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• 31. [Article] Institutional capacity building through land and water stewardship integration- an analysis of source water protection in Corvallis, Oregon

  Globally, access to safe, reliable drinking water sources is a major challenge of this generation. Protected sources of drinking water provide communities with a sustainable, vital resource, yet many public ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Institutional capacity building through land and water stewardship integration- an analysis of source water protection in Corvallis, Oregon Author: Odom, Olivia Globally, access to safe, reliable drinking water sources is a major challenge of this generation. Protected sources of drinking water provide communities with a sustainable, vital resource, yet many public water suppliers lack legal authority over their source water protection (SWP) area, especially in surface water systems. Absence of legal authority and ownership restricts institutional capacity. In the absence of legal authority and land ownership, strong social capacity supplements weak institutional capacity for SWP. Using a case study approach, this paper presents a national experience survey of municipal approaches to increasing institutional capacity for SWP; details SWP programs of two similar municipalities; uses those findings to inform the creation of a SWP plan in Corvallis, Oregon with particular attention paid to the augmentation of institutional capacity by integration with existing environmental stewardship organizations; compares institutional outcomes; and finds that social capacity maximization is a viable approach to SWP. Title: Institutional capacity building through land and water stewardship integration- an analysis of source water protection in Corvallis, Oregon Author: Odom, Olivia Globally, access to safe, reliable drinking water sources is a major challenge of this generation. Protected sources of drinking water provide communities with a sustainable, vital resource, yet many public water suppliers lack legal authority over their source water protection (SWP) area, especially in surface water systems. Absence of legal authority and ownership restricts institutional capacity. In the absence of legal authority and land ownership, strong social capacity supplements weak institutional capacity for SWP. Using a case study approach, this paper presents a national experience survey of municipal approaches to increasing institutional capacity for SWP; details SWP programs of two similar municipalities; uses those findings to inform the creation of a SWP plan in Corvallis, Oregon with particular attention paid to the augmentation of institutional capacity by integration with existing environmental stewardship organizations; compares institutional outcomes; and finds that social capacity maximization is a viable approach to SWP. Close

• 32. [Article] An evaluation of a water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) program for rural communities in northern Afghanistan

  The Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) sector of international development works to increase access to sustainable, safe water and improved sanitation. Currently, at least 780 million people live without ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: An evaluation of a water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) program for rural communities in northern Afghanistan Author: Costello, Denise H. The Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) sector of international development works to increase access to sustainable, safe water and improved sanitation. Currently, at least 780 million people live without clean drinking water and 2.5 billion without access to improved sanitation (UNICEF & World Health Organization, 2012). Lack of access to these human rights is a major cause of diarrheal disease, which annually kills nearly 760,000 children under the age of five. Many institutions, including the United Nations (UN), non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and local governments are working to resolve this inequality by increasing safe water access, providing sanitation facilities, and improving knowledge and practice of healthy hygiene behaviors. Implementing agencies often self-monitor their efforts and, due to funding challenges, only through the life of the project. This study attempts to evaluate the longer-term effectiveness of an NGO's WASH program in Balkh Province, Afghanistan by investigating five questions, post program 1) was access to safe drinking water improved; 2) how is the spatial distribution of households relative to water sources related to safety of stored drinking water; 3) was there an increase in WASH knowledge; 4) was there an increase in WASH practices; 5) was stored household drinking water safe for consumption? In August to September 2012, an evaluation was conducted of the longer-term effectiveness of a 2009 WASH program in northern Afghanistan. A total of 59 households from four villages took part in the follow-up survey that collected information regarding drinking water, sanitation, health behaviors, and storage or treatment of drinking water. With permission of the participants, drinking water samples were collected and tested for any presence of E. coli, an indicator of fecal contamination. Additionally, samples were taken and analyzed from 15 drinking water sources, 13 of which were public boreholes. Lastly, a Garmin GPS device was used to collect latitude and longitude location of important points during the field research. This information was used to conduct a spatial analysis of well distribution throughout the villages. Survey results showed increases in several beneficial health behaviors, such as using boreholes as the main source of household drinking water, having a specific place to wash hands after using toilet facilities, and having soap in that specific area. Also, based on results of the spatial analysis, access to improved water sources was increased. The practice of treating water in the home dropped significantly. Biosand Filter technology introduced during the WASH program had been adopted by only a small percentage of households. Of the 54 surveyed households that gave permission to sample, 40 had drinking water that tested positive for presence of E. coli. In contrast, a majority of borehole samples provided water that was free of E. coli. Lastly, by examining the spatial distribution of households, it was found that all households beyond 300m from a borehole had drinking water with a presence of E coli. These outcomes make two suggestions. One is that using "1000m from an improved source" as an indicator of accessibility may be too great a distance for households that must collect and carry water, especially when a closer, though contaminated, water option exists. The second is a need for longer term follow-up, especially as behavior change is one of the main goals of the program. More investigation into why families have not adopted handwashing and in home water treatment to a greater extent would be beneficial in creating a stronger WASH program that has greater health impacts. Extended programming is challenging when NGOs are reliant on external funding for program costs. Advocating to funders the importance of longer term monitoring and evaluation as well as reoccurring education programs, could be a vital next step. Title: An evaluation of a water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) program for rural communities in northern Afghanistan Author: Costello, Denise H. The Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) sector of international development works to increase access to sustainable, safe water and improved sanitation. Currently, at least 780 million people live without clean drinking water and 2.5 billion without access to improved sanitation (UNICEF & World Health Organization, 2012). Lack of access to these human rights is a major cause of diarrheal disease, which annually kills nearly 760,000 children under the age of five. Many institutions, including the United Nations (UN), non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and local governments are working to resolve this inequality by increasing safe water access, providing sanitation facilities, and improving knowledge and practice of healthy hygiene behaviors. Implementing agencies often self-monitor their efforts and, due to funding challenges, only through the life of the project. This study attempts to evaluate the longer-term effectiveness of an NGO's WASH program in Balkh Province, Afghanistan by investigating five questions, post program 1) was access to safe drinking water improved; 2) how is the spatial distribution of households relative to water sources related to safety of stored drinking water; 3) was there an increase in WASH knowledge; 4) was there an increase in WASH practices; 5) was stored household drinking water safe for consumption? In August to September 2012, an evaluation was conducted of the longer-term effectiveness of a 2009 WASH program in northern Afghanistan. A total of 59 households from four villages took part in the follow-up survey that collected information regarding drinking water, sanitation, health behaviors, and storage or treatment of drinking water. With permission of the participants, drinking water samples were collected and tested for any presence of E. coli, an indicator of fecal contamination. Additionally, samples were taken and analyzed from 15 drinking water sources, 13 of which were public boreholes. Lastly, a Garmin GPS device was used to collect latitude and longitude location of important points during the field research. This information was used to conduct a spatial analysis of well distribution throughout the villages. Survey results showed increases in several beneficial health behaviors, such as using boreholes as the main source of household drinking water, having a specific place to wash hands after using toilet facilities, and having soap in that specific area. Also, based on results of the spatial analysis, access to improved water sources was increased. The practice of treating water in the home dropped significantly. Biosand Filter technology introduced during the WASH program had been adopted by only a small percentage of households. Of the 54 surveyed households that gave permission to sample, 40 had drinking water that tested positive for presence of E. coli. In contrast, a majority of borehole samples provided water that was free of E. coli. Lastly, by examining the spatial distribution of households, it was found that all households beyond 300m from a borehole had drinking water with a presence of E coli. These outcomes make two suggestions. One is that using "1000m from an improved source" as an indicator of accessibility may be too great a distance for households that must collect and carry water, especially when a closer, though contaminated, water option exists. The second is a need for longer term follow-up, especially as behavior change is one of the main goals of the program. More investigation into why families have not adopted handwashing and in home water treatment to a greater extent would be beneficial in creating a stronger WASH program that has greater health impacts. Extended programming is challenging when NGOs are reliant on external funding for program costs. Advocating to funders the importance of longer term monitoring and evaluation as well as reoccurring education programs, could be a vital next step. Close

• 33. [Article] Even Start Family Literacy Program : similarities and differences between Hispanic and non-Hispanic participants

  This study used a mixed method approach (quantitative and qualitative) to examine the commonalities and differences between Hispanic and non-Hispanic participants of the Even Start Family Literacy Program. ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Even Start Family Literacy Program : similarities and differences between Hispanic and non-Hispanic participants Author: Pamulapati, Sireesha This study used a mixed method approach (quantitative and qualitative) to examine the commonalities and differences between Hispanic and non-Hispanic participants of the Even Start Family Literacy Program. Using a life course perspective, this study examined the educational background and life history of Hispanic and non-Hispanic participants, their reasons and goals for program participation, and changes experienced due to Even Start participation. The sample for the qualitative analysis consisted of 32 Hispanic and 25 non-Hispanic female participants. Quantitative latent growth curve analysis was conducted on 96 (75 Hispanic and 21 Non-Hispanic) participants to measure change over time and to estimate the differences in rate of change between Hispanic and non-Hispanic participants. Results of this study indicate that wide commonalities yet vital differences exist between Hispanic and non-Hispanic participants. Poverty was the significant determinant factor in Hispanic as well as non-Hispanic participants' school failure. The experiences and implications of poverty, however, varied for Hispanic and non- Hispanic parents. The reasons and goals for Even Start participation were to achieve self-sufficiency for Hispanic and non-Hispanic parents. Achieving self-sufficiency involved acculturation to the American society for Hispanic participants. For non- Hispanic parents achieving self-sufficiency involved attaining GED and getting off of welfare. No effect of ethnicity was identified on the five outcome measures quantitatively examined in this study, which include knowledge of child development, parenting confidence and support, depression, self-esteem, and life skills. Initial differences existed between Hispanic and non-Hispanic participants in knowledge of child development and life skills, with non-Hispanic participants reporting higher knowledge of child development and greater life skills. Non-Hispanic participants, however, did not make greater gains than their Hispanic participants after being in the program. Qualitative results indicate that skills gained by Hispanic participants helped them acculturate in the American society, whereas for non-Hispanic participants the program helped achieve a sense of purpose and direction in life and create a better life for themselves and their family. Title: Even Start Family Literacy Program : similarities and differences between Hispanic and non-Hispanic participants Author: Pamulapati, Sireesha This study used a mixed method approach (quantitative and qualitative) to examine the commonalities and differences between Hispanic and non-Hispanic participants of the Even Start Family Literacy Program. Using a life course perspective, this study examined the educational background and life history of Hispanic and non-Hispanic participants, their reasons and goals for program participation, and changes experienced due to Even Start participation. The sample for the qualitative analysis consisted of 32 Hispanic and 25 non-Hispanic female participants. Quantitative latent growth curve analysis was conducted on 96 (75 Hispanic and 21 Non-Hispanic) participants to measure change over time and to estimate the differences in rate of change between Hispanic and non-Hispanic participants. Results of this study indicate that wide commonalities yet vital differences exist between Hispanic and non-Hispanic participants. Poverty was the significant determinant factor in Hispanic as well as non-Hispanic participants' school failure. The experiences and implications of poverty, however, varied for Hispanic and non- Hispanic parents. The reasons and goals for Even Start participation were to achieve self-sufficiency for Hispanic and non-Hispanic parents. Achieving self-sufficiency involved acculturation to the American society for Hispanic participants. For non- Hispanic parents achieving self-sufficiency involved attaining GED and getting off of welfare. No effect of ethnicity was identified on the five outcome measures quantitatively examined in this study, which include knowledge of child development, parenting confidence and support, depression, self-esteem, and life skills. Initial differences existed between Hispanic and non-Hispanic participants in knowledge of child development and life skills, with non-Hispanic participants reporting higher knowledge of child development and greater life skills. Non-Hispanic participants, however, did not make greater gains than their Hispanic participants after being in the program. Qualitative results indicate that skills gained by Hispanic participants helped them acculturate in the American society, whereas for non-Hispanic participants the program helped achieve a sense of purpose and direction in life and create a better life for themselves and their family. Close

• 34. [Article] Disease invasion dynamics : brucellosis and tuberculosis in African buffalo (Syncerus caffer)

  Emerging infectious diseases in wild animals threaten global biodiversity as well as domestic animal and human health. Their unprecedented increase in conjunction with anthropogenically induced range shifts ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Disease invasion dynamics : brucellosis and tuberculosis in African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) Author: Gorsich, Erin E. Emerging infectious diseases in wild animals threaten global biodiversity as well as domestic animal and human health. Their unprecedented increase in conjunction with anthropogenically induced range shifts of endemic pathogens exposes hosts to novel parasite combinations, lending urgency to research on disease dynamics in wildlife systems. In natural populations, hosts must concurrently battle infection from multiple parasite species. Host fitness, disease severity, transmission rate, host susceptibility, and effective control all depend on the dynamics of the parasite community. However, the bulk of research on infectious diseases—their transmission and fitness effects—is limited to one-host and one-parasite systems. It has become apparent that a broader perspective, which incorporates interactions among pathogens within and between hosts, is necessary to predict the outcome of co-infection. In this dissertation, I examined the role of co-infection for host immunology, host fitness, and disease dynamics. Specifically, I examined the role of two intestinal parasites, coccidia and nematodes, and two intracellular pathogens, Brucella abortus and Mycobacterium tuberculosis, in a free-ranging population of African buffalo. First, I examined coccidia and nematode infection patterns in buffalo at Hluhluwe Imfolozi Park (HIP), South Africa, to test the hypothesis that co-infection and season interact to influence the distribution and severity of infections (Chapter 2). I tested for a role of infection and co-infection on three proxies for host fitness: host pregnancy, host body condition, and parasite aggregation. By examining host fitness costs across seasons and in different demographic groups, this work showed that the effects of infection were most pronounced in the dry season and with co-infection. Then, I investigated the infection patterns, host fitness, and population level consequences of B. abortus infection in African buffalo of Kruger National Park (KNP), South Africa. I evaluated the use of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA, IDEXX Brucellosis Serum Ab Test) for diagnosis of brucellosis, the disease caused by B. abortus (Chapter 3), and applied it to understand the environmental and demographic variation in the individual-level survival and fecundity costs of infection (Chapter 4). Brucellosis infection was associated with increased mortality and condition-dependent reductions in reproductive success. By summarizing these individual level consequences with a mathematical model, I explored how condition- dependent variability in vital rate parameters and disease effects translates into contrasting outcomes of brucellosis infection for population growth. Finally, I re-examined the influence of co-infection in the context of brucellosis by investigating how an emerging pathogen, M. bovis, the causative agent of bovine tuberculosis (bTB), alters host immunity, infection patterns, fitness costs, and the dynamics of brucellosis infection (Chapter 5). These results showed a positive association of bTB and brucellosis infections among hosts, and altered survival, susceptibility, and immunity with infection. Together, these studies demonstrate the importance of understanding the strength, direction, and context-dependency of interactions between co-infecting pathogens. Title: Disease invasion dynamics : brucellosis and tuberculosis in African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) Author: Gorsich, Erin E. Emerging infectious diseases in wild animals threaten global biodiversity as well as domestic animal and human health. Their unprecedented increase in conjunction with anthropogenically induced range shifts of endemic pathogens exposes hosts to novel parasite combinations, lending urgency to research on disease dynamics in wildlife systems. In natural populations, hosts must concurrently battle infection from multiple parasite species. Host fitness, disease severity, transmission rate, host susceptibility, and effective control all depend on the dynamics of the parasite community. However, the bulk of research on infectious diseases—their transmission and fitness effects—is limited to one-host and one-parasite systems. It has become apparent that a broader perspective, which incorporates interactions among pathogens within and between hosts, is necessary to predict the outcome of co-infection. In this dissertation, I examined the role of co-infection for host immunology, host fitness, and disease dynamics. Specifically, I examined the role of two intestinal parasites, coccidia and nematodes, and two intracellular pathogens, Brucella abortus and Mycobacterium tuberculosis, in a free-ranging population of African buffalo. First, I examined coccidia and nematode infection patterns in buffalo at Hluhluwe Imfolozi Park (HIP), South Africa, to test the hypothesis that co-infection and season interact to influence the distribution and severity of infections (Chapter 2). I tested for a role of infection and co-infection on three proxies for host fitness: host pregnancy, host body condition, and parasite aggregation. By examining host fitness costs across seasons and in different demographic groups, this work showed that the effects of infection were most pronounced in the dry season and with co-infection. Then, I investigated the infection patterns, host fitness, and population level consequences of B. abortus infection in African buffalo of Kruger National Park (KNP), South Africa. I evaluated the use of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA, IDEXX Brucellosis Serum Ab Test) for diagnosis of brucellosis, the disease caused by B. abortus (Chapter 3), and applied it to understand the environmental and demographic variation in the individual-level survival and fecundity costs of infection (Chapter 4). Brucellosis infection was associated with increased mortality and condition-dependent reductions in reproductive success. By summarizing these individual level consequences with a mathematical model, I explored how condition- dependent variability in vital rate parameters and disease effects translates into contrasting outcomes of brucellosis infection for population growth. Finally, I re-examined the influence of co-infection in the context of brucellosis by investigating how an emerging pathogen, M. bovis, the causative agent of bovine tuberculosis (bTB), alters host immunity, infection patterns, fitness costs, and the dynamics of brucellosis infection (Chapter 5). These results showed a positive association of bTB and brucellosis infections among hosts, and altered survival, susceptibility, and immunity with infection. Together, these studies demonstrate the importance of understanding the strength, direction, and context-dependency of interactions between co-infecting pathogens. Close

• 35. [Article] Studying the application of learning and growth metrics in healthcare using analytic hierarchy process

  Performance measurement is a process that begins with a decision on what to measure followed by identifying proper metrics and data sources. While there is substantial literature devoted to measuring the ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Studying the application of learning and growth metrics in healthcare using analytic hierarchy process Author: Emami, Samin Performance measurement is a process that begins with a decision on what to measure followed by identifying proper metrics and data sources. While there is substantial literature devoted to measuring the performance of hospitals and clinics in terms of indicators such as health outcomes and finances, it is vital for hospitals and clinics to also develop a set of forward-looking metrics at the operational level that drive all aspects of performance. This research aims to study the application of a set of metrics within one perspective of the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) framework, called learning and growth, in healthcare organizations. Using data provided by managers from clinics and hospitals, the most important learning and growth performance categories that drive the future performance of a healthcare organization are determined. Moreover, to monitor these performance categories, a set of metrics are identified. This study uses an analysis technique called Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to develop a prioritized set of performance categories and metrics. With AHP, pairwise comparisons are used to measure the relative importance of one performance category or metric over other categories or metrics. Results from AHP analysis indicate that there is a strong preference toward using human capital metrics among the medical and health services managers. Number of training hours provided to the staff was identified as the most important metric to measure the performance of healthcare organizations in terms of human capital. The results also suggest that the most accessible data are available for those metrics related to human capital. Title: Studying the application of learning and growth metrics in healthcare using analytic hierarchy process Author: Emami, Samin Performance measurement is a process that begins with a decision on what to measure followed by identifying proper metrics and data sources. While there is substantial literature devoted to measuring the performance of hospitals and clinics in terms of indicators such as health outcomes and finances, it is vital for hospitals and clinics to also develop a set of forward-looking metrics at the operational level that drive all aspects of performance. This research aims to study the application of a set of metrics within one perspective of the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) framework, called learning and growth, in healthcare organizations. Using data provided by managers from clinics and hospitals, the most important learning and growth performance categories that drive the future performance of a healthcare organization are determined. Moreover, to monitor these performance categories, a set of metrics are identified. This study uses an analysis technique called Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to develop a prioritized set of performance categories and metrics. With AHP, pairwise comparisons are used to measure the relative importance of one performance category or metric over other categories or metrics. Results from AHP analysis indicate that there is a strong preference toward using human capital metrics among the medical and health services managers. Number of training hours provided to the staff was identified as the most important metric to measure the performance of healthcare organizations in terms of human capital. The results also suggest that the most accessible data are available for those metrics related to human capital. Close

• 36. [Article] Dynamic linkages of personality and health : the effect of traits and states in predicting health-goal progress

  Optimal aging is strongly related to personality factors along with health-behavior habits. Personality has played a key role in understanding the interactions between human behavior and the environment ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Dynamic linkages of personality and health : the effect of traits and states in predicting health-goal progress Author: Choun, Soyoung Optimal aging is strongly related to personality factors along with health-behavior habits. Personality has played a key role in understanding the interactions between human behavior and the environment and as a vital predictor in determining health outcomes of individuals. Although previous studies have found links between personality traits and health, less is known about more process-oriented personality constructs, such as goals and self-regulatory strategies as linkages between traits and health outcomes. The purpose of this study is to explore the dynamic linkages of personality and health by examining how daily health-goal progress is associated with daily positive and negative affect as well as whether the association between health-goal progress and positive and negative affect can be predicted by personality traits of neuroticism and conscientiousness. Main research questions are: 1) Are daily positive and negative affect associated with daily health-goal progress? 2) To what extent are the traits of neuroticism and conscientiousness related to the overall levels of daily health-goal progress over a 100-day time period? 3) Do neuroticism and conscientiousness moderate the relationships between daily positive affect and daily health-goal progress as well as between negative affect and daily health-goal progress? This study was guided by developmental systems theory (Ford & Lerner, 1992) and the six-foci model of personality (Hooker & McAdams, 2003). This study utilized data from the "Personal Understanding of Life and Social Experiences" (PULSE) project that was a 100 day internet-based, daily study of Oregon residents over the age of 50. The sample for this study (N = 76) included participants who have participated at both baseline (initial survey) and the microlongitudinal phase (over 100 days). Personal health goals, neuroticism, and conscientiousness were measured at baseline. Daily health-goal progress, daily positive affect, and negative affect were measured over 100 days. Multilevel modeling analysis was used to examine within-person variations and between-person differences in daily health-goal progress and daily positive and negative affect by estimating an intercept (initial status) and slope (change) for each individual. The results of this study show that first, daily health-goal progress was positively coupled with daily positive affect and negatively coupled with daily negative affect within persons. Second, the associations between daily positive affect and daily health-goal progress and between daily negative affect and daily health-goal progress varied between individuals. Third, health-goal progress on the previous day was positively related to concurrent positive affect and negatively related to concurrent negative affect. Fourth, individuals high in neuroticism and individuals high in conscientiousness were only marginally likely to experience higher levels of health-goal progress over the 100-day period compared to those with low scores. Fifth, individuals high in neuroticism when experiencing high levels of negative affect tended to report lower levels of daily health-goal progress. These findings may provide enhanced knowledge of patterns of day-to-day variability within persons and lead to better health care. Moreover, the findings of the current study suggest that health-improving interventions could be targeted individually to participants based on knowledge of the linkages between daily goal progress and daily affect and personality traits. Ultimately, the personality of older adults may act as risk factors and/or protective factors in the processes of aging during the second half of life. Title: Dynamic linkages of personality and health : the effect of traits and states in predicting health-goal progress Author: Choun, Soyoung Optimal aging is strongly related to personality factors along with health-behavior habits. Personality has played a key role in understanding the interactions between human behavior and the environment and as a vital predictor in determining health outcomes of individuals. Although previous studies have found links between personality traits and health, less is known about more process-oriented personality constructs, such as goals and self-regulatory strategies as linkages between traits and health outcomes. The purpose of this study is to explore the dynamic linkages of personality and health by examining how daily health-goal progress is associated with daily positive and negative affect as well as whether the association between health-goal progress and positive and negative affect can be predicted by personality traits of neuroticism and conscientiousness. Main research questions are: 1) Are daily positive and negative affect associated with daily health-goal progress? 2) To what extent are the traits of neuroticism and conscientiousness related to the overall levels of daily health-goal progress over a 100-day time period? 3) Do neuroticism and conscientiousness moderate the relationships between daily positive affect and daily health-goal progress as well as between negative affect and daily health-goal progress? This study was guided by developmental systems theory (Ford & Lerner, 1992) and the six-foci model of personality (Hooker & McAdams, 2003). This study utilized data from the "Personal Understanding of Life and Social Experiences" (PULSE) project that was a 100 day internet-based, daily study of Oregon residents over the age of 50. The sample for this study (N = 76) included participants who have participated at both baseline (initial survey) and the microlongitudinal phase (over 100 days). Personal health goals, neuroticism, and conscientiousness were measured at baseline. Daily health-goal progress, daily positive affect, and negative affect were measured over 100 days. Multilevel modeling analysis was used to examine within-person variations and between-person differences in daily health-goal progress and daily positive and negative affect by estimating an intercept (initial status) and slope (change) for each individual. The results of this study show that first, daily health-goal progress was positively coupled with daily positive affect and negatively coupled with daily negative affect within persons. Second, the associations between daily positive affect and daily health-goal progress and between daily negative affect and daily health-goal progress varied between individuals. Third, health-goal progress on the previous day was positively related to concurrent positive affect and negatively related to concurrent negative affect. Fourth, individuals high in neuroticism and individuals high in conscientiousness were only marginally likely to experience higher levels of health-goal progress over the 100-day period compared to those with low scores. Fifth, individuals high in neuroticism when experiencing high levels of negative affect tended to report lower levels of daily health-goal progress. These findings may provide enhanced knowledge of patterns of day-to-day variability within persons and lead to better health care. Moreover, the findings of the current study suggest that health-improving interventions could be targeted individually to participants based on knowledge of the linkages between daily goal progress and daily affect and personality traits. Ultimately, the personality of older adults may act as risk factors and/or protective factors in the processes of aging during the second half of life. Close

• 37. [Article] Assessing the Strategic Credibility of Special Collections

  Presented at 2012 AAAS Pacific Division Meeting - Library Symposium.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Assessing the Strategic Credibility of Special Collections Author: Passehl, Erin, Stoddart, Rick A. Presented at 2012 AAAS Pacific Division Meeting - Library Symposium. Title: Assessing the Strategic Credibility of Special Collections Author: Passehl, Erin, Stoddart, Rick A. Presented at 2012 AAAS Pacific Division Meeting - Library Symposium. Close

• 38. [Article] Assessing the Strategic Credibility of Special Collections and Archives

  Poster presented at 2012 ACRL Oregon/Washington joint conference held at Menucha.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Assessing the Strategic Credibility of Special Collections and Archives Author: Stoddart, Rick A., Passehl, Erin L. Poster presented at 2012 ACRL Oregon/Washington joint conference held at Menucha. Title: Assessing the Strategic Credibility of Special Collections and Archives Author: Stoddart, Rick A., Passehl, Erin L. Poster presented at 2012 ACRL Oregon/Washington joint conference held at Menucha. Close

• 39. [Article] Empowering Domestic Artisanal Fishers as Environmentally and Financially Sound Alternatives to Distant-water Fishing Vessels

  In recent decades, distant-water fishing vessels (DWFVs) have drawn increasing criticism for exacerbating misery in developing nations. As part of a resolution to this issue, a coalition of academics, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Empowering Domestic Artisanal Fishers as Environmentally and Financially Sound Alternatives to Distant-water Fishing Vessels Author: Hettihewa, Samanthala, Gamage, K.D.M., Wright, Christopher S. In recent decades, distant-water fishing vessels (DWFVs) have drawn increasing criticism for exacerbating misery in developing nations. As part of a resolution to this issue, a coalition of academics, fishers, processors and others developing nations are field-testing new technologies to extend the fishing power and reach of local small-to-medium-boat artisanal fishers to empower them to displace DWFVs. In the preliminary field trials, the technology raised the fishing power of small-vessels by over seven-fold and quadrupled their maximum-effective-fishing depth to 400 meters. The second testing round will occur in Spring 2016 and will seek to increase the number of tests (and parallel controls) from ten-fold and expand the maximum effective fishing depth to 1,600 meters. Such capabilities will strengthen the ability of the governments of coastal developing countries to either exclude DWFVs from their exclusive economic zones (EEZs) or negotiate and enforce better agreements. Recognizing that new technology outcomes are often a mixed blessing, a vital part of this endeavor is to establish the best approach to release and use the innovations. Thus, at this point, the coalition is unwilling to release details on the new technologies. Instead, this paper documents the project’s intent, its field-test design/methodology, results and a vision for how its innovations might best be introduced to developing-nation fishers. This article should interest fisheries policy makers, processors, academics, artisanal fishers and diplomats. Title: Empowering Domestic Artisanal Fishers as Environmentally and Financially Sound Alternatives to Distant-water Fishing Vessels Author: Hettihewa, Samanthala, Gamage, K.D.M., Wright, Christopher S. In recent decades, distant-water fishing vessels (DWFVs) have drawn increasing criticism for exacerbating misery in developing nations. As part of a resolution to this issue, a coalition of academics, fishers, processors and others developing nations are field-testing new technologies to extend the fishing power and reach of local small-to-medium-boat artisanal fishers to empower them to displace DWFVs. In the preliminary field trials, the technology raised the fishing power of small-vessels by over seven-fold and quadrupled their maximum-effective-fishing depth to 400 meters. The second testing round will occur in Spring 2016 and will seek to increase the number of tests (and parallel controls) from ten-fold and expand the maximum effective fishing depth to 1,600 meters. Such capabilities will strengthen the ability of the governments of coastal developing countries to either exclude DWFVs from their exclusive economic zones (EEZs) or negotiate and enforce better agreements. Recognizing that new technology outcomes are often a mixed blessing, a vital part of this endeavor is to establish the best approach to release and use the innovations. Thus, at this point, the coalition is unwilling to release details on the new technologies. Instead, this paper documents the project’s intent, its field-test design/methodology, results and a vision for how its innovations might best be introduced to developing-nation fishers. This article should interest fisheries policy makers, processors, academics, artisanal fishers and diplomats. Close

• 40. [Article] Age-related differences in adaptive decision making: Sensitivity to expected value in risky choice

  9 pages

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Age-related differences in adaptive decision making: Sensitivity to expected value in risky choice Author: Levin, Irwin, Weller, Joshua, Pederson, Ashley, Harshman, Lyndsay Year: 2017, 2007 9 pages Title: Age-related differences in adaptive decision making: Sensitivity to expected value in risky choice Author: Levin, Irwin, Weller, Joshua, Pederson, Ashley, Harshman, Lyndsay Year: 2017, 2007 9 pages Close