the functional diversity of communities increased as their taxonomic diversity increased. Similarly, the trophic diversity of communities increased as their functional diversity increased. The pairwise taxonomic and functional similarity of communities were also positively associated, but there was a weak relationship between the functional and trophic similarities of communities. Main conclusions: Our study demonstrates that communities with similar functional characteristics can have disparate food web structures, suggesting that additional site-specific factors influence community variation in trophic niche geometry. Determining the relative importance of functional characteristics and site-specific factors in shaping trophic interactions is crucial for a better understanding of how future species loss and species introductions will affect food web structure and ecosystem functioning. Title: Increased Taxonomic and Functional Similarity Does Not Increase the Trophic Similarity of Communities Author: Pool, Thomas K., Cucherousset, Julien, Boulêtreau, Stéphanie, Villéger, Sébastien, Strecker, Angela L., Grenouillet, Gaël Year: 2015 Aim: Despite a long-standing research interest in the association between the biodiversity (i.e. taxonomic and functional composition) and trophic structure of communities, our understanding of the relationship remains limited. Community assembly theory predicts that niche partitioning will result in communities with a diverse array of functional traits, which in turn may facilitate a correspondingly diverse array of trophic interactions that define the trophic niche of those communities. The aim of our study is to test this prediction. Methods: We built a database composed of functional traits and stable isotope values (δ13C and δ15N) for 63 freshwater fish communities containing 109 species in 34 lentic and 29 lotic ecosystems. First, using linear mixed models (i.e. an alpha-diversity approach), we tested whether the taxonomic diversity of communities was positively associated with their functional diversity and if their functional diversity was positively associated with their trophic diversity. Second, we assessed the taxonomic, functional and trophic similarity of communities using multiple regression on distance matrices (MRM) and their respective ‘turnover’ and ‘nestedness-resultant’ components to test if the taxonomic similarity of communities was positively correlated with their functional similarity and if their functional similarity was positively associated with their trophic similarity (i.e. a beta-diversity approach). Results: We found that the functional diversity of communities increased as their taxonomic diversity increased. Similarly, the trophic diversity of communities increased as their functional diversity increased. The pairwise taxonomic and functional similarity of communities were also positively associated, but there was a weak relationship between the functional and trophic similarities of communities. Main conclusions: Our study demonstrates that communities with similar functional characteristics can have disparate food web structures, suggesting that additional site-specific factors influence community variation in trophic niche geometry. Determining the relative importance of functional characteristics and site-specific factors in shaping trophic interactions is crucial for a better understanding of how future species loss and species introductions will affect food web structure and ecosystem functioning. Close

• 246. [Article] Quantifying dilution and amplification in a community of hosts for tick-borne pathogens

  Data associated with this paper have been deposited in the KNB Data Repository: https://knb.ecoinformatics.org/#view/ knb.779.2

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Quantifying dilution and amplification in a community of hosts for tick-borne pathogens Author: Ostfeld, Richard S., Keesing, Felicia, Holt, Robert D., Levi, Taal, Barfield, Michael Data associated with this paper have been deposited in the KNB Data Repository: https://knb.ecoinformatics.org/#view/ knb.779.2 Title: Quantifying dilution and amplification in a community of hosts for tick-borne pathogens Author: Ostfeld, Richard S., Keesing, Felicia, Holt, Robert D., Levi, Taal, Barfield, Michael Data associated with this paper have been deposited in the KNB Data Repository: https://knb.ecoinformatics.org/#view/ knb.779.2 Close

• 247. [Article] Managing early succession for biodiversity and long-term productivity of conifer forests in southwestern Oregon

  To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Elsevier ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Managing early succession for biodiversity and long-term productivity of conifer forests in southwestern Oregon Author: Little, Susan N., Homann, Peter S., Bormann, Bernard T., Darbyshire, Robyn L., Morrissette, Brett A. To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Elsevier and can be found at: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/forest-ecology-and-management. Title: Managing early succession for biodiversity and long-term productivity of conifer forests in southwestern Oregon Author: Little, Susan N., Homann, Peter S., Bormann, Bernard T., Darbyshire, Robyn L., Morrissette, Brett A. To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Elsevier and can be found at: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/forest-ecology-and-management. Close

• 248. [Article] Seed and establishment limitation contribute to long-term native forb declines in California grasslands

  This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Ecological Society of America and can be found at: http://www.esa.org/.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Seed and establishment limitation contribute to long-term native forb declines in California grasslands Author: Brandt, Angela J., Seabloom, Eric W. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Ecological Society of America and can be found at: http://www.esa.org/. Title: Seed and establishment limitation contribute to long-term native forb declines in California grasslands Author: Brandt, Angela J., Seabloom, Eric W. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Ecological Society of America and can be found at: http://www.esa.org/. Close

• 249. [Article] Influence of forest structure and experimental green-tree retention on northern flying squirrel (Glaucomys sabrinus) abundance

  This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Elsevier and can be found at: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/forest-ecology-and-management/. To the best of our knowledge, one ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Influence of forest structure and experimental green-tree retention on northern flying squirrel (Glaucomys sabrinus) abundance Author: Gitzen, Robert A., West, Stephen D., Holloway, Gillian L., Maguire, Christine C., Smith, Winston P., Halpern, Charles B. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Elsevier and can be found at: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/forest-ecology-and-management/. To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. Title: Influence of forest structure and experimental green-tree retention on northern flying squirrel (Glaucomys sabrinus) abundance Author: Gitzen, Robert A., West, Stephen D., Holloway, Gillian L., Maguire, Christine C., Smith, Winston P., Halpern, Charles B. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Elsevier and can be found at: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/forest-ecology-and-management/. To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. Close

• 250. [Article] Bayesian models describing microhabitat associations of infrequently captured small mammals sampled under a complex hierarchical design

  This is an author's peer-reviewed final manuscript, as accepted by the publisher. The published article is copyrighted by Elsevier and can be found at: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/forest-ecology-a...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Bayesian models describing microhabitat associations of infrequently captured small mammals sampled under a complex hierarchical design Author: Maguire, Douglas A., Lam, Tzeng Yih This is an author's peer-reviewed final manuscript, as accepted by the publisher. The published article is copyrighted by Elsevier and can be found at: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/forest-ecology-and-management/. Title: Bayesian models describing microhabitat associations of infrequently captured small mammals sampled under a complex hierarchical design Author: Maguire, Douglas A., Lam, Tzeng Yih This is an author's peer-reviewed final manuscript, as accepted by the publisher. The published article is copyrighted by Elsevier and can be found at: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/forest-ecology-and-management/. Close