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• 61. [Article] Structural Changes in Russian Seafood Consumption: An Econometric Analysis of Regional Herring Product Demand

  Russia is experiencing deep structural changes in many areas. For the seafood industry important developments are large increases in household incomes, development of modern super- and hypermarket distribution ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Structural Changes in Russian Seafood Consumption: An Econometric Analysis of Regional Herring Product Demand Author: Lien, Kristin, Tveteras, Sigbjørn, Tveteras, Ragnar Russia is experiencing deep structural changes in many areas. For the seafood industry important developments are large increases in household incomes, development of modern super- and hypermarket distribution channels, and product innovations. In the seafood category consumers are adopting new species and new product forms at a rapid rate. Herring is one of the species that is experiencing these changes. The dominant product form has traditionally been whole salted herring, typically sold at open markets. Herring sold in the traditional unprocessed form has been a protein source for poor people, consumed at home. But more processed and expensive product forms that are distributed through modern distribution channels have increased their market share during the data period. We employ a panel data set on monthly per capita demand for different herring products in six Russian regions, from unprocessed to value added products, to test hypotheses on the structure of herring consumption. We estimate dynamic panel data demand systems, with region-specific estimates of price and income elasticities. The six regions in the data set have large differences in average per capita income. Our econometric estimates indicate significant structural regional differences in per capita consumption of different products, also after controlling for income differences. We find that whole herring is generally an inferior good, whereas fillet herring products tend to be normal goods. This suggests that if incomes continue to increase, consumption will shift further from unprocessed to value added herring products. Title: Structural Changes in Russian Seafood Consumption: An Econometric Analysis of Regional Herring Product Demand Author: Lien, Kristin, Tveteras, Sigbjørn, Tveteras, Ragnar Russia is experiencing deep structural changes in many areas. For the seafood industry important developments are large increases in household incomes, development of modern super- and hypermarket distribution channels, and product innovations. In the seafood category consumers are adopting new species and new product forms at a rapid rate. Herring is one of the species that is experiencing these changes. The dominant product form has traditionally been whole salted herring, typically sold at open markets. Herring sold in the traditional unprocessed form has been a protein source for poor people, consumed at home. But more processed and expensive product forms that are distributed through modern distribution channels have increased their market share during the data period. We employ a panel data set on monthly per capita demand for different herring products in six Russian regions, from unprocessed to value added products, to test hypotheses on the structure of herring consumption. We estimate dynamic panel data demand systems, with region-specific estimates of price and income elasticities. The six regions in the data set have large differences in average per capita income. Our econometric estimates indicate significant structural regional differences in per capita consumption of different products, also after controlling for income differences. We find that whole herring is generally an inferior good, whereas fillet herring products tend to be normal goods. This suggests that if incomes continue to increase, consumption will shift further from unprocessed to value added herring products. Close

• 62. [Article] Trade Between An Agricultural and An Industrial Region in Textile Industry

  Companies should be conscious of optimization of their production and distribution channels for their products. Our purpose is to maximize the profit of a company which deals with such problems. A linear ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Trade Between An Agricultural and An Industrial Region in Textile Industry Author: Defcioglu, Niso, Gallant, Francois, Wei, Lei Year: 1990 Companies should be conscious of optimization of their production and distribution channels for their products. Our purpose is to maximize the profit of a company which deals with such problems. A linear programming model has been implemented for the distribution system to provide optimal operating supply routes. The model simply considers a company with two textile factories manufacturing five identical products in two different areas ("Area" means both market and local suppliers). Sensitivity analysis has been used to improve the earnings of the company and to determine whether the company could handle economic changes. Title: Trade Between An Agricultural and An Industrial Region in Textile Industry Author: Defcioglu, Niso, Gallant, Francois, Wei, Lei Year: 1990 Companies should be conscious of optimization of their production and distribution channels for their products. Our purpose is to maximize the profit of a company which deals with such problems. A linear programming model has been implemented for the distribution system to provide optimal operating supply routes. The model simply considers a company with two textile factories manufacturing five identical products in two different areas ("Area" means both market and local suppliers). Sensitivity analysis has been used to improve the earnings of the company and to determine whether the company could handle economic changes. Close

• 63. [Article] Marketing Plan: Philips Mimo Baby Monitor

  Parents will use any and all means to protect their infants, and would want the peace of mind of knowing that their baby is safe against dangers like SIDS, choking, crib dangers, and others. Supporting ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Marketing Plan: Philips Mimo Baby Monitor Author: Mbagwu, Obinna Charles, Chen, Gordon, Mirza, Imran, Alballa, Norah, Patil, Prajakta, Hemayet, Tauseef Year: 2016 Parents will use any and all means to protect their infants, and would want the peace of mind of knowing that their baby is safe against dangers like SIDS, choking, crib dangers, and others. Supporting their mission “To improve people’s lives through meaningful innovation”, Philips has developed Mimo, a smart and accurate baby monitor that helps moms and dads get the reassurance they need to rest better. Mimo Smart Baby Monitor provides all the information parents want, whenever they want, and wherever they are in the world. The monitor is a machine washable outfit with respiration sensors that provides a constant stream of data about a baby’s sleep activity, breathing pattern, body position, skin temperature, and live audio, sent to an iPhone, iPad, or Android, and in realtime. The sensors do not actually touch the baby’s sensitive skin to make it safer. Mimo’s main targeted customers are first time parents who tend to be more concerned about infants health and needs, and busy parents who need to rest better at night in order to be more effective during the workday. Conjoint Analysis was used to figure out the customer needs; Mimo aims to meet those needs at a lower price point compared to the competitors. Philip’s direct and indirect channels of distribution that exists in different parts of the world will be leveraged on in the distribution of the product. In addition, multiple media outlets such as social media, television, and baby magazines, will be used to achieve the needed level of reach and awareness. We are forecasting to capture 30% of baby monitor’s market by the end of 2020. Title: Marketing Plan: Philips Mimo Baby Monitor Author: Mbagwu, Obinna Charles, Chen, Gordon, Mirza, Imran, Alballa, Norah, Patil, Prajakta, Hemayet, Tauseef Year: 2016 Parents will use any and all means to protect their infants, and would want the peace of mind of knowing that their baby is safe against dangers like SIDS, choking, crib dangers, and others. Supporting their mission “To improve people’s lives through meaningful innovation”, Philips has developed Mimo, a smart and accurate baby monitor that helps moms and dads get the reassurance they need to rest better. Mimo Smart Baby Monitor provides all the information parents want, whenever they want, and wherever they are in the world. The monitor is a machine washable outfit with respiration sensors that provides a constant stream of data about a baby’s sleep activity, breathing pattern, body position, skin temperature, and live audio, sent to an iPhone, iPad, or Android, and in realtime. The sensors do not actually touch the baby’s sensitive skin to make it safer. Mimo’s main targeted customers are first time parents who tend to be more concerned about infants health and needs, and busy parents who need to rest better at night in order to be more effective during the workday. Conjoint Analysis was used to figure out the customer needs; Mimo aims to meet those needs at a lower price point compared to the competitors. Philip’s direct and indirect channels of distribution that exists in different parts of the world will be leveraged on in the distribution of the product. In addition, multiple media outlets such as social media, television, and baby magazines, will be used to achieve the needed level of reach and awareness. We are forecasting to capture 30% of baby monitor’s market by the end of 2020. Close

• 64. [Article] Distribution Channel of Exported Whiteleg Shrimp in Khanh Hoa Province, Vietnam

  Suggested Bibliographic Reference: Challenging New Frontiers in the Global Seafood Sector: Proceedings of the Eighteenth Biennial Conference of the International Institute of Fisheries Economics and Trade, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Distribution Channel of Exported Whiteleg Shrimp in Khanh Hoa Province, Vietnam Author: Nguyen, Tram Anh, Jolly, Curtis, Bui, Chuong Year: 2016 Suggested Bibliographic Reference: Challenging New Frontiers in the Global Seafood Sector: Proceedings of the Eighteenth Biennial Conference of the International Institute of Fisheries Economics and Trade, July 11-15, 2016. Compiled by Stefani J. Evers and Ann L. Shriver. International Institute of Fisheries Economics and Trade (IIFET), Corvallis, 2016. Title: Distribution Channel of Exported Whiteleg Shrimp in Khanh Hoa Province, Vietnam Author: Nguyen, Tram Anh, Jolly, Curtis, Bui, Chuong Year: 2016 Suggested Bibliographic Reference: Challenging New Frontiers in the Global Seafood Sector: Proceedings of the Eighteenth Biennial Conference of the International Institute of Fisheries Economics and Trade, July 11-15, 2016. Compiled by Stefani J. Evers and Ann L. Shriver. International Institute of Fisheries Economics and Trade (IIFET), Corvallis, 2016. Close

• 65. [Article] Using quality function deployment to achieve a market orientation : an application with wood products companies

  This document presents a new method for improving the market orientation of companies. In that regard, I developed a new Quality Function Deployment application (QFD), which compares customer needs with ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Using quality function deployment to achieve a market orientation : an application with wood products companies Author: Wagner, Ernesto R. This document presents a new method for improving the market orientation of companies. In that regard, I developed a new Quality Function Deployment application (QFD), which compares customer needs with company competitive advantages, in order to determine those advantages that best satisfy customer wants and needs. The methodology was applied to the wood products industry. Companies from this industry are facing a new competitive environment, with challenges from overseas companies, fierce competition from substitute products, concentrated channel power from big box retailers, and the lobby of environmental groups, to name a few. Wood product companies, traditionally production and cost-driven, would really benefit of an effective method for improving their customer orientation, while keeping an eye on substitute materials. The study is cross-cultural including the US and Chile. The first put of the study included 37 qualitative interviews and almost 1300 mail questionnaires targeting architects of both countries, selected as key customers of the wood products industry. The second part of the study consisted of interviews with top wood products company executives. I performed 8 interviews in Chile and 35 in the US. The sample covered 37% of the US annual sales of wood products. The interviews provided the competitive advantages of the companies. Finally, an expert team assisted in developing a new QFD application, which used the results of both the architect and the company study. I determined that architects of both countries are rather similar: they are concerned about the diminishing quality of wood materials and they appreciate "honest" materials (the material is what it seems to be). The two groups differ with respect to environmental issues, which are far less important for Chilean than for U.S. architects. The results suggest a focus on product and business innovation by US wood products companies, as these topics present great potential for improvement. US companies should also become more global, as this characteristic allows a better customer focus and an improved competitive position. Chilean companies should focus their efforts in all types of innovation, and not rely only on their current low-cost producer advantage. Title: Using quality function deployment to achieve a market orientation : an application with wood products companies Author: Wagner, Ernesto R. This document presents a new method for improving the market orientation of companies. In that regard, I developed a new Quality Function Deployment application (QFD), which compares customer needs with company competitive advantages, in order to determine those advantages that best satisfy customer wants and needs. The methodology was applied to the wood products industry. Companies from this industry are facing a new competitive environment, with challenges from overseas companies, fierce competition from substitute products, concentrated channel power from big box retailers, and the lobby of environmental groups, to name a few. Wood product companies, traditionally production and cost-driven, would really benefit of an effective method for improving their customer orientation, while keeping an eye on substitute materials. The study is cross-cultural including the US and Chile. The first put of the study included 37 qualitative interviews and almost 1300 mail questionnaires targeting architects of both countries, selected as key customers of the wood products industry. The second part of the study consisted of interviews with top wood products company executives. I performed 8 interviews in Chile and 35 in the US. The sample covered 37% of the US annual sales of wood products. The interviews provided the competitive advantages of the companies. Finally, an expert team assisted in developing a new QFD application, which used the results of both the architect and the company study. I determined that architects of both countries are rather similar: they are concerned about the diminishing quality of wood materials and they appreciate "honest" materials (the material is what it seems to be). The two groups differ with respect to environmental issues, which are far less important for Chilean than for U.S. architects. The results suggest a focus on product and business innovation by US wood products companies, as these topics present great potential for improvement. US companies should also become more global, as this characteristic allows a better customer focus and an improved competitive position. Chilean companies should focus their efforts in all types of innovation, and not rely only on their current low-cost producer advantage. Close

• 66. [Article] Fish Sustainability information Schemes: A Global Comparative Assessment and their Implications

  This paper presents the findings of an 18 months global review of organisations providing sustainable fisheries information to consumers and other channel intermediaries completed in December 2009*. The ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Fish Sustainability information Schemes: A Global Comparative Assessment and their Implications Author: Horvat, Peter, Abel, Rigmor, Parkes, Graeme, Lem, Audun, Harman, Jon, Macfarlane, Alastair, Nolan, Conor, Walmsley, Suzannah, Mens, Maarten, Young, James A. This paper presents the findings of an 18 months global review of organisations providing sustainable fisheries information to consumers and other channel intermediaries completed in December 2009*. The project was managed by a consortium of nine organisations involved with seafood, the Fish Sustainability Information Group (FSIG), from around the world incorporating FAO. The review examined the key organisations that analyse, assess and provide data, guidance, disseminate and otherwise communicate on the sustainability of world fisheries and aquaculture to retailers, foodservice sectors, consumers and others. The methodology engaged through interviews the 17 organisations considered to be representative of those involved in leading seafood sustainability communications, in addition to web-site data gathered from a broader sample. Evaluation of the various respective communications was made regarding accuracy, scientific robustness and relevance. The data analysis presents a hitherto unique scope of comparison of the governance procedures and output of the world’s most significant organisations supplying seafood sustainability information.The paper then considers the implications of this analysis noting the respective merits and demerits of the two key categories identified: certification schemes and recommendation lists. Particular emphasis is placed upon how such instruments might improve in future with respect to seven critical criteria identified. The findings are then contextualised within current and emergent policy measures in both capture fisheries and aquaculture. The paper concludes with some prospective consideration of how such communications might become more efficient and effective in an era of increasingly complex measures received by audiences subjected to evermore complicated market signals. Title: Fish Sustainability information Schemes: A Global Comparative Assessment and their Implications Author: Horvat, Peter, Abel, Rigmor, Parkes, Graeme, Lem, Audun, Harman, Jon, Macfarlane, Alastair, Nolan, Conor, Walmsley, Suzannah, Mens, Maarten, Young, James A. This paper presents the findings of an 18 months global review of organisations providing sustainable fisheries information to consumers and other channel intermediaries completed in December 2009*. The project was managed by a consortium of nine organisations involved with seafood, the Fish Sustainability Information Group (FSIG), from around the world incorporating FAO. The review examined the key organisations that analyse, assess and provide data, guidance, disseminate and otherwise communicate on the sustainability of world fisheries and aquaculture to retailers, foodservice sectors, consumers and others. The methodology engaged through interviews the 17 organisations considered to be representative of those involved in leading seafood sustainability communications, in addition to web-site data gathered from a broader sample. Evaluation of the various respective communications was made regarding accuracy, scientific robustness and relevance. The data analysis presents a hitherto unique scope of comparison of the governance procedures and output of the world’s most significant organisations supplying seafood sustainability information.The paper then considers the implications of this analysis noting the respective merits and demerits of the two key categories identified: certification schemes and recommendation lists. Particular emphasis is placed upon how such instruments might improve in future with respect to seven critical criteria identified. The findings are then contextualised within current and emergent policy measures in both capture fisheries and aquaculture. The paper concludes with some prospective consideration of how such communications might become more efficient and effective in an era of increasingly complex measures received by audiences subjected to evermore complicated market signals. Close

• 67. [Article] Technological Changes, Market Structure and Harvest of a Local Pool Resource

  Suggested Bibliographic Reference: Challenging New Frontiers in the Global Seafood Sector: Proceedings of the Eighteenth Biennial Conference of the International Institute of Fisheries Economics and Trade, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Technological Changes, Market Structure and Harvest of a Local Pool Resource Author: Skonhoft, Anders Year: 2016 Suggested Bibliographic Reference: Challenging New Frontiers in the Global Seafood Sector: Proceedings of the Eighteenth Biennial Conference of the International Institute of Fisheries Economics and Trade, July 11-15, 2016. Compiled by Stefani J. Evers and Ann L. Shriver. International Institute of Fisheries Economics and Trade (IIFET), Corvallis, 2016. Title: Technological Changes, Market Structure and Harvest of a Local Pool Resource Author: Skonhoft, Anders Year: 2016 Suggested Bibliographic Reference: Challenging New Frontiers in the Global Seafood Sector: Proceedings of the Eighteenth Biennial Conference of the International Institute of Fisheries Economics and Trade, July 11-15, 2016. Compiled by Stefani J. Evers and Ann L. Shriver. International Institute of Fisheries Economics and Trade (IIFET), Corvallis, 2016. Close

• 68. [Article] Multi-factor information theory models and their industrial applications

  This dissertation treats information theory and its applications to the general area of decision making. Specifically, three areas are covered; (1) information theory applied to Bayesian analysis, (2) ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Multi-factor information theory models and their industrial applications Author: Shirland, Larry Elwyn This dissertation treats information theory and its applications to the general area of decision making. Specifically, three areas are covered; (1) information theory applied to Bayesian analysis, (2) estimation using multi-factor information channel models, and (3) information theory applied to Markov chain analysis. A major portion of this dissertation concerns the concept of conditional information which occurs as the result of the transmission of information for an experiment (Z) when the outcomes of another experiment (Y) are known. The gain in information is measured by computing the difference between the information transmitted when one set of values is known for an experiment, and another set obtained when certain experimental parameters are allowed to vary. When only one set of experimental results is available, the information gain is computed as the difference between the transmitted information under the experimental conditions and the information transmitted assuming complete uncertainty. The latter is characterized by the condition which results when the events of the experiment are considered to be equally likely. The information theory technique appears to be especially useful in the area of sampling. The cost of gathering information may be balanced against management's willingness to pay for the information in order to arrive at an optimal number of events to sample for a particular experiment. Utilizing the concept of conditional information and information gain, estimates may be made by applying a multi-factor information channel analysis. In order to obtain the maximum amount of information from a sampling experiment, it may be desired to predict the strategies one should use. A case study is presented in which a research questionnaire was sent to prospective customers of several manufacturers of crushing and grinding equipment in an attempt to determine a particular company's standing with respect to its "image" and "progressiveness." The results of five specific questions were analyzed by the information theory approach in an attempt to predict the market shares for each of five companies. The information theory analysis showed that each of the five questions could be used independently as a market share predictor. This suggests that a person may subconsciously possess a pre-conceived opinion of a company which affects his answer to a specific question about that company. A matrix method based on the work of Muroga (1959) is presented for solving multi-factor information channel problems. In order to solve a problem of this type it is easiest to first ignore the existence of non-positive solutions and solve the information maximization equations accordingly. If a non-positive solution occurs, one or more restrictions may then be imposed in order to force only positive values on the final solution. Non-positive solutions indicate that the maximum information gain occurs outside the realm of permissible values. The solution, then, involves maximizing the information gain while insuring that the probability of each event of the experiment is positive. A multi-factor information theory analysis is applied to Markov chain problems in order to estimate at what point stochastic equilibrium occurs. This result is especially useful for computer simulations of Markov chains in which the equilibrium condition is of prime importance. By first employing the information theory analysis, the simulation may be started at or near stochastic equilibrium, thereby reducing the costs of unnecessary calculations during the transitional stages of the process. The information theory analysis shows that at least in some practical problems, stochastic equilibrium will not occur for a long period of time. In many applications, the transitional stages are of more interest than the steady-state conditions. Current research points to several areas for further investigation. Models to allow for the heterogeneity among consumers, means to identify and quantify the important factors in a multi-factor information theory model, and learning models offer unique challenges for future research. Also included in this dissertation is a computer program for solving any one-factor, two-factor or multi-factor information theory problem. A table of values for 1, 2, 3, or 4 levels of a one-factor model is also given. Title: Multi-factor information theory models and their industrial applications Author: Shirland, Larry Elwyn This dissertation treats information theory and its applications to the general area of decision making. Specifically, three areas are covered; (1) information theory applied to Bayesian analysis, (2) estimation using multi-factor information channel models, and (3) information theory applied to Markov chain analysis. A major portion of this dissertation concerns the concept of conditional information which occurs as the result of the transmission of information for an experiment (Z) when the outcomes of another experiment (Y) are known. The gain in information is measured by computing the difference between the information transmitted when one set of values is known for an experiment, and another set obtained when certain experimental parameters are allowed to vary. When only one set of experimental results is available, the information gain is computed as the difference between the transmitted information under the experimental conditions and the information transmitted assuming complete uncertainty. The latter is characterized by the condition which results when the events of the experiment are considered to be equally likely. The information theory technique appears to be especially useful in the area of sampling. The cost of gathering information may be balanced against management's willingness to pay for the information in order to arrive at an optimal number of events to sample for a particular experiment. Utilizing the concept of conditional information and information gain, estimates may be made by applying a multi-factor information channel analysis. In order to obtain the maximum amount of information from a sampling experiment, it may be desired to predict the strategies one should use. A case study is presented in which a research questionnaire was sent to prospective customers of several manufacturers of crushing and grinding equipment in an attempt to determine a particular company's standing with respect to its "image" and "progressiveness." The results of five specific questions were analyzed by the information theory approach in an attempt to predict the market shares for each of five companies. The information theory analysis showed that each of the five questions could be used independently as a market share predictor. This suggests that a person may subconsciously possess a pre-conceived opinion of a company which affects his answer to a specific question about that company. A matrix method based on the work of Muroga (1959) is presented for solving multi-factor information channel problems. In order to solve a problem of this type it is easiest to first ignore the existence of non-positive solutions and solve the information maximization equations accordingly. If a non-positive solution occurs, one or more restrictions may then be imposed in order to force only positive values on the final solution. Non-positive solutions indicate that the maximum information gain occurs outside the realm of permissible values. The solution, then, involves maximizing the information gain while insuring that the probability of each event of the experiment is positive. A multi-factor information theory analysis is applied to Markov chain problems in order to estimate at what point stochastic equilibrium occurs. This result is especially useful for computer simulations of Markov chains in which the equilibrium condition is of prime importance. By first employing the information theory analysis, the simulation may be started at or near stochastic equilibrium, thereby reducing the costs of unnecessary calculations during the transitional stages of the process. The information theory analysis shows that at least in some practical problems, stochastic equilibrium will not occur for a long period of time. In many applications, the transitional stages are of more interest than the steady-state conditions. Current research points to several areas for further investigation. Models to allow for the heterogeneity among consumers, means to identify and quantify the important factors in a multi-factor information theory model, and learning models offer unique challenges for future research. Also included in this dissertation is a computer program for solving any one-factor, two-factor or multi-factor information theory problem. A table of values for 1, 2, 3, or 4 levels of a one-factor model is also given. Close

• 69. [Article] Killing the Messenger: A Survey of Public Relations Practitioners and Organizational Response to Whistleblowing after Sarbanes-Oxley

  xviii, 197 p.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Killing the Messenger: A Survey of Public Relations Practitioners and Organizational Response to Whistleblowing after Sarbanes-Oxley Author: Greenwood, Cary A. Year: 2012, 2011 xviii, 197 p. Title: Killing the Messenger: A Survey of Public Relations Practitioners and Organizational Response to Whistleblowing after Sarbanes-Oxley Author: Greenwood, Cary A. Year: 2012, 2011 xviii, 197 p. Close

• 70. [Article] The Financial Crisis, Rethinking of the Global Financial Architecture, and the Trilemma

  This paper extends our previous paper (Aizenman, Chinn, and Ito 2008) and explores some of the unexplored questions. First, we examine the channels through which the trilemma policy configurations affect ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Financial Crisis, Rethinking of the Global Financial Architecture, and the Trilemma Author: Aizenman, Joshua, Chinn, Menzie David, Ito, Hiro Year: 2010 This paper extends our previous paper (Aizenman, Chinn, and Ito 2008) and explores some of the unexplored questions. First, we examine the channels through which the trilemma policy configurations affect output volatility. Secondly, we investigate how trilemma policy configurations affect the output performance of the economies under severe crisis situations. Thirdly, we look into how trilemma configurations have evolved in the aftermath of economic crises in the past. We find that trilemma policy configurations and external finances affect output volatility mainly through the investment channel. While a higher degree of exchange rate stability could stabilize the real exchange rate movement, it could also make investment volatile, though the volatility-enhancing effect of exchange rate stability on investment can be cancelled by holding higher levels of international reserves (IR). Greater financial openness helps reduce real exchange rate volatility. These results indicate that policymakers in a more open economy would prefer pursuing greater exchange rate stability and greater financial openness while holding a massive amount of IR. We also find that the “crisis economies” could end up with smaller output losses if they entered the crisis situation with more stable exchange rates or if they continue to hold a high level of IR and maintain greater exchange rate stability during the crisis period. Lastly, we find that developing countries are often found to have decreased the level of monetary independence and financial openness, but increased the level of exchange rate stability in the aftermath of a crisis, especially for the last two decades. This finding indicates how vulnerable developing countries, especially emerging market ones, are to volatile capital flows as a result of global financial liberalization. Title: The Financial Crisis, Rethinking of the Global Financial Architecture, and the Trilemma Author: Aizenman, Joshua, Chinn, Menzie David, Ito, Hiro Year: 2010 This paper extends our previous paper (Aizenman, Chinn, and Ito 2008) and explores some of the unexplored questions. First, we examine the channels through which the trilemma policy configurations affect output volatility. Secondly, we investigate how trilemma policy configurations affect the output performance of the economies under severe crisis situations. Thirdly, we look into how trilemma configurations have evolved in the aftermath of economic crises in the past. We find that trilemma policy configurations and external finances affect output volatility mainly through the investment channel. While a higher degree of exchange rate stability could stabilize the real exchange rate movement, it could also make investment volatile, though the volatility-enhancing effect of exchange rate stability on investment can be cancelled by holding higher levels of international reserves (IR). Greater financial openness helps reduce real exchange rate volatility. These results indicate that policymakers in a more open economy would prefer pursuing greater exchange rate stability and greater financial openness while holding a massive amount of IR. We also find that the “crisis economies” could end up with smaller output losses if they entered the crisis situation with more stable exchange rates or if they continue to hold a high level of IR and maintain greater exchange rate stability during the crisis period. Lastly, we find that developing countries are often found to have decreased the level of monetary independence and financial openness, but increased the level of exchange rate stability in the aftermath of a crisis, especially for the last two decades. This finding indicates how vulnerable developing countries, especially emerging market ones, are to volatile capital flows as a result of global financial liberalization. Close

• 71. [Article] Fatty Acids in Cultivated and Wild Fish

  Some years ago, the U.S. Dept. of Agriculture undertook a study of the nutrient profile of the leading species of cultivated and wild fish and shellfish. Some data from that work were published, but information ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Fatty Acids in Cultivated and Wild Fish Author: Nettleton, Joyce A. Year: 2001 Some years ago, the U.S. Dept. of Agriculture undertook a study of the nutrient profile of the leading species of cultivated and wild fish and shellfish. Some data from that work were published, but information on fatty acids was not included. This paper presents data on the fat, cholesterol and major fatty acid content of cultivated and wild channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus), rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri), and coho salmon (Oncorynchus kisutch). Two samples of each species were obtained from the wild at two different seasons, reflecting differences in spawning status; three samples of cultivated channel catfish and rainbow trout plus two of coho salmon were obtained at peak season to coincide with one of the sampling times of the wild samples. Analyses were conducted on raw and cooked fillets. Fatty acids were determined by gas-liquid chromatography. Fat content of cultivated catfish and salmon ranged from 2.5-5 times that of wild samples; fat levels in wild and cultivated trout were similar. Monounsaturates predominated in cultivated catfish and salmon but not trout. Differences in fatty acid profile between wild and cultivated fish were greatest among polyunsaturates; linoleic acid was substantially higher in all cultivated samples than in wild fish. Omega-3 fatty acid levels were related to species and were higher in cultivated than wild samples owing to higher fat content. Data do not support the notion that wild fish are higher in omega-3 fatty acids than cultivated fish. Title: Fatty Acids in Cultivated and Wild Fish Author: Nettleton, Joyce A. Year: 2001 Some years ago, the U.S. Dept. of Agriculture undertook a study of the nutrient profile of the leading species of cultivated and wild fish and shellfish. Some data from that work were published, but information on fatty acids was not included. This paper presents data on the fat, cholesterol and major fatty acid content of cultivated and wild channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus), rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri), and coho salmon (Oncorynchus kisutch). Two samples of each species were obtained from the wild at two different seasons, reflecting differences in spawning status; three samples of cultivated channel catfish and rainbow trout plus two of coho salmon were obtained at peak season to coincide with one of the sampling times of the wild samples. Analyses were conducted on raw and cooked fillets. Fatty acids were determined by gas-liquid chromatography. Fat content of cultivated catfish and salmon ranged from 2.5-5 times that of wild samples; fat levels in wild and cultivated trout were similar. Monounsaturates predominated in cultivated catfish and salmon but not trout. Differences in fatty acid profile between wild and cultivated fish were greatest among polyunsaturates; linoleic acid was substantially higher in all cultivated samples than in wild fish. Omega-3 fatty acid levels were related to species and were higher in cultivated than wild samples owing to higher fat content. Data do not support the notion that wild fish are higher in omega-3 fatty acids than cultivated fish. Close

• 72. [Article] Sneakerheads’ Assessment of Sneaker Value and Behaviors throughout the Sneaker Ownership Cycle

  The purpose of the present study was to investigate value perceptions and consumption behaviors of sneakerheads who are mixed-role resellers of sneakers. “Sneakerhead” is a term given to those who collect ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Sneakerheads’ Assessment of Sneaker Value and Behaviors throughout the Sneaker Ownership Cycle Author: Choi, JIn Woo The purpose of the present study was to investigate value perceptions and consumption behaviors of sneakerheads who are mixed-role resellers of sneakers. “Sneakerhead” is a term given to those who collect and wear sneakers with a vast amount of effort and resources (Semmelhack, Garcia, Lepri, Willis, & Hatfield, 2015). “Mixed-role resellers” is a term given to individuals who collect, use, and resell consumer goods (Chu & Liao, 2007). Traditional consumer behavior frameworks mostly focus on behaviors surrounding pre-acquisition, purchase, and use of goods initially purchased by the consumer for his or her own use (Boyd & McConocha, 1996). These frameworks do not necessarily explain behaviors surrounding goods initially purchased with the intention to resell to others, such as researching predicted resale value during pre-acquisition, using controversial methods to obtain products during acquisition, and taking special measure to keep a product in pristine condition. While the resale market has expanded due to internet and social media, resale behavior has not drawn much attention from researchers. To address this gap, the author took a qualitative approach to gain an understanding of value perception and behaviors when consumers purchase goods with the intention to resell. The three research questions are: 1) What factors into mixed-role reseller sneakerheads’ perception of a sneaker’s value? 2) What behaviors are exhibited by mixed-role reseller sneakerheads during pre-acquisition, acquisition, physical possession, and resale of the sneakers they intend to resell; what motivates these behaviors? 3) What do mixed-role reseller sneakerheads like and dislike about the sneaker resale market? A total of 25 in-depth interviews were conducted using a semi-structured interview guide. Interviewees were recruited through posts on sneakerhead community websites and snowball sampling. To qualify for participation in the study, interviewees needed to fit the description of a sneakerhead and a mixed-role reseller of sneakers. Results show how the interviewees evaluate the value of sneakers they intend to resell, what behaviors interviewees exhibit during the pre-acquisition, acquisition, physical possession, and disposition stages pertaining to sneakers they intend to resell, and how the interviewees felt about the resale market in general. First, data show that sneakers can hold monetary, emotional, functional, and/or social value. Most discussion about sneaker value centered on monetary value. Findings show that interviewees’ perceptions of monetary value were influenced by sneaker model rarity, celebrity endorsement of sneakers, collaboration between brands and celebrities, retro marketing, and sneaker condition. Second, the interviewees who purchased sneakers with resale intention demonstrated behaviors that are noteworthy in various stages of the Inventory Ownership Cycle (IOC) (Boyd & McConocha, 1996). When interviewees considered purchasing sneakers they intended to resale, they did an extensive information search prior to purchase to predict resale price, purchased multiple pairs with controversial methods (e.g., using bots and back-dooring), did not wear or carefully wore the sneakers, utilized various resale channel (e.g., eBay, social media, and mobile applications), and took measures to minimize physical and financial risks of reselling. Third, data show that while interviewees often had both positive and negative affects towards the resale market, they tended to have more negative affects towards resellers who used controversial methods to acquire sneakers. However, the interviewees seemed to accept these negative aspects of the resale market and said nothing can be done to change it. This study has implications for both researchers and business practitioners. For researchers in consumer behavior, this study provides insight into how resale intention can influence behaviors throughout the IOC (Boyd & McConocha, 1996). For business practitioners, findings from this study call attention to the need to consider consumers who purchase for personal use and consumers who purchase for resale as different market segments. It also calls out the need for brand managers to preserve this unique consumer culture and reduce negative outcomes caused by reselling. Title: Sneakerheads’ Assessment of Sneaker Value and Behaviors throughout the Sneaker Ownership Cycle Author: Choi, JIn Woo The purpose of the present study was to investigate value perceptions and consumption behaviors of sneakerheads who are mixed-role resellers of sneakers. “Sneakerhead” is a term given to those who collect and wear sneakers with a vast amount of effort and resources (Semmelhack, Garcia, Lepri, Willis, & Hatfield, 2015). “Mixed-role resellers” is a term given to individuals who collect, use, and resell consumer goods (Chu & Liao, 2007). Traditional consumer behavior frameworks mostly focus on behaviors surrounding pre-acquisition, purchase, and use of goods initially purchased by the consumer for his or her own use (Boyd & McConocha, 1996). These frameworks do not necessarily explain behaviors surrounding goods initially purchased with the intention to resell to others, such as researching predicted resale value during pre-acquisition, using controversial methods to obtain products during acquisition, and taking special measure to keep a product in pristine condition. While the resale market has expanded due to internet and social media, resale behavior has not drawn much attention from researchers. To address this gap, the author took a qualitative approach to gain an understanding of value perception and behaviors when consumers purchase goods with the intention to resell. The three research questions are: 1) What factors into mixed-role reseller sneakerheads’ perception of a sneaker’s value? 2) What behaviors are exhibited by mixed-role reseller sneakerheads during pre-acquisition, acquisition, physical possession, and resale of the sneakers they intend to resell; what motivates these behaviors? 3) What do mixed-role reseller sneakerheads like and dislike about the sneaker resale market? A total of 25 in-depth interviews were conducted using a semi-structured interview guide. Interviewees were recruited through posts on sneakerhead community websites and snowball sampling. To qualify for participation in the study, interviewees needed to fit the description of a sneakerhead and a mixed-role reseller of sneakers. Results show how the interviewees evaluate the value of sneakers they intend to resell, what behaviors interviewees exhibit during the pre-acquisition, acquisition, physical possession, and disposition stages pertaining to sneakers they intend to resell, and how the interviewees felt about the resale market in general. First, data show that sneakers can hold monetary, emotional, functional, and/or social value. Most discussion about sneaker value centered on monetary value. Findings show that interviewees’ perceptions of monetary value were influenced by sneaker model rarity, celebrity endorsement of sneakers, collaboration between brands and celebrities, retro marketing, and sneaker condition. Second, the interviewees who purchased sneakers with resale intention demonstrated behaviors that are noteworthy in various stages of the Inventory Ownership Cycle (IOC) (Boyd & McConocha, 1996). When interviewees considered purchasing sneakers they intended to resale, they did an extensive information search prior to purchase to predict resale price, purchased multiple pairs with controversial methods (e.g., using bots and back-dooring), did not wear or carefully wore the sneakers, utilized various resale channel (e.g., eBay, social media, and mobile applications), and took measures to minimize physical and financial risks of reselling. Third, data show that while interviewees often had both positive and negative affects towards the resale market, they tended to have more negative affects towards resellers who used controversial methods to acquire sneakers. However, the interviewees seemed to accept these negative aspects of the resale market and said nothing can be done to change it. This study has implications for both researchers and business practitioners. For researchers in consumer behavior, this study provides insight into how resale intention can influence behaviors throughout the IOC (Boyd & McConocha, 1996). For business practitioners, findings from this study call attention to the need to consider consumers who purchase for personal use and consumers who purchase for resale as different market segments. It also calls out the need for brand managers to preserve this unique consumer culture and reduce negative outcomes caused by reselling. Close

• 73. [Article] Animals in Advertising: Eliciting Powerful Consumer Response, Resulting in Enhanced Brand Engagement

  The use of live animals as a communications tool has been seen in thousands of commercials, many of which have received international attention through online channels. As the Internet becomes a prevalent ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Animals in Advertising: Eliciting Powerful Consumer Response, Resulting in Enhanced Brand Engagement Author: Braunwart, Natasha Year: 2015 The use of live animals as a communications tool has been seen in thousands of commercials, many of which have received international attention through online channels. As the Internet becomes a prevalent sharing platform, the reactions from viewers can be better understood with quantifiable metrics. A new perspective on why live animals are used in advertising is given, with consideration of three branches of study. These include (1) the role of animals in advertising, (2) the role of animals in human’s everyday life, and (3) the development of brand engagement. The 2015 Super Bowl commercial line-up is looked at, and Budweiser’s Lost Dog commercial is closely examined. Lost Dog is presented as an exemplary case demonstrating how these three branches work together to create successful engagement with consumers. Recommendations to further research consumer responses are made. Title: Animals in Advertising: Eliciting Powerful Consumer Response, Resulting in Enhanced Brand Engagement Author: Braunwart, Natasha Year: 2015 The use of live animals as a communications tool has been seen in thousands of commercials, many of which have received international attention through online channels. As the Internet becomes a prevalent sharing platform, the reactions from viewers can be better understood with quantifiable metrics. A new perspective on why live animals are used in advertising is given, with consideration of three branches of study. These include (1) the role of animals in advertising, (2) the role of animals in human’s everyday life, and (3) the development of brand engagement. The 2015 Super Bowl commercial line-up is looked at, and Budweiser’s Lost Dog commercial is closely examined. Lost Dog is presented as an exemplary case demonstrating how these three branches work together to create successful engagement with consumers. Recommendations to further research consumer responses are made. Close

• 74. [Article] Diminished Democracy? Portland Radio News/Public Affairs After the Telecom Act of 1996

  News and public affairs on commercial radio dramatically changed following the 1996 Telecom Act, with rapid consolidation and economic efficiencies radically shrinking commercial radio's role in the provision ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Diminished Democracy? Portland Radio News/Public Affairs After the Telecom Act of 1996 Author: Webb, Rebecca Year: 2011 News and public affairs on commercial radio dramatically changed following the 1996 Telecom Act, with rapid consolidation and economic efficiencies radically shrinking commercial radio's role in the provision of political information. By examining jobs data, public files, and the views of broadcast journalists, this project assesses the Act's impact through the lens of civic-minded Portland, Oregon. Because political information enables democracy, and because of radio's uniquely accessible qualities, this paper argues that market emphasis in media policy--especially in the Act's absolute manifestation--has diminished a significant channel of public discourse. Noticing radio's democratic potential, still relevant in the digital age, this work offers support for a revival of discursive opportunities on local commercial radio. Title: Diminished Democracy? Portland Radio News/Public Affairs After the Telecom Act of 1996 Author: Webb, Rebecca Year: 2011 News and public affairs on commercial radio dramatically changed following the 1996 Telecom Act, with rapid consolidation and economic efficiencies radically shrinking commercial radio's role in the provision of political information. By examining jobs data, public files, and the views of broadcast journalists, this project assesses the Act's impact through the lens of civic-minded Portland, Oregon. Because political information enables democracy, and because of radio's uniquely accessible qualities, this paper argues that market emphasis in media policy--especially in the Act's absolute manifestation--has diminished a significant channel of public discourse. Noticing radio's democratic potential, still relevant in the digital age, this work offers support for a revival of discursive opportunities on local commercial radio. Close

• 75. [Article] Data rate improvements for the IEEE 802.11 wireless local area network standard through the use of code division multiple access and turbo coding

  The widespread use of Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN) and the desire for such products from different vendors to operate together has generated a movement towards standardization. Over the last decade, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Data rate improvements for the IEEE 802.11 wireless local area network standard through the use of code division multiple access and turbo coding Author: Buck, David H. The widespread use of Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN) and the desire for such products from different vendors to operate together has generated a movement towards standardization. Over the last decade, several organizations worldwide have researched and developed such standards, this includes the IEEE 802.11 committee. One of the important considerations in design and marketing WLAN products is the data rate supported by such products. This thesis deals with the development of a modification of the Direct Sequence (DS) physical layer standard in IEEE 802.11 to allow higher data rates beyond the 1-2Mb/s supported by the standard. More precisely, this thesis proposes using Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) and turbo coding, an aggressive channel encoding technique, to improve the data rate performance 2-3 times over that in IEEE 802.11. A simplified transceiver design is presented and computer simulations are performed to verify the design and implementation considerations. Title: Data rate improvements for the IEEE 802.11 wireless local area network standard through the use of code division multiple access and turbo coding Author: Buck, David H. The widespread use of Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN) and the desire for such products from different vendors to operate together has generated a movement towards standardization. Over the last decade, several organizations worldwide have researched and developed such standards, this includes the IEEE 802.11 committee. One of the important considerations in design and marketing WLAN products is the data rate supported by such products. This thesis deals with the development of a modification of the Direct Sequence (DS) physical layer standard in IEEE 802.11 to allow higher data rates beyond the 1-2Mb/s supported by the standard. More precisely, this thesis proposes using Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) and turbo coding, an aggressive channel encoding technique, to improve the data rate performance 2-3 times over that in IEEE 802.11. A simplified transceiver design is presented and computer simulations are performed to verify the design and implementation considerations. Close

• 76. [Article] An economic comparison of three cattle grazing management strategies intended to improve riparian habitat and water quality

  Grazing of riparian forage by livestock may alter stream channel morphology in ways that impact nearby aquatic habitat, bank stability, vegetative cover and water quality. A number of grazing management ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: An economic comparison of three cattle grazing management strategies intended to improve riparian habitat and water quality Author: Sharp, Jeffrey L. Grazing of riparian forage by livestock may alter stream channel morphology in ways that impact nearby aquatic habitat, bank stability, vegetative cover and water quality. A number of grazing management practices have been proposed as a means to reduce the amount of time cattle spend in the riparian zone. The effectiveness and long-term economic feasibility of these grazing management practices is largely unknown. Little is known about economic differences resulting from seasonally prescribed grazing. Findings from this research will aid ranch and resource managers in making economically viable and ecologically sound resource decisions for the future. This study was conducted to analyze the economic and environmental impacts of seasonal grazing and off-stream water development on a 300 head cow-calf ranch in northeastern Oregon. A bio-economic model was developed to analyze and compare three grazing management practices at the ranch level. Economic impacts to the model ranch were analyzed by examining changes in long-run annual revenue and total net present value (NPV) expected for each of the three management practices under various rainfall conditions, cattle market scenarios and discounts rates. Late summer grazing of riparian pasture with off-stream water development yielded the highest comparable NPV across all rainfall and market price scenarios examined Changes in the discount rate inversely affected the NPV of future returns, but did not alter the optimal grazing strategy. Only slight differences in NPV were measured between early and late seasonal grazing options. Water quality monitoring results from the study were inconclusive. Results showed that the optimal strategy for the protection of water quality varied depending upon the limiting factor of highest concern. Cattle distribution indicators such as average distance from stream and streamside fecal counts, point toward early season grazing as the most effective strategy at dispersing cattle away from the stream corridor. Title: An economic comparison of three cattle grazing management strategies intended to improve riparian habitat and water quality Author: Sharp, Jeffrey L. Grazing of riparian forage by livestock may alter stream channel morphology in ways that impact nearby aquatic habitat, bank stability, vegetative cover and water quality. A number of grazing management practices have been proposed as a means to reduce the amount of time cattle spend in the riparian zone. The effectiveness and long-term economic feasibility of these grazing management practices is largely unknown. Little is known about economic differences resulting from seasonally prescribed grazing. Findings from this research will aid ranch and resource managers in making economically viable and ecologically sound resource decisions for the future. This study was conducted to analyze the economic and environmental impacts of seasonal grazing and off-stream water development on a 300 head cow-calf ranch in northeastern Oregon. A bio-economic model was developed to analyze and compare three grazing management practices at the ranch level. Economic impacts to the model ranch were analyzed by examining changes in long-run annual revenue and total net present value (NPV) expected for each of the three management practices under various rainfall conditions, cattle market scenarios and discounts rates. Late summer grazing of riparian pasture with off-stream water development yielded the highest comparable NPV across all rainfall and market price scenarios examined Changes in the discount rate inversely affected the NPV of future returns, but did not alter the optimal grazing strategy. Only slight differences in NPV were measured between early and late seasonal grazing options. Water quality monitoring results from the study were inconclusive. Results showed that the optimal strategy for the protection of water quality varied depending upon the limiting factor of highest concern. Cattle distribution indicators such as average distance from stream and streamside fecal counts, point toward early season grazing as the most effective strategy at dispersing cattle away from the stream corridor. Close

• 77. [Article] Public investment policy and industry incentives in life science research

  The biorevolution in the 1970’s greatly stimulated investment in life-science research. The present dissertation is aimed at evaluating the impact of US public investment on industrial investment in life-science ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Public investment policy and industry incentives in life science research Author: Wang, Chenggang The biorevolution in the 1970’s greatly stimulated investment in life-science research. The present dissertation is aimed at evaluating the impact of US public investment on industrial investment in life-science research. The focus is on three major life-science fields: biology, medicine, and agriculture. A dynamic model of industrial R&D investment is developed to identify the channels of influence which public R&D investment has on industrial R&D investment. The model takes into consideration four determinants of industrial R&D investment: market demand, technological opportunity, supply of scientific labor, and adjustment costs. The model is estimated using R&D expenditures and patent counts constructed at the individual life-science field level. Results show that, as far as the life sciences are concerned, the R&D performed by public institutions has been the primary cause of the past two decades’ surge in industrial R&D investment. Even after accounting for the negative wage effect, public institution R&D has been strongly complementary to industrial R&D, both in agriculture and in medicine. Public institutions’ basic biological research has had a significant “infrastructure” effect on industry’s agricultural and medical research. Although analysts typically have argued that market demand and technological opportunity are equally important determinants of the pace and direction of technological change, we find that, in the life sciences at least, the dominating stimulant to industrial R&D investment has been technology push, i.e., the creation of new technological opportunities when advances are made in public institutions’ research. Title: Public investment policy and industry incentives in life science research Author: Wang, Chenggang The biorevolution in the 1970’s greatly stimulated investment in life-science research. The present dissertation is aimed at evaluating the impact of US public investment on industrial investment in life-science research. The focus is on three major life-science fields: biology, medicine, and agriculture. A dynamic model of industrial R&D investment is developed to identify the channels of influence which public R&D investment has on industrial R&D investment. The model takes into consideration four determinants of industrial R&D investment: market demand, technological opportunity, supply of scientific labor, and adjustment costs. The model is estimated using R&D expenditures and patent counts constructed at the individual life-science field level. Results show that, as far as the life sciences are concerned, the R&D performed by public institutions has been the primary cause of the past two decades’ surge in industrial R&D investment. Even after accounting for the negative wage effect, public institution R&D has been strongly complementary to industrial R&D, both in agriculture and in medicine. Public institutions’ basic biological research has had a significant “infrastructure” effect on industry’s agricultural and medical research. Although analysts typically have argued that market demand and technological opportunity are equally important determinants of the pace and direction of technological change, we find that, in the life sciences at least, the dominating stimulant to industrial R&D investment has been technology push, i.e., the creation of new technological opportunities when advances are made in public institutions’ research. Close

• 78. [Article] Digital Media Battleground

  Current digital media distribution platforms continue their march towards streaming service-based infrastructures, delivering content to users when and where they want it: laptops, set top boxes, home ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Digital Media Battleground Author: Alhajri, Fahad, Bowen, James, Brewer, Brian, Hagos, Meles, Moshfegh, Farzad, Penmetsa, Srujana, Thomas, Jerrod Year: 2013 Current digital media distribution platforms continue their march towards streaming service-based infrastructures, delivering content to users when and where they want it: laptops, set top boxes, home entertainment systems, and the new ubiquity: mobile devices. This model was first demonstrated by utilizing the multicast backbone technology in the early 1990s and took the better part of a decade to make inroads in changing the way individuals consume broadcast, mainstream, and syndicated video media. It took the advent of streaming technology, high-speed internet adoption, and a willingness from content owners to license their treasured content with upstart streaming media platform companies. Digital music distribution showed consumers, content owners, and distribution channels what can happen when one player effectively creates a new, disruptive technology platform, i.e. Apple’s iTunes Music Store. Now content owners are afraid of a single distributor dictating the methods, prices, and channels by which their content reaches consumers. Today, streaming technology is making a play against the incumbent iTunes transactional model of Buy, Download, and Own digital distribution by providing varies models to consumers: integrated advertising-based, subscription-based, and traditional cable “packages” with integrated on-demand streaming, all of which retain no permanence or ownership for the end user. Content owners are treading carefully, trying to avoid the single, dominant point of distribution that Apple achieved in music distribution. The results of this are less optimal from both a market standpoint and especially the experience for consumers. Media companies frequently change the terms of their licenses, or drastically increasing their licensing costs, causing radical fluctuations in the long-term viability of the nascent distribution platforms. Consumers interact with this environment through complicated, multiparty subscriptions, multiple applications or web interfaces, umpteen logins, various bills, and a nebulous understanding and ability to sit down and watch premium content when and where they want it. The entire market is in its juvenile form, stretching, growing, and trying to find that balance of monetization and the critical mass of consumer adoption required to truly transform media consumption from the real-time, over-the-air broadcast format it has been since television’s inception, to a time-shifted, choose your own, content delivery system based around the internet as the delivery medium. In this paper we idealize the situation by analyzing the largest incumbents for each of the monetization models, provide input into their strength and weaknesses and finally analyze and postulate what we believe will the trends and concerns moving forward into this new digital media panacea. Title: Digital Media Battleground Author: Alhajri, Fahad, Bowen, James, Brewer, Brian, Hagos, Meles, Moshfegh, Farzad, Penmetsa, Srujana, Thomas, Jerrod Year: 2013 Current digital media distribution platforms continue their march towards streaming service-based infrastructures, delivering content to users when and where they want it: laptops, set top boxes, home entertainment systems, and the new ubiquity: mobile devices. This model was first demonstrated by utilizing the multicast backbone technology in the early 1990s and took the better part of a decade to make inroads in changing the way individuals consume broadcast, mainstream, and syndicated video media. It took the advent of streaming technology, high-speed internet adoption, and a willingness from content owners to license their treasured content with upstart streaming media platform companies. Digital music distribution showed consumers, content owners, and distribution channels what can happen when one player effectively creates a new, disruptive technology platform, i.e. Apple’s iTunes Music Store. Now content owners are afraid of a single distributor dictating the methods, prices, and channels by which their content reaches consumers. Today, streaming technology is making a play against the incumbent iTunes transactional model of Buy, Download, and Own digital distribution by providing varies models to consumers: integrated advertising-based, subscription-based, and traditional cable “packages” with integrated on-demand streaming, all of which retain no permanence or ownership for the end user. Content owners are treading carefully, trying to avoid the single, dominant point of distribution that Apple achieved in music distribution. The results of this are less optimal from both a market standpoint and especially the experience for consumers. Media companies frequently change the terms of their licenses, or drastically increasing their licensing costs, causing radical fluctuations in the long-term viability of the nascent distribution platforms. Consumers interact with this environment through complicated, multiparty subscriptions, multiple applications or web interfaces, umpteen logins, various bills, and a nebulous understanding and ability to sit down and watch premium content when and where they want it. The entire market is in its juvenile form, stretching, growing, and trying to find that balance of monetization and the critical mass of consumer adoption required to truly transform media consumption from the real-time, over-the-air broadcast format it has been since television’s inception, to a time-shifted, choose your own, content delivery system based around the internet as the delivery medium. In this paper we idealize the situation by analyzing the largest incumbents for each of the monetization models, provide input into their strength and weaknesses and finally analyze and postulate what we believe will the trends and concerns moving forward into this new digital media panacea. Close

• 79. [Article] Depositional model of the Antelope Coal Field, Wyoming

  The coal-bearing sediments of the Antelope coal field in the southcentral Powder River Basin, Wyoming were deposited in paludal and tributary subsystems of the fluvial system that existed in the basin ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Depositional model of the Antelope Coal Field, Wyoming Author: Budai, Christine M. Year: 1983 The coal-bearing sediments of the Antelope coal field in the southcentral Powder River Basin, Wyoming were deposited in paludal and tributary subsystems of the fluvial system that existed in the basin during the early Tertiary. A depositional model for the Antelope coal field was constructed from data collected from approximately 500 drill holes that penetrated the upper 90 meters (300 feet) of the Fort Union Formation. The depositional environments were interpreted from lithologic descriptions and guidelines established in the literature. The two main coal seams at the Antelope coal field are the Anderson and stratigraphically lower Canyon coal seams. They represent poorly-drained swamp depositional environments. Each of the coal seams exhibit splits into multiple and thinner coal seams to the southwest. The parting rocks that lie between these splits, sedimentary structures, and isopach maps of the partings indicate that crevasse splaying with lacustrine and small channel development caused the observed splits in the coal seams. Distal overbank deposits occur at the top of the Canyon seam and at the base of the Anderson seam; well-drained swamp deposits and crevasse splay, lacustrine, lacustrine delta, and small channel-fill deposits occur in between the coal seams. The rocks underlying the Canyon coal seam suggest that the area of the Antelope coal field was a poorly-drained swamp that developed into a well-drained swamp with minor small channel development. The area once again digressed to a poorly-drained swamp which was the beginning of the Canyon coal swamp. The rocks overlying the Anderson seam represent a combination of the environments mentioned above with deposits from lacustrine and well-drained swamp environments dominating. The observed splits in the Anderson and Canyon coal seams to the southwest at the Antelope coal field suggest that a change in the fluvial system and/or tectonic stability of the Powder River Basin occurred and affected deposition in the southcentral portion of the basin. A combination of 1) relative basin subsidence, 2) a prograding and aggrading trunk stream with a thick levee deposit, and 3) peat accumulation that kept pace with relative basin subsidence are proposed mechanisms for the formation of the thick, continuous coal seams present in the basin and a disturbance or change in any of these processes could produce the splits observed in the Anderson and Canyon coal "Seams at the Antelope coal field. Syn- and post-depositional processes that have affected the coal quality and reserves at the Antelope coal field include compaction, erosion and deposition from modern stream action, and burning and oxidation of the coal seams. The position of the paleowater table during stream downcutting and erosion of the coal seams controlled the occurrence and extent of oxidation and burning. Exploration and development of the Antelope coal deposit can be executed in a more efficient manner by using the depositional model. Future exploration drilling programs, design of the mine site, mining and marketing the coal, and later reclamation of the mined area are all affected by the depositional model. Title: Depositional model of the Antelope Coal Field, Wyoming Author: Budai, Christine M. Year: 1983 The coal-bearing sediments of the Antelope coal field in the southcentral Powder River Basin, Wyoming were deposited in paludal and tributary subsystems of the fluvial system that existed in the basin during the early Tertiary. A depositional model for the Antelope coal field was constructed from data collected from approximately 500 drill holes that penetrated the upper 90 meters (300 feet) of the Fort Union Formation. The depositional environments were interpreted from lithologic descriptions and guidelines established in the literature. The two main coal seams at the Antelope coal field are the Anderson and stratigraphically lower Canyon coal seams. They represent poorly-drained swamp depositional environments. Each of the coal seams exhibit splits into multiple and thinner coal seams to the southwest. The parting rocks that lie between these splits, sedimentary structures, and isopach maps of the partings indicate that crevasse splaying with lacustrine and small channel development caused the observed splits in the coal seams. Distal overbank deposits occur at the top of the Canyon seam and at the base of the Anderson seam; well-drained swamp deposits and crevasse splay, lacustrine, lacustrine delta, and small channel-fill deposits occur in between the coal seams. The rocks underlying the Canyon coal seam suggest that the area of the Antelope coal field was a poorly-drained swamp that developed into a well-drained swamp with minor small channel development. The area once again digressed to a poorly-drained swamp which was the beginning of the Canyon coal swamp. The rocks overlying the Anderson seam represent a combination of the environments mentioned above with deposits from lacustrine and well-drained swamp environments dominating. The observed splits in the Anderson and Canyon coal seams to the southwest at the Antelope coal field suggest that a change in the fluvial system and/or tectonic stability of the Powder River Basin occurred and affected deposition in the southcentral portion of the basin. A combination of 1) relative basin subsidence, 2) a prograding and aggrading trunk stream with a thick levee deposit, and 3) peat accumulation that kept pace with relative basin subsidence are proposed mechanisms for the formation of the thick, continuous coal seams present in the basin and a disturbance or change in any of these processes could produce the splits observed in the Anderson and Canyon coal "Seams at the Antelope coal field. Syn- and post-depositional processes that have affected the coal quality and reserves at the Antelope coal field include compaction, erosion and deposition from modern stream action, and burning and oxidation of the coal seams. The position of the paleowater table during stream downcutting and erosion of the coal seams controlled the occurrence and extent of oxidation and burning. Exploration and development of the Antelope coal deposit can be executed in a more efficient manner by using the depositional model. Future exploration drilling programs, design of the mine site, mining and marketing the coal, and later reclamation of the mined area are all affected by the depositional model. Close

• 80. [Article] Half Array Architecture for Advancing Microchannel Heat Recuperation to Market

  High temperature microchannel heat recuperators (HTμRs) offer an efficient means of improving reactor process thermal efficiency by offering smaller form factors due to increased heat transfer surface ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Half Array Architecture for Advancing Microchannel Heat Recuperation to Market Author: Brannon, Samuel T. High temperature microchannel heat recuperators (HTμRs) offer an efficient means of improving reactor process thermal efficiency by offering smaller form factors due to increased heat transfer surface area density and volumetric heat transfer rate over traditional heat exchanger designs. To date, HTμRs face cost and reliability challenges. In this work, a HTμR design was developed capable of utilizing high volume manufacturing methods to improve raw material utilization and cost. The design utilizes a microchannel flow insert (MFI) to resist differential pressures within low pressure channels eliminating the need for photochemical machining. The MFIs are placed within a laser-welded microchannel half array which is inserted within a metal housing to establish the counter flow path. Analytical and computational models were developed to guide the structural, thermal and fluidic design of the sub-millimeter MFI for waste heat applications. A forming process was developed for producing the MFIs and experimental investigations were used to validate structural, thermal and fluidic performance. A robust microforming fabrication process was developed capable of providing average MFI heights of 529 μm with 0.5% standard deviation. MFIs were analyzed for out-of-plane compressive stiffness and compressive strength over multiple loading cycles to validate both analytical and finite element models. A finite element model provided a model error of 6.8% for compressive stiffness. The unbonded μPTN design presented yields an 88% decrease in structural panel size compared to macro-pyramidal truss networks for a given loading condition while maintaining similar panel area. Single layer fluid flow experiments were conducted to determine the average Nusselt number and pressure drop in microchannels both with and without an MFI installed. The MFI increased the average Nusselt number by 2.9x due to increased fluid mixing. The pressure drop through the MFI was found to be on average five times higher than the empty channel due to reduced flow cross-section area. The network pressure drop model yielded a percent error at low Reynolds numbers of 5.2%. Subsequently, a 3.5 kW HTμR made of Inconel 625 was designed for waste heat recovery with an inlet temperature of 850°C. A subscale HTμR was fabricated and tested to validate the 3.5 kW design. The sub-scale five layer HTμR was tested with a hot side inlet temperature of 300°C. The sub-scale device performed as expected in terms of effectiveness (4.3% error), duty (4.3% error), and MFI channel pressure drop (-2.6% error). These results were used to scale a 3.5 kW Inconel 625 HTμR with a heat transfer surface area density of 1,633 m²/m³, a volumetric heat transfer coefficient of 2.3 MW/(m³K), and a volumetric heat transfer rate of 32 MW/m³ providing improved results versus high temperature recuperator designs in literature. Title: Half Array Architecture for Advancing Microchannel Heat Recuperation to Market Author: Brannon, Samuel T. High temperature microchannel heat recuperators (HTμRs) offer an efficient means of improving reactor process thermal efficiency by offering smaller form factors due to increased heat transfer surface area density and volumetric heat transfer rate over traditional heat exchanger designs. To date, HTμRs face cost and reliability challenges. In this work, a HTμR design was developed capable of utilizing high volume manufacturing methods to improve raw material utilization and cost. The design utilizes a microchannel flow insert (MFI) to resist differential pressures within low pressure channels eliminating the need for photochemical machining. The MFIs are placed within a laser-welded microchannel half array which is inserted within a metal housing to establish the counter flow path. Analytical and computational models were developed to guide the structural, thermal and fluidic design of the sub-millimeter MFI for waste heat applications. A forming process was developed for producing the MFIs and experimental investigations were used to validate structural, thermal and fluidic performance. A robust microforming fabrication process was developed capable of providing average MFI heights of 529 μm with 0.5% standard deviation. MFIs were analyzed for out-of-plane compressive stiffness and compressive strength over multiple loading cycles to validate both analytical and finite element models. A finite element model provided a model error of 6.8% for compressive stiffness. The unbonded μPTN design presented yields an 88% decrease in structural panel size compared to macro-pyramidal truss networks for a given loading condition while maintaining similar panel area. Single layer fluid flow experiments were conducted to determine the average Nusselt number and pressure drop in microchannels both with and without an MFI installed. The MFI increased the average Nusselt number by 2.9x due to increased fluid mixing. The pressure drop through the MFI was found to be on average five times higher than the empty channel due to reduced flow cross-section area. The network pressure drop model yielded a percent error at low Reynolds numbers of 5.2%. Subsequently, a 3.5 kW HTμR made of Inconel 625 was designed for waste heat recovery with an inlet temperature of 850°C. A subscale HTμR was fabricated and tested to validate the 3.5 kW design. The sub-scale five layer HTμR was tested with a hot side inlet temperature of 300°C. The sub-scale device performed as expected in terms of effectiveness (4.3% error), duty (4.3% error), and MFI channel pressure drop (-2.6% error). These results were used to scale a 3.5 kW Inconel 625 HTμR with a heat transfer surface area density of 1,633 m²/m³, a volumetric heat transfer coefficient of 2.3 MW/(m³K), and a volumetric heat transfer rate of 32 MW/m³ providing improved results versus high temperature recuperator designs in literature. Close