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• 31. [Article] Addressing Automated Adversaries of Network Applications

  The Internet supports a perpetually evolving patchwork of network services and applications. Popular applications include the World Wide Web, online commerce, online banking, email, instant messaging, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Addressing Automated Adversaries of Network Applications Author: Kaiser, Edward Leo Year: 2010 The Internet supports a perpetually evolving patchwork of network services and applications. Popular applications include the World Wide Web, online commerce, online banking, email, instant messaging, multimedia streaming, and online video games. Practically all networked applications have a common objective: to directly or indirectly process requests generated by humans. Some users employ automation to establish an unfair advantage over non-automated users. The perceived and substantive damages that automated, adversarial users inflict on an application degrade its enjoyment and usability by legitimate users, and result in reputation and revenue loss for the application's service provider. This dissertation examines three challenges critical to addressing the undesirable automation of networked applications. The first challenge explores individual methods that detect various automated behaviors. Detection methods range from observing unusual network-level request traffic to sensing anomalous client operation at the application-level. Since many detection methods are not individually conclusive, the second challenge investigates how to combine detection methods to accurately identify automated adversaries. The third challenge considers how to leverage the available knowledge to disincentivize adversary automation by nullifying their advantage over legitimate users. The thesis of this dissertation is that: there exist methods to detect automated behaviors with which an application's service provider can identify and then systematically disincentivize automated adversaries. This dissertation evaluates this thesis using research performed on two network applications that have different access to the client software: Web-based services and multiplayer online games. Title: Addressing Automated Adversaries of Network Applications Author: Kaiser, Edward Leo Year: 2010 The Internet supports a perpetually evolving patchwork of network services and applications. Popular applications include the World Wide Web, online commerce, online banking, email, instant messaging, multimedia streaming, and online video games. Practically all networked applications have a common objective: to directly or indirectly process requests generated by humans. Some users employ automation to establish an unfair advantage over non-automated users. The perceived and substantive damages that automated, adversarial users inflict on an application degrade its enjoyment and usability by legitimate users, and result in reputation and revenue loss for the application's service provider. This dissertation examines three challenges critical to addressing the undesirable automation of networked applications. The first challenge explores individual methods that detect various automated behaviors. Detection methods range from observing unusual network-level request traffic to sensing anomalous client operation at the application-level. Since many detection methods are not individually conclusive, the second challenge investigates how to combine detection methods to accurately identify automated adversaries. The third challenge considers how to leverage the available knowledge to disincentivize adversary automation by nullifying their advantage over legitimate users. The thesis of this dissertation is that: there exist methods to detect automated behaviors with which an application's service provider can identify and then systematically disincentivize automated adversaries. This dissertation evaluates this thesis using research performed on two network applications that have different access to the client software: Web-based services and multiplayer online games. Close

• 32. [Article] How It Got Here: Teaching 'Format as Process' in an Era of Web-Scale Discovery

  What has the growth in web-scale discovery services meant for information literacy instruction? And what kind of threshold concepts do students need to grasp before they can use these tools effectively? ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: How It Got Here: Teaching 'Format as Process' in an Era of Web-Scale Discovery Author: Seeber, Kevin Year: 2014 What has the growth in web-scale discovery services meant for information literacy instruction? And what kind of threshold concepts do students need to grasp before they can use these tools effectively? This presentation addresses the concept of “format as process,” which emphasizes that evaluating information should focus on how it was produced, rather than how it is accessed. As students navigate discovery tools which combine a wide variety of source types into a single results list, their understanding of this concept is vital to evaluating resources and selecting those which are the most relevant. Learn about how “format as process” can be applied to library instruction sessions though classroom examples, as well as review assessments that help sustain and grow information literacy instruction in a shifting research environment. Title: How It Got Here: Teaching 'Format as Process' in an Era of Web-Scale Discovery Author: Seeber, Kevin Year: 2014 What has the growth in web-scale discovery services meant for information literacy instruction? And what kind of threshold concepts do students need to grasp before they can use these tools effectively? This presentation addresses the concept of “format as process,” which emphasizes that evaluating information should focus on how it was produced, rather than how it is accessed. As students navigate discovery tools which combine a wide variety of source types into a single results list, their understanding of this concept is vital to evaluating resources and selecting those which are the most relevant. Learn about how “format as process” can be applied to library instruction sessions though classroom examples, as well as review assessments that help sustain and grow information literacy instruction in a shifting research environment. Close

• 33. [Article] HealthLinks: A ColdFusion Web Application

  Also published as a chapter in Database-Driven Web Sites (ed: Kristin Antelman) The Haworth Information Press, an imprint of The Haworth Press, Inc., 2002, pp. 63-88.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: HealthLinks: A ColdFusion Web Application Author: Westra, Brian Year: 2010, 2002 Also published as a chapter in Database-Driven Web Sites (ed: Kristin Antelman) The Haworth Information Press, an imprint of The Haworth Press, Inc., 2002, pp. 63-88. Title: HealthLinks: A ColdFusion Web Application Author: Westra, Brian Year: 2010, 2002 Also published as a chapter in Database-Driven Web Sites (ed: Kristin Antelman) The Haworth Information Press, an imprint of The Haworth Press, Inc., 2002, pp. 63-88. Close

• 34. [Article] Quantification of Biomass Production Potentials from Trees Outside Forests—A Case Study from Central Germany

  This is an author's peer-reviewed final manuscript, as accepted by the publisher. The published article is copyrighted by Springer and can be found at: http://www.springer.com/life+sciences/plant+scien...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Quantification of Biomass Production Potentials from Trees Outside Forests—A Case Study from Central Germany Author: Kleinn, Christoph, Busch, Gerald, Krause, Benjamin, Seidel, Dominik, Fessel, Carola, Bade, Claudia This is an author's peer-reviewed final manuscript, as accepted by the publisher. The published article is copyrighted by Springer and can be found at: http://www.springer.com/life+sciences/plant+sciences/journal/12155 Title: Quantification of Biomass Production Potentials from Trees Outside Forests—A Case Study from Central Germany Author: Kleinn, Christoph, Busch, Gerald, Krause, Benjamin, Seidel, Dominik, Fessel, Carola, Bade, Claudia This is an author's peer-reviewed final manuscript, as accepted by the publisher. The published article is copyrighted by Springer and can be found at: http://www.springer.com/life+sciences/plant+sciences/journal/12155 Close

• 35. [Article] Computing News ; vol. 21, no. 03 (Summer 2006)

  24 p.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Computing News ; vol. 21, no. 03 (Summer 2006) Author: University of Oregon. Computing Center, Winslow, Joyce Year: 2006 24 p. Title: Computing News ; vol. 21, no. 03 (Summer 2006) Author: University of Oregon. Computing Center, Winslow, Joyce Year: 2006 24 p. Close

• 36. [Article] Interactive HTML

  As the World Wide Web continues to grow, people clearly want to do much more with it than just publish static pages of text and graphics. While such increased interactivity has traditionally been accomplished ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interactive HTML Author: Hackborn, Dianne As the World Wide Web continues to grow, people clearly want to do much more with it than just publish static pages of text and graphics. While such increased interactivity has traditionally been accomplished through the use of server-side CGI scripts, much recent research on Web browsers has been on extending their capabilities through the addition of various types of client-side services. The most popular of these extensions take the form of plug-ins, applets, and "document scripts" such as Java Script. However, because these extensions have been created in a haphazard way by a variety of independent groups, they suffer greatly in terms of flexibility, uniformity, and interoperability. Interactive HTML is a system that addresses these problems by combining plug-ins, applets, and document scripts into one uniform and cohesive architecture. It is implemented as an external C library that can be used by a browser programmer to add client-side services to the browser. The IHTML services are implemented as dynamically loaded "language modules," allowing new plug-ins and language interpreters to be added to an iHTML browser without recompiling the browser itself. The system is currently integrated with NCSA's X Mosaic browser and includes language modules for a text viewer plug-in and Python language interpreter. This thesis examines the iHTML architecture in the context of the historical development of Web client-side services and presents an example of iHTML's use to collect usage information about Web documents. Title: Interactive HTML Author: Hackborn, Dianne As the World Wide Web continues to grow, people clearly want to do much more with it than just publish static pages of text and graphics. While such increased interactivity has traditionally been accomplished through the use of server-side CGI scripts, much recent research on Web browsers has been on extending their capabilities through the addition of various types of client-side services. The most popular of these extensions take the form of plug-ins, applets, and "document scripts" such as Java Script. However, because these extensions have been created in a haphazard way by a variety of independent groups, they suffer greatly in terms of flexibility, uniformity, and interoperability. Interactive HTML is a system that addresses these problems by combining plug-ins, applets, and document scripts into one uniform and cohesive architecture. It is implemented as an external C library that can be used by a browser programmer to add client-side services to the browser. The IHTML services are implemented as dynamically loaded "language modules," allowing new plug-ins and language interpreters to be added to an iHTML browser without recompiling the browser itself. The system is currently integrated with NCSA's X Mosaic browser and includes language modules for a text viewer plug-in and Python language interpreter. This thesis examines the iHTML architecture in the context of the historical development of Web client-side services and presents an example of iHTML's use to collect usage information about Web documents. Close

• 37. [Article] Ecosystem services online : an overview of web-based resources

  2 pages

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Ecosystem services online : an overview of web-based resources Author: University of Oregon. Ecosystem Workforce Program Year: 2016, 2013 2 pages Title: Ecosystem services online : an overview of web-based resources Author: University of Oregon. Ecosystem Workforce Program Year: 2016, 2013 2 pages Close

• 38. [Article] Teaching “Format as a Process” In an Era of Web-scale Discovery

  Purpose- Advancements in online discovery require academic librarians to develop new means of teaching and assessing information literacy, with an emphasis on having students employ critical thinking to ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Teaching “Format as a Process” In an Era of Web-scale Discovery Author: Seeber, Kevin Year: 2014 Purpose- Advancements in online discovery require academic librarians to develop new means of teaching and assessing information literacy, with an emphasis on having students employ critical thinking to evaluate sources. Design/methodology/approach- This conceptual paper analyzes how the threshold concept “format as a process” could be incorporated into information literacy instruction sessions which address web-scale discovery services and other online search tools. General guidelines for applying this concept are included, along with potential classroom activities and assessments. Findings- Format as a process provides a valuable framework for evaluating information, though librarians need to be mindful of how they present the concept to students. Instruction must be focused on fostering critical thinking skills, rather than how to perform tasks, and assessment must be qualitative in nature. Practical implications- These changes in online searching mean that information literacy programs will need to alter their approach to instruction and move beyond the “one shot” paradigm. Critical evaluation is a sustainable, lifelong skill which will continue to serve students after graduation, but developing that ability requires academic librarians to fulfill new roles in the classroom and on campus. Originality/value- The literature surrounding instruction of web-scale discovery is still limited, and does not incorporate the threshold concepts provided in ACRL’s Framework for Information Literacy in Higher Education. This paper concentrates on one such concept, as well as discusses how future concepts could be addressed. The presentation associated with this article can be accessed at http://archives.pdx.edu/ds/psu/14493. Title: Teaching “Format as a Process” In an Era of Web-scale Discovery Author: Seeber, Kevin Year: 2014 Purpose- Advancements in online discovery require academic librarians to develop new means of teaching and assessing information literacy, with an emphasis on having students employ critical thinking to evaluate sources. Design/methodology/approach- This conceptual paper analyzes how the threshold concept “format as a process” could be incorporated into information literacy instruction sessions which address web-scale discovery services and other online search tools. General guidelines for applying this concept are included, along with potential classroom activities and assessments. Findings- Format as a process provides a valuable framework for evaluating information, though librarians need to be mindful of how they present the concept to students. Instruction must be focused on fostering critical thinking skills, rather than how to perform tasks, and assessment must be qualitative in nature. Practical implications- These changes in online searching mean that information literacy programs will need to alter their approach to instruction and move beyond the “one shot” paradigm. Critical evaluation is a sustainable, lifelong skill which will continue to serve students after graduation, but developing that ability requires academic librarians to fulfill new roles in the classroom and on campus. Originality/value- The literature surrounding instruction of web-scale discovery is still limited, and does not incorporate the threshold concepts provided in ACRL’s Framework for Information Literacy in Higher Education. This paper concentrates on one such concept, as well as discusses how future concepts could be addressed. The presentation associated with this article can be accessed at http://archives.pdx.edu/ds/psu/14493. Close

• 39. [Article] Measuring the Value of Forage Fish to Recreational Fishermen

  Fisheries management has been traditionally single-species oriented. Only recently more pressure has been put on developing a holistic, science-based approach that considers the ecosystem as a whole. This ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Measuring the Value of Forage Fish to Recreational Fishermen Author: Lipton, Doug, Hutniczak, Barbara, Townsend, Howard Fisheries management has been traditionally single-species oriented. Only recently more pressure has been put on developing a holistic, science-based approach that considers the ecosystem as a whole. This approach is widely known as ecosystem-based fisheries management (EBFM). One of the most often highlighted aspects of EBFM is the relevance of predator-prey interactions in the aquatic ecosystems. The motivation is that there are considerable trade-offs between the supporting role of forage species as energy conveyors in food webs and provisioning service as target species to fisheries. We study this aspect by looking at the Chesapeake Bay. The motivation is a recent debate on the potential impact of excessive forage base fishing. In particular, we are interested in the propagation of forage overfishing through the food web and its influence on more valuable, higher trophic species fisheries. We develop a Bayesian model of recreational harvest of striped bass where benefits are derived from stock size as well as age structure. The age structure drives the probability of catching a fish of a particular size what is of considerable importance to the fishery highly constrained by minimum catch size regulations. Then, using a dynamic multispecies framework (Ecosim) and modified random utility model, we analyze multiple scenarios varying by menhaden regulations and derive benefits changes imposed on the striped bass recreational fishery. We focus on the recreational sector as recent research indicates that the recreational fishing is becoming increasingly important and new management strategies may be necessary to address this shifting trend. Title: Measuring the Value of Forage Fish to Recreational Fishermen Author: Lipton, Doug, Hutniczak, Barbara, Townsend, Howard Fisheries management has been traditionally single-species oriented. Only recently more pressure has been put on developing a holistic, science-based approach that considers the ecosystem as a whole. This approach is widely known as ecosystem-based fisheries management (EBFM). One of the most often highlighted aspects of EBFM is the relevance of predator-prey interactions in the aquatic ecosystems. The motivation is that there are considerable trade-offs between the supporting role of forage species as energy conveyors in food webs and provisioning service as target species to fisheries. We study this aspect by looking at the Chesapeake Bay. The motivation is a recent debate on the potential impact of excessive forage base fishing. In particular, we are interested in the propagation of forage overfishing through the food web and its influence on more valuable, higher trophic species fisheries. We develop a Bayesian model of recreational harvest of striped bass where benefits are derived from stock size as well as age structure. The age structure drives the probability of catching a fish of a particular size what is of considerable importance to the fishery highly constrained by minimum catch size regulations. Then, using a dynamic multispecies framework (Ecosim) and modified random utility model, we analyze multiple scenarios varying by menhaden regulations and derive benefits changes imposed on the striped bass recreational fishery. We focus on the recreational sector as recent research indicates that the recreational fishing is becoming increasingly important and new management strategies may be necessary to address this shifting trend. Close

• 40. [Article] Using Spammers' Computing Resources for Volunteer Computing

  Spammers are continually looking to circumvent counter-measures seeking to slow them down. An immense amount of time and money is currently devoted to hiding spam, but not enough is devoted to effectively ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Using Spammers' Computing Resources for Volunteer Computing Author: Bui, Thai Le Quy Year: 2014 Spammers are continually looking to circumvent counter-measures seeking to slow them down. An immense amount of time and money is currently devoted to hiding spam, but not enough is devoted to effectively preventing it. One approach for preventing spam is to force the spammer's machine to solve a computational problem of varying difficulty before granting access. The idea is that suspicious or problematic requests are given difficult problems to solve while legitimate requests are allowed through with minimal computation. Unfortunately, most systems that employ this model waste the computing resources being used, as they are directed towards solving cryptographic problems that provide no societal benefit. While systems such as reCAPTCHA and FoldIt have allowed users to contribute solutions to useful problems interactively, an analogous solution for non-interactive proof-of-work does not exist. Towards this end, this paper describes MetaCAPTCHA and reBOINC, an infrastructure for supporting useful proof-of-work that is integrated into a web spam throttling service. The infrastructure dynamically issues CAPTCHAs and proof-of-work puzzles while ensuring that malicious users solve challenging puzzles. Additionally, it provides a framework that enables the computational resources of spammers to be redirected towards meaningful research. To validate the efficacy of our approach, prototype implementations based on OpenCV and BOINC are described that demonstrate the ability to harvest spammer's resources for beneficial purposes. Title: Using Spammers' Computing Resources for Volunteer Computing Author: Bui, Thai Le Quy Year: 2014 Spammers are continually looking to circumvent counter-measures seeking to slow them down. An immense amount of time and money is currently devoted to hiding spam, but not enough is devoted to effectively preventing it. One approach for preventing spam is to force the spammer's machine to solve a computational problem of varying difficulty before granting access. The idea is that suspicious or problematic requests are given difficult problems to solve while legitimate requests are allowed through with minimal computation. Unfortunately, most systems that employ this model waste the computing resources being used, as they are directed towards solving cryptographic problems that provide no societal benefit. While systems such as reCAPTCHA and FoldIt have allowed users to contribute solutions to useful problems interactively, an analogous solution for non-interactive proof-of-work does not exist. Towards this end, this paper describes MetaCAPTCHA and reBOINC, an infrastructure for supporting useful proof-of-work that is integrated into a web spam throttling service. The infrastructure dynamically issues CAPTCHAs and proof-of-work puzzles while ensuring that malicious users solve challenging puzzles. Additionally, it provides a framework that enables the computational resources of spammers to be redirected towards meaningful research. To validate the efficacy of our approach, prototype implementations based on OpenCV and BOINC are described that demonstrate the ability to harvest spammer's resources for beneficial purposes. Close