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• 21. [Article] Supply Disruptions Following Environmental Events: Implications for Molluscan Shellfish Growers and Processors

  Research Paper

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Supply Disruptions Following Environmental Events: Implications for Molluscan Shellfish Growers and Processors Author: Adams, Charles, Larkin, Sherry Research Paper Title: Supply Disruptions Following Environmental Events: Implications for Molluscan Shellfish Growers and Processors Author: Adams, Charles, Larkin, Sherry Research Paper Close

• 22. [Article] Netting Billions: A Global Valuation of Tuna

  Suggested Bibliographic Reference: Challenging New Frontiers in the Global Seafood Sector: Proceedings of the Eighteenth Biennial Conference of the International Institute of Fisheries Economics and Trade, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Netting Billions: A Global Valuation of Tuna Author: Defaux, Vincent, Nickson, Amanda, Rogers, Anthony, Huntington, Tim, Macfadyen, Graeme, Galland, Grantly Year: 2016 Suggested Bibliographic Reference: Challenging New Frontiers in the Global Seafood Sector: Proceedings of the Eighteenth Biennial Conference of the International Institute of Fisheries Economics and Trade, July 11-15, 2016. Compiled by Stefani J. Evers and Ann L. Shriver. International Institute of Fisheries Economics and Trade (IIFET), Corvallis, 2016. Title: Netting Billions: A Global Valuation of Tuna Author: Defaux, Vincent, Nickson, Amanda, Rogers, Anthony, Huntington, Tim, Macfadyen, Graeme, Galland, Grantly Year: 2016 Suggested Bibliographic Reference: Challenging New Frontiers in the Global Seafood Sector: Proceedings of the Eighteenth Biennial Conference of the International Institute of Fisheries Economics and Trade, July 11-15, 2016. Compiled by Stefani J. Evers and Ann L. Shriver. International Institute of Fisheries Economics and Trade (IIFET), Corvallis, 2016. Close

• 23. [Article] The Harmonization of Food Safety and Traceability in Farmed Fish Production, An Example of Grouper Industry in Taiwan

  There is now an increasing demand among consumers for high-quality and safe aquaculture products. However, in becoming an important contributor to the markets for seafood, the aquaculture industry has ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Harmonization of Food Safety and Traceability in Farmed Fish Production, An Example of Grouper Industry in Taiwan Author: Chen, Shin-Chang, Nan, Fan-Hwa, Chuang, Ching-Ta There is now an increasing demand among consumers for high-quality and safe aquaculture products. However, in becoming an important contributor to the markets for seafood, the aquaculture industry has become increasingly subject to rigid food safety, traceability, and processing requirements (e.g. Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP), Good Aquaculture Practice (GAP) etc.). In these recent trends, small-scale fish farmers, especially in developing countries and countries in transition, have encountered difficulties in meeting such requirements. On the other hand, although traceability is one of the latest issue in food trade market, there are still different requirements (and definition) in different country and organization. This paper conducts questionnaire surveys and in-depth interviews, and examines the traceability system and supply chain system of the farmed fish industry. Otherwise, In order to reach the spirit of "traceability ", we also take Taiwan seafood industry as an example to show that how traceability and food safety conform the production responsibility, the independent management, food security. Empirical results show that with sustainability, traceability and food safety as the core components, there is a critical need for countries within the region (e.g. Asia) to forge international collaboration, harmonization and transborder policies to develop standards and mechanisms for HACCP, GAP/GHP/GMP, and/or traceability implementation. These standards must not only be accessible to large commercial/industrial production, but must also be beneficial to small-scale fish farmers. Finally, this research provides recommendations for integrating the producing and marketing channels, sustainable development and market strategy for the aquaculture industry are also discussed. Title: The Harmonization of Food Safety and Traceability in Farmed Fish Production, An Example of Grouper Industry in Taiwan Author: Chen, Shin-Chang, Nan, Fan-Hwa, Chuang, Ching-Ta There is now an increasing demand among consumers for high-quality and safe aquaculture products. However, in becoming an important contributor to the markets for seafood, the aquaculture industry has become increasingly subject to rigid food safety, traceability, and processing requirements (e.g. Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP), Good Aquaculture Practice (GAP) etc.). In these recent trends, small-scale fish farmers, especially in developing countries and countries in transition, have encountered difficulties in meeting such requirements. On the other hand, although traceability is one of the latest issue in food trade market, there are still different requirements (and definition) in different country and organization. This paper conducts questionnaire surveys and in-depth interviews, and examines the traceability system and supply chain system of the farmed fish industry. Otherwise, In order to reach the spirit of "traceability ", we also take Taiwan seafood industry as an example to show that how traceability and food safety conform the production responsibility, the independent management, food security. Empirical results show that with sustainability, traceability and food safety as the core components, there is a critical need for countries within the region (e.g. Asia) to forge international collaboration, harmonization and transborder policies to develop standards and mechanisms for HACCP, GAP/GHP/GMP, and/or traceability implementation. These standards must not only be accessible to large commercial/industrial production, but must also be beneficial to small-scale fish farmers. Finally, this research provides recommendations for integrating the producing and marketing channels, sustainable development and market strategy for the aquaculture industry are also discussed. Close

• 24. [Article] Assessing the Implications of the 2016 Oregon Minimum Wage Increase for Direct Market Farmers and Their Employees

  2017

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Assessing the Implications of the 2016 Oregon Minimum Wage Increase for Direct Market Farmers and Their Employees Author: Trant, Lindsay 2017 Title: Assessing the Implications of the 2016 Oregon Minimum Wage Increase for Direct Market Farmers and Their Employees Author: Trant, Lindsay 2017 Close

• 25. [Article] Post-Tsunami Economic Analysis of Cage Culture Farms along the Andaman Sea Coast, Thailand

  A post-tsunami economic analysis of cage culture along the Andaman Sea coast of Thailand was carried out in five provinces (Ranong, Phang-nga, Krabi, Trang and Satun) from September 2007 to February 2008. ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Post-Tsunami Economic Analysis of Cage Culture Farms along the Andaman Sea Coast, Thailand Author: Songrak, Apirak, Sangchan, Suchat, Tanyaros, Suwat, Anantasuk, Rattanaporn A post-tsunami economic analysis of cage culture along the Andaman Sea coast of Thailand was carried out in five provinces (Ranong, Phang-nga, Krabi, Trang and Satun) from September 2007 to February 2008. Two of the culture species normally raised in this area include sea bass (Lates calcarifer) and grouper (Epinephelus malabricus). Semi-structured interviews and questionnaires were used to collect the quantitative data from the farmers at the household level in each province. Average total cost of investment both for sea bass and grouper were found to be significantly different among the provinces. (p<0.05). Average gross revenue and net profit for sea bass culture were found to be significantly different among the provinces. (p<0.05), while average gross revenue and net profit for grouper culture showed non-significant difference among the provinces. (p>0.05). The results from this study showed that net economic profit (NEP) achieved was 41,030.49 baht/crop for sea bass culture, while net economic profit (NEP) for grouper culture was 59,529.98 baht/crop. The result from the present study indicated that the economic value of cage culture farms was profitable. However, the farmers need some technical assistance from government agencies regarding price guarantee and marketing channels. Title: Post-Tsunami Economic Analysis of Cage Culture Farms along the Andaman Sea Coast, Thailand Author: Songrak, Apirak, Sangchan, Suchat, Tanyaros, Suwat, Anantasuk, Rattanaporn A post-tsunami economic analysis of cage culture along the Andaman Sea coast of Thailand was carried out in five provinces (Ranong, Phang-nga, Krabi, Trang and Satun) from September 2007 to February 2008. Two of the culture species normally raised in this area include sea bass (Lates calcarifer) and grouper (Epinephelus malabricus). Semi-structured interviews and questionnaires were used to collect the quantitative data from the farmers at the household level in each province. Average total cost of investment both for sea bass and grouper were found to be significantly different among the provinces. (p<0.05). Average gross revenue and net profit for sea bass culture were found to be significantly different among the provinces. (p<0.05), while average gross revenue and net profit for grouper culture showed non-significant difference among the provinces. (p>0.05). The results from this study showed that net economic profit (NEP) achieved was 41,030.49 baht/crop for sea bass culture, while net economic profit (NEP) for grouper culture was 59,529.98 baht/crop. The result from the present study indicated that the economic value of cage culture farms was profitable. However, the farmers need some technical assistance from government agencies regarding price guarantee and marketing channels. Close

• 26. [Article] Approche économique et stratégique de la filière des produits de la mer dans l ’union européenne

  Research Paper

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Approche économique et stratégique de la filière des produits de la mer dans l ’union européenne Author: Toussaint, R., Caillart, B. Research Paper Title: Approche économique et stratégique de la filière des produits de la mer dans l ’union européenne Author: Toussaint, R., Caillart, B. Research Paper Close

• 27. [Article] Seafood Products Enhancement: The Case of Artisanal Fishing in France

  Fishermen, who initially harvest the resource, usually content themselves with landing and selling the raw material. It is the food processing industry, wholesalers, distributors and retailers that create ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Seafood Products Enhancement: The Case of Artisanal Fishing in France Author: Gouin, Stéphane, Fady, André Year: 2001 Fishermen, who initially harvest the resource, usually content themselves with landing and selling the raw material. It is the food processing industry, wholesalers, distributors and retailers that create added value from the fish by transforming it or/and differentiating different types or quality grades. Focussing upon Brittany, Normandy and the Channel coasts of Northern France, we observed that actors of the channel of market could also play their part in adding value to seafood products. A pilot study was made among 18 fishermen, 18 wholesale firms, 11 seafood products department supervisors in supermarkets and hypermarkets and 37 fishmongers at the beginning of 1999. These 84 market studies focussed on the seven methods used to add value: modification of fishing techniques; introduction of quality improvements; differentiation between fish, shellfish and crustaceans; policies of certification or collective brands; economic integration in the sector; creation of value added products; information and promotion to consumers. After recalling the various reasons for adding value to seafood products, the results of our market study of 84 professionals are presented in this paper. Title: Seafood Products Enhancement: The Case of Artisanal Fishing in France Author: Gouin, Stéphane, Fady, André Year: 2001 Fishermen, who initially harvest the resource, usually content themselves with landing and selling the raw material. It is the food processing industry, wholesalers, distributors and retailers that create added value from the fish by transforming it or/and differentiating different types or quality grades. Focussing upon Brittany, Normandy and the Channel coasts of Northern France, we observed that actors of the channel of market could also play their part in adding value to seafood products. A pilot study was made among 18 fishermen, 18 wholesale firms, 11 seafood products department supervisors in supermarkets and hypermarkets and 37 fishmongers at the beginning of 1999. These 84 market studies focussed on the seven methods used to add value: modification of fishing techniques; introduction of quality improvements; differentiation between fish, shellfish and crustaceans; policies of certification or collective brands; economic integration in the sector; creation of value added products; information and promotion to consumers. After recalling the various reasons for adding value to seafood products, the results of our market study of 84 professionals are presented in this paper. Close

• 28. [Article] Growth and Competition in the Italian Seafood Chain

  The Italian seafood chain is experiencing strong evolutionary pressures. Domestic operators, especially at catch level suffer from weak organisational structures and poor logistics, fragmentation and lack ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Growth and Competition in the Italian Seafood Chain Author: Spagnolo, Massimo, Ruckes, Erhard, Lem, Audum Year: 2001 The Italian seafood chain is experiencing strong evolutionary pressures. Domestic operators, especially at catch level suffer from weak organisational structures and poor logistics, fragmentation and lack of specialisation. Based on an analysis of the sector's strengths and weaknesses, the authors present three recommendations for bringing about the necessary changes. Whereas institutional support and investments are needed, the catalysts of change are found in the system itself and brought about by the operators. Title: Growth and Competition in the Italian Seafood Chain Author: Spagnolo, Massimo, Ruckes, Erhard, Lem, Audum Year: 2001 The Italian seafood chain is experiencing strong evolutionary pressures. Domestic operators, especially at catch level suffer from weak organisational structures and poor logistics, fragmentation and lack of specialisation. Based on an analysis of the sector's strengths and weaknesses, the authors present three recommendations for bringing about the necessary changes. Whereas institutional support and investments are needed, the catalysts of change are found in the system itself and brought about by the operators. Close

• 29. [Article] The role of processors in the improvement and expansion of fruit crop production in the western state of Nigeria ; a case study

  Four assumptions-- 1. That there is an effective and potential demand for processed fruit products in the Western State of Nigeria. 2. That current supply of raw materials in the Western State of Nigeria ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The role of processors in the improvement and expansion of fruit crop production in the western state of Nigeria ; a case study Author: Olufokunbi, Banwo Four assumptions-- 1. That there is an effective and potential demand for processed fruit products in the Western State of Nigeria. 2. That current supply of raw materials in the Western State of Nigeria is more than sufficient to meet the increased demand which the short-term addition or expansion (or both) of market opportunities as provided by processors will stimulate. 3. That farmers could be better-off economically by widening their margin. 4. That while a processing unit may have many objectives, like survival, large size, power and status, the overriding motive of the unit is to try to maximize profit. -- were made in conducting this study which is an attempt to understand the impact a particular processing firm in the Western State of Nigeria has made on farmers in its surrounding, and a postulate of the role such firms could play in the improvement and expansion of fruit crop production, especially in the context of the stage of development Nigeria is today. With orange and pineapple as fruits of emphasis, the field work, done in Nigeria, took 59 days (July 20, 1970, to September 17, 1970); 45 days spent in interviewing farmers, 12 days in watching processing activities of 'Blaize'--the fruit processor; and 2 days taken off in-between. Three major issues examined are 1. The system of farming practiced by the producers--farmers producing for Blaize--particularly the farming changes (if any) induced by the addition or expansion (or both) of market opportunities as provided by the processor--'Blaize'. 2. The organization, activities and program of the processor-buyer (Blaize) as they relate to the purchase of orange and pineapple from Abeokuta area. 3. The kind of relationship which has been established between the processor firm (Blaize) and farmers who supply to it. Findings are: 1. The area of land planted to orange and pineapple in Abeokuta has been increasing over the years. 2. Farmers are responsive to price incentives; and are willing to increase their productivity to take advantage of profit opportunities, but they tend to guard against a long-term curtailment of food production. 3. Farmers earn their most cash-income from farming. 4. Nonfarm activities of the present farmers provide an increasingly smaller resource potential for production increase. 5. Capital, labor, good roads and transport are major constraints on farmers' production in Abeokuta area. 6. Abeokuta farmers diversify, but they grow more crops for domestic market than for export. 7. Land-use in Abeokuta features 9.2 percent devoted to ara-ables, 16.3 percent to tree crops, about 11.6 percent and 15.4 percent devoted to orange and pineapple, respectively; and 60 percent still residual. Average land-size per farm family is 32.7 acres, all scattered on an average of 8.6 plots. 8. Fruit growers in Abeokuta area are market oriented. 9. People in age brackets (26-37) and (37-46), as compared with other age brackets, have the largest amount of land, are more numerous, and are more market oriented. Areas of possible further investigation are: 1. Analysis of consumer demand. 2. The difficulties which may be faced by the expansion of processed fruit products when such will be meant for exports. 3. Promotional measures, and the utilization of by-products of processing plants. 4. Analysis of the existing marketing channels and services. 5. Capacity assessment of any given processor-plant. 6. The determination of the most suitable location of any proposed plant. Title: The role of processors in the improvement and expansion of fruit crop production in the western state of Nigeria ; a case study Author: Olufokunbi, Banwo Four assumptions-- 1. That there is an effective and potential demand for processed fruit products in the Western State of Nigeria. 2. That current supply of raw materials in the Western State of Nigeria is more than sufficient to meet the increased demand which the short-term addition or expansion (or both) of market opportunities as provided by processors will stimulate. 3. That farmers could be better-off economically by widening their margin. 4. That while a processing unit may have many objectives, like survival, large size, power and status, the overriding motive of the unit is to try to maximize profit. -- were made in conducting this study which is an attempt to understand the impact a particular processing firm in the Western State of Nigeria has made on farmers in its surrounding, and a postulate of the role such firms could play in the improvement and expansion of fruit crop production, especially in the context of the stage of development Nigeria is today. With orange and pineapple as fruits of emphasis, the field work, done in Nigeria, took 59 days (July 20, 1970, to September 17, 1970); 45 days spent in interviewing farmers, 12 days in watching processing activities of 'Blaize'--the fruit processor; and 2 days taken off in-between. Three major issues examined are 1. The system of farming practiced by the producers--farmers producing for Blaize--particularly the farming changes (if any) induced by the addition or expansion (or both) of market opportunities as provided by the processor--'Blaize'. 2. The organization, activities and program of the processor-buyer (Blaize) as they relate to the purchase of orange and pineapple from Abeokuta area. 3. The kind of relationship which has been established between the processor firm (Blaize) and farmers who supply to it. Findings are: 1. The area of land planted to orange and pineapple in Abeokuta has been increasing over the years. 2. Farmers are responsive to price incentives; and are willing to increase their productivity to take advantage of profit opportunities, but they tend to guard against a long-term curtailment of food production. 3. Farmers earn their most cash-income from farming. 4. Nonfarm activities of the present farmers provide an increasingly smaller resource potential for production increase. 5. Capital, labor, good roads and transport are major constraints on farmers' production in Abeokuta area. 6. Abeokuta farmers diversify, but they grow more crops for domestic market than for export. 7. Land-use in Abeokuta features 9.2 percent devoted to ara-ables, 16.3 percent to tree crops, about 11.6 percent and 15.4 percent devoted to orange and pineapple, respectively; and 60 percent still residual. Average land-size per farm family is 32.7 acres, all scattered on an average of 8.6 plots. 8. Fruit growers in Abeokuta area are market oriented. 9. People in age brackets (26-37) and (37-46), as compared with other age brackets, have the largest amount of land, are more numerous, and are more market oriented. Areas of possible further investigation are: 1. Analysis of consumer demand. 2. The difficulties which may be faced by the expansion of processed fruit products when such will be meant for exports. 3. Promotional measures, and the utilization of by-products of processing plants. 4. Analysis of the existing marketing channels and services. 5. Capacity assessment of any given processor-plant. 6. The determination of the most suitable location of any proposed plant. Close

• 30. [Article] The Determinants of Women's Work: A Case Study from Three Urban Low-income Communities in Amman, Jordan

  This study addresses the determinants of women's economic activity in three low income communities in Amman, the capital of Jordan. These communities represent what is typically referred to as "pockets ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Determinants of Women's Work: A Case Study from Three Urban Low-income Communities in Amman, Jordan Author: Tubbeh, Taghrid Khuri Year: 1994 This study addresses the determinants of women's economic activity in three low income communities in Amman, the capital of Jordan. These communities represent what is typically referred to as "pockets of urban poverty." Besides addressing the demographic and socio-economic variables, the study identifies and includes cultural variables in a model of female labor force participation. Modern economic systems developed definitions and measurements of productivity that render the majority of women's work as non-productive. Activities within the domestic sphere that do not earn monetary returns are not measured as productive economic activities, and hence are dropped from the calculations of gross national and domestic products of most if not all developing nations. In the Arab Middle East, where women's work outside the home is relatively a recent phenomenon, labor statistics are measuring only female labor force in the "formal sector" of the labor market. The scope and magnitude of women's economic activity within the domestic sphere, or in what is termed the informal sector, is neglected, or at best, underestimated, by labor force statistics. In such cultural contexts where women's economic activity outside the home is still considered secondary to the array of their reproductive and home-related activities, the underlying thesis is that cultural factors play an important role in shaping the outcomes of women's decisions regarding labor force participation. A field survey covered the sample of adult women, aged 15 years and over. To achieve a 95% level of significance, 435 women were interviewed. Three field surveyors were trained to thoroughly probe and depict all types of economic activity for the purpose of raising cash, be it in the formal or the informal sectors of the labor market. A nested logit model assesses the effects of demographic and socio-economic variables on women's employment status. Employment status is defined as a dichotomous dependent variable indicating whether a woman does or does not work. The second step of the logit model incorporates cultural variables in addition to the demographic and socio-economic variables. Each logit run segregates women by marital status, and one run addresses the pooled sample of women, with marital status included as a predictor variable. The results indicate that age and marital status (in the pooled sample) are important variables in determining the employment status of women. The presence of a resource person to help the ever-married woman in child-care also had a significant effect on women's employment decisions. Household income, which represents the need for the woman's income, is also a significant variable. In the second step of the nested logit model, education significantly influences women's work outside the home. Segregation (a cultural variable that represented a constraint to women's work in a mixed environment) is also a significant variable in influencing women's work inside the home. This study shows that when addressing the determinants of female labor force participation, it is important to include cultural variables and assess their effect on influencing the outcome of women's decisions to undertake economic activity. Policies that seek to increase female employment need to be aware of the cultural and demographic (fertility related) considerations. Consequently, employment creation and enhancement programs need to be formulated and designed with this consideration in focus. For example, child-care facilities could be established within communities. This will free sometime of mothers with children to work outside the home, and will create child-care jobs within the community. Realizing that, due to cultural barriers, some women will still desire to only work at home, agencies providing marketing channels for such activities need to be established. Title: The Determinants of Women's Work: A Case Study from Three Urban Low-income Communities in Amman, Jordan Author: Tubbeh, Taghrid Khuri Year: 1994 This study addresses the determinants of women's economic activity in three low income communities in Amman, the capital of Jordan. These communities represent what is typically referred to as "pockets of urban poverty." Besides addressing the demographic and socio-economic variables, the study identifies and includes cultural variables in a model of female labor force participation. Modern economic systems developed definitions and measurements of productivity that render the majority of women's work as non-productive. Activities within the domestic sphere that do not earn monetary returns are not measured as productive economic activities, and hence are dropped from the calculations of gross national and domestic products of most if not all developing nations. In the Arab Middle East, where women's work outside the home is relatively a recent phenomenon, labor statistics are measuring only female labor force in the "formal sector" of the labor market. The scope and magnitude of women's economic activity within the domestic sphere, or in what is termed the informal sector, is neglected, or at best, underestimated, by labor force statistics. In such cultural contexts where women's economic activity outside the home is still considered secondary to the array of their reproductive and home-related activities, the underlying thesis is that cultural factors play an important role in shaping the outcomes of women's decisions regarding labor force participation. A field survey covered the sample of adult women, aged 15 years and over. To achieve a 95% level of significance, 435 women were interviewed. Three field surveyors were trained to thoroughly probe and depict all types of economic activity for the purpose of raising cash, be it in the formal or the informal sectors of the labor market. A nested logit model assesses the effects of demographic and socio-economic variables on women's employment status. Employment status is defined as a dichotomous dependent variable indicating whether a woman does or does not work. The second step of the logit model incorporates cultural variables in addition to the demographic and socio-economic variables. Each logit run segregates women by marital status, and one run addresses the pooled sample of women, with marital status included as a predictor variable. The results indicate that age and marital status (in the pooled sample) are important variables in determining the employment status of women. The presence of a resource person to help the ever-married woman in child-care also had a significant effect on women's employment decisions. Household income, which represents the need for the woman's income, is also a significant variable. In the second step of the nested logit model, education significantly influences women's work outside the home. Segregation (a cultural variable that represented a constraint to women's work in a mixed environment) is also a significant variable in influencing women's work inside the home. This study shows that when addressing the determinants of female labor force participation, it is important to include cultural variables and assess their effect on influencing the outcome of women's decisions to undertake economic activity. Policies that seek to increase female employment need to be aware of the cultural and demographic (fertility related) considerations. Consequently, employment creation and enhancement programs need to be formulated and designed with this consideration in focus. For example, child-care facilities could be established within communities. This will free sometime of mothers with children to work outside the home, and will create child-care jobs within the community. Realizing that, due to cultural barriers, some women will still desire to only work at home, agencies providing marketing channels for such activities need to be established. Close