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• 3091. [Image] Molecular evolution and ecology of Klamath Basin suckers. Part A - Use of anonymous nuclear loci as species markers in Klamath basin suckers (Catostomidae)

  	One chapter of a seven chapter annual report from 1999 examining ecological issues regarding the shortnose and Lost River sucker populations in Upper Klamath Lake and Williamson River.
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Molecular evolution and ecology of Klamath Basin suckers. Part A - Use of anonymous nuclear loci as species markers in Klamath basin suckers (Catostomidae) Author: Oregon Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit Year: 2000, 2005 One chapter of a seven chapter annual report from 1999 examining ecological issues regarding the shortnose and Lost River sucker populations in Upper Klamath Lake and Williamson River. Title: Molecular evolution and ecology of Klamath Basin suckers. Part A - Use of anonymous nuclear loci as species markers in Klamath basin suckers (Catostomidae) Author: Oregon Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit Year: 2000, 2005 One chapter of a seven chapter annual report from 1999 examining ecological issues regarding the shortnose and Lost River sucker populations in Upper Klamath Lake and Williamson River. Close

• 3092. [Image] Agreement with Indians of Klamath Reservation, Oregon

  	"Mr. Moody, of Oregon, from the Committee on Indian Affairs, submitted the following report, to accompany H.R. 8760"
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Agreement with Indians of Klamath Reservation, Oregon Author: United States. Congress. House. Committee on Indian Affairs Year: 1902, 2004 "Mr. Moody, of Oregon, from the Committee on Indian Affairs, submitted the following report, to accompany H.R. 8760" Title: Agreement with Indians of Klamath Reservation, Oregon Author: United States. Congress. House. Committee on Indian Affairs Year: 1902, 2004 "Mr. Moody, of Oregon, from the Committee on Indian Affairs, submitted the following report, to accompany H.R. 8760" Close

• 3093. [Image] Proceedings of second conference of engineers of the Reclamation service, with accompanying papers.

  	Conference was held at El Paso, Tex., November 14 to 18, 1904, and adjourned to Washington, D.C., where it was continued from January 9 to 14, 1905;
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Proceedings of second conference of engineers of the Reclamation service, with accompanying papers. Author: Newell, Frederick Haynes, 1862-1932 Year: 1905, 2008, 2005 Conference was held at El Paso, Tex., November 14 to 18, 1904, and adjourned to Washington, D.C., where it was continued from January 9 to 14, 1905; Title: Proceedings of second conference of engineers of the Reclamation service, with accompanying papers. Author: Newell, Frederick Haynes, 1862-1932 Year: 1905, 2008, 2005 Conference was held at El Paso, Tex., November 14 to 18, 1904, and adjourned to Washington, D.C., where it was continued from January 9 to 14, 1905; Close

• 3094. [Image] Wildlife of the Klamath Basin National Wildlife Refuges, California-Oregon

  	Distributed to depository libraries in microfiche; Shipping list no.: 96-0055-P; "September 1995"--P. [18]; "RF116690"--P. [18]
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Wildlife of the Klamath Basin National Wildlife Refuges, California-Oregon Author: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Year: 1995, 2007, 2006 Distributed to depository libraries in microfiche; Shipping list no.: 96-0055-P; "September 1995"--P. [18]; "RF116690"--P. [18] Title: Wildlife of the Klamath Basin National Wildlife Refuges, California-Oregon Author: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Year: 1995, 2007, 2006 Distributed to depository libraries in microfiche; Shipping list no.: 96-0055-P; "September 1995"--P. [18]; "RF116690"--P. [18] Close

• 3095. [Image] Federal Register - Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Definition of "Harm"

  	This final rule defines the term "harm", which is contained in the definition of "take" in the Endangered Species Act (ESA). The purpose of this rulemaking is to clarify the type of actions that may result ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Federal Register - Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Definition of "Harm" Year: 1999, 2008, 2005 This final rule defines the term "harm", which is contained in the definition of "take" in the Endangered Species Act (ESA). The purpose of this rulemaking is to clarify the type of actions that may result in a take of a listed species under the ESA. This final rule is not a change in existing law. It provides clear notification to the public that habitat modification or degradation may harm listed species and, therefore, constitutes a take under the ESA as well as ensuring consistency between NMFS and the Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS). This final rule defines the term "harm" to include any act which actually kills or injures fish or wildlife, and emphasizes that such acts may include significant habitat modification or degradation that significantly impairs essential behavioral patterns of fish or wildlife Title: Federal Register - Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Definition of "Harm" Year: 1999, 2008, 2005 This final rule defines the term "harm", which is contained in the definition of "take" in the Endangered Species Act (ESA). The purpose of this rulemaking is to clarify the type of actions that may result in a take of a listed species under the ESA. This final rule is not a change in existing law. It provides clear notification to the public that habitat modification or degradation may harm listed species and, therefore, constitutes a take under the ESA as well as ensuring consistency between NMFS and the Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS). This final rule defines the term "harm" to include any act which actually kills or injures fish or wildlife, and emphasizes that such acts may include significant habitat modification or degradation that significantly impairs essential behavioral patterns of fish or wildlife Close

• 3096. [Image] Reproductive biology and demographics of endangered Lost River and shortnose suckers in Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon

  	We analyzed the reproductive biology and demographics of the Lost River sucker Deltistes luxatus and shortnose sucker Chasmistes brevirostris, two endangered species endemic to the upper Klamath Basin ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Reproductive biology and demographics of endangered Lost River and shortnose suckers in Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon Author: Perkins, David L.; Scoppettone, Gary; Buettner, Mark Year: 2000, 2005 We analyzed the reproductive biology and demographics of the Lost River sucker Deltistes luxatus and shortnose sucker Chasmistes brevirostris, two endangered species endemic to the upper Klamath Basin of Oregon and California, from 1984-1997. Lost River suckers had distinct river and lake shoreline spawning stocks, and individuals of both species commonly spawned in consecutive years. In the Williamson River and lower Sprague River, spawning migration by both species occurred mainly during a 5-week period that started within the first three weeks of April and peaked between mid April and early May, although a separate, earlier (mid March) run of Lost River suckers may also spawn in the upper Sprague River. Migration of both species was several times higher at dawn (0500-0730 h) and evening (1800-2200 h) than other times of the day. Peak migrations almost always corresponded to peaks in water temperature, usually at 10-15°C. Lost River suckers were captured at springs along the east shore of the lake from late February through mid May, with peak spawning usually in mid March to mid April. Shortnose suckers were generally captured at the springs from late March through late May, but the time of peak spawning was not determined. Size and age at maturity was determined by recruitment from a strong year class (1991). Male Lost River suckers began recruitment into the adult population at age 4+ (375-475 mm). Substantial recruitment of females did not begin until age 7+ (510-560 mm). Male and female shortnose suckers began recruitment at age 4+, with the majority offish recruited by age 5+. Males recruited at 270-370 mm; females recruited at 325-425 mm. Fecundity estimates were quite variable ranging from 44,000-236,000 eggs per female Lost River sucker and 18,000-72,000 eggs per female shortnose sucker. In 1984 and 1985, the spawning populations of both species were dominated by large, old individuals, with little indication of recent adult recruitment. In the next 13 years, only one strong year class (1991) recruited into the spawning populations of both species. This year class temporarily boosted population numbers, but annual fish kills from 1995 to 1997 eliminated most adults of both species. Associated with poor water quality caused by the proliferation and decay of blue-green algae Aphanizomenonflos-aquae, these fish kills raise concern that alterations to the lake ecosystem over the past several decades have Perkins et al. Lost River and shortnose suckers 5 increased the magnitude and frequency of poor water quality. As a result, mortality rates of all life stages may have increased, thereby disrupting the species' life history pattern and potentially decreasing long-term population viability. Introduction The Lost River sucker Deltistes luxatus and shortnose sucker Chasmistes brevirostris are large, long-lived suckers endemic to the upper Klamath Basin of Oregon and California. Both species are typically lake dwelling but migrate to tributaries or shoreline springs to spawn (Moyle 1976, Scoppettone and Vinyard 1991). Once extremely abundant (Cope 1884, Gilbert 1898), both species have experienced severe population declines and were federally listed as endangered in 1988 (USFWS 1988). Much of the original habitat of these suckers has been destroyed or altered by conversion of lake areas to agriculture, dams, instream flow diversions, and water quality problems associated with timber harvest, loss of riparian vegetation, livestock grazing, and agricultural practices (USFWS 1988). Knowledge of the life history of Lost River and shortnose suckers is fundamental to recovery of these species. The objective of this report was to present the results of studies conducted from 1987-1998 on the reproductive biology and demographics of Lost River and shortnose suckers, and to compare these results with earlier unpublished data. Study Sites Studies were conducted on Upper Klamath Lake and the lower Williamson-Sprague river system (Figure 1). These waters form the upper portion of the Klamath River Basin in south-central Oregon and represent most remaining native habitat of Lost River and shortnose suckers. Upper Klamath Lake is a remnant of pluvial Lake Modoc that included eight major basins and encompassed 2,839 km2 (Dicken 1980). Today, Upper Klamath Lake serves as a storage reservoir that provides water for agricultural irrigation, waterfowl refuges, instream flow requirements of anadromous fish, and hydroelectric power generation. At full capacity, the lake covers approximately 360 km2 and has an average depth of 2.4 m. Most deeper water (3-12 m) is restricted to narrow trenches along the western shore. Lake elevation is controlled at the outlet by Link River Title: Reproductive biology and demographics of endangered Lost River and shortnose suckers in Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon Author: Perkins, David L.; Scoppettone, Gary; Buettner, Mark Year: 2000, 2005 We analyzed the reproductive biology and demographics of the Lost River sucker Deltistes luxatus and shortnose sucker Chasmistes brevirostris, two endangered species endemic to the upper Klamath Basin of Oregon and California, from 1984-1997. Lost River suckers had distinct river and lake shoreline spawning stocks, and individuals of both species commonly spawned in consecutive years. In the Williamson River and lower Sprague River, spawning migration by both species occurred mainly during a 5-week period that started within the first three weeks of April and peaked between mid April and early May, although a separate, earlier (mid March) run of Lost River suckers may also spawn in the upper Sprague River. Migration of both species was several times higher at dawn (0500-0730 h) and evening (1800-2200 h) than other times of the day. Peak migrations almost always corresponded to peaks in water temperature, usually at 10-15°C. Lost River suckers were captured at springs along the east shore of the lake from late February through mid May, with peak spawning usually in mid March to mid April. Shortnose suckers were generally captured at the springs from late March through late May, but the time of peak spawning was not determined. Size and age at maturity was determined by recruitment from a strong year class (1991). Male Lost River suckers began recruitment into the adult population at age 4+ (375-475 mm). Substantial recruitment of females did not begin until age 7+ (510-560 mm). Male and female shortnose suckers began recruitment at age 4+, with the majority offish recruited by age 5+. Males recruited at 270-370 mm; females recruited at 325-425 mm. Fecundity estimates were quite variable ranging from 44,000-236,000 eggs per female Lost River sucker and 18,000-72,000 eggs per female shortnose sucker. In 1984 and 1985, the spawning populations of both species were dominated by large, old individuals, with little indication of recent adult recruitment. In the next 13 years, only one strong year class (1991) recruited into the spawning populations of both species. This year class temporarily boosted population numbers, but annual fish kills from 1995 to 1997 eliminated most adults of both species. Associated with poor water quality caused by the proliferation and decay of blue-green algae Aphanizomenonflos-aquae, these fish kills raise concern that alterations to the lake ecosystem over the past several decades have Perkins et al. Lost River and shortnose suckers 5 increased the magnitude and frequency of poor water quality. As a result, mortality rates of all life stages may have increased, thereby disrupting the species' life history pattern and potentially decreasing long-term population viability. Introduction The Lost River sucker Deltistes luxatus and shortnose sucker Chasmistes brevirostris are large, long-lived suckers endemic to the upper Klamath Basin of Oregon and California. Both species are typically lake dwelling but migrate to tributaries or shoreline springs to spawn (Moyle 1976, Scoppettone and Vinyard 1991). Once extremely abundant (Cope 1884, Gilbert 1898), both species have experienced severe population declines and were federally listed as endangered in 1988 (USFWS 1988). Much of the original habitat of these suckers has been destroyed or altered by conversion of lake areas to agriculture, dams, instream flow diversions, and water quality problems associated with timber harvest, loss of riparian vegetation, livestock grazing, and agricultural practices (USFWS 1988). Knowledge of the life history of Lost River and shortnose suckers is fundamental to recovery of these species. The objective of this report was to present the results of studies conducted from 1987-1998 on the reproductive biology and demographics of Lost River and shortnose suckers, and to compare these results with earlier unpublished data. Study Sites Studies were conducted on Upper Klamath Lake and the lower Williamson-Sprague river system (Figure 1). These waters form the upper portion of the Klamath River Basin in south-central Oregon and represent most remaining native habitat of Lost River and shortnose suckers. Upper Klamath Lake is a remnant of pluvial Lake Modoc that included eight major basins and encompassed 2,839 km2 (Dicken 1980). Today, Upper Klamath Lake serves as a storage reservoir that provides water for agricultural irrigation, waterfowl refuges, instream flow requirements of anadromous fish, and hydroelectric power generation. At full capacity, the lake covers approximately 360 km2 and has an average depth of 2.4 m. Most deeper water (3-12 m) is restricted to narrow trenches along the western shore. Lake elevation is controlled at the outlet by Link River Close

• 3097. [Image] Klamath River fish die-off, September 2002 : causative factors of mortality

  	Executive Summary This report provides information describing the biological, hydrological, meteorological, and water quality conditions associated with the die-off of an estimated 34,056 fish in the Klamath ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Klamath River fish die-off, September 2002 : causative factors of mortality Author: Guillen, George Year: 2003, 2005, 2004 Executive Summary This report provides information describing the biological, hydrological, meteorological, and water quality conditions associated with the die-off of an estimated 34,056 fish in the Klamath River, California in September 2002. The proximate cause of death was heavy infections of two fish pathogens, Ich and columnaris. However, given that these ubiquitous pathogens are normally found in the Klamath River, additional factors must have played a role for them to have become lethal. It is our conclusion based on multiple lines of evidence that the fish die-off in the lower Klamath River in 2002 was a result of a combination of factors that began with an early peak in the return of a large run of fall Chinook salmon. Low river discharges apparently did not provide suitable attraction flows for migrating adult salmon, resulting in large numbers of fish congregating in the warm waters of the lower River. The high density offish, low discharges, warm water temperatures, and possible extended residence time of salmon created optimal conditions for parasite proliferation and precipitated an epizootic of Ich and columnaris. Based on a review of available literature and historical records, this was the largest known pre-spawning adult salmonid die-off recorded for the Klamath River and possibly the Pacific coast. Title: Klamath River fish die-off, September 2002 : causative factors of mortality Author: Guillen, George Year: 2003, 2005, 2004 Executive Summary This report provides information describing the biological, hydrological, meteorological, and water quality conditions associated with the die-off of an estimated 34,056 fish in the Klamath River, California in September 2002. The proximate cause of death was heavy infections of two fish pathogens, Ich and columnaris. However, given that these ubiquitous pathogens are normally found in the Klamath River, additional factors must have played a role for them to have become lethal. It is our conclusion based on multiple lines of evidence that the fish die-off in the lower Klamath River in 2002 was a result of a combination of factors that began with an early peak in the return of a large run of fall Chinook salmon. Low river discharges apparently did not provide suitable attraction flows for migrating adult salmon, resulting in large numbers of fish congregating in the warm waters of the lower River. The high density offish, low discharges, warm water temperatures, and possible extended residence time of salmon created optimal conditions for parasite proliferation and precipitated an epizootic of Ich and columnaris. Based on a review of available literature and historical records, this was the largest known pre-spawning adult salmonid die-off recorded for the Klamath River and possibly the Pacific coast. Close

• 3098. [Image] Forest conditions in the Cascade Range Forest Reserve, Oregon

  	Subject series H. Forestry 6
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Forest conditions in the Cascade Range Forest Reserve, Oregon Author: Geological Survey (U.S.) Year: 1903, 2007 Subject series H. Forestry 6 Title: Forest conditions in the Cascade Range Forest Reserve, Oregon Author: Geological Survey (U.S.) Year: 1903, 2007 Subject series H. Forestry 6 Close

• 3099. [Image] The estimation of regional secondary benefits resulting from an improvement in water quality of Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon: an interindustry approach

  	AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF STEPHEN DOUGLAS REILING for the MASTER OF SCIENCE (Name) (Degree) in AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS presented on (Major) (Date) Title: THE ESTIMATION OF REGIONAL ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The estimation of regional secondary benefits resulting from an improvement in water quality of Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon: an interindustry approach Author: Reiling, Stephen Douglas Year: 1971, 2006, 2005 AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF STEPHEN DOUGLAS REILING for the MASTER OF SCIENCE (Name) (Degree) in AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS presented on (Major) (Date) Title: THE ESTIMATION OF REGIONAL SECONDARY BENEFITS RESULTING FROM AN IMPROVEMENT IN WATER QUALITY OF UPPER KLAMATH LAKE, OREGON; AN INTERINDUSTRY APPROACH Abstract approved^ Herbert H. Stoevener The primary objective of this study was to estimate the impact that an increase in recreational expenditures, resulting from water quality improvements of Klamath Lake, would have upon the Klamath County economy. As the sales of the economy expand to serve the needs of the recreationists, real benefits will be forthcoming to the businesses and households of the county in the forms of more business and higher incomes., To estimate the total impact of the increased volume of recreational expenditures that may be made in the economy, the economic relationships of the local economy h Title: The estimation of regional secondary benefits resulting from an improvement in water quality of Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon: an interindustry approach Author: Reiling, Stephen Douglas Year: 1971, 2006, 2005 AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF STEPHEN DOUGLAS REILING for the MASTER OF SCIENCE (Name) (Degree) in AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS presented on (Major) (Date) Title: THE ESTIMATION OF REGIONAL SECONDARY BENEFITS RESULTING FROM AN IMPROVEMENT IN WATER QUALITY OF UPPER KLAMATH LAKE, OREGON; AN INTERINDUSTRY APPROACH Abstract approved^ Herbert H. Stoevener The primary objective of this study was to estimate the impact that an increase in recreational expenditures, resulting from water quality improvements of Klamath Lake, would have upon the Klamath County economy. As the sales of the economy expand to serve the needs of the recreationists, real benefits will be forthcoming to the businesses and households of the county in the forms of more business and higher incomes., To estimate the total impact of the increased volume of recreational expenditures that may be made in the economy, the economic relationships of the local economy h Close

• 3100. [Image] Disposition of Klamath and Modoc judgement funds : hearings before the Subcommittee on Indian Affairs of the Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs, House of Representatives, Eighty-ninth Congress, first session on H.R. 907, H.R. 4964, and S. 664.

  	"To provide for the disposition of judgment funds of the Klamath and Modoc tribes and Yahooskin band of Snake Indians, and for other purposes. -- Hearings held in Washington, D.C. April 9; May 13 and 14; ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Disposition of Klamath and Modoc judgement funds : hearings before the Subcommittee on Indian Affairs of the Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs, House of Representatives, Eighty-ninth Congress, first session on H.R. 907, H.R. 4964, and S. 664. Author: United States. Congress. House. Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs. Subcommittee on Indian Affairs. Year: 1965, 2004 "To provide for the disposition of judgment funds of the Klamath and Modoc tribes and Yahooskin band of Snake Indians, and for other purposes. -- Hearings held in Washington, D.C. April 9; May 13 and 14; June 17 and 18; and August 13 and 18, 1965." Title: Disposition of Klamath and Modoc judgement funds : hearings before the Subcommittee on Indian Affairs of the Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs, House of Representatives, Eighty-ninth Congress, first session on H.R. 907, H.R. 4964, and S. 664. Author: United States. Congress. House. Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs. Subcommittee on Indian Affairs. Year: 1965, 2004 "To provide for the disposition of judgment funds of the Klamath and Modoc tribes and Yahooskin band of Snake Indians, and for other purposes. -- Hearings held in Washington, D.C. April 9; May 13 and 14; June 17 and 18; and August 13 and 18, 1965." Close