Search

Search Results

• 81. [Article] Toward predicting community-level effects of climate: relative temperature scaling of metabolic and ingestion rates

  This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the Ecological Society of America and can be found at: http://www.esajournals.org/loi/ecol. Supplemental Material can be found ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Toward predicting community-level effects of climate: relative temperature scaling of metabolic and ingestion rates Author: Iles, Alison C. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the Ecological Society of America and can be found at: http://www.esajournals.org/loi/ecol. Supplemental Material can be found at: http://www.esapubs.org/archive/ecol/E095/231/ Title: Toward predicting community-level effects of climate: relative temperature scaling of metabolic and ingestion rates Author: Iles, Alison C. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the Ecological Society of America and can be found at: http://www.esajournals.org/loi/ecol. Supplemental Material can be found at: http://www.esapubs.org/archive/ecol/E095/231/ Close

• 82. [Article] Effects of soil temperature on the root growth of Marshall strawberry plants

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Effects of soil temperature on the root growth of Marshall strawberry plants Author: Mellenthin, Walter M., 1920- Title: Effects of soil temperature on the root growth of Marshall strawberry plants Author: Mellenthin, Walter M., 1920- Close

• 83. [Article] Behavioral responses of Atlantic cod to sea temperature changes

  This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the author(s) and published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. The published article can be found at: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/jo...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Behavioral responses of Atlantic cod to sea temperature changes Author: Freitas, Carla, Ciannelli, Lorenzo, Olsen, Esben Moland, Moland, Even, Knutsen, Halvor This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the author(s) and published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. The published article can be found at: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/%28ISSN%292045-7758 Title: Behavioral responses of Atlantic cod to sea temperature changes Author: Freitas, Carla, Ciannelli, Lorenzo, Olsen, Esben Moland, Moland, Even, Knutsen, Halvor This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the author(s) and published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. The published article can be found at: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/%28ISSN%292045-7758 Close

• 84. [Article] ArismendiIvanFisheriesWildlifeCanAirTemperature.pdf

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: ArismendiIvanFisheriesWildlifeCanAirTemperature.pdf Author: Arismendi, Ivan, Johnson, Sherri L., Safeeq, Mohammad, Dunham, Jason B. Title: ArismendiIvanFisheriesWildlifeCanAirTemperature.pdf Author: Arismendi, Ivan, Johnson, Sherri L., Safeeq, Mohammad, Dunham, Jason B. Close

• 85. [Article] ArismendiIvanFisheriesWildlifeCanAirTemperature_SupplementaryData.pdf

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: ArismendiIvanFisheriesWildlifeCanAirTemperature_SupplementaryData.pdf Author: Arismendi, Ivan, Johnson, Sherri L., Safeeq, Mohammad, Dunham, Jason B. Title: ArismendiIvanFisheriesWildlifeCanAirTemperature_SupplementaryData.pdf Author: Arismendi, Ivan, Johnson, Sherri L., Safeeq, Mohammad, Dunham, Jason B. Close

• 86. [Article] Oceanic vertical temperature measurements across the water-sediment interface at selected stations west of Oregon

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Oceanic vertical temperature measurements across the water-sediment interface at selected stations west of Oregon Author: Mesecar, Roderick S. Title: Oceanic vertical temperature measurements across the water-sediment interface at selected stations west of Oregon Author: Mesecar, Roderick S. Close

• 87. [Article] Growth rate and phosphorus uptake of wheat (Triticum aestivum VILL., Host) as a function of soil water suction and soil temperature

  The effect of soil temperature and soil water suction on the rate of phosphorus uptake and growth rate of wheat (Triticum aestivum VILL. , Host) was studied. Plants were grown in perlite slabs separated ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Growth rate and phosphorus uptake of wheat (Triticum aestivum VILL., Host) as a function of soil water suction and soil temperature Author: Fazilat, Mohammad The effect of soil temperature and soil water suction on the rate of phosphorus uptake and growth rate of wheat (Triticum aestivum VILL. , Host) was studied. Plants were grown in perlite slabs separated from an osmotic solution by a semi-permeable membrane. Measurements were made at temperatures of 10.0, 18.3, 23.9, 32.2, and 35.0°C, and soil water suctions of 0.35 and 2.5 bars. Five week old wheat seedlings were exposed to these conditions. The dry weight of shoots and roots was determined at two day intervals. Plant material extracted was analyzed for phosphorus concentration. The color intensity was measured on a Bausch and Lomb spectronic 20 spectrophotometer of 420 millimicrons. In general, a constant growth rate, which was approached exponentially during the experimental period was found in all treatment combinations. Growth rate for both shoots and roots was slow at low root temperatures and had a maximum rate at a root temperature of 24.0°C. High soil water suction was a limiting factor in growth rate. Phosphorus concentration of shoots and roots was found to approach a constant value during the experimental period according to the equation y = a+be[superscript]-0.07t[superscript]3/2 where y is the phosphorus concentration, t is the time in days, and a and b are constants. Over the entire range of soil temperatures considered the phosphorus concentration of the shoots increased linearlly with the root temperature, but the phosphorus concentration of the roots slightly decreased by increasing soil temperature and did not increase until the root temperature was about 32.0°C. There was no evidence of much variation in percent of total phosphorus uptake transported to the shoot in the experiments. Trans location of phosphorus from roots to shoots did not appear to be a limiting factor for phosphorus uptake at the low root temperature. It was suggested that the low rates of phosphorus uptake at the low root temperatures resulted from the low level of metabolic activity. Title: Growth rate and phosphorus uptake of wheat (Triticum aestivum VILL., Host) as a function of soil water suction and soil temperature Author: Fazilat, Mohammad The effect of soil temperature and soil water suction on the rate of phosphorus uptake and growth rate of wheat (Triticum aestivum VILL. , Host) was studied. Plants were grown in perlite slabs separated from an osmotic solution by a semi-permeable membrane. Measurements were made at temperatures of 10.0, 18.3, 23.9, 32.2, and 35.0°C, and soil water suctions of 0.35 and 2.5 bars. Five week old wheat seedlings were exposed to these conditions. The dry weight of shoots and roots was determined at two day intervals. Plant material extracted was analyzed for phosphorus concentration. The color intensity was measured on a Bausch and Lomb spectronic 20 spectrophotometer of 420 millimicrons. In general, a constant growth rate, which was approached exponentially during the experimental period was found in all treatment combinations. Growth rate for both shoots and roots was slow at low root temperatures and had a maximum rate at a root temperature of 24.0°C. High soil water suction was a limiting factor in growth rate. Phosphorus concentration of shoots and roots was found to approach a constant value during the experimental period according to the equation y = a+be[superscript]-0.07t[superscript]3/2 where y is the phosphorus concentration, t is the time in days, and a and b are constants. Over the entire range of soil temperatures considered the phosphorus concentration of the shoots increased linearlly with the root temperature, but the phosphorus concentration of the roots slightly decreased by increasing soil temperature and did not increase until the root temperature was about 32.0°C. There was no evidence of much variation in percent of total phosphorus uptake transported to the shoot in the experiments. Trans location of phosphorus from roots to shoots did not appear to be a limiting factor for phosphorus uptake at the low root temperature. It was suggested that the low rates of phosphorus uptake at the low root temperatures resulted from the low level of metabolic activity. Close

• 88. [Article] The microbial stability of refrigerated intermediate moisture foods

  The lag phase, the specific growth rate, the minimum a [subscript w] required for growth and the temperature characteristic of Fsendomonas fluorescens, Brochothrix thermosphacta, Salmonella typhlmurium, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The microbial stability of refrigerated intermediate moisture foods Author: Li, Ken-yuon The lag phase, the specific growth rate, the minimum a [subscript w] required for growth and the temperature characteristic of Fsendomonas fluorescens, Brochothrix thermosphacta, Salmonella typhlmurium, Streptococcus faecalis and, Staphylococcus aureus have been studied in liquid model media under controlled temperature and a [subscript w] conditions. The results show that the lag phase increases and the specific growth rates decreases when the temperature is lowered or the a [subscript w] is reduced. The minimum a [subscript w] required for growth increases when the incubation temperature is lowered. At refrigeration temperature the minimum a [subscript w] for growth of mesophiles is higher than that of psychrotrophs. The temperature characteristic (representing the activation energy for growth) of psychrotrophs is lower than that of mesophiles, and therefore mesophiles are more sensitive to temperature changes. All of these growth parameters depend on the a [subscript w] controlling solute. The solute effect can be traced to the ability of the solute to penetrate into the cell and can be explained by the osmoregulatory mechanism. In general, it was found that the effect of the solute on these parameters had the order glycerol<NaCl<sucrose. A comparison of three models for the effect of temperature on growth rate (linear, square-root, and Arrhenius) showed that the linear model had both the advantage of simplicity and accuracy. In general, the Arrhenius model showed the poorest fit to experimental data. A predictive method was developed to assess the microbial stability of liquid model systems exposed to fluctuating temperatures. The strategy was to predict lag time and growth rate by different regression equations, and to estimate microbial growth using an integral function of the accumulated time. A lag time predictive model was developed using a linear relationship between lag time and reciprocal growth rate. A linear equation was used to predict growth rate as a function of temperature. The model was used to predict the growth of B. thermosphacta in liquid model media with low a [subscript w] and exposed to fluctuating temperatures. The predictions were acceptable at a 95% confidence level. This method will be used in future studies to predict the microbial stability of refrigerated foods exposed to temperature abuse. Title: The microbial stability of refrigerated intermediate moisture foods Author: Li, Ken-yuon The lag phase, the specific growth rate, the minimum a [subscript w] required for growth and the temperature characteristic of Fsendomonas fluorescens, Brochothrix thermosphacta, Salmonella typhlmurium, Streptococcus faecalis and, Staphylococcus aureus have been studied in liquid model media under controlled temperature and a [subscript w] conditions. The results show that the lag phase increases and the specific growth rates decreases when the temperature is lowered or the a [subscript w] is reduced. The minimum a [subscript w] required for growth increases when the incubation temperature is lowered. At refrigeration temperature the minimum a [subscript w] for growth of mesophiles is higher than that of psychrotrophs. The temperature characteristic (representing the activation energy for growth) of psychrotrophs is lower than that of mesophiles, and therefore mesophiles are more sensitive to temperature changes. All of these growth parameters depend on the a [subscript w] controlling solute. The solute effect can be traced to the ability of the solute to penetrate into the cell and can be explained by the osmoregulatory mechanism. In general, it was found that the effect of the solute on these parameters had the order glycerol<NaCl<sucrose. A comparison of three models for the effect of temperature on growth rate (linear, square-root, and Arrhenius) showed that the linear model had both the advantage of simplicity and accuracy. In general, the Arrhenius model showed the poorest fit to experimental data. A predictive method was developed to assess the microbial stability of liquid model systems exposed to fluctuating temperatures. The strategy was to predict lag time and growth rate by different regression equations, and to estimate microbial growth using an integral function of the accumulated time. A lag time predictive model was developed using a linear relationship between lag time and reciprocal growth rate. A linear equation was used to predict growth rate as a function of temperature. The model was used to predict the growth of B. thermosphacta in liquid model media with low a [subscript w] and exposed to fluctuating temperatures. The predictions were acceptable at a 95% confidence level. This method will be used in future studies to predict the microbial stability of refrigerated foods exposed to temperature abuse. Close

• 89. [Article] Optimal Storage Temperature Design for Frozen Seafood Inventories: Application to Pacific Whiting Surimi

  Research Paper

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Optimal Storage Temperature Design for Frozen Seafood Inventories: Application to Pacific Whiting Surimi Author: Sylvia, Gilbert, Burden, Merrick, Kolbe, Edward Research Paper Title: Optimal Storage Temperature Design for Frozen Seafood Inventories: Application to Pacific Whiting Surimi Author: Sylvia, Gilbert, Burden, Merrick, Kolbe, Edward Research Paper Close

• 90. [Article] Stream temperatures : some basic considerations

  Declared out of print December 2009. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonst...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Stream temperatures : some basic considerations Author: Moore, James A. (James Allan), 1939-, Oregon State University. Extension Service, Miner, J. Ronald Declared out of print December 2009. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog Title: Stream temperatures : some basic considerations Author: Moore, James A. (James Allan), 1939-, Oregon State University. Extension Service, Miner, J. Ronald Declared out of print December 2009. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog Close

• 91. [Article] Stream Temperature Management in the Tualatin Watershed: Is it Improving Salmonid Habitat?

  The purpose of this paper is to examine the literature from scientific and governmental entities that describes the problems with elevated stream temperatures in the Tualatin basin, the actions being taken ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Stream Temperature Management in the Tualatin Watershed: Is it Improving Salmonid Habitat? Author: Hennings, Raymond Banks Year: 2014 The purpose of this paper is to examine the literature from scientific and governmental entities that describes the problems with elevated stream temperatures in the Tualatin basin, the actions being taken to resolve those problems, and to assess whether these actions are meeting the goal of improving salmonid habitat in the basin. Elevated stream temperatures are considered a pollutant under the US Clean Water Act (Clean Water Act 1972, as amended) because increased stream temperatures can be harmful to native aquatic biota, particularly salmonid fish species that have evolved to use cold water (IMST 2004). Title: Stream Temperature Management in the Tualatin Watershed: Is it Improving Salmonid Habitat? Author: Hennings, Raymond Banks Year: 2014 The purpose of this paper is to examine the literature from scientific and governmental entities that describes the problems with elevated stream temperatures in the Tualatin basin, the actions being taken to resolve those problems, and to assess whether these actions are meeting the goal of improving salmonid habitat in the basin. Elevated stream temperatures are considered a pollutant under the US Clean Water Act (Clean Water Act 1972, as amended) because increased stream temperatures can be harmful to native aquatic biota, particularly salmonid fish species that have evolved to use cold water (IMST 2004). Close

• 92. [Article] Stagnation point heat transfer in a relaxing gas

  Stagnation point heat transfer in a gas undergoing relaxation of its internal energy is examined by solution of the equations of motion using the two temperature approach of Wang Chang and Uhlenbeck. The ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Stagnation point heat transfer in a relaxing gas Author: Wilson, Robert E. (Robert Elliott) Stagnation point heat transfer in a gas undergoing relaxation of its internal energy is examined by solution of the equations of motion using the two temperature approach of Wang Chang and Uhlenbeck. The results are presented in parametric form and show that relaxation effects produce an adiabatic wall temperature above the free stream stagnation temperature, which is related to the thermal conductivity of the ''inert" mode, the dimensionless relaxation length, the ratio of the translational mode temperature to the temperature of the relaxing mode at the edge of the boundary layer, and the magnitude of the internal energy undergoing relaxation. An experiment is described whereby the thermal conductivity of the "inert" mode, which is unknown, may be determined from adiabatic wall temperature measurements. Title: Stagnation point heat transfer in a relaxing gas Author: Wilson, Robert E. (Robert Elliott) Stagnation point heat transfer in a gas undergoing relaxation of its internal energy is examined by solution of the equations of motion using the two temperature approach of Wang Chang and Uhlenbeck. The results are presented in parametric form and show that relaxation effects produce an adiabatic wall temperature above the free stream stagnation temperature, which is related to the thermal conductivity of the ''inert" mode, the dimensionless relaxation length, the ratio of the translational mode temperature to the temperature of the relaxing mode at the edge of the boundary layer, and the magnitude of the internal energy undergoing relaxation. An experiment is described whereby the thermal conductivity of the "inert" mode, which is unknown, may be determined from adiabatic wall temperature measurements. Close

• 93. [Article] Fully developed laminar natural convection in a vertical parallel plate channel with symmetric uniform wall temperature

  Described in this thesis is an investigation of the fully developed natural convection heat transfer in a vertical channel formed by two infinitely wide parallel plates maintained at a uniform wall temperature. ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Fully developed laminar natural convection in a vertical parallel plate channel with symmetric uniform wall temperature Author: Willie, Robert H. Described in this thesis is an investigation of the fully developed natural convection heat transfer in a vertical channel formed by two infinitely wide parallel plates maintained at a uniform wall temperature. Closed-form solutions for the velocity and temperature profiles are developed along with local and averaged Nusselt numbers. The local Nusselt number based on bulk temperature is found to be 3.77. This result is an analog corresponding to 7.60 for fully developed laminar forced convection in a parallel plate channel with uniform wall temperature boundary condition. The local Nusselt number based on the ambient temperature is deduced as a function of flowwise location. Results are compared with existing numerical and experimental data to find good agreement. Title: Fully developed laminar natural convection in a vertical parallel plate channel with symmetric uniform wall temperature Author: Willie, Robert H. Described in this thesis is an investigation of the fully developed natural convection heat transfer in a vertical channel formed by two infinitely wide parallel plates maintained at a uniform wall temperature. Closed-form solutions for the velocity and temperature profiles are developed along with local and averaged Nusselt numbers. The local Nusselt number based on bulk temperature is found to be 3.77. This result is an analog corresponding to 7.60 for fully developed laminar forced convection in a parallel plate channel with uniform wall temperature boundary condition. The local Nusselt number based on the ambient temperature is deduced as a function of flowwise location. Results are compared with existing numerical and experimental data to find good agreement. Close

• 94. [Article] Durability of room-temperature-setting and intermediate-temperature-setting resin glues cured to different degrees in Yellow Birch plywood

  This report is one of a series issued in cooperation with the Army-Navy-Civil Committee on aircraft design criteria under the supervision of the Aeronautical Board.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Durability of room-temperature-setting and intermediate-temperature-setting resin glues cured to different degrees in Yellow Birch plywood Author: Forest Products Laboratory (U.S.), Olson, W. Z., Black, John M. This report is one of a series issued in cooperation with the Army-Navy-Civil Committee on aircraft design criteria under the supervision of the Aeronautical Board. Title: Durability of room-temperature-setting and intermediate-temperature-setting resin glues cured to different degrees in Yellow Birch plywood Author: Forest Products Laboratory (U.S.), Olson, W. Z., Black, John M. This report is one of a series issued in cooperation with the Army-Navy-Civil Committee on aircraft design criteria under the supervision of the Aeronautical Board. Close

• 95. [Article] Spatial, diel and seasonal variations in dissolved oxygen and temperature within a stratified lake

  Spatial, diel and seasonal variations in dissolved oxygen and temperature were measured in Triangle Lake, Oregon. Spatial dissolved oxygen and temperature variations measured in the stratified lake are ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Spatial, diel and seasonal variations in dissolved oxygen and temperature within a stratified lake Author: Smith, Stanley Allan Spatial, diel and seasonal variations in dissolved oxygen and temperature were measured in Triangle Lake, Oregon. Spatial dissolved oxygen and temperature variations measured in the stratified lake are presented to illustrate the horizontal uniformity of the lake and to demonstrate the applicability of the one dimensional assumption for sampling and theoretical modeling of temperature and dissolved oxygen. A nocturnal density overturning within the epilimnion was investigated and its significance as a mode of vertical mixing evaluated. Seasonal variations in temperature and dissolved oxygen indicated that a complete winter overturn did not occur. The effect of seasonal variations in temperature and dissolved oxygen upon the habitat of game fish within the lake is presented. Title: Spatial, diel and seasonal variations in dissolved oxygen and temperature within a stratified lake Author: Smith, Stanley Allan Spatial, diel and seasonal variations in dissolved oxygen and temperature were measured in Triangle Lake, Oregon. Spatial dissolved oxygen and temperature variations measured in the stratified lake are presented to illustrate the horizontal uniformity of the lake and to demonstrate the applicability of the one dimensional assumption for sampling and theoretical modeling of temperature and dissolved oxygen. A nocturnal density overturning within the epilimnion was investigated and its significance as a mode of vertical mixing evaluated. Seasonal variations in temperature and dissolved oxygen indicated that a complete winter overturn did not occur. The effect of seasonal variations in temperature and dissolved oxygen upon the habitat of game fish within the lake is presented. Close

• 96. [Article] High-temperature, high-pressure NMR probe for superconducting magnets

  A high-temperature, high-pressure autoclave has been adapted for use with a high-field nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer. The autoclave has an internal pressure range of atmospheric pressure to 1.5 ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: High-temperature, high-pressure NMR probe for superconducting magnets Author: Mullen, Corina P. A high-temperature, high-pressure autoclave has been adapted for use with a high-field nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer. The autoclave has an internal pressure range of atmospheric pressure to 1.5 kbar and a temperature range of 273 K to 1900 K. The autoclave is usable in a high field (8 T) magnet with a room temperature, 76.4 mm bore. The autoclave was tested using assorted nuclear species with resonant frequencies ranging from 57 to 70 MHz at pressures ranging from atmospheric pressure to 1220 bar and temperatures ranging from 273 K to 448 K. Previously, the autoclave was used in conjunction with an iron magnet at temperatures to 1900 K and pressures to 1.5 kbar. Title: High-temperature, high-pressure NMR probe for superconducting magnets Author: Mullen, Corina P. A high-temperature, high-pressure autoclave has been adapted for use with a high-field nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer. The autoclave has an internal pressure range of atmospheric pressure to 1.5 kbar and a temperature range of 273 K to 1900 K. The autoclave is usable in a high field (8 T) magnet with a room temperature, 76.4 mm bore. The autoclave was tested using assorted nuclear species with resonant frequencies ranging from 57 to 70 MHz at pressures ranging from atmospheric pressure to 1220 bar and temperatures ranging from 273 K to 448 K. Previously, the autoclave was used in conjunction with an iron magnet at temperatures to 1900 K and pressures to 1.5 kbar. Close

• 97. [Article] Impact of Isothermal Aging and Testing Temperature on Large Flip-Chip BGA Interconnect Mechanical Shock Performance

  The stability of solder interconnects in a mechanical shock environment is crucial for large body size flip-chip ball grid array (FCBGA) electronic packages. Additionally, the junction temperature increases ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Impact of Isothermal Aging and Testing Temperature on Large Flip-Chip BGA Interconnect Mechanical Shock Performance Author: Lee, Tae-Kyu, Chen, Zhiqiang, Guirguis, Cherif, Akinade, Kola Year: 2017 The stability of solder interconnects in a mechanical shock environment is crucial for large body size flip-chip ball grid array (FCBGA) electronic packages. Additionally, the junction temperature increases with higher electric power condition, which brings the component into an elevated temperature environment, thus introducing another consideration factor for mechanical stability of interconnection joints. Since most of the shock performance data available were produced at room temperature, the effect of elevated temperature is of interest to ensure the reliability of the device in a mechanical shock environment. To achieve a stablea interconnect pound in a dynamic shock environment, the interconnections must tolerate mechanical strain, which is induced by the shock wave input and reaches the particular component interconnect joint. In this study, large body size (52.5 x 52.5 mm(2)) FCBGA components assembled on 2.4-mm-thick boards were tested with various isothermal pre-conditions and testing conditions. With a heating element embedded in the test board, a test temperature range from room temperature to 100A degrees C was established. The effects of elevated temperature on mechanical shock performance were investigated. Failure and degradation mechanisms are identified and discussed based on the microstructure evolution and grain structure transformations. Title: Impact of Isothermal Aging and Testing Temperature on Large Flip-Chip BGA Interconnect Mechanical Shock Performance Author: Lee, Tae-Kyu, Chen, Zhiqiang, Guirguis, Cherif, Akinade, Kola Year: 2017 The stability of solder interconnects in a mechanical shock environment is crucial for large body size flip-chip ball grid array (FCBGA) electronic packages. Additionally, the junction temperature increases with higher electric power condition, which brings the component into an elevated temperature environment, thus introducing another consideration factor for mechanical stability of interconnection joints. Since most of the shock performance data available were produced at room temperature, the effect of elevated temperature is of interest to ensure the reliability of the device in a mechanical shock environment. To achieve a stablea interconnect pound in a dynamic shock environment, the interconnections must tolerate mechanical strain, which is induced by the shock wave input and reaches the particular component interconnect joint. In this study, large body size (52.5 x 52.5 mm(2)) FCBGA components assembled on 2.4-mm-thick boards were tested with various isothermal pre-conditions and testing conditions. With a heating element embedded in the test board, a test temperature range from room temperature to 100A degrees C was established. The effects of elevated temperature on mechanical shock performance were investigated. Failure and degradation mechanisms are identified and discussed based on the microstructure evolution and grain structure transformations. Close

• 98. [Article] Climate change on the Colorado Plateau of eastern Utah inferred from borehole temperatures

  copyrighted by American Geophysical Union

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Climate change on the Colorado Plateau of eastern Utah inferred from borehole temperatures Author: Chapman, David S., Harris, Robert N. copyrighted by American Geophysical Union Title: Climate change on the Colorado Plateau of eastern Utah inferred from borehole temperatures Author: Chapman, David S., Harris, Robert N. copyrighted by American Geophysical Union Close

• 99. [Article] Air Temperature Measurement Errors in Naturally Ventilated Radiation Shields

  Two sources of systematic errors are considered for estimating air temperature. The first source is ambiguity of the definition of the standardized measurement height over vegetated surfaces of varying ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Air Temperature Measurement Errors in Naturally Ventilated Radiation Shields Author: Nakamura, Reina, Mahrt, L. Two sources of systematic errors are considered for estimating air temperature. The first source is ambiguity of the definition of the standardized measurement height over vegetated surfaces of varying heights. Without such a standardization, evaluation of the horizontal air temperature gradient is contaminated by the vertical variation of air temperature. This error is generally small in daytime unstable conditions, but increases with increasing stability at night. In an attempt to reduce such error, the use of the zero-plane displacement height for standardizing the measurement height is proposed. The second source of systematic errors is radiative forcing on the sensor–shield systems. A series of experiments is performed over a grass field to investigate the radiatively induced error in the air temperature estimate by the Onset HOBO Pro thermistor in a naturally ventilated multiplate shield. The magnitude of this error is estimated by comparing air temperature measurements by a platinum resistance temperature detector (RTD) sensor in a mechanically aspirated shield. In contrast to the errors resulting from the first source, the radiatively induced error increases with increasing instability. An empirical model is developed for correcting the radiatively induced temperature error using information on wind speed and net or shortwave radiation. The robustness of the model is examined with independent data. Title: Air Temperature Measurement Errors in Naturally Ventilated Radiation Shields Author: Nakamura, Reina, Mahrt, L. Two sources of systematic errors are considered for estimating air temperature. The first source is ambiguity of the definition of the standardized measurement height over vegetated surfaces of varying heights. Without such a standardization, evaluation of the horizontal air temperature gradient is contaminated by the vertical variation of air temperature. This error is generally small in daytime unstable conditions, but increases with increasing stability at night. In an attempt to reduce such error, the use of the zero-plane displacement height for standardizing the measurement height is proposed. The second source of systematic errors is radiative forcing on the sensor–shield systems. A series of experiments is performed over a grass field to investigate the radiatively induced error in the air temperature estimate by the Onset HOBO Pro thermistor in a naturally ventilated multiplate shield. The magnitude of this error is estimated by comparing air temperature measurements by a platinum resistance temperature detector (RTD) sensor in a mechanically aspirated shield. In contrast to the errors resulting from the first source, the radiatively induced error increases with increasing instability. An empirical model is developed for correcting the radiatively induced temperature error using information on wind speed and net or shortwave radiation. The robustness of the model is examined with independent data. Close

• 100. [Article] Effect of Solute and Temperature on Osmotic Tolerance _Final.ppt

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Effect of Solute and Temperature on Osmotic Tolerance _Final.ppt Author: Huang, Kenneth Title: Effect of Solute and Temperature on Osmotic Tolerance _Final.ppt Author: Huang, Kenneth Close