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• 81. [Article] A study of the seasonal variation in temperature and salinity along the Oregon - Northern California coast

  This study examines the seasonal variability in temperature and salinity of the nearshore waters off Oregon and Northern California. Specifically, temperature and salinity variations during summer and winter ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: A study of the seasonal variation in temperature and salinity along the Oregon - Northern California coast Author: Bourke, Robert H. This study examines the seasonal variability in temperature and salinity of the nearshore waters off Oregon and Northern California. Specifically, temperature and salinity variations during summer and winter were ana1yzed from data gathered at shore stations along the coast and from hydrographic data collected within 25 nautical miles of shore. At each of five shore stations a modal cell technique was used to establish the temperature-salinity characteristics of the "normal" water type existing at each station during summer and winter. A classification scheme was employed to determine what local processes were influential in altering the "normal" T-S characteristics at each station. In summer mixing with Columbia River plume water was found to be the major modifying process along the Northern Oregon coast. Off Central and Southern Oregon local heating and mixing with water from the shelf/slope region were found to be most influential. In winter dilution due to precipitation and subsequent runoff is the major modifying factor along the entire coast except off Northern Oregon where mixing with shelf/slope waters is slightly more influential. The temperature and salinity structure of the near surface waters (< 200 meters) was examined for four latitudinal zones off the Oregon- Northern California coast. Within each zone profiles were constructed at 5, 15, and 25 nautical miles offshore. Surface waters are warmer and more saline in summer than in winter. Surface temperatures increase seaward in both seasons. Surface salinities increase seaward only during winter; in summer the increase is shoreward. Offshore gradients of temperature and salinity are one to two orders of magnitude greater than longshore gradients. A strong thermocline to 30 meters and a strong halocline to 75 meters is present in summer. In winter the water is isothermal to 50 meters while a strong halocline is present to 100 meters. Below these levels temperatures and salinities continue to slowly decrease and increase, respectively, until at 200 meters they become constant throughout the study area. Variability with distance from shore is significant only in summer and is constrained to the upper 150 meters of the water column. Title: A study of the seasonal variation in temperature and salinity along the Oregon - Northern California coast Author: Bourke, Robert H. This study examines the seasonal variability in temperature and salinity of the nearshore waters off Oregon and Northern California. Specifically, temperature and salinity variations during summer and winter were ana1yzed from data gathered at shore stations along the coast and from hydrographic data collected within 25 nautical miles of shore. At each of five shore stations a modal cell technique was used to establish the temperature-salinity characteristics of the "normal" water type existing at each station during summer and winter. A classification scheme was employed to determine what local processes were influential in altering the "normal" T-S characteristics at each station. In summer mixing with Columbia River plume water was found to be the major modifying process along the Northern Oregon coast. Off Central and Southern Oregon local heating and mixing with water from the shelf/slope region were found to be most influential. In winter dilution due to precipitation and subsequent runoff is the major modifying factor along the entire coast except off Northern Oregon where mixing with shelf/slope waters is slightly more influential. The temperature and salinity structure of the near surface waters (< 200 meters) was examined for four latitudinal zones off the Oregon- Northern California coast. Within each zone profiles were constructed at 5, 15, and 25 nautical miles offshore. Surface waters are warmer and more saline in summer than in winter. Surface temperatures increase seaward in both seasons. Surface salinities increase seaward only during winter; in summer the increase is shoreward. Offshore gradients of temperature and salinity are one to two orders of magnitude greater than longshore gradients. A strong thermocline to 30 meters and a strong halocline to 75 meters is present in summer. In winter the water is isothermal to 50 meters while a strong halocline is present to 100 meters. Below these levels temperatures and salinities continue to slowly decrease and increase, respectively, until at 200 meters they become constant throughout the study area. Variability with distance from shore is significant only in summer and is constrained to the upper 150 meters of the water column. Close

• 82. [Article] Late quaternary changes in the oceanography of the eastern tropical Pacific

  Factor analysis of radiolarian species from the tops of 34 gravity cores in the area extending from 5°N to 45°N, 95°W to 155°W, yields five factor assemblages which are related to the present surface circulation: 1) ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Late quaternary changes in the oceanography of the eastern tropical Pacific Author: Wenkam, Chiye R. Factor analysis of radiolarian species from the tops of 34 gravity cores in the area extending from 5°N to 45°N, 95°W to 155°W, yields five factor assemblages which are related to the present surface circulation: 1) a Pacific Equatorial Water assemblage; 2) a California Current assemblage; 3) a North Equatorial Current assemblage; 4) a Tropical Surface Water assemblage; 5) an oxygen minimum layer assemblage. A sixth assemblage appears to be the result of dissolution. The variation of these factors through the late Pleistocene is based on the analysis of samples from two cores. Transfer functions which relate core top assemblages to temperature at the sea surface and at 130 m depth were used to determine paleotemperatures. Stratigraphic control was provided by oxygen isotope analysis of planktonic foraminifera from one core, Synchronous levels in the other core were determined from biostratigraphic correlation of the variations in the abundance of three species of radiolaria between cores. A reconstruction of the paleoceanography based on the results of the above analyses indicates that during the last glacial maximum (18,000 yrs BP): 1) sea surface temperatures were slightly lower than today; 2) the areal extent of warm Pacific Equatorial water and Tropical Surface water was diminished; 3) the California Current, North Equatorial Current, and the Equatorial Current were stronger than at present; 4) there was an increase in the thermal gradient in the thermocline and/or an increase in the depth of the mixed layer; 5) air and sea surface circulation patterns were constricted and experienced minimal north-south oscillation. Title: Late quaternary changes in the oceanography of the eastern tropical Pacific Author: Wenkam, Chiye R. Factor analysis of radiolarian species from the tops of 34 gravity cores in the area extending from 5°N to 45°N, 95°W to 155°W, yields five factor assemblages which are related to the present surface circulation: 1) a Pacific Equatorial Water assemblage; 2) a California Current assemblage; 3) a North Equatorial Current assemblage; 4) a Tropical Surface Water assemblage; 5) an oxygen minimum layer assemblage. A sixth assemblage appears to be the result of dissolution. The variation of these factors through the late Pleistocene is based on the analysis of samples from two cores. Transfer functions which relate core top assemblages to temperature at the sea surface and at 130 m depth were used to determine paleotemperatures. Stratigraphic control was provided by oxygen isotope analysis of planktonic foraminifera from one core, Synchronous levels in the other core were determined from biostratigraphic correlation of the variations in the abundance of three species of radiolaria between cores. A reconstruction of the paleoceanography based on the results of the above analyses indicates that during the last glacial maximum (18,000 yrs BP): 1) sea surface temperatures were slightly lower than today; 2) the areal extent of warm Pacific Equatorial water and Tropical Surface water was diminished; 3) the California Current, North Equatorial Current, and the Equatorial Current were stronger than at present; 4) there was an increase in the thermal gradient in the thermocline and/or an increase in the depth of the mixed layer; 5) air and sea surface circulation patterns were constricted and experienced minimal north-south oscillation. Close

• 83. [Article] Groundwater Surface Trends in the North Florence Dunal Aquifer, Oregon Coast, USA

  The North Florence Dunal Aquifer is the only feasible source for drinking water for the coastal city of Florence, Oregon and Florence's Urban Growth Boundary. High infiltration rates and a shallow groundwater ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Groundwater Surface Trends in the North Florence Dunal Aquifer, Oregon Coast, USA Author: Doliber, Sarah Rebecca Year: 2012 The North Florence Dunal Aquifer is the only feasible source for drinking water for the coastal city of Florence, Oregon and Florence's Urban Growth Boundary. High infiltration rates and a shallow groundwater table leave the aquifer highly susceptible to contamination from septic tank effluent, storm runoff, chemical fertilizers and recreational ATV use throughout the dunes. Public interest in the quality and quantity of the aquifer water has been sparked since the City of Florence received a grant from the Environmental Protection Agency for a watershed protection and restoration project. Delineation of the shallow groundwater surface and its relationship to the surface water bodies within the dunes is crucial in protecting this drinking water source from contamination. This thesis project created a GIS representation of the shallow groundwater elevation and associated prediction error map. Surface water bodies were confirmed as window lakes into the dunal aquifer and no signs of perched aquifer conditions were observed between Holocene and Pleistocene dunes. Ground Penetrating Radar, well data provided by the city of Florence and LiDAR were the primary sources for data collection. Title: Groundwater Surface Trends in the North Florence Dunal Aquifer, Oregon Coast, USA Author: Doliber, Sarah Rebecca Year: 2012 The North Florence Dunal Aquifer is the only feasible source for drinking water for the coastal city of Florence, Oregon and Florence's Urban Growth Boundary. High infiltration rates and a shallow groundwater table leave the aquifer highly susceptible to contamination from septic tank effluent, storm runoff, chemical fertilizers and recreational ATV use throughout the dunes. Public interest in the quality and quantity of the aquifer water has been sparked since the City of Florence received a grant from the Environmental Protection Agency for a watershed protection and restoration project. Delineation of the shallow groundwater surface and its relationship to the surface water bodies within the dunes is crucial in protecting this drinking water source from contamination. This thesis project created a GIS representation of the shallow groundwater elevation and associated prediction error map. Surface water bodies were confirmed as window lakes into the dunal aquifer and no signs of perched aquifer conditions were observed between Holocene and Pleistocene dunes. Ground Penetrating Radar, well data provided by the city of Florence and LiDAR were the primary sources for data collection. Close

• 84. [Article] Assimilative Capacity Modeling in Support of the Georgia Comprehensive State-Wide Water Management Plan

  Presented at The Oregon Water Conference, May 24-25, 2011, Corvallis, OR.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Assimilative Capacity Modeling in Support of the Georgia Comprehensive State-Wide Water Management Plan Author: Davie, Steven, Booth, Elizabeth A., Watson, Brian, Wyss, Jeremy Presented at The Oregon Water Conference, May 24-25, 2011, Corvallis, OR. Title: Assimilative Capacity Modeling in Support of the Georgia Comprehensive State-Wide Water Management Plan Author: Davie, Steven, Booth, Elizabeth A., Watson, Brian, Wyss, Jeremy Presented at The Oregon Water Conference, May 24-25, 2011, Corvallis, OR. Close

• 85. [Article] Shallow Aquifer Recharge from Irrigation in a Semi-arid Agricultural Valley in New Mexico, USA

  This is an author's peer-reviewed final manuscript, as accepted by the publisher. The published article is copyrighted by the American Society of Civil Engineers and can be found at: http://cedb.asce.o...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Shallow Aquifer Recharge from Irrigation in a Semi-arid Agricultural Valley in New Mexico, USA Author: Ochoa, Carlos G., Shukla, Manoj K., Guldan, Steven J., Fernald, Alexander G., Tidwell, Vincent C. This is an author's peer-reviewed final manuscript, as accepted by the publisher. The published article is copyrighted by the American Society of Civil Engineers and can be found at: http://cedb.asce.org/cgi/WWWdisplay.cgi?310565. Title: Shallow Aquifer Recharge from Irrigation in a Semi-arid Agricultural Valley in New Mexico, USA Author: Ochoa, Carlos G., Shukla, Manoj K., Guldan, Steven J., Fernald, Alexander G., Tidwell, Vincent C. This is an author's peer-reviewed final manuscript, as accepted by the publisher. The published article is copyrighted by the American Society of Civil Engineers and can be found at: http://cedb.asce.org/cgi/WWWdisplay.cgi?310565. Close

• 86. [Article] Nitrate and water under terraced dryland wheat production in Oregon

  Dry land agriculture using summer fallow is a common crop production practice in the Columbia Plateau region of eastern Oregon. Farmed-over level terraces are used to control surface water runoff and soil ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Nitrate and water under terraced dryland wheat production in Oregon Author: Strock, Jeffrey S. Dry land agriculture using summer fallow is a common crop production practice in the Columbia Plateau region of eastern Oregon. Farmed-over level terraces are used to control surface water runoff and soil erosion. More than 70 percent of the average annual precipitation around Pendleton, Oregon (350 - 400 mm) falls as low intensity, long duration rainfall from September to March. Wetter soil zones typically occur above and below the terrace. These areas have a higher potential for crop production as well as for movement of chemicals to ground water and to surface water where seepage occurs. The extra nitrogen or water that could accumulate in these areas needs to be considered in managing these areas. The first objective of this study was to measure the distribution of nitrate nitrogen (NO₃-N) and water in relation to farmed-over level terraces, and infer potential solute flow patterns from changes in the measured distributions over time. The second objective was to make recommendations regarding management practices required for specific field locations to maximize crop production and minimize negative impacts on groundwater quality. Results indicate NO⁻₃ concentrations following harvest were < 4 mg kg⁻¹ of soil. Equivalent to soil solution concentrations between 27 and 20 mg L⁻¹ at 15 and 20 percent volumetric water content, respectively. Limited deep percolation of NO⁻₃ occurred below the root zone between harvest and planting. The NO⁻₃ concentrations below the root zone were < 1 to 15 mg kg⁻¹ following the summer fallow period. In August 1993, evidence exists that shows N applied fertilizer moved out of the surface 0.3 m and deeper into the profile. The redistribution of NO⁻₃ in the terrace channels of transects 1 and 2 strongly support this. Soil profiles that contain high residual concentrations of NO₃-N during the fallow period increase the potential for NO₃-N leaching below the root zone. Unusually heavy precipitation during normally dry periods or above normal winter precipitation increases the potential for NO₃-N leaching below the root zone. Title: Nitrate and water under terraced dryland wheat production in Oregon Author: Strock, Jeffrey S. Dry land agriculture using summer fallow is a common crop production practice in the Columbia Plateau region of eastern Oregon. Farmed-over level terraces are used to control surface water runoff and soil erosion. More than 70 percent of the average annual precipitation around Pendleton, Oregon (350 - 400 mm) falls as low intensity, long duration rainfall from September to March. Wetter soil zones typically occur above and below the terrace. These areas have a higher potential for crop production as well as for movement of chemicals to ground water and to surface water where seepage occurs. The extra nitrogen or water that could accumulate in these areas needs to be considered in managing these areas. The first objective of this study was to measure the distribution of nitrate nitrogen (NO₃-N) and water in relation to farmed-over level terraces, and infer potential solute flow patterns from changes in the measured distributions over time. The second objective was to make recommendations regarding management practices required for specific field locations to maximize crop production and minimize negative impacts on groundwater quality. Results indicate NO⁻₃ concentrations following harvest were < 4 mg kg⁻¹ of soil. Equivalent to soil solution concentrations between 27 and 20 mg L⁻¹ at 15 and 20 percent volumetric water content, respectively. Limited deep percolation of NO⁻₃ occurred below the root zone between harvest and planting. The NO⁻₃ concentrations below the root zone were < 1 to 15 mg kg⁻¹ following the summer fallow period. In August 1993, evidence exists that shows N applied fertilizer moved out of the surface 0.3 m and deeper into the profile. The redistribution of NO⁻₃ in the terrace channels of transects 1 and 2 strongly support this. Soil profiles that contain high residual concentrations of NO₃-N during the fallow period increase the potential for NO₃-N leaching below the root zone. Unusually heavy precipitation during normally dry periods or above normal winter precipitation increases the potential for NO₃-N leaching below the root zone. Close

• 87. [Article] Automatic Calibration of Water Quality and Hydrodynamic Model (CE-QUAL-W2)

  One of the most important purposes of surface water resource management is to develop predictive models to assist in identifying and evaluating operational and structural measures for improving water quality. ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Automatic Calibration of Water Quality and Hydrodynamic Model (CE-QUAL-W2) Author: Shojaei, Nasim Year: 2014 One of the most important purposes of surface water resource management is to develop predictive models to assist in identifying and evaluating operational and structural measures for improving water quality. To better understand the effects of external and internal nutrient and organic loading and the effects of reservoir operation, a model is often developed, calibrated, and used for sensitivity and management simulations. The importance of modeling and simulation in the scientific community has drawn interest towards methods for automated calibration. This study addresses using an automatic technique to calibrate the water quality model CE-QUAL-W2 (Cole and Wells, 2013). CE-QUAL-W2 is a two-dimensional (2D) longitudinal/vertical hydrodynamic and water quality model for surface water bodies, modeling eutrophication processes such as temperature-nutrient-algae-dissolved oxygen-organic matter and sediment relationships. The numerical method used for calibration in this study is the particle swarm optimization method developed by Kennedy and Eberhart (1995) and inspired by the paradigm of birds flocking. The objective of this calibration procedure is to choose model parameters and coefficients affecting temperature, chlorophyll a, dissolved oxygen, and nutrients (such as NH4, NO3, and PO4). A case study is presented for the Karkheh Reservoir in Iran with a capacity of more than 5 billion cubic meters that is the largest dam in Iran with both agricultural and drinking water usages. This algorithm is shown to perform very well for determining model parameters for the reservoir water quality and hydrodynamic model. Implications of the use of this procedure for other water quality models are also shown. Title: Automatic Calibration of Water Quality and Hydrodynamic Model (CE-QUAL-W2) Author: Shojaei, Nasim Year: 2014 One of the most important purposes of surface water resource management is to develop predictive models to assist in identifying and evaluating operational and structural measures for improving water quality. To better understand the effects of external and internal nutrient and organic loading and the effects of reservoir operation, a model is often developed, calibrated, and used for sensitivity and management simulations. The importance of modeling and simulation in the scientific community has drawn interest towards methods for automated calibration. This study addresses using an automatic technique to calibrate the water quality model CE-QUAL-W2 (Cole and Wells, 2013). CE-QUAL-W2 is a two-dimensional (2D) longitudinal/vertical hydrodynamic and water quality model for surface water bodies, modeling eutrophication processes such as temperature-nutrient-algae-dissolved oxygen-organic matter and sediment relationships. The numerical method used for calibration in this study is the particle swarm optimization method developed by Kennedy and Eberhart (1995) and inspired by the paradigm of birds flocking. The objective of this calibration procedure is to choose model parameters and coefficients affecting temperature, chlorophyll a, dissolved oxygen, and nutrients (such as NH4, NO3, and PO4). A case study is presented for the Karkheh Reservoir in Iran with a capacity of more than 5 billion cubic meters that is the largest dam in Iran with both agricultural and drinking water usages. This algorithm is shown to perform very well for determining model parameters for the reservoir water quality and hydrodynamic model. Implications of the use of this procedure for other water quality models are also shown. Close

• 88. [Article] Deschutes Basin ground water study area zones of impact and ground water/surface water interaction, hydraulic head, & flow direction

  This archived document is maintained by the Oregon State Library as part of the Oregon Documents Depository Program. It is for informational purposes and may not be suitable for legal purposes.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Deschutes Basin ground water study area zones of impact and ground water/surface water interaction, hydraulic head, & flow direction This archived document is maintained by the Oregon State Library as part of the Oregon Documents Depository Program. It is for informational purposes and may not be suitable for legal purposes. Title: Deschutes Basin ground water study area zones of impact and ground water/surface water interaction, hydraulic head, & flow direction This archived document is maintained by the Oregon State Library as part of the Oregon Documents Depository Program. It is for informational purposes and may not be suitable for legal purposes. Close

• 89. [Article] Chlorophyll enchancement and mixing associated with meanders of the shelf break front in the Mid-Atlantic Bight

  copyrighted by American Geophysical Union

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Chlorophyll enchancement and mixing associated with meanders of the shelf break front in the Mid-Atlantic Bight Author: Yoder, J. A., Cornillon, P. C., Barth, John A., Ryan, J. P. copyrighted by American Geophysical Union Title: Chlorophyll enchancement and mixing associated with meanders of the shelf break front in the Mid-Atlantic Bight Author: Yoder, J. A., Cornillon, P. C., Barth, John A., Ryan, J. P. copyrighted by American Geophysical Union Close

• 90. [Article] Anthropogenic CO₂ invasion into the northeast Pacific based on concurrent δ¹³CDIC and nutrient profiles from the California Current

  The stable isotopic signature of dissolved inorganic carbon (δ¹³CDIC) in the northeast Pacific Ocean is lower in near-surface waters by 1.1‰ relative to values predicted from global oceanic trends of ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Anthropogenic CO₂ invasion into the northeast Pacific based on concurrent δ¹³CDIC and nutrient profiles from the California Current Author: Wheeler, Patricia A., Key, R. M., Mix, Alan C., Ortiz, Joseph D. The stable isotopic signature of dissolved inorganic carbon (δ¹³CDIC) in the northeast Pacific Ocean is lower in near-surface waters by 1.1‰ relative to values predicted from global oceanic trends of δ¹³CDIC versus nutrients. A combination of anthropogenic carbon uptake from the atmosphere and thermodynamic, air-sea gas exchange processes in different water mass source areas account for the isotopic depletion. Here we evaluate the efficacy of using a concurrent nutrient-δ¹³C strategy to separate these two effects, with the goal of improving estimates of anthropogenic carbon uptake over the course of the Industrial Revolution. In depth profiles from the sea surface to 2500 m at four stations across the California Current (42ºN), nitrate, rather than phosphate, is best correlated to δ¹³CDIC providing the best choice for this experiment. On the basis of an assumption of no anthropogenic carbon in North Pacific Deep Waters between 1000–2500 m depth (potential densities, σθ ~ 27.3–27.7), the “anthropogenic – preanthropogenic” carbon isotope shift (∆δ¹³Ca–p) in near-surface waters of the northeast Pacific is inferred to be -0.62 ± 0.17‰, while the thermodynamic air-sea gas exchange signature is estimated at -0.48 ± 0.17‰. Values of ∆δ¹³Ca–p (similar to the regional patterns of ∆¹4C and Tritium penetration) approach zero for σθ > 26.8, indicating little penetration of anthropogenic carbon into the North pacific Intermediate Water or the upper North pacific Deep Water. Our results suggest an upper North Pacific sink of anthropogenic carbon over the past ~200 years that is ~40% greater than that estimated for the interval between ~1970 and ~1990 by Quay et al. [1992]. Our estimate of the North Pacific inventory of anthropogenic carbon, added to published estimates from the North Atlantic and Indian Ocean, is smaller than model predictions of the total carbon sink, suggesting that a significant portion of anthropogenic carbon enters the deep sea via the Southern Ocean. Title: Anthropogenic CO₂ invasion into the northeast Pacific based on concurrent δ¹³CDIC and nutrient profiles from the California Current Author: Wheeler, Patricia A., Key, R. M., Mix, Alan C., Ortiz, Joseph D. The stable isotopic signature of dissolved inorganic carbon (δ¹³CDIC) in the northeast Pacific Ocean is lower in near-surface waters by 1.1‰ relative to values predicted from global oceanic trends of δ¹³CDIC versus nutrients. A combination of anthropogenic carbon uptake from the atmosphere and thermodynamic, air-sea gas exchange processes in different water mass source areas account for the isotopic depletion. Here we evaluate the efficacy of using a concurrent nutrient-δ¹³C strategy to separate these two effects, with the goal of improving estimates of anthropogenic carbon uptake over the course of the Industrial Revolution. In depth profiles from the sea surface to 2500 m at four stations across the California Current (42ºN), nitrate, rather than phosphate, is best correlated to δ¹³CDIC providing the best choice for this experiment. On the basis of an assumption of no anthropogenic carbon in North Pacific Deep Waters between 1000–2500 m depth (potential densities, σθ ~ 27.3–27.7), the “anthropogenic – preanthropogenic” carbon isotope shift (∆δ¹³Ca–p) in near-surface waters of the northeast Pacific is inferred to be -0.62 ± 0.17‰, while the thermodynamic air-sea gas exchange signature is estimated at -0.48 ± 0.17‰. Values of ∆δ¹³Ca–p (similar to the regional patterns of ∆¹4C and Tritium penetration) approach zero for σθ > 26.8, indicating little penetration of anthropogenic carbon into the North pacific Intermediate Water or the upper North pacific Deep Water. Our results suggest an upper North Pacific sink of anthropogenic carbon over the past ~200 years that is ~40% greater than that estimated for the interval between ~1970 and ~1990 by Quay et al. [1992]. Our estimate of the North Pacific inventory of anthropogenic carbon, added to published estimates from the North Atlantic and Indian Ocean, is smaller than model predictions of the total carbon sink, suggesting that a significant portion of anthropogenic carbon enters the deep sea via the Southern Ocean. Close

• 91. [Article] CTD and velocity surveys of seaward jets off Northern California, July 1981 and 1982

  Two mesoscale surveys were conducted (in July 1981 and July 1982) near Point Arena, California, to determine the structure and circulation associated with tongues of cold surface water extending seaward from ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: CTD and velocity surveys of seaward jets off Northern California, July 1981 and 1982 Author: Huyer, Adriana, 1945-, Kosro, P. Michael, 1951- Two mesoscale surveys were conducted (in July 1981 and July 1982) near Point Arena, California, to determine the structure and circulation associated with tongues of cold surface water extending seaward from the coastal zone. Both surveys were designed at sea on the basis of available satellite IR data, and each was completed in less than a week. Sampling extended 100 km alongshore and 150 km (1981) to 250 km (1982) offshore, and included conductivity, temperature, and depth casts to 500 dbar, and continuous ocean current profiling to 150 m by means of a Doppler acoustic log. Both surveys showed that the tongues of cold water seen in the satellite images were the surface manifestation of hydrographic and current anomalies that extended to a depth of at least 100 m. In each case, strong seaward flow was observed along the northern edge of the cold tongue, which also marked a shallow water mass boundary between low-salinity (< 32.8 ppt) surface waters to the north and high-salinity (> 33.2 ppt) waters to the south. The seaward jets were very strong (up to 80 cm/s) and narrow (30 km), with strong shears (up to 10- 2 S- 1 in the vertical and up to 10^(-4)/s in the horizontal). They were largely geostrophic, had transports exceeding 1.5 sverdrups, and can persist for 2-3 weeks. The seaward jets seemed to be continuous with southward flowing alongshore coastal jets. There is evidence that the seaward jets are recurrent features in the vicinity of Point Arena. Title: CTD and velocity surveys of seaward jets off Northern California, July 1981 and 1982 Author: Huyer, Adriana, 1945-, Kosro, P. Michael, 1951- Two mesoscale surveys were conducted (in July 1981 and July 1982) near Point Arena, California, to determine the structure and circulation associated with tongues of cold surface water extending seaward from the coastal zone. Both surveys were designed at sea on the basis of available satellite IR data, and each was completed in less than a week. Sampling extended 100 km alongshore and 150 km (1981) to 250 km (1982) offshore, and included conductivity, temperature, and depth casts to 500 dbar, and continuous ocean current profiling to 150 m by means of a Doppler acoustic log. Both surveys showed that the tongues of cold water seen in the satellite images were the surface manifestation of hydrographic and current anomalies that extended to a depth of at least 100 m. In each case, strong seaward flow was observed along the northern edge of the cold tongue, which also marked a shallow water mass boundary between low-salinity (< 32.8 ppt) surface waters to the north and high-salinity (> 33.2 ppt) waters to the south. The seaward jets were very strong (up to 80 cm/s) and narrow (30 km), with strong shears (up to 10- 2 S- 1 in the vertical and up to 10^(-4)/s in the horizontal). They were largely geostrophic, had transports exceeding 1.5 sverdrups, and can persist for 2-3 weeks. The seaward jets seemed to be continuous with southward flowing alongshore coastal jets. There is evidence that the seaward jets are recurrent features in the vicinity of Point Arena. Close

• 92. [Article] Effects of Beaver Dams on Surface Water Flow During Storm Events in an Urban Landscape

  Urban land-use generally alters the hydrologic cycle, leading to changes in the natural flow regime of local streams. Runoff from impervious surfaces and routing of stormwater to streams causes urban streams ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Effects of Beaver Dams on Surface Water Flow During Storm Events in an Urban Landscape Author: Poor, Erin Year: 2017 Urban land-use generally alters the hydrologic cycle, leading to changes in the natural flow regime of local streams. Runoff from impervious surfaces and routing of stormwater to streams causes urban streams to respond quickly and more intensely to storm events-more so than then would be observed in a less urbanized landscape. The rapid pulse of water that is routed to streams during precipitation events can degrade the physical structure of the channel and alter water quality and habitat availability. To manage these common urban stream issues, agencies have been seeking alternative ways of restoring and enhancing resilience in urban stream networks within the constraints of existing infrastructure. One potential strategy may be to support beaver recolonization of urban streams. This is because beaver dam building activity has been found to attenuate streamflow in areas that have experienced minimal human impact. Currently, however, no studies have been published that examine how beaver dams affect stream flow in altered urban systems. This study seeks to determine if the presence of beaver dams and ponds in urban stream reaches in the Tualatin River basin, Oregon, modifies the stream’s response to storm events. Continuous surface water levels are being collected upstream and downstream of two beaver affected reaches in order to determine how the presence of dams and ponds affect the flow regime, and whether this more closely resembles a less degraded state. Title: Effects of Beaver Dams on Surface Water Flow During Storm Events in an Urban Landscape Author: Poor, Erin Year: 2017 Urban land-use generally alters the hydrologic cycle, leading to changes in the natural flow regime of local streams. Runoff from impervious surfaces and routing of stormwater to streams causes urban streams to respond quickly and more intensely to storm events-more so than then would be observed in a less urbanized landscape. The rapid pulse of water that is routed to streams during precipitation events can degrade the physical structure of the channel and alter water quality and habitat availability. To manage these common urban stream issues, agencies have been seeking alternative ways of restoring and enhancing resilience in urban stream networks within the constraints of existing infrastructure. One potential strategy may be to support beaver recolonization of urban streams. This is because beaver dam building activity has been found to attenuate streamflow in areas that have experienced minimal human impact. Currently, however, no studies have been published that examine how beaver dams affect stream flow in altered urban systems. This study seeks to determine if the presence of beaver dams and ponds in urban stream reaches in the Tualatin River basin, Oregon, modifies the stream’s response to storm events. Continuous surface water levels are being collected upstream and downstream of two beaver affected reaches in order to determine how the presence of dams and ponds affect the flow regime, and whether this more closely resembles a less degraded state. Close

• 93. [Article] Air-water CO₂ fluxes in the microtidal Neuse River Estuary, North Carolina

  This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the American Geophysical Union and can be found at: http://www.agu.org/journals/jgr/.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Air-water CO₂ fluxes in the microtidal Neuse River Estuary, North Carolina Author: Paerl, Hans W., Hales, Burke, Crosswell, Joseph R., Wetz, Michael S. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the American Geophysical Union and can be found at: http://www.agu.org/journals/jgr/. Title: Air-water CO₂ fluxes in the microtidal Neuse River Estuary, North Carolina Author: Paerl, Hans W., Hales, Burke, Crosswell, Joseph R., Wetz, Michael S. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the American Geophysical Union and can be found at: http://www.agu.org/journals/jgr/. Close

• 94. [Article] Estimation of Surface Water Temperature of the Tigris River System in Iraq

  Monitoring surface water temperatures (Tw) in lakes, rivers, and reservoirs is a key component of environmental management and influences water quality by affecting bio-geo chemical reaction rates, altering ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Estimation of Surface Water Temperature of the Tigris River System in Iraq Author: Al-Murib, M., Wells, Scott A., Talke, Stefan A. Year: 2017 Monitoring surface water temperatures (Tw) in lakes, rivers, and reservoirs is a key component of environmental management and influences water quality by affecting bio-geo chemical reaction rates, altering the saturation concentration of dissolved oxygen (DO), and influencing the susceptibility of fish to disease. Temperatures in the Tigris River, one of the largest rivers in the Middle East, are influenced by factors such as heat fluxes at the air-water and human activities such as direct discharge of water to the river. However, modeling and management of water temperature is limited by a paucity of in-situ data, which prevents calibration of models. In this study, we infill data gaps by estimating Tw using the thermal bands of both the Landsat 5 TM and Landsat 7 ETM+ sensors. These satellite-based estimates, typically measured once or twice a month with 60-120m resolution, are then used to develop a regression model that relates daily water temperature to daily air temperature and river flow. These estimates are used to define the Tw boundary conditions for a hydrodynamic and water quality model of the Tigris River based on a 2D implementation of the CE-QUAL-W2 (W2) numerical model. Initial results suggest that there is a significant agreement between modeled and remotely estimated data of Tw. Results suggest that short-wave solar radiation is the most important factor that controls seasonal Tw variations. However, anthropogenic influence is observed as a result of return irrigation flows and flows from Tharthar Lake. Title: Estimation of Surface Water Temperature of the Tigris River System in Iraq Author: Al-Murib, M., Wells, Scott A., Talke, Stefan A. Year: 2017 Monitoring surface water temperatures (Tw) in lakes, rivers, and reservoirs is a key component of environmental management and influences water quality by affecting bio-geo chemical reaction rates, altering the saturation concentration of dissolved oxygen (DO), and influencing the susceptibility of fish to disease. Temperatures in the Tigris River, one of the largest rivers in the Middle East, are influenced by factors such as heat fluxes at the air-water and human activities such as direct discharge of water to the river. However, modeling and management of water temperature is limited by a paucity of in-situ data, which prevents calibration of models. In this study, we infill data gaps by estimating Tw using the thermal bands of both the Landsat 5 TM and Landsat 7 ETM+ sensors. These satellite-based estimates, typically measured once or twice a month with 60-120m resolution, are then used to develop a regression model that relates daily water temperature to daily air temperature and river flow. These estimates are used to define the Tw boundary conditions for a hydrodynamic and water quality model of the Tigris River based on a 2D implementation of the CE-QUAL-W2 (W2) numerical model. Initial results suggest that there is a significant agreement between modeled and remotely estimated data of Tw. Results suggest that short-wave solar radiation is the most important factor that controls seasonal Tw variations. However, anthropogenic influence is observed as a result of return irrigation flows and flows from Tharthar Lake. Close

• 95. [Article] Wind-driven transport pathways for Eurasian Arctic river discharge

  copyrighted by the American Geophysical Union

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Wind-driven transport pathways for Eurasian Arctic river discharge Author: Muench, Robin D., Mensch, Manfred, Guay, Christopher K. H., Falkner, Kelly, Bayer, Reinhold, Frank, Markus copyrighted by the American Geophysical Union Title: Wind-driven transport pathways for Eurasian Arctic river discharge Author: Muench, Robin D., Mensch, Manfred, Guay, Christopher K. H., Falkner, Kelly, Bayer, Reinhold, Frank, Markus copyrighted by the American Geophysical Union Close

• 96. [Article] Meridional fluxes of dissolved silicon in the southern ocean

  Meridional fluxes of silica across the Southern Ocean polar front are attributed to two different processes which generally act in opposite directions. Equatorward low frequency fluxes of silica inferred ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Meridional fluxes of dissolved silicon in the southern ocean Author: Jennings, Joe C. Meridional fluxes of silica across the Southern Ocean polar front are attributed to two different processes which generally act in opposite directions. Equatorward low frequency fluxes of silica inferred from ISOS current meter data in the Drake Passage are approximately balanced by poleward meridional diffusion of silica along surfaces of constant potential density. Considering only these two processes, a balance of the silicon budget in the Circumpolar Current can be achieved. The poleward diffusive flux along shoaling density surfaces may uaintain the high silicon concentrations characteristic of Antarctic surface waters south of the frontal zone. Title: Meridional fluxes of dissolved silicon in the southern ocean Author: Jennings, Joe C. Meridional fluxes of silica across the Southern Ocean polar front are attributed to two different processes which generally act in opposite directions. Equatorward low frequency fluxes of silica inferred from ISOS current meter data in the Drake Passage are approximately balanced by poleward meridional diffusion of silica along surfaces of constant potential density. Considering only these two processes, a balance of the silicon budget in the Circumpolar Current can be achieved. The poleward diffusive flux along shoaling density surfaces may uaintain the high silicon concentrations characteristic of Antarctic surface waters south of the frontal zone. Close

• 97. [Article] Flow-Solute : A Tool for Exploring the Effects of Nitrogen Management in Alternative Future Scenarios

  Surface water quality is a growing concern in the Willamette River Basin and elsewhere. The region's growing population is dependent on the availability of clean water for drinking water, irrigation, wastewater ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Flow-Solute : A Tool for Exploring the Effects of Nitrogen Management in Alternative Future Scenarios Author: Wentworth, Andrew Michael Surface water quality is a growing concern in the Willamette River Basin and elsewhere. The region's growing population is dependent on the availability of clean water for drinking water, irrigation, wastewater dilution, and wildlife habitat. Watershed management to produce economic goods and environmental services requires an understanding of basic hydrologic processes in addition to tools that accurately represent the interactions between human activity, biophysical processes, and climate change. In this study we developed a plug-in for the Envision modeling framework to explore where interactions between climate change and human activities are most likely to result in impaired water quality. This study has two primary objectives. The first is to develop a plug-in for Envision that can accurately simulate the effect of agricultural practices (e.g. fertilizer application rates and timing, crop selection, etc.) on the system's nitrogen budget. The second objective is to explore the landscape response to three future scenarios of changing climate, agricultural practices, and conservation actions as measured by nitrogen loading to surface waters in the Calapooia River Basin. The model we developed for this study was created by integrating algorithms from two widely used models: a conceptual hydrologic model and a nitrogen dynamics model. A number of changes were required to merge the two models and the accuracy of streamflow predictions suffered. The result of the scenario analysis was consistent with our expectations beginning the study: warmer and wetter climate scenarios were associated with higher annual nitrogen export rates, and policies that resulted in lower fertilizer application led to a decrease in annual nitrogen export rates. Title: Flow-Solute : A Tool for Exploring the Effects of Nitrogen Management in Alternative Future Scenarios Author: Wentworth, Andrew Michael Surface water quality is a growing concern in the Willamette River Basin and elsewhere. The region's growing population is dependent on the availability of clean water for drinking water, irrigation, wastewater dilution, and wildlife habitat. Watershed management to produce economic goods and environmental services requires an understanding of basic hydrologic processes in addition to tools that accurately represent the interactions between human activity, biophysical processes, and climate change. In this study we developed a plug-in for the Envision modeling framework to explore where interactions between climate change and human activities are most likely to result in impaired water quality. This study has two primary objectives. The first is to develop a plug-in for Envision that can accurately simulate the effect of agricultural practices (e.g. fertilizer application rates and timing, crop selection, etc.) on the system's nitrogen budget. The second objective is to explore the landscape response to three future scenarios of changing climate, agricultural practices, and conservation actions as measured by nitrogen loading to surface waters in the Calapooia River Basin. The model we developed for this study was created by integrating algorithms from two widely used models: a conceptual hydrologic model and a nitrogen dynamics model. A number of changes were required to merge the two models and the accuracy of streamflow predictions suffered. The result of the scenario analysis was consistent with our expectations beginning the study: warmer and wetter climate scenarios were associated with higher annual nitrogen export rates, and policies that resulted in lower fertilizer application led to a decrease in annual nitrogen export rates. Close

• 98. [Article] Primary productivity in the southeast Pacific Ocean : effects of enhanced ultraviolet-B radiation

  Anthropogenic releases of trace gases into the atmosphere are causing a decrease in stratospheric ozone concentrations and a subsequent increase in solar ultraviolet-B (UV-B)(280-320 nm) radiation reaching ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Primary productivity in the southeast Pacific Ocean : effects of enhanced ultraviolet-B radiation Author: Behrenfeld, Mike J. Anthropogenic releases of trace gases into the atmosphere are causing a decrease in stratospheric ozone concentrations and a subsequent increase in solar ultraviolet-B (UV-B)(280-320 nm) radiation reaching the earth's surface. The objective of this study was to determine the acute effects of enhanced UV-B radiation on the primary production of natural marine phytoplankton assemblages sampled over a wide latitudinal gradient and incubated under ambient levels of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). Samples were collected approximately every 2 to 4° latitude in the southeast Pacific. Primary production was measured using the carbon-14 light and dark bottle technique. Fluorescent sunlamps were used to enhance the dose of UV-B radiation above ambient. Samples were maintained at ambient surface water temperature in a flow-through incubation tank. Enhanced UV-B radiation caused a significant mean decrease of 34% in surface water primary production. Decreases in primary production increased with and with increasing assimilation efficiencies. Results indicate that predicted increases in ambient solar UV-B radiation resulting from stratospheric ozone depletion could result in mean annual decreases of near-surface oceanic primary production of less than 1% near the equator to more than 32% at high southern latitudes. Title: Primary productivity in the southeast Pacific Ocean : effects of enhanced ultraviolet-B radiation Author: Behrenfeld, Mike J. Anthropogenic releases of trace gases into the atmosphere are causing a decrease in stratospheric ozone concentrations and a subsequent increase in solar ultraviolet-B (UV-B)(280-320 nm) radiation reaching the earth's surface. The objective of this study was to determine the acute effects of enhanced UV-B radiation on the primary production of natural marine phytoplankton assemblages sampled over a wide latitudinal gradient and incubated under ambient levels of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). Samples were collected approximately every 2 to 4° latitude in the southeast Pacific. Primary production was measured using the carbon-14 light and dark bottle technique. Fluorescent sunlamps were used to enhance the dose of UV-B radiation above ambient. Samples were maintained at ambient surface water temperature in a flow-through incubation tank. Enhanced UV-B radiation caused a significant mean decrease of 34% in surface water primary production. Decreases in primary production increased with and with increasing assimilation efficiencies. Results indicate that predicted increases in ambient solar UV-B radiation resulting from stratospheric ozone depletion could result in mean annual decreases of near-surface oceanic primary production of less than 1% near the equator to more than 32% at high southern latitudes. Close

• 99. [Article] Stable Isotope Variations (δ18O and δD) in Modern Waters Across the Andean Plateau

  Environmental parameters that influence the isotopic composition of meteoric water (δ18O and δD) are well characterized up the windward side of mountains, where orographic precipitation results in a predictable ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Stable Isotope Variations (δ18O and δD) in Modern Waters Across the Andean Plateau Author: Bershaw, John, Saylor, Joel E., Garzione, Carmala N., Leier, Andrew Year: 2016 Environmental parameters that influence the isotopic composition of meteoric water (δ18O and δD) are well characterized up the windward side of mountains, where orographic precipitation results in a predictable relationship between the isotopic composition of precipitation and elevation. The topographic and climatic evolution of the Andean Plateau and surrounding regions has been studied extensively by exploiting this relationship through the use of paleowater proxies. However, interpretation on the plateau itself is challenged by a poor understanding of processes that fractionate isotopes during vapor transport and rainout, and by the relative contribution of unique moisture sources. Here, we present an extensive dataset of modern surface water samples for the northern Andean Plateau and surrounding regions to elucidate patterns and causes of isotope fractionation in this continental environment. These data show a progressive increase in δ18O of stream water west of the Eastern Cordillera (∼1‰/70 km), almost identical to the rate observed across the Tibetan Plateau, attributed to a larger fraction of recycled water in precipitation and/or increased evaporative enrichment downwind. This may lead to underestimates of paleoelevation, particularly for sites deep into the rainshadow of the Eastern Cordilleran crest. That said, elevation is a primary control on the isotopic composition of surface waters across the entire Andean Plateau and its flanks when considering the most negative δ18O values, highlighting the need for sufficiently large datasets to distinguish minimally evaporated samples. There is a general increase in δ18O on the plateau from north to south, concomitant with an increase in aridity and decrease in convective moistening (amount effect). Lastly, stable isotope and seasonal precipitation patterns suggest easterlies provide the vast majority of moisture that falls as precipitation across the Andean Plateau and Western Cordillera, from Peru to northern Bolivia (−13° to −20° latitude), with Pacific-derived moisture contributing a minor amount at low elevations near the coast. Title: Stable Isotope Variations (δ18O and δD) in Modern Waters Across the Andean Plateau Author: Bershaw, John, Saylor, Joel E., Garzione, Carmala N., Leier, Andrew Year: 2016 Environmental parameters that influence the isotopic composition of meteoric water (δ18O and δD) are well characterized up the windward side of mountains, where orographic precipitation results in a predictable relationship between the isotopic composition of precipitation and elevation. The topographic and climatic evolution of the Andean Plateau and surrounding regions has been studied extensively by exploiting this relationship through the use of paleowater proxies. However, interpretation on the plateau itself is challenged by a poor understanding of processes that fractionate isotopes during vapor transport and rainout, and by the relative contribution of unique moisture sources. Here, we present an extensive dataset of modern surface water samples for the northern Andean Plateau and surrounding regions to elucidate patterns and causes of isotope fractionation in this continental environment. These data show a progressive increase in δ18O of stream water west of the Eastern Cordillera (∼1‰/70 km), almost identical to the rate observed across the Tibetan Plateau, attributed to a larger fraction of recycled water in precipitation and/or increased evaporative enrichment downwind. This may lead to underestimates of paleoelevation, particularly for sites deep into the rainshadow of the Eastern Cordilleran crest. That said, elevation is a primary control on the isotopic composition of surface waters across the entire Andean Plateau and its flanks when considering the most negative δ18O values, highlighting the need for sufficiently large datasets to distinguish minimally evaporated samples. There is a general increase in δ18O on the plateau from north to south, concomitant with an increase in aridity and decrease in convective moistening (amount effect). Lastly, stable isotope and seasonal precipitation patterns suggest easterlies provide the vast majority of moisture that falls as precipitation across the Andean Plateau and Western Cordillera, from Peru to northern Bolivia (−13° to −20° latitude), with Pacific-derived moisture contributing a minor amount at low elevations near the coast. Close

• 100. [Article] Impact of Groundwater Contamination in East Multnomah County on the Interlachen Community

  The Friends of Blue and Fairview Lake through the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Technical Assistance Grant (TAG) program contracted with Portland State University faculty and staff to provide an ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Impact of Groundwater Contamination in East Multnomah County on the Interlachen Community Author: Wells, Scott A., Li, ShuGuang, Beeson, Marvin, Cummings, Michael, Pratt, Richard, Annear, Robert Leslie, Brandt, Karann Year: 1996 The Friends of Blue and Fairview Lake through the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Technical Assistance Grant (TAG) program contracted with Portland State University faculty and staff to provide an independent review of the groundwater contamination problem at the Boeing-Cascade site in East Multnomah County. An independent consultant, Karann Brandt, of PRC Environmental Management, Inc., was also assisting the panel with the review. The region of groundwater contamination is a 2.5 square mile region bounded by NE Halsey Blvd. to the Columbia River and NE 178th to NE 223rd (see Figure 1). The groundwater contamination is primarily of volatile organic compounds (like trichloroethylene or TCE). The approximate plume extent is shown in Figure 2 in one of the principal aquifers, the Troutdale Sandstone Aquifer (TSA). Since the Interlachen community in the area of Blue and Fairview Lakes uses groundwater as a community water supply and the lakes as a recreation resource, there are concerns that the groundwater contamination could seriously affect the community by contaminating their water supply and surface water bodies (Fairview Lake, Blue Lake, Columbia Slough) in their vicinity. Much work has been accomplished already by responsible parties (Boeing and Cascade Corporations and their conconsultants. The community was able to secure the EPA TAG to provide an independent review of the contamination problem facing their community and to assist the community in understanding the nature of the contamination problem. Issues of concern identified from this review will be recommended for incorporation in the Department of Environmental Quality’s (DEQ) final Record of Decision concerning site remediation efforts. This review will help assure remediation strategies that protect groundwater and surface water for the Interlachen community will be pursued by the responsible parties. Title: Impact of Groundwater Contamination in East Multnomah County on the Interlachen Community Author: Wells, Scott A., Li, ShuGuang, Beeson, Marvin, Cummings, Michael, Pratt, Richard, Annear, Robert Leslie, Brandt, Karann Year: 1996 The Friends of Blue and Fairview Lake through the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Technical Assistance Grant (TAG) program contracted with Portland State University faculty and staff to provide an independent review of the groundwater contamination problem at the Boeing-Cascade site in East Multnomah County. An independent consultant, Karann Brandt, of PRC Environmental Management, Inc., was also assisting the panel with the review. The region of groundwater contamination is a 2.5 square mile region bounded by NE Halsey Blvd. to the Columbia River and NE 178th to NE 223rd (see Figure 1). The groundwater contamination is primarily of volatile organic compounds (like trichloroethylene or TCE). The approximate plume extent is shown in Figure 2 in one of the principal aquifers, the Troutdale Sandstone Aquifer (TSA). Since the Interlachen community in the area of Blue and Fairview Lakes uses groundwater as a community water supply and the lakes as a recreation resource, there are concerns that the groundwater contamination could seriously affect the community by contaminating their water supply and surface water bodies (Fairview Lake, Blue Lake, Columbia Slough) in their vicinity. Much work has been accomplished already by responsible parties (Boeing and Cascade Corporations and their conconsultants. The community was able to secure the EPA TAG to provide an independent review of the contamination problem facing their community and to assist the community in understanding the nature of the contamination problem. Issues of concern identified from this review will be recommended for incorporation in the Department of Environmental Quality’s (DEQ) final Record of Decision concerning site remediation efforts. This review will help assure remediation strategies that protect groundwater and surface water for the Interlachen community will be pursued by the responsible parties. Close