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• 31. [Image] Backgrounder: The Columbia River Treaty Revisited

  	The huge undertaking which evolved from the Treaty included doubling the hydroelectric reservoir capacity in the Columbia Basin, and construction of the Pacific Northwest-Pacific Southwest Intertie. The ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Backgrounder: The Columbia River Treaty Revisited Author: Bonneville Power Administration Year: 1989 The huge undertaking which evolved from the Treaty included doubling the hydroelectric reservoir capacity in the Columbia Basin, and construction of the Pacific Northwest-Pacific Southwest Intertie. The additions of the Third Powerhouse at Grand Coulee Dam and the Second Powerhouse at Bonneville Dam are offshoots of the Treaty, as are other hydropower resources in both Canada and the U.S. Northwest Title: Backgrounder: The Columbia River Treaty Revisited Author: Bonneville Power Administration Year: 1989 The huge undertaking which evolved from the Treaty included doubling the hydroelectric reservoir capacity in the Columbia Basin, and construction of the Pacific Northwest-Pacific Southwest Intertie. The additions of the Third Powerhouse at Grand Coulee Dam and the Second Powerhouse at Bonneville Dam are offshoots of the Treaty, as are other hydropower resources in both Canada and the U.S. Northwest Close

• 32. [Image] Deep-Seated Geothermal Resources Survey: A Compendium of Publications, October 1993-February 1996

  	Unused deep geothermal resources in Japan have been estimated to have great potential, and tapping them would be an effective method for significantly increasing the capacity of geothermal power generation. ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Deep-Seated Geothermal Resources Survey: A Compendium of Publications, October 1993-February 1996 Author: Geothermal Energy Development Department, NEDO Year: 1997 Unused deep geothermal resources in Japan have been estimated to have great potential, and tapping them would be an effective method for significantly increasing the capacity of geothermal power generation. However, our understanding of geothermal systems that exist at depths of over 2,000 m is still very limited. Therefore, in order to delineate characteristics of deep geothermal reservoirs and establish a desirable direction for the development of deep geothermal resources, NEDO started a six-year research project entitled "Deep-seated Geothermal Resources Survey" within the framework of the New Sunshine Project of the Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI) in FY 1992 Title: Deep-Seated Geothermal Resources Survey: A Compendium of Publications, October 1993-February 1996 Author: Geothermal Energy Development Department, NEDO Year: 1997 Unused deep geothermal resources in Japan have been estimated to have great potential, and tapping them would be an effective method for significantly increasing the capacity of geothermal power generation. However, our understanding of geothermal systems that exist at depths of over 2,000 m is still very limited. Therefore, in order to delineate characteristics of deep geothermal reservoirs and establish a desirable direction for the development of deep geothermal resources, NEDO started a six-year research project entitled "Deep-seated Geothermal Resources Survey" within the framework of the New Sunshine Project of the Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI) in FY 1992 Close

• 33. [Image] Downhole Heat Exchanger for Shallow Geothermal Systems: Performance, Economics and Applicability

  	Heat exchangers located within the wellbore of shallow geothermal resources are presently being used at several locations in the U.S. These heat exchangers are referred to as downhole heat exchangers. ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Downhole Heat Exchanger for Shallow Geothermal Systems: Performance, Economics and Applicability Author: Reistad, G. M. Heat exchangers located within the wellbore of shallow geothermal resources are presently being used at several locations in the U.S. These heat exchangers are referred to as downhole heat exchangers. Such installations can have thermal energy output capacities as high as 1 MW for space heating with source water temperature of 90 to 100°C. This work reports on the performance and economics of downhole heat exchangers relative to the alternative geothermal system which pumps the fluid out of the ground and uses heat exchangers located at the earth's surface. Results indicate that the downhole heat exchange systems for capacity requirements less than about 500 to 100 kW are in general more desirable than the surface heat exchange systems for low capacity (less than about 500 to 1000 kW) requirements and shallow geothermal resources. For higher capacities the surface heat exchange systems become more economical. Furthermore, for large depths, the high capacities available from the surface systems are required in order to make the geothermal energy competitive with other sources Title: Downhole Heat Exchanger for Shallow Geothermal Systems: Performance, Economics and Applicability Author: Reistad, G. M. Heat exchangers located within the wellbore of shallow geothermal resources are presently being used at several locations in the U.S. These heat exchangers are referred to as downhole heat exchangers. Such installations can have thermal energy output capacities as high as 1 MW for space heating with source water temperature of 90 to 100°C. This work reports on the performance and economics of downhole heat exchangers relative to the alternative geothermal system which pumps the fluid out of the ground and uses heat exchangers located at the earth's surface. Results indicate that the downhole heat exchange systems for capacity requirements less than about 500 to 100 kW are in general more desirable than the surface heat exchange systems for low capacity (less than about 500 to 1000 kW) requirements and shallow geothermal resources. For higher capacities the surface heat exchange systems become more economical. Furthermore, for large depths, the high capacities available from the surface systems are required in order to make the geothermal energy competitive with other sources Close

• 34. [Image] Geothermal Progress Monitor: Report No. 14, December 1992

  	This issue of the Geothermal Progress Monitor, the 14th since its inception in 1980, highlights the anticipated rapid growth in the use of geothermal heat pumps and documents the continued growth in the ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Geothermal Progress Monitor: Report No. 14, December 1992 Author: Assistant Secretary for Conservation and Renewable Energy, Geothermal Division Year: 1992 This issue of the Geothermal Progress Monitor, the 14th since its inception in 1980, highlights the anticipated rapid growth in the use of geothermal heat pumps and documents the continued growth in the use of geothermal energy for power generation, both in this country and abroad. In countries with a relatively large demand for new generation capacity, geothermal, if available, is being called on as a preferable alternative to the use of domestic or imported oil. On the other hand, in this country where current demand for new capacity is less, geothermal energy is commonly being put to Use in small power generation units operating on the hot water resource Title: Geothermal Progress Monitor: Report No. 14, December 1992 Author: Assistant Secretary for Conservation and Renewable Energy, Geothermal Division Year: 1992 This issue of the Geothermal Progress Monitor, the 14th since its inception in 1980, highlights the anticipated rapid growth in the use of geothermal heat pumps and documents the continued growth in the use of geothermal energy for power generation, both in this country and abroad. In countries with a relatively large demand for new generation capacity, geothermal, if available, is being called on as a preferable alternative to the use of domestic or imported oil. On the other hand, in this country where current demand for new capacity is less, geothermal energy is commonly being put to Use in small power generation units operating on the hot water resource Close

• 35. [Image] Preparation of a Handbook on the Economics of Geothermal Energy Developments; Working Paper No. 6.5 Case Studies of Low Enthalpy Geothermal Energy Developments in France

  	The use of medium and low temperature brines from deep aquifers is well established technology in France. Agence Francaise Pour La Maitrisse de L'Energy (AFME) (1983) report that since 1978 twenty geothermal ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Preparation of a Handbook on the Economics of Geothermal Energy Developments; Working Paper No. 6.5 Case Studies of Low Enthalpy Geothermal Energy Developments in France Author: Harrison, R. Year: 1984 The use of medium and low temperature brines from deep aquifers is well established technology in France. Agence Francaise Pour La Maitrisse de L'Energy (AFME) (1983) report that since 1978 twenty geothermal schemes have been put into operation every year and it is foreseen that France will have an installed geothermal heating capacity equivalent to an annual saving of 106 TOE* similar developments. Thus Ungemach (1982) reports that three schemes are under completion in the Po Valley in Italy and that several demonstration projects; e.g. Southampton in the U.K. + and in Denmark and Holland are under examination for the near future. It is estimated that the European Economic Community could have a geothermal heating capacity equivalent to 2 x 106 TOE by the late 1990's, Ungemach (1983) Title: Preparation of a Handbook on the Economics of Geothermal Energy Developments; Working Paper No. 6.5 Case Studies of Low Enthalpy Geothermal Energy Developments in France Author: Harrison, R. Year: 1984 The use of medium and low temperature brines from deep aquifers is well established technology in France. Agence Francaise Pour La Maitrisse de L'Energy (AFME) (1983) report that since 1978 twenty geothermal schemes have been put into operation every year and it is foreseen that France will have an installed geothermal heating capacity equivalent to an annual saving of 106 TOE* similar developments. Thus Ungemach (1982) reports that three schemes are under completion in the Po Valley in Italy and that several demonstration projects; e.g. Southampton in the U.K. + and in Denmark and Holland are under examination for the near future. It is estimated that the European Economic Community could have a geothermal heating capacity equivalent to 2 x 106 TOE by the late 1990's, Ungemach (1983) Close

• 36. [Image] Long-Term Supply Curves for Geothermal Energy - The Impacts of Technology

  	Near-term and long-term supply curves are presented for electric applications of geothermal energy. The GEOCOST model was used to determine the present and future energy production costs for the high-temperature ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Long-Term Supply Curves for Geothermal Energy - The Impacts of Technology Author: Fassbender, L.L. Year: 1980 Near-term and long-term supply curves are presented for electric applications of geothermal energy. The GEOCOST model was used to determine the present and future energy production costs for the high-temperature and intermediate-temperature hydrothermal resources identified by the USGS The long-term supply curves illustrate the potential shifts in the near-term supply curve which would result from certain technology improvements currently being pursued. Programs with the most significant potential impacts are those which result in large reductions in drilling cost, those which lead to development of commercial high capacity downhole pumps, and those which lead to large increases in the plant capacity factor. Curves were drawn to show the impacts of individual technology improvements and also to show the cumulative impacts of combinations of technological advances expected to be achieved by 1982 and 1985. Successful completion of all the programs evaluated would result in a cumulative cost reduction of $90 billion (not discounted) in electrical generating costs from the identified hydrothermal resources Title: Long-Term Supply Curves for Geothermal Energy - The Impacts of Technology Author: Fassbender, L.L. Year: 1980 Near-term and long-term supply curves are presented for electric applications of geothermal energy. The GEOCOST model was used to determine the present and future energy production costs for the high-temperature and intermediate-temperature hydrothermal resources identified by the USGS The long-term supply curves illustrate the potential shifts in the near-term supply curve which would result from certain technology improvements currently being pursued. Programs with the most significant potential impacts are those which result in large reductions in drilling cost, those which lead to development of commercial high capacity downhole pumps, and those which lead to large increases in the plant capacity factor. Curves were drawn to show the impacts of individual technology improvements and also to show the cumulative impacts of combinations of technological advances expected to be achieved by 1982 and 1985. Successful completion of all the programs evaluated would result in a cumulative cost reduction of $90 billion (not discounted) in electrical generating costs from the identified hydrothermal resources Close

• 37. [Image] Water Related Planning and Design at Energy Firms

  	The use of water by energy firms depends upon a number of factors subject to both planning and design. Under conditions of abundant, low-cost water supplies typical of the past, such planning and design ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Water Related Planning and Design at Energy Firms Author: Abbey, D. Year: 1980 The use of water by energy firms depends upon a number of factors subject to both planning and design. Under conditions of abundant, low-cost water supplies typical of the past, such planning and design was somewhat routine. With increasing concern and competition for water, there is now considerable interest in design and planning alternatives of energy firms in regard to water. This report provides an overview of such alternatives and assesses their significance Title: Water Related Planning and Design at Energy Firms Author: Abbey, D. Year: 1980 The use of water by energy firms depends upon a number of factors subject to both planning and design. Under conditions of abundant, low-cost water supplies typical of the past, such planning and design was somewhat routine. With increasing concern and competition for water, there is now considerable interest in design and planning alternatives of energy firms in regard to water. This report provides an overview of such alternatives and assesses their significance Close

• 38. [Image] Water Supply and Demand in an Energy Supply Model

  	This report describes a tool for water and energy-related policy analysis, the development of a water supply and demand sector in a linear programming model of energy supply in the United States. The model ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Water Supply and Demand in an Energy Supply Model Author: Abbey, D. Year: 1980 This report describes a tool for water and energy-related policy analysis, the development of a water supply and demand sector in a linear programming model of energy supply in the United States. The model allows adjustments in the input mix and plant siting in response to water scarcity Title: Water Supply and Demand in an Energy Supply Model Author: Abbey, D. Year: 1980 This report describes a tool for water and energy-related policy analysis, the development of a water supply and demand sector in a linear programming model of energy supply in the United States. The model allows adjustments in the input mix and plant siting in response to water scarcity Close

• 39. [Image] Priorities and Allocations Support for Energy: Keeping Energy Programs on Schedule

  	This handbook is designed to explain how priorities and allocations may be used to support energy programs and projects
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Priorities and Allocations Support for Energy: Keeping Energy Programs on Schedule Author: U. S. Department of Energy Year: 1980 This handbook is designed to explain how priorities and allocations may be used to support energy programs and projects Title: Priorities and Allocations Support for Energy: Keeping Energy Programs on Schedule Author: U. S. Department of Energy Year: 1980 This handbook is designed to explain how priorities and allocations may be used to support energy programs and projects Close

• 40. [Image] Geothermal Computer Program Workshop

  	This document is a collection of several readouts of different user manuals for computer code
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Geothermal Computer Program Workshop Author: Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory Year: 1980 This document is a collection of several readouts of different user manuals for computer code Title: Geothermal Computer Program Workshop Author: Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory Year: 1980 This document is a collection of several readouts of different user manuals for computer code Close