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• 21. [Article] Goals of international exchange : an exploratory study of why American host families participate in international exchange programs

  This thesis presents the findings of a descriptive study of goals of international exchange and how they are perceived in terms of relevance by host family participants in homestay exchange programs. The ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Goals of international exchange : an exploratory study of why American host families participate in international exchange programs Author: Fisher-Moore, Deborah Lee Year: 1989 This thesis presents the findings of a descriptive study of goals of international exchange and how they are perceived in terms of relevance by host family participants in homestay exchange programs. The literature of international exchange was examined to identify goals as established and defined by researchers in the field. Experienced exchange coordinators, host families and others were interviewed for their suggestions of additional goals not discussed in the literature. A survey questionnaire was developed and administered to 69 host family members from Tillamook County, Oregon. They were asked to evaluate the importance and achievement of 14 literature-based and 22 non-literature-based goals represented by 43 two-part questions. Title: Goals of international exchange : an exploratory study of why American host families participate in international exchange programs Author: Fisher-Moore, Deborah Lee Year: 1989 This thesis presents the findings of a descriptive study of goals of international exchange and how they are perceived in terms of relevance by host family participants in homestay exchange programs. The literature of international exchange was examined to identify goals as established and defined by researchers in the field. Experienced exchange coordinators, host families and others were interviewed for their suggestions of additional goals not discussed in the literature. A survey questionnaire was developed and administered to 69 host family members from Tillamook County, Oregon. They were asked to evaluate the importance and achievement of 14 literature-based and 22 non-literature-based goals represented by 43 two-part questions. Close

• 22. [Article] Ecological landscapes : Connecting neighborhood to city and city to region

  While many factors are unique to communities on both sides of the Columbia River, our local and regional landscapes unite us and provide a shared sense of place. Bald eagles from the headwaters of the ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Ecological landscapes : Connecting neighborhood to city and city to region Author: Houck, Michael C., Labbe, Jim M. Year: 2007 While many factors are unique to communities on both sides of the Columbia River, our local and regional landscapes unite us and provide a shared sense of place. Bald eagles from the headwaters of the Tualatin basin are just as likely to forage in the Vancouver Lake lowlands as on Sauvie Island. Proximity to the Columbia Gorge, coast, high desert, and the Cascades adds to the region’s mystique and quality of life. But it’s the more proximate landscapes, those within our immediate radius of reach, that we treasure most. What matters most to the region’s residents are their streetscapes, neighborhood parks, and regionally significant landscapes, from Clark County’s Lewis River to the agricultural fields, wetlands, and floodplains along the Tualatin and Pudding rivers, and from the Tillamook Forest to the Columbia, Sandy and Clackamas gorges. This paper summarizes past and current efforts to delineate the landscapes that define our region’s sense of place, contribute to the region’s biodiversity and ecological health, provide recreational opportunities, and ensure access to nature nearby—the landscapes Portland State University’s Joe Poracsky refers to as the region’s “emerald compass” (Poracsky, 2000, 13-16). We also describe some of the region’s efforts to integrate its green infrastructure with the built environment across multiple landscape scales to attain a more sustainable metropolitan region. Title: Ecological landscapes : Connecting neighborhood to city and city to region Author: Houck, Michael C., Labbe, Jim M. Year: 2007 While many factors are unique to communities on both sides of the Columbia River, our local and regional landscapes unite us and provide a shared sense of place. Bald eagles from the headwaters of the Tualatin basin are just as likely to forage in the Vancouver Lake lowlands as on Sauvie Island. Proximity to the Columbia Gorge, coast, high desert, and the Cascades adds to the region’s mystique and quality of life. But it’s the more proximate landscapes, those within our immediate radius of reach, that we treasure most. What matters most to the region’s residents are their streetscapes, neighborhood parks, and regionally significant landscapes, from Clark County’s Lewis River to the agricultural fields, wetlands, and floodplains along the Tualatin and Pudding rivers, and from the Tillamook Forest to the Columbia, Sandy and Clackamas gorges. This paper summarizes past and current efforts to delineate the landscapes that define our region’s sense of place, contribute to the region’s biodiversity and ecological health, provide recreational opportunities, and ensure access to nature nearby—the landscapes Portland State University’s Joe Poracsky refers to as the region’s “emerald compass” (Poracsky, 2000, 13-16). We also describe some of the region’s efforts to integrate its green infrastructure with the built environment across multiple landscape scales to attain a more sustainable metropolitan region. Close

• 23. [Article] Tillamook Indian basketry : continuity and change as seen in the Adams Collection

  In the Adams Collection at the Tillamook County Pioneer Museum, Tillamook, Oregon, there are 29 baskets that were probably made between 1880 and 1940. They are mostly of raffia, are somewhat faded from ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Tillamook Indian basketry : continuity and change as seen in the Adams Collection Author: Crawford, Ailsa Elizabeth Year: 1983 In the Adams Collection at the Tillamook County Pioneer Museum, Tillamook, Oregon, there are 29 baskets that were probably made between 1880 and 1940. They are mostly of raffia, are somewhat faded from their original, bright, commercial colors, and are generally quite small. Despite the fact that these baskets are well-documented and were made by Tillamook women, they are the sort that have been overlooked by anthropologists and by collectors because of their non-"traditional" appearance. In order to determine what relationship these baskets have to Tillamook basketry made earlier, I analyzed them and 39 Tillamook baskets from four other museum collections for features of structural and.decorative techniques, shape, size, and stitch qualities, and noted the.materials used. Title: Tillamook Indian basketry : continuity and change as seen in the Adams Collection Author: Crawford, Ailsa Elizabeth Year: 1983 In the Adams Collection at the Tillamook County Pioneer Museum, Tillamook, Oregon, there are 29 baskets that were probably made between 1880 and 1940. They are mostly of raffia, are somewhat faded from their original, bright, commercial colors, and are generally quite small. Despite the fact that these baskets are well-documented and were made by Tillamook women, they are the sort that have been overlooked by anthropologists and by collectors because of their non-"traditional" appearance. In order to determine what relationship these baskets have to Tillamook basketry made earlier, I analyzed them and 39 Tillamook baskets from four other museum collections for features of structural and.decorative techniques, shape, size, and stitch qualities, and noted the.materials used. Close

• 24. [Article] Getting through the Winter and Catching Up: Emergency Assistance and Rural Livelihoods in Tillamook County, Oregon

  Large-scale safety-net programs such as Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) and the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) have been shown to alleviate the negative effects of low-wage ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Getting through the Winter and Catching Up: Emergency Assistance and Rural Livelihoods in Tillamook County, Oregon Author: Hickman, Rose Large-scale safety-net programs such as Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) and the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) have been shown to alleviate the negative effects of low-wage jobs and unemployment on poor American households. However, less is known about the role of “emergency” safety net programs, such as rental assistance and energy assistance, in the lives of the poor. This study uses in-depth, semi-structured interviews with eleven rural individuals from Tillamook County, Oregon to 1) examine how people in rural locations learn about and come to access emergency assistance programs and 2) assess the role that such programs may or may not play in their ongoing livelihood strategies. Livelihood strategies are analyzed using the Sustainable Livelihoods Framework, which moves beyond the narrow framing of poverty as income deprivation by considering the diversity of means by which households achieve well-being. Participants most often learned about emergency assistance programs through a coordinated network of social service providers in Tillamook County. Emergency assistance programs were found to play an important role in the livelihood strategies of study participants, who use the program to maintain existing capital stocks and avoid homelessness. Title: Getting through the Winter and Catching Up: Emergency Assistance and Rural Livelihoods in Tillamook County, Oregon Author: Hickman, Rose Large-scale safety-net programs such as Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) and the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) have been shown to alleviate the negative effects of low-wage jobs and unemployment on poor American households. However, less is known about the role of “emergency” safety net programs, such as rental assistance and energy assistance, in the lives of the poor. This study uses in-depth, semi-structured interviews with eleven rural individuals from Tillamook County, Oregon to 1) examine how people in rural locations learn about and come to access emergency assistance programs and 2) assess the role that such programs may or may not play in their ongoing livelihood strategies. Livelihood strategies are analyzed using the Sustainable Livelihoods Framework, which moves beyond the narrow framing of poverty as income deprivation by considering the diversity of means by which households achieve well-being. Participants most often learned about emergency assistance programs through a coordinated network of social service providers in Tillamook County. Emergency assistance programs were found to play an important role in the livelihood strategies of study participants, who use the program to maintain existing capital stocks and avoid homelessness. Close

• 25. [Article] Records of bird skins collected along the Oregon coast

  In spite of imperfections, this monograph is useful in locating bird skins collected along the Oregon Coast that are stored in about 80 museums. This monograph lists over 11,000 records of skins for ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Records of bird skins collected along the Oregon coast Author: Bayer, Range D., 1947- In spite of imperfections, this monograph is useful in locating bird skins collected along the Oregon Coast that are stored in about 80 museums. This monograph lists over 11,000 records of skins for 279 bird species and 192 records of skeletons for 52 bird species. Each record includes the species, subspecies (if given), sex or age class, date of collection, location of collection, collector, and museum number. Most bird skins were collected in Tillamook County, but most bird skeletons were from Lincoln County. 62% of the bird skins were collected in the 1930's and 1940's with five collectors accounting for 74% of the skins. 61% of the bird skeletons were collected in the 1970's and 1980's with the top five collectors collecting 65% of the skeletons. Each record is indexed by species, subspecies, collection site (i.e., county, beached or pelagic specimen, offshore island, lake, and/or shell mound), and collector. Title: Records of bird skins collected along the Oregon coast Author: Bayer, Range D., 1947- In spite of imperfections, this monograph is useful in locating bird skins collected along the Oregon Coast that are stored in about 80 museums. This monograph lists over 11,000 records of skins for 279 bird species and 192 records of skeletons for 52 bird species. Each record includes the species, subspecies (if given), sex or age class, date of collection, location of collection, collector, and museum number. Most bird skins were collected in Tillamook County, but most bird skeletons were from Lincoln County. 62% of the bird skins were collected in the 1930's and 1940's with five collectors accounting for 74% of the skins. 61% of the bird skeletons were collected in the 1970's and 1980's with the top five collectors collecting 65% of the skeletons. Each record is indexed by species, subspecies, collection site (i.e., county, beached or pelagic specimen, offshore island, lake, and/or shell mound), and collector. Close

• 26. [Article] The cormorant/fisherman conflict in Tillamook County, Oregon

  The cormorant/fisherman issue is not limited to Tillamook County in 1988-1989 but is symptomatic of a widespread conflict of some fishermen with fish-eating animals. Predators, specifically cormorants, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The cormorant/fisherman conflict in Tillamook County, Oregon Author: Bayer, Range D., 1947- The cormorant/fisherman issue is not limited to Tillamook County in 1988-1989 but is symptomatic of a widespread conflict of some fishermen with fish-eating animals. Predators, specifically cormorants, have been blamed for the "ruin" of the Tillamook fisheries, but the effects of cormorant predation have been exaggerated. Actually, current salmon and steelhead catches are similar to or greater than many catches prior to 1972, when several "predators" (including Double-crested Cormorants) were not protected by law. Although it is clear that cormorants can eat some smolts in Tillamook Bay, it is unreasonable to assume that they eat as many as has been suggested. For example, when figures that appeared in a Tillamook newspaper are added up, cormorants in Tillamook Bay in 1988 were suggested to eat nearly three times as many smolts as were released there! Because a few Tillamook County fishing guides and fishermen felt that cormorants were destroying their salmon and steelhead fisheries, they pressured the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (ODFW) into giving them permits to harass (but not kill) cormorants in the spring of 1988 on public waters of Nehalem and Tillamook Bays. The permittees were not supervised to be sure that they did not disturb or harm nontarget wildlife (i.e., wildlife other than the targeted cormorants) or did not kill cormorants. After the ODFW announced in late November 1988 that they would not be issuing cormorant harassment permits in 1989, a few Tillamook fishing guides and fishermen worked to pass House Bill 3185 during the 1989 Oregon Legislative session. House Bill 3185 would have allowed cormorant harassment along the entire Oregon Coast any time during the year, but the Bill failed. Then, in July 1989, the Oregon Fish and Wildlife Commission refused to consider granting harassment permits to fishing guides and fishermen. Thus, cormorant harassment in 1989 was not legalized, although some harassment apparently occurred illegally. Cormorant harassment in Tillamook County does not currently meet the requirements to justify an animal damage control program. For example, one criterion of such a program is that there be minimal compensatory predation (i.e., prey saved from the controlled predator is taken by noncontrolled predators). But if cormorants are harassed, there are many other predators that could eat the "saved" smolts, including adult coho and chinook salmon, steelhead, cutthroat trout, and striped bass that may eat millions of salmon and steelhead smolts along the Oregon Coast each year. Current information indicates that documented smolt losses from cormorant predation may not compensate the economic, biological, aesthetic, and social costs of harassment. Biological costs include disturbance to nontarget wildlife such as waterfowl or threatened and endangered birds like the Bald Eagle and Brown Pelican; disturbance would unavoidably accompany cormorant harassment. One social cost of interest is that predator control of cormorants to "save" salmon is arbitrary and capricious, since salmon are themselves a significant predator of young Dungeness crabs and fish important to other Oregon commercial and sports fishermen. Alternatives to cormorant harassment exist and would address all smolt predation, not just that by cormorants. These alternatives include changing hatchery practices, so that smolts survive better after release. These alternatives should be at least considered. Biologists may have somewhat defused the cormorant harassment issue if they were more able to communicate with nonbiologically-trained fishermen, but even so, there are a few fishing guides and fishermen who refuse to believe any information that does not agree with their own opinions. Title: The cormorant/fisherman conflict in Tillamook County, Oregon Author: Bayer, Range D., 1947- The cormorant/fisherman issue is not limited to Tillamook County in 1988-1989 but is symptomatic of a widespread conflict of some fishermen with fish-eating animals. Predators, specifically cormorants, have been blamed for the "ruin" of the Tillamook fisheries, but the effects of cormorant predation have been exaggerated. Actually, current salmon and steelhead catches are similar to or greater than many catches prior to 1972, when several "predators" (including Double-crested Cormorants) were not protected by law. Although it is clear that cormorants can eat some smolts in Tillamook Bay, it is unreasonable to assume that they eat as many as has been suggested. For example, when figures that appeared in a Tillamook newspaper are added up, cormorants in Tillamook Bay in 1988 were suggested to eat nearly three times as many smolts as were released there! Because a few Tillamook County fishing guides and fishermen felt that cormorants were destroying their salmon and steelhead fisheries, they pressured the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (ODFW) into giving them permits to harass (but not kill) cormorants in the spring of 1988 on public waters of Nehalem and Tillamook Bays. The permittees were not supervised to be sure that they did not disturb or harm nontarget wildlife (i.e., wildlife other than the targeted cormorants) or did not kill cormorants. After the ODFW announced in late November 1988 that they would not be issuing cormorant harassment permits in 1989, a few Tillamook fishing guides and fishermen worked to pass House Bill 3185 during the 1989 Oregon Legislative session. House Bill 3185 would have allowed cormorant harassment along the entire Oregon Coast any time during the year, but the Bill failed. Then, in July 1989, the Oregon Fish and Wildlife Commission refused to consider granting harassment permits to fishing guides and fishermen. Thus, cormorant harassment in 1989 was not legalized, although some harassment apparently occurred illegally. Cormorant harassment in Tillamook County does not currently meet the requirements to justify an animal damage control program. For example, one criterion of such a program is that there be minimal compensatory predation (i.e., prey saved from the controlled predator is taken by noncontrolled predators). But if cormorants are harassed, there are many other predators that could eat the "saved" smolts, including adult coho and chinook salmon, steelhead, cutthroat trout, and striped bass that may eat millions of salmon and steelhead smolts along the Oregon Coast each year. Current information indicates that documented smolt losses from cormorant predation may not compensate the economic, biological, aesthetic, and social costs of harassment. Biological costs include disturbance to nontarget wildlife such as waterfowl or threatened and endangered birds like the Bald Eagle and Brown Pelican; disturbance would unavoidably accompany cormorant harassment. One social cost of interest is that predator control of cormorants to "save" salmon is arbitrary and capricious, since salmon are themselves a significant predator of young Dungeness crabs and fish important to other Oregon commercial and sports fishermen. Alternatives to cormorant harassment exist and would address all smolt predation, not just that by cormorants. These alternatives include changing hatchery practices, so that smolts survive better after release. These alternatives should be at least considered. Biologists may have somewhat defused the cormorant harassment issue if they were more able to communicate with nonbiologically-trained fishermen, but even so, there are a few fishing guides and fishermen who refuse to believe any information that does not agree with their own opinions. Close

• 27. [Article] Cormorant harassment to protect juvenile salmonids in Tillamook County, Oregon

  The goal of the Oregon Plan is to restore wild coho and wild steelhead runs. Under the federal Endangered Species Act, wild coho salmon along the Oregon Coast are listed as Threatened and wild Oregon Coast ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Cormorant harassment to protect juvenile salmonids in Tillamook County, Oregon Author: Bayer, Range D., 1947- The goal of the Oregon Plan is to restore wild coho and wild steelhead runs. Under the federal Endangered Species Act, wild coho salmon along the Oregon Coast are listed as Threatened and wild Oregon Coast steelhead are a candidate for listing. Although cormorants have been hazed at the Nehalem Estuary for at least 10 years and at the Tillamook and Nestucca Estuaries for at least three years, spawning ground counts of wild coho salmon, winter steelhead, and fall chinook have averaged less since hazing began. Thus, hazing does not appear to be useful in recovering wild salmonids. Hazing is not correlated with consistently improved hatchery returns. The survival of Coded Wire Tag marked coho smolts at the Nehalem was about the same whether hazing occurred or not, the percent return for coho smolts was not significantly greater at the hazed Nehalem than at the nonhazed Salmon River, and the number of returning adult coho salmon was significantly greater with hazing at the Nehalem hatchery but not at the Trask hatchery in the Tillamook Basin. For winter steelhead, the number of returning adults to the Nehalem and jacks to the Cedar Creek hatchery in the Nestucca Basin did not increase significantly with hazing, but the number of jacks returning to the Nehalem did. Changes in fisheries subsequent to hazing are mixed. Coho catches increased with hazing at the Nehalem but not at the Tillamook Basin. Nehalem steelhead catches averaged less with hazing, but chinook fisheries have grown. However, the increase in chinook catches occurred as the number of wild chinook at spawning areas declined, so the larger catch may be a consequence of a greater harvest of wild chinook rather than hazing. Returns may not have increased with hazing because it was ineffective in substantially reducing predation, because smolts saved by hazing died anyway, or because other factors such as unfavorable ocean conditions may have been much more important in affecting smolt survival than hazing. In any case, hazing does not appear to be a panacea for salmonid recovery, and it has costs. During 1996-1999, the Oregon Legislature spent $100,000 for cormorant hazing, and a biological cost of hazing is the disturbance of wildlife other than cormorants. Title: Cormorant harassment to protect juvenile salmonids in Tillamook County, Oregon Author: Bayer, Range D., 1947- The goal of the Oregon Plan is to restore wild coho and wild steelhead runs. Under the federal Endangered Species Act, wild coho salmon along the Oregon Coast are listed as Threatened and wild Oregon Coast steelhead are a candidate for listing. Although cormorants have been hazed at the Nehalem Estuary for at least 10 years and at the Tillamook and Nestucca Estuaries for at least three years, spawning ground counts of wild coho salmon, winter steelhead, and fall chinook have averaged less since hazing began. Thus, hazing does not appear to be useful in recovering wild salmonids. Hazing is not correlated with consistently improved hatchery returns. The survival of Coded Wire Tag marked coho smolts at the Nehalem was about the same whether hazing occurred or not, the percent return for coho smolts was not significantly greater at the hazed Nehalem than at the nonhazed Salmon River, and the number of returning adult coho salmon was significantly greater with hazing at the Nehalem hatchery but not at the Trask hatchery in the Tillamook Basin. For winter steelhead, the number of returning adults to the Nehalem and jacks to the Cedar Creek hatchery in the Nestucca Basin did not increase significantly with hazing, but the number of jacks returning to the Nehalem did. Changes in fisheries subsequent to hazing are mixed. Coho catches increased with hazing at the Nehalem but not at the Tillamook Basin. Nehalem steelhead catches averaged less with hazing, but chinook fisheries have grown. However, the increase in chinook catches occurred as the number of wild chinook at spawning areas declined, so the larger catch may be a consequence of a greater harvest of wild chinook rather than hazing. Returns may not have increased with hazing because it was ineffective in substantially reducing predation, because smolts saved by hazing died anyway, or because other factors such as unfavorable ocean conditions may have been much more important in affecting smolt survival than hazing. In any case, hazing does not appear to be a panacea for salmonid recovery, and it has costs. During 1996-1999, the Oregon Legislature spent $100,000 for cormorant hazing, and a biological cost of hazing is the disturbance of wildlife other than cormorants. Close

• 28. [Article] Reed Ferris' 1930-1943 bird banding records and bird observations for Tillamook County, Oregon

  This monograph gives a brief biography of Reed W. Ferris and discusses his vocational and avocational work at the Beaver cheese factory in Tillamook County, Oregon. From 1930 to 1943, Ferris banded nearly ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Reed Ferris' 1930-1943 bird banding records and bird observations for Tillamook County, Oregon Author: Bayer, Range D., 1947-, Ferris, Reed William, 1901- This monograph gives a brief biography of Reed W. Ferris and discusses his vocational and avocational work at the Beaver cheese factory in Tillamook County, Oregon. From 1930 to 1943, Ferris banded nearly 33% of the birds banded along the Oregon coast that were later recovered. Ferris banded 8,000 seabirds (including 4,996 gulls and 2,820 Common Murres), 3,042 terrestrial birds (including 1,089 Dark-eyed Juncos) at Beaver, and 61 Song Sparrows and Red-winged Blackbirds at Daley Lake. Ferris also colorbanded many terrestrial birds at Beaver. Except for the gulls, details about the recoveries of all birds banded by Ferris are given. Highlights of Ferris' bird work include: Lewis' Woodpeckers were abundant at Beaver, Bank Swallows nested near Beaver, Western Bluebirds were being driven out of nest boxes at Beaver by House Sparrows long before Eurasian Starlings arrived, Song Sparrows banded at Beaver included one population of permanent residents and another population of winter residents, White-crowned Sparrows (mostly immatures) were uncommon in winter at Beaver, Peregrine Falcons were probably nesting at Haystack Rock, 27% of the banded Common Murre chicks were found south of the colony where they were banded, murre chicks began appearing off the outer coast of Washington in August and in British Columbian waters in September, American Coots nested at Daley Lake, and Red-winged Blackbirds banded at Daley Lake were later found elsewhere in western Oregon. Ferris' very limited incidental bird observations in Clatsop, Yamhill, and Lincoln counties are also incorporated. Title: Reed Ferris' 1930-1943 bird banding records and bird observations for Tillamook County, Oregon Author: Bayer, Range D., 1947-, Ferris, Reed William, 1901- This monograph gives a brief biography of Reed W. Ferris and discusses his vocational and avocational work at the Beaver cheese factory in Tillamook County, Oregon. From 1930 to 1943, Ferris banded nearly 33% of the birds banded along the Oregon coast that were later recovered. Ferris banded 8,000 seabirds (including 4,996 gulls and 2,820 Common Murres), 3,042 terrestrial birds (including 1,089 Dark-eyed Juncos) at Beaver, and 61 Song Sparrows and Red-winged Blackbirds at Daley Lake. Ferris also colorbanded many terrestrial birds at Beaver. Except for the gulls, details about the recoveries of all birds banded by Ferris are given. Highlights of Ferris' bird work include: Lewis' Woodpeckers were abundant at Beaver, Bank Swallows nested near Beaver, Western Bluebirds were being driven out of nest boxes at Beaver by House Sparrows long before Eurasian Starlings arrived, Song Sparrows banded at Beaver included one population of permanent residents and another population of winter residents, White-crowned Sparrows (mostly immatures) were uncommon in winter at Beaver, Peregrine Falcons were probably nesting at Haystack Rock, 27% of the banded Common Murre chicks were found south of the colony where they were banded, murre chicks began appearing off the outer coast of Washington in August and in British Columbian waters in September, American Coots nested at Daley Lake, and Red-winged Blackbirds banded at Daley Lake were later found elsewhere in western Oregon. Ferris' very limited incidental bird observations in Clatsop, Yamhill, and Lincoln counties are also incorporated. Close

• 29. [Article] Development and erosion history of Bayocean Spit, Tillamook, Oregon

  Bayocean sand spit lies along the northern Oregon coast approximately 70 miles south of the Columbia River. Work was begun on the construction of a large recreational resort on the spit in the early 1900's. ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Development and erosion history of Bayocean Spit, Tillamook, Oregon Author: Terich, Thomas A., Komar, Paul D., 1939-, Oregon State University. School of Oceanography Bayocean sand spit lies along the northern Oregon coast approximately 70 miles south of the Columbia River. Work was begun on the construction of a large recreational resort on the spit in the early 1900's. At the outset, the resort appeared to have a promising future. However, a three-year delay in the completion of the railroad to Tillamook created financial instability and lawsuits which continued up to the depression of the early 1930's. There soon followed severe erosion of Bayocean spit leading to its breaching in 1952 and forcing the abandonment of the deteriorated resort. The erosion appeared to have been initiated by the construction and subsequent lengthening of a north jetty to the Tillamook Bay channel. Rapid sand deposition north of the north jetty indicated that the structure had blocked a predominant north to south longshore sand transport, thus depriving the spit of sand and resulting in erosion. Similar occurrences have been documented at other coastal locations. However, analysis of historical shoreline changes and aerial photographs taken in 1971, 1972, and 1973 show that sand eroded from beaches to the north and to the south of the jetty has been transported and deposited immediately adjacent to both sides of the structure. This symmetrical pattern of erosion and deposition on both sides of the jetty indicates a reversing longshore sand transport with a near zero net annual drift. The shoreline conditions at Bayocean demonstrate that beach erosion can result from the construction of a jetty transverse to a seasonally reversing longshore sand transport with a near-zero net drift. Title: Development and erosion history of Bayocean Spit, Tillamook, Oregon Author: Terich, Thomas A., Komar, Paul D., 1939-, Oregon State University. School of Oceanography Bayocean sand spit lies along the northern Oregon coast approximately 70 miles south of the Columbia River. Work was begun on the construction of a large recreational resort on the spit in the early 1900's. At the outset, the resort appeared to have a promising future. However, a three-year delay in the completion of the railroad to Tillamook created financial instability and lawsuits which continued up to the depression of the early 1930's. There soon followed severe erosion of Bayocean spit leading to its breaching in 1952 and forcing the abandonment of the deteriorated resort. The erosion appeared to have been initiated by the construction and subsequent lengthening of a north jetty to the Tillamook Bay channel. Rapid sand deposition north of the north jetty indicated that the structure had blocked a predominant north to south longshore sand transport, thus depriving the spit of sand and resulting in erosion. Similar occurrences have been documented at other coastal locations. However, analysis of historical shoreline changes and aerial photographs taken in 1971, 1972, and 1973 show that sand eroded from beaches to the north and to the south of the jetty has been transported and deposited immediately adjacent to both sides of the structure. This symmetrical pattern of erosion and deposition on both sides of the jetty indicates a reversing longshore sand transport with a near zero net annual drift. The shoreline conditions at Bayocean demonstrate that beach erosion can result from the construction of a jetty transverse to a seasonally reversing longshore sand transport with a near-zero net drift. Close

• 30. [Article] The European crane fly: a serious pasture pest in Tillamook County

  Published October 1989. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catal...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The European crane fly: a serious pasture pest in Tillamook County Author: Eickelberger, Regina C., Williams, John, Oregon State University. Extension Service, Fisher, Glenn C. Published October 1989. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog Title: The European crane fly: a serious pasture pest in Tillamook County Author: Eickelberger, Regina C., Williams, John, Oregon State University. Extension Service, Fisher, Glenn C. Published October 1989. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog Close