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• 21. [Article] [Trends in cohort graduation rates]

  Four-year cohort graduation rate trends -- Five-year cohort graduation rate trends -- Four-year cohort completion rate trends -- Five-year cohort completion rate trends.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: [Trends in cohort graduation rates] Year: 2010 Four-year cohort graduation rate trends -- Five-year cohort graduation rate trends -- Four-year cohort completion rate trends -- Five-year cohort completion rate trends. Title: [Trends in cohort graduation rates] Year: 2010 Four-year cohort graduation rate trends -- Five-year cohort graduation rate trends -- Four-year cohort completion rate trends -- Five-year cohort completion rate trends. Close

• 22. [Article] The paradox of cooling streams in a warming world:Regional climate trends do not parallel variable local trends in stream temperature in the Pacific continental United States

  To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the American ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The paradox of cooling streams in a warming world:Regional climate trends do not parallel variable local trends in stream temperature in the Pacific continental United States Author: Haggerty, Roy, Arismendi, Ivan, Hockman-Wert, David, Johnson, Sherri L., Dunham, Jason B. To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the American Geophysical Union and can be found at: http://www.agu.org/journals/gl/. Title: The paradox of cooling streams in a warming world:Regional climate trends do not parallel variable local trends in stream temperature in the Pacific continental United States Author: Haggerty, Roy, Arismendi, Ivan, Hockman-Wert, David, Johnson, Sherri L., Dunham, Jason B. To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the American Geophysical Union and can be found at: http://www.agu.org/journals/gl/. Close

• 23. [Article] Changes in the scholastic background and academic ability of summer school students in the Santa Monica, California, junior high schools is from 1956 to 1962

  The purpose of this study was to investigate whether or not change has occurred in the scholastic background and academic ability of students attending the junior high school summer sessions of the Santa ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Changes in the scholastic background and academic ability of summer school students in the Santa Monica, California, junior high schools is from 1956 to 1962 Author: Verge, Arthur Charles The purpose of this study was to investigate whether or not change has occurred in the scholastic background and academic ability of students attending the junior high school summer sessions of the Santa Monica Unified School District, California, between the years 1956 and 1962. Applying a Fisher and Yates Table of Randomized Numbers to the total summer school population in each of the years between and including 1956 and 1962, a random selection of 250 students from each year was made. The 1750 students' I.Q. scores, their Iowa Percentile scores, and their Grade Point Averages in the basic yearly subject grades comprised the three variables upon which the statistical analysis was based. Preliminary computations revealed that the means of the three variables generally (15 times out of 18) increased over those of the previous year during 1956 through 1962, and the standard deviation of the various distributions generally remained similar. To determine whether there was a significant linear trend during the years under study and, if so, whether any deviations from that trend were significant, a test of linear regression was applied to the following null hypotheses: scores. (1) There is no linear trend exhibited by the mean I.Q. (2) The relationship of the mean I.Q. scores is not nonlinear. (3) There is no linear trend exhibited by the mean of the Iowa Percentile scores. (4) The relationship of the mean Iowa Percentile scores is not nonlinear. (5) There is no linear trend exhibited by the mean G.P.A. (6) The relationship of the mean G.P.A. is not nonlinear. Since the F-ratio for the linear trend of the mean scores of the I.Q. (8.99), the Iowa Percentile (5.07), and the G.P.A. (6.95) were all above the .05 level of probability (3.84), Null Hypotheses (1), (3), and (5) were rejected. With respect to significant deviations from this linear trend, the F-ratio indicated that the mean scores for the I.Q. (.13), the Iowa Percentile (.13), and the G.P.A. (.48) were all below the .05 level of probability (2.21). Therefore, Null Hypotheses (2), (4), and (6) were accepted. Among the more important findings from this study are: 1. Both demand for and availability of "enrichment" and "advanced" courses, as compared to "remedial" courses, increased during the seven-year period. 2. There was a statistically significant upward linear trend, without significant deviations, in the mean scores of the I.Q., the Iowa Percentile, and the G.P.A. during the years 1956 through 1962. Thus, since the mean scores for each of the three variables were on a linear trend with a nonzero slope over the designated years; and since there were no significant deviations from the linear trend; and further, since inspection of tabulated data revealed a steady, if unspectacular, upward trend in all variables over the seven-year period under study, it seems reasonable to conclude that the summer session student in 1962 exhibited a scholastic background and an academic ability superior to those of his counterpart in 1956. Certain implications grow from these findings: 1. To meet the changing needs of learners, the summer school should periodically re-evaluate its curriculum. 2. In view of the dynamic growth of summer school and the complexity of its course offerings, more guidance is needed in assisting students to plan for summer school. 3. Since recent summer school enrollments have increased by such large numbers, an adequate plan for financing the summer school program is urgently needed. Title: Changes in the scholastic background and academic ability of summer school students in the Santa Monica, California, junior high schools is from 1956 to 1962 Author: Verge, Arthur Charles The purpose of this study was to investigate whether or not change has occurred in the scholastic background and academic ability of students attending the junior high school summer sessions of the Santa Monica Unified School District, California, between the years 1956 and 1962. Applying a Fisher and Yates Table of Randomized Numbers to the total summer school population in each of the years between and including 1956 and 1962, a random selection of 250 students from each year was made. The 1750 students' I.Q. scores, their Iowa Percentile scores, and their Grade Point Averages in the basic yearly subject grades comprised the three variables upon which the statistical analysis was based. Preliminary computations revealed that the means of the three variables generally (15 times out of 18) increased over those of the previous year during 1956 through 1962, and the standard deviation of the various distributions generally remained similar. To determine whether there was a significant linear trend during the years under study and, if so, whether any deviations from that trend were significant, a test of linear regression was applied to the following null hypotheses: scores. (1) There is no linear trend exhibited by the mean I.Q. (2) The relationship of the mean I.Q. scores is not nonlinear. (3) There is no linear trend exhibited by the mean of the Iowa Percentile scores. (4) The relationship of the mean Iowa Percentile scores is not nonlinear. (5) There is no linear trend exhibited by the mean G.P.A. (6) The relationship of the mean G.P.A. is not nonlinear. Since the F-ratio for the linear trend of the mean scores of the I.Q. (8.99), the Iowa Percentile (5.07), and the G.P.A. (6.95) were all above the .05 level of probability (3.84), Null Hypotheses (1), (3), and (5) were rejected. With respect to significant deviations from this linear trend, the F-ratio indicated that the mean scores for the I.Q. (.13), the Iowa Percentile (.13), and the G.P.A. (.48) were all below the .05 level of probability (2.21). Therefore, Null Hypotheses (2), (4), and (6) were accepted. Among the more important findings from this study are: 1. Both demand for and availability of "enrichment" and "advanced" courses, as compared to "remedial" courses, increased during the seven-year period. 2. There was a statistically significant upward linear trend, without significant deviations, in the mean scores of the I.Q., the Iowa Percentile, and the G.P.A. during the years 1956 through 1962. Thus, since the mean scores for each of the three variables were on a linear trend with a nonzero slope over the designated years; and since there were no significant deviations from the linear trend; and further, since inspection of tabulated data revealed a steady, if unspectacular, upward trend in all variables over the seven-year period under study, it seems reasonable to conclude that the summer session student in 1962 exhibited a scholastic background and an academic ability superior to those of his counterpart in 1956. Certain implications grow from these findings: 1. To meet the changing needs of learners, the summer school should periodically re-evaluate its curriculum. 2. In view of the dynamic growth of summer school and the complexity of its course offerings, more guidance is needed in assisting students to plan for summer school. 3. Since recent summer school enrollments have increased by such large numbers, an adequate plan for financing the summer school program is urgently needed. Close

• 24. [Article] Trends in stream nitrogen concentrations for forested reference catchments across the USA

  This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by IOP Publishing and can be found at: http://iopscience.iop.org/1748-9326. To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Trends in stream nitrogen concentrations for forested reference catchments across the USA Author: Rhoades, C. C., Sebestyen, S. D., Ice, G. G., Campbell, J. L., McDowell, W. H., Adams, M. B., Argerich, A., Scatena, F. N., Likens, G. E., Johnson, S. L., Greathouse, E., Knoepp, J. D. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by IOP Publishing and can be found at: http://iopscience.iop.org/1748-9326. To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. Title: Trends in stream nitrogen concentrations for forested reference catchments across the USA Author: Rhoades, C. C., Sebestyen, S. D., Ice, G. G., Campbell, J. L., McDowell, W. H., Adams, M. B., Argerich, A., Scatena, F. N., Likens, G. E., Johnson, S. L., Greathouse, E., Knoepp, J. D. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by IOP Publishing and can be found at: http://iopscience.iop.org/1748-9326. To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. Close

• 25. [Article] Trends in stream nitrogen concentrations for forested reference catchments across the USA

  To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Institute ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Trends in stream nitrogen concentrations for forested reference catchments across the USA Author: Rhoades, C. C., Sebestyen, S. D., Ice, G. G., Campbell, J. L., McDowell, W. H., Adams, M. B., Argerich, A., Scatena, F. N., Knoepp, J. D., Johnson, S. L., Likens, G. E., Greathouse, E. To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Institute of Physics and can be found at: http://www.iop.org/about/governance/iopp/page_38752.html. Title: Trends in stream nitrogen concentrations for forested reference catchments across the USA Author: Rhoades, C. C., Sebestyen, S. D., Ice, G. G., Campbell, J. L., McDowell, W. H., Adams, M. B., Argerich, A., Scatena, F. N., Knoepp, J. D., Johnson, S. L., Likens, G. E., Greathouse, E. To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Institute of Physics and can be found at: http://www.iop.org/about/governance/iopp/page_38752.html. Close

• 26. [Article] Long-Term Citizen-Collected Data Reveal Geographical Patterns and Temporal Trends in Lake Water Clarity

  To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The article was published by the Public Library ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Long-Term Citizen-Collected Data Reveal Geographical Patterns and Temporal Trends in Lake Water Clarity Author: Henry, Emily Norton, et al., Wagner, Tyler, Lottig, Noah R. To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The article was published by the Public Library of Science and is in the public domain. The published article can be found at: http://www.plosone.org/. Title: Long-Term Citizen-Collected Data Reveal Geographical Patterns and Temporal Trends in Lake Water Clarity Author: Henry, Emily Norton, et al., Wagner, Tyler, Lottig, Noah R. To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The article was published by the Public Library of Science and is in the public domain. The published article can be found at: http://www.plosone.org/. Close

• 27. [Article] Labor trends

  Consists of reports from each of the Division's local offices.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Labor trends Year: 1981 Consists of reports from each of the Division's local offices. Title: Labor trends Year: 1981 Consists of reports from each of the Division's local offices. Close

• 28. [Article] The development of masculine sex role stereotypes : sex differences in verbal interruptive behavior between first grade students and male and female teachers

  Male dominance in conversation is encouraged by the adult socialization pattern in which men routinely interrupt the conversation of women and develop a topic out of turn. The purpose of this study was ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The development of masculine sex role stereotypes : sex differences in verbal interruptive behavior between first grade students and male and female teachers Author: Edberg, Patricia Tanner Male dominance in conversation is encouraged by the adult socialization pattern in which men routinely interrupt the conversation of women and develop a topic out of turn. The purpose of this study was to investigate verbal interruptive behavior by utilizing an experimental approach focusing on children's interruptions and teacher responses to this behavior. Another purpose is to determine if, by the end of the first grade, male students interrupted their teachers more than female students. Two first grade teachers, one male and one female, were used. Each had two years of teaching experience. Classes consisted of 20 boys and 19 girls, all from predominantly White, middle-class backgrounds. There were 15 observation sessions of 25 minutes in each classroom. A frequency count of verbal interactions, interruptions and types of responses was made. These data were put into a contingency table from which the chi-square statistic was calculated as a test for significance. The Yates correction for continuity was used for types of responses. Interaction graphs were constructed to indicate possible trends. Significance was established at the .01 level of significance. The hypotheses tested in the study were: (1) there is no significant difference between male and female teachers in the number of verbal interactions with students, regardless of the sex of the student; (2) there is no significant difference between male and female teachers in the number of verbal interactions with students, regardless of the sex of the teacher; (3) there is no significant difference between male and female teachers in the number of interruptions of the teacher by the students, regardless of the sex of the student; (4) there is no significant difference between male and female teachers in the number of interruptions of the teacher by the student, regardless of the sex of the teacher; (5) there is no significant difference in the types of teachers' responses to interruptions by students, regardless of the sex of the student; and (6) there is no significant difference in the types of teachers' responses to interruptions by students, regardless of the sex of the teacher. Analysis of the data resulted in the retention of all six hypotheses, Trends allowed for extrapolation beyond the observed frequencies in order to support speculation about what could occur with a larger N. A trend emerged which suggested that the female teacher had fewer verbal interactions with the girls in her class than with the boys. There was no trend for differences in number of interruptions. A differential pattern of types of responses to interruptions occurred. One trend suggested female teachers gave more positive responses to boy than to girl students, and another trend suggested that boys received more negative responses from the female teacher than received by the girls. There was also a trend suggesting that the boys received more neutral responses than the girls from the male teacher. There was a trend suggesting that the female teacher used positive responses to boys more often than the male teacher, and a trend suggesting that the boys received more negative responses from the female teacher than the male teacher. There was also a trend suggesting that the female teacher used neutral responses to the girls more often than the male teacher. Title: The development of masculine sex role stereotypes : sex differences in verbal interruptive behavior between first grade students and male and female teachers Author: Edberg, Patricia Tanner Male dominance in conversation is encouraged by the adult socialization pattern in which men routinely interrupt the conversation of women and develop a topic out of turn. The purpose of this study was to investigate verbal interruptive behavior by utilizing an experimental approach focusing on children's interruptions and teacher responses to this behavior. Another purpose is to determine if, by the end of the first grade, male students interrupted their teachers more than female students. Two first grade teachers, one male and one female, were used. Each had two years of teaching experience. Classes consisted of 20 boys and 19 girls, all from predominantly White, middle-class backgrounds. There were 15 observation sessions of 25 minutes in each classroom. A frequency count of verbal interactions, interruptions and types of responses was made. These data were put into a contingency table from which the chi-square statistic was calculated as a test for significance. The Yates correction for continuity was used for types of responses. Interaction graphs were constructed to indicate possible trends. Significance was established at the .01 level of significance. The hypotheses tested in the study were: (1) there is no significant difference between male and female teachers in the number of verbal interactions with students, regardless of the sex of the student; (2) there is no significant difference between male and female teachers in the number of verbal interactions with students, regardless of the sex of the teacher; (3) there is no significant difference between male and female teachers in the number of interruptions of the teacher by the students, regardless of the sex of the student; (4) there is no significant difference between male and female teachers in the number of interruptions of the teacher by the student, regardless of the sex of the teacher; (5) there is no significant difference in the types of teachers' responses to interruptions by students, regardless of the sex of the student; and (6) there is no significant difference in the types of teachers' responses to interruptions by students, regardless of the sex of the teacher. Analysis of the data resulted in the retention of all six hypotheses, Trends allowed for extrapolation beyond the observed frequencies in order to support speculation about what could occur with a larger N. A trend emerged which suggested that the female teacher had fewer verbal interactions with the girls in her class than with the boys. There was no trend for differences in number of interruptions. A differential pattern of types of responses to interruptions occurred. One trend suggested female teachers gave more positive responses to boy than to girl students, and another trend suggested that boys received more negative responses from the female teacher than received by the girls. There was also a trend suggesting that the boys received more neutral responses than the girls from the male teacher. There was a trend suggesting that the female teacher used positive responses to boys more often than the male teacher, and a trend suggesting that the boys received more negative responses from the female teacher than the male teacher. There was also a trend suggesting that the female teacher used neutral responses to the girls more often than the male teacher. Close

• 29. [Article] Trends in streamflow above and below dams across the Columbia River basin from 1950 to 2012 : assessing sub-basin sensitivity

  Climate change, combined with population growth, is expected to exacerbate water scarcity globally. In the Columbia River basin (CRB), streamflow is managed for multiple objectives with a network of dams ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Trends in streamflow above and below dams across the Columbia River basin from 1950 to 2012 : assessing sub-basin sensitivity Author: Hammond, John C. (John Christophe) Climate change, combined with population growth, is expected to exacerbate water scarcity globally. In the Columbia River basin (CRB), streamflow is managed for multiple objectives with a network of dams and reservoirs distributed throughout the basin that may mitigate climate change effects on water scarcity. This study quantified trends in daily streamflow from 1950-2012 in 28 pairs of gages above and below dams in the CRB, including the U.S. and Canada. Each gage pair consisted of an above-dam gage that is primarily forested and has little apparent human disturbance and minimal flow regulation or diversions, combined with a below-dam gage immediately downstream of a major dam and reservoir. Monthly streamflow and precipitation for a total of 59 sites was correlated with monthly indices of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), the Northern Pacific Index (NPI), the Pacific North America pattern (PNA), and the 700-millibar wind speeds (u700) using Pearson's r. Long-term trends and patterns in daily streamflow and climate data were estimated using linear regression, the Mann-Kendall test, and wavelet analysis. Streamflow was generally weakly correlated with NPI, PNA, and PDO, while positively correlated with upper elevation wind speed at low elevations during wet months. Fewer than half of above-dam gages in the CRB have experienced increasing trends in daily streamflow from mid-March to the beginning of May over the period 1950 to 2012, whereas a majority has experienced decreasing trends from the middle of May to the middle of October. These trends in above-dam basins are consistent with trends expected from climate change, but they also may be affected by legacies of past forest harvest or wildfire. Below dams, reservoir management appears to have overwritten the signal of earlier snowmelt, except in the Boise sub-basin, but long-term declines in late summer flows were evident at half of below-dam sites. Declining summer flows below dams were attributable to a variety of factors, including changes in reservoir management as well as reservoir management that propagates signals from above dam catchments, such as climate change or forest-harvest legacy effects on streamflow. There have been very few significant changes in annual flow volume throughout the basin, and these streamflow trends represent a small percentage of annual flow volume; thus, observed trends appear to be shifts in timing rather than shifts in the annual water balance. The magnitude of 60-yr declines in late summer flow in above-dam catchments represents only a few percent of annual yield, and much less than the storage capacity of the dams, but these long-term changes may be quite important for water yield during the late summer low-flow period. These findings are relevant for strategies to adaptively manage water resources in light of the ongoing planning for renegotiation of the U.S.-Canada Columbia River Treaty. Title: Trends in streamflow above and below dams across the Columbia River basin from 1950 to 2012 : assessing sub-basin sensitivity Author: Hammond, John C. (John Christophe) Climate change, combined with population growth, is expected to exacerbate water scarcity globally. In the Columbia River basin (CRB), streamflow is managed for multiple objectives with a network of dams and reservoirs distributed throughout the basin that may mitigate climate change effects on water scarcity. This study quantified trends in daily streamflow from 1950-2012 in 28 pairs of gages above and below dams in the CRB, including the U.S. and Canada. Each gage pair consisted of an above-dam gage that is primarily forested and has little apparent human disturbance and minimal flow regulation or diversions, combined with a below-dam gage immediately downstream of a major dam and reservoir. Monthly streamflow and precipitation for a total of 59 sites was correlated with monthly indices of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), the Northern Pacific Index (NPI), the Pacific North America pattern (PNA), and the 700-millibar wind speeds (u700) using Pearson's r. Long-term trends and patterns in daily streamflow and climate data were estimated using linear regression, the Mann-Kendall test, and wavelet analysis. Streamflow was generally weakly correlated with NPI, PNA, and PDO, while positively correlated with upper elevation wind speed at low elevations during wet months. Fewer than half of above-dam gages in the CRB have experienced increasing trends in daily streamflow from mid-March to the beginning of May over the period 1950 to 2012, whereas a majority has experienced decreasing trends from the middle of May to the middle of October. These trends in above-dam basins are consistent with trends expected from climate change, but they also may be affected by legacies of past forest harvest or wildfire. Below dams, reservoir management appears to have overwritten the signal of earlier snowmelt, except in the Boise sub-basin, but long-term declines in late summer flows were evident at half of below-dam sites. Declining summer flows below dams were attributable to a variety of factors, including changes in reservoir management as well as reservoir management that propagates signals from above dam catchments, such as climate change or forest-harvest legacy effects on streamflow. There have been very few significant changes in annual flow volume throughout the basin, and these streamflow trends represent a small percentage of annual flow volume; thus, observed trends appear to be shifts in timing rather than shifts in the annual water balance. The magnitude of 60-yr declines in late summer flow in above-dam catchments represents only a few percent of annual yield, and much less than the storage capacity of the dams, but these long-term changes may be quite important for water yield during the late summer low-flow period. These findings are relevant for strategies to adaptively manage water resources in light of the ongoing planning for renegotiation of the U.S.-Canada Columbia River Treaty. Close

• 30. [Article] An Analysis of Secular Change in Tides at Open-Ocean Sites in the Pacific

  Hourly sea level is examined at 25 open-ocean stations in the Pacific Ocean with records longer than 30 yr. A search for trends finds that the amplitude of the dominant semidiurnal tide M2 is increasing ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: An Analysis of Secular Change in Tides at Open-Ocean Sites in the Pacific Author: Zaron, Edward D., Jay, David A. Year: 2014 Hourly sea level is examined at 25 open-ocean stations in the Pacific Ocean with records longer than 30 yr. A search for trends finds that the amplitude of the dominant semidiurnal tide M2 is increasing at 12 of the 13 sites where a statistically significant trend can be identified. It is also found that nontidal variance in the neighborhood of M2 is decreasing at all 12 of the sites where a significant increase in M2 tide is occurring. The trend in amplitude of the dominant diurnal tide K1 is significant at six stations, and it is both increasing (four stations) and decreasing (two stations). The trend in semidiurnal-band variance suggests the hypothesis that increases in M2 could be caused by improvements in time keeping or data processing that would reduce the apparent phase variability of the tide. This possibility is examined and found to be the likely explanation for tidal trends at four stations. Local changes are found to explain the trend at two stations, Johnston Island and Mokuoloe, as diagnosed from correlated changes in nonlinear overtides and site history. Changes in M2 at the equatorial station of Kanton are significant and unexplained by either timing errors or local morphodynamics; although, strong nonlinear overtides are present. Changing tides at five stations in the western Pacific, Malakal, Yap, Saipan, Kapingamarangi, and Pohnpei cannot be explained by the above and suggest a region where a connection between climate and tides may yet be identified. Title: An Analysis of Secular Change in Tides at Open-Ocean Sites in the Pacific Author: Zaron, Edward D., Jay, David A. Year: 2014 Hourly sea level is examined at 25 open-ocean stations in the Pacific Ocean with records longer than 30 yr. A search for trends finds that the amplitude of the dominant semidiurnal tide M2 is increasing at 12 of the 13 sites where a statistically significant trend can be identified. It is also found that nontidal variance in the neighborhood of M2 is decreasing at all 12 of the sites where a significant increase in M2 tide is occurring. The trend in amplitude of the dominant diurnal tide K1 is significant at six stations, and it is both increasing (four stations) and decreasing (two stations). The trend in semidiurnal-band variance suggests the hypothesis that increases in M2 could be caused by improvements in time keeping or data processing that would reduce the apparent phase variability of the tide. This possibility is examined and found to be the likely explanation for tidal trends at four stations. Local changes are found to explain the trend at two stations, Johnston Island and Mokuoloe, as diagnosed from correlated changes in nonlinear overtides and site history. Changes in M2 at the equatorial station of Kanton are significant and unexplained by either timing errors or local morphodynamics; although, strong nonlinear overtides are present. Changing tides at five stations in the western Pacific, Malakal, Yap, Saipan, Kapingamarangi, and Pohnpei cannot be explained by the above and suggest a region where a connection between climate and tides may yet be identified. Close