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• 21. [Article] Educational, Sociocultural, and Phonological Obstacles for the Japanese Learner of English

  Every Japanese high school student studies English for at least six years. However, the results of this study, especially in speaking, are poor. In the present study, educational, sociocultural, and linguistic ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Educational, Sociocultural, and Phonological Obstacles for the Japanese Learner of English Author: Waterbury, David Howard Year: 1977 Every Japanese high school student studies English for at least six years. However, the results of this study, especially in speaking, are poor. In the present study, educational, sociocultural, and linguistic obstacles to learning for the Japanese student are considered. An educational system oriented toward passing college and university entrance examinations has distorted English curriculum. Furthermore, English teachers in Japan lack proficiency in the language. The teaching staffs and materials of language schools are poorly regulated. Concern with relative status, group identification, and loss of face acts as a deterrent to learning. For many learners the wrong type of motivation may exist. Consideration of phonological obstacles was limited to the area of rhythm (speed, stress, word grouping, pausing). An error analysis of the speech of twenty-five Japanese students of college age was carried out using recordings of an accent inventory. Speech was recorded both aurally and visually. No comparison of English and Japanese rhythm was made either aurally or visually. The students' speech was also rated by three native speakers for the amount of foreign accent in the area of rhythm. Three possible causes of errors were considered: language transfer, intralingual interference, and the universal hierarchy of difficulty. The source of the majority of errors was found to be due to interference. The Japanese were found to have problems in segmentation and stressing due primarily to the fact that English is a stress-timed language and Japanese is a syllable-timed one. The number of types of errors and total phonation and pause time correlated with the foreign accent rating. The best solution to the educational obstacles facing the Japanese English learner would be the divorcement of English from the entrance examinations and a reeducation of English teachers. Native-speaking English teachers should be made aware of the cultural constraints which limit the Japanese student's learning. Future teaching programs and materials should place more emphasis on intonation and rhythm for the Japanese English learner, particularly in the grouping of words. Title: Educational, Sociocultural, and Phonological Obstacles for the Japanese Learner of English Author: Waterbury, David Howard Year: 1977 Every Japanese high school student studies English for at least six years. However, the results of this study, especially in speaking, are poor. In the present study, educational, sociocultural, and linguistic obstacles to learning for the Japanese student are considered. An educational system oriented toward passing college and university entrance examinations has distorted English curriculum. Furthermore, English teachers in Japan lack proficiency in the language. The teaching staffs and materials of language schools are poorly regulated. Concern with relative status, group identification, and loss of face acts as a deterrent to learning. For many learners the wrong type of motivation may exist. Consideration of phonological obstacles was limited to the area of rhythm (speed, stress, word grouping, pausing). An error analysis of the speech of twenty-five Japanese students of college age was carried out using recordings of an accent inventory. Speech was recorded both aurally and visually. No comparison of English and Japanese rhythm was made either aurally or visually. The students' speech was also rated by three native speakers for the amount of foreign accent in the area of rhythm. Three possible causes of errors were considered: language transfer, intralingual interference, and the universal hierarchy of difficulty. The source of the majority of errors was found to be due to interference. The Japanese were found to have problems in segmentation and stressing due primarily to the fact that English is a stress-timed language and Japanese is a syllable-timed one. The number of types of errors and total phonation and pause time correlated with the foreign accent rating. The best solution to the educational obstacles facing the Japanese English learner would be the divorcement of English from the entrance examinations and a reeducation of English teachers. Native-speaking English teachers should be made aware of the cultural constraints which limit the Japanese student's learning. Future teaching programs and materials should place more emphasis on intonation and rhythm for the Japanese English learner, particularly in the grouping of words. Close

• 22. [Article] Causes and consequences of divorce in late life

  The purpose of this study was to develop a framework in which the effect of divorce in late life could be examined. Statistics indicate a growing number of persons who occupy the divorce status in late ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Causes and consequences of divorce in late life Author: Wilson, Keren Brown Year: 1983 The purpose of this study was to develop a framework in which the effect of divorce in late life could be examined. Statistics indicate a growing number of persons who occupy the divorce status in late life. Many of these persons enter late life in the divorced status, others are divorced after age 60. This study focuses upon those who divorce after age 60. Although previous work does not shed much light upon late life divorce, it yields a clear picture of the characteristics, process and consequences of divorce for younger persons. Assumptions derived from work with younger divorcing populations provide a basis for the conceptual framework used in this study. A description of who gets divorced, causes, process and consequences of divorce in late life is provided. A model which predicts post divorce adjustment also is tested. Findings affirm similarities between younger and older divorcing persons. Persons divorcing in late life generally were urban residing, had low occupational status, few assets, weak religious and kinship ties. Generally, in this study divorce resulted from a long-standing lack of emotional gratification aggravated by some type of precipitating event. Few subjects perceived themselves to be victims of the divorce; most had ambivalent feelings about getting divorced and mixed experiences during the divorce. The legal, economic, social and psychological consequences are greater for those who resisted the divorce. Those subjects also were less successful in resolving problems and exhibited higher levels of stress subsequent to the divorce. A curvilinear relationship between age and post divorce adjustment was found. Those in mid life (45-65) were affected more adversely than those in later life. Sex, consequences and type of divorce experienced accounted for 49 per cent of the differences found in post divorce adjustment. Overall, the data suggest that: (1) females have more negative divorce experiences and suffer greater negative consequences than do males; (2) managed conflict is an important part of successful adjustment; and (3) society does not recognize the complications presented by late life divorce. Title: Causes and consequences of divorce in late life Author: Wilson, Keren Brown Year: 1983 The purpose of this study was to develop a framework in which the effect of divorce in late life could be examined. Statistics indicate a growing number of persons who occupy the divorce status in late life. Many of these persons enter late life in the divorced status, others are divorced after age 60. This study focuses upon those who divorce after age 60. Although previous work does not shed much light upon late life divorce, it yields a clear picture of the characteristics, process and consequences of divorce for younger persons. Assumptions derived from work with younger divorcing populations provide a basis for the conceptual framework used in this study. A description of who gets divorced, causes, process and consequences of divorce in late life is provided. A model which predicts post divorce adjustment also is tested. Findings affirm similarities between younger and older divorcing persons. Persons divorcing in late life generally were urban residing, had low occupational status, few assets, weak religious and kinship ties. Generally, in this study divorce resulted from a long-standing lack of emotional gratification aggravated by some type of precipitating event. Few subjects perceived themselves to be victims of the divorce; most had ambivalent feelings about getting divorced and mixed experiences during the divorce. The legal, economic, social and psychological consequences are greater for those who resisted the divorce. Those subjects also were less successful in resolving problems and exhibited higher levels of stress subsequent to the divorce. A curvilinear relationship between age and post divorce adjustment was found. Those in mid life (45-65) were affected more adversely than those in later life. Sex, consequences and type of divorce experienced accounted for 49 per cent of the differences found in post divorce adjustment. Overall, the data suggest that: (1) females have more negative divorce experiences and suffer greater negative consequences than do males; (2) managed conflict is an important part of successful adjustment; and (3) society does not recognize the complications presented by late life divorce. Close

• 23. [Article] Post-divorce visitation of minor children; development of a questionnaire

  The present descriptive study was broadly concerned about divorces which have an impact on minor children. It was intended to build on the previous research of Griffith, Hack, Murphy, Wieman, Williams, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Post-divorce visitation of minor children; development of a questionnaire Author: Cotter, Viola, Goldenberg, Lorraine, McGill, Terry Year: 1971 The present descriptive study was broadly concerned about divorces which have an impact on minor children. It was intended to build on the previous research of Griffith, Hack, Murphy, Wieman, Williams, Van Lydegraf & Glaudin (1970) in describing the relationships between parents and children after divorce. It was the objective of the present research team to come closer to the goal of selecting a representative sample of divorced parents than was possible previously. Moreover, an attempt was made to develop a highly structured questionnaire and interview schedule growing out of the earlier experience with semi-structured interviews. Data to be collected in the present study were to be much more specific and much less impressionistic. Although it was considered desirable to obtain a general picture of the family dissolution as early in the divorce process as possible, special consideration was given to issues pertaining to the visiting relationship of the minor child and the non-custodial parent. In addition, the present research not only intended to gather descriptive content about divorcing parents and their children, but to give primary emphasis to assessing the reliability of the findings. To recapitulate, the purpose of this study focused on the following immediate goals: 1) To sample a representative group of divorcing parents of minor children early in the divorce process. 2) To construct a highly-structured questionnaire which would describe divorcing parents, their relationship, attitudes, visiting arrangements and the adjustment of the minor children. 3) To determine the reliability of data gathered by means of a mailed questionnaire which taps this content. Title: Post-divorce visitation of minor children; development of a questionnaire Author: Cotter, Viola, Goldenberg, Lorraine, McGill, Terry Year: 1971 The present descriptive study was broadly concerned about divorces which have an impact on minor children. It was intended to build on the previous research of Griffith, Hack, Murphy, Wieman, Williams, Van Lydegraf & Glaudin (1970) in describing the relationships between parents and children after divorce. It was the objective of the present research team to come closer to the goal of selecting a representative sample of divorced parents than was possible previously. Moreover, an attempt was made to develop a highly structured questionnaire and interview schedule growing out of the earlier experience with semi-structured interviews. Data to be collected in the present study were to be much more specific and much less impressionistic. Although it was considered desirable to obtain a general picture of the family dissolution as early in the divorce process as possible, special consideration was given to issues pertaining to the visiting relationship of the minor child and the non-custodial parent. In addition, the present research not only intended to gather descriptive content about divorcing parents and their children, but to give primary emphasis to assessing the reliability of the findings. To recapitulate, the purpose of this study focused on the following immediate goals: 1) To sample a representative group of divorcing parents of minor children early in the divorce process. 2) To construct a highly-structured questionnaire which would describe divorcing parents, their relationship, attitudes, visiting arrangements and the adjustment of the minor children. 3) To determine the reliability of data gathered by means of a mailed questionnaire which taps this content. Close

• 24. [Article] Pilot Season

  In the 1930s, two historical figures pioneered the cinematic movement into color technology and theory: Technicolor CEO Herbert Kalmus and Color Director Natalie Kalmus. Through strict licensing policies ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Pilot Season Author: Cousineau, Kelly Year: 2014 In the 1930s, two historical figures pioneered the cinematic movement into color technology and theory: Technicolor CEO Herbert Kalmus and Color Director Natalie Kalmus. Through strict licensing policies and creative branding, the husband-and-wife duo led Technicolor in the aesthetic revolution of colorizing Hollywood. However, Technicolor's enormous success, beginning in 1938 with The Wizard of Oz, followed decades of duress on the company. Studios had been reluctant to adopt color due to its high costs and Natalie's commanding presence on set represented a threat to those within the industry who demanded creative license. The discrimination that Natalie faced, while undoubtedly linked to her gender, was more systemically linked to her symbolic representation of Technicolor itself and its transformation of the industry from one based on black-and-white photography to a highly sanctioned world of color photography. Over the years, Natalie and Herbert's marriage paid the cost of Technicolor's struggles causing them to secretly divorce in 1921, yet still run the company together through the early 1940s, until Herbert's affair with another woman resulted in their permanent separation. This thesis, presented as a pilot to an hour-long television series entitled Technicolor, explores, primarily from Natalie's perspective, how the rise and fall of Herbert and Natalie Kalmus's marriage paralleled the rise and fall of Technicolor itself. Therefore, this thesis consists of three parts: an annotated bibliography (or show bible, as it is referred to in the television industry), an essay which summarizes the results of this research, and finally the hour-long drama script itself. Title: Pilot Season Author: Cousineau, Kelly Year: 2014 In the 1930s, two historical figures pioneered the cinematic movement into color technology and theory: Technicolor CEO Herbert Kalmus and Color Director Natalie Kalmus. Through strict licensing policies and creative branding, the husband-and-wife duo led Technicolor in the aesthetic revolution of colorizing Hollywood. However, Technicolor's enormous success, beginning in 1938 with The Wizard of Oz, followed decades of duress on the company. Studios had been reluctant to adopt color due to its high costs and Natalie's commanding presence on set represented a threat to those within the industry who demanded creative license. The discrimination that Natalie faced, while undoubtedly linked to her gender, was more systemically linked to her symbolic representation of Technicolor itself and its transformation of the industry from one based on black-and-white photography to a highly sanctioned world of color photography. Over the years, Natalie and Herbert's marriage paid the cost of Technicolor's struggles causing them to secretly divorce in 1921, yet still run the company together through the early 1940s, until Herbert's affair with another woman resulted in their permanent separation. This thesis, presented as a pilot to an hour-long television series entitled Technicolor, explores, primarily from Natalie's perspective, how the rise and fall of Herbert and Natalie Kalmus's marriage paralleled the rise and fall of Technicolor itself. Therefore, this thesis consists of three parts: an annotated bibliography (or show bible, as it is referred to in the television industry), an essay which summarizes the results of this research, and finally the hour-long drama script itself. Close

• 25. [Article] "We Were Privileged in Oregon": Jessie Laird Brodie and Reproductive Politics, Locally and Transnationally, 1915-1975

  This thesis conveys the history of reproductive politics in Oregon through the life of Dr. Jessie Laird Brodie (1898-1990). Brodie was a key figure in this history from the 1930's until the 1970's, mainly ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: "We Were Privileged in Oregon": Jessie Laird Brodie and Reproductive Politics, Locally and Transnationally, 1915-1975 Author: Adams, Sadie Anne Year: 2012 This thesis conveys the history of reproductive politics in Oregon through the life of Dr. Jessie Laird Brodie (1898-1990). Brodie was a key figure in this history from the 1930's until the 1970's, mainly through the establishment of family planning programs through social and medical channels in Oregon and throughout Latin America. Oregon's reproductive legislation walked a fine line between conservatism and progressivism, but in general supported reproductive healthcare as a whole in comparison to the rest of the United States and Latin America. The state passed controversial contraceptive legislation in 1935 that benefited public health, but also passed eugenic laws, specifically a 1938 marriage bill, that attempted to limit specific population's reproductive control. By the time family planning was solidly rooted in the national and international sociopolitical discourse in the 1960's, due to the advent of the "pill," population control rhetoric, and the Griswold v. Connecticut (1965) Supreme Court decision, eugenic laws were virtually obsolete. Portland's history suggests that leaders in local reproductive politics sought to appeal to a diverse clientele but were restricted to the confines of federal funding mandates, specifically the war on poverty, that were fueled by postwar liberalism in an increasingly global age. The first chapter concentrates on the history of women's health and reproduction in Oregon prior to the 1960's. Dr. Jessie Laird Brodie's experiences with families in poverty during medical school in the 1920's disheartened her and motivated her to seek ways for these women to efficiently and affordably access birth control information. In response to public health concerns, she helped get positive contraception legislation passed in Oregon in the 1930's that set guidelines and restrictions for manufacture of contraceptives. This law was the first of its kind in the country and set a precedent for other states to follow. Brodie also supported a marriage bill in the 1930's that mandated premarital syphilis and psychological testing, in the hopes that it would lead couples to seek contraceptive, or "hygienic," advice from their physicians as efforts to establish a birth control clinic had failed up to this point. The second chapter focuses on Brodie's continued involvement in Oregon in the 1940's and 1950's, a period marked by a high tide of pronatalism in the U.S., and how she took Oregon's vision for women to a national and international level. Locally, she was involved with the E.C. Brown Trust, an organization dedicated to sex education, and was the President for the Pacific Northwest Conference on Family Relations, a group focused on the postwar family adjustments of higher divorce rates and juvenile delinquency. In 1947, Brodie was one of the founding members of the Pan-American Medical Women's Alliance, an organization created to provide a professional arena for women physicians throughout the Americas to discuss problems specific to women and children. Involvement with these groups helped her gain recognition nationally and in the late 1950's she served as President, and then Executive Director, of the American Medical Women's Association. Lastly, the third chapter looks at the establishment and growth of Planned Parenthood Association of Oregon (PPAO) in the 1960's under Brodie's leadership and her foray into the international establishment of family planning programs through the Boston-based Pathfinder Fund, an organization whose mission involved bringing effective reproductive healthcare to developing countries. Brodie acted as Executive Director for PPAO, where she was able to use her medical expertise and connections to bring the new organization credibility and respect throughout Oregon that they lacked before her involvement because the board was mainly comprised of a younger generation on the brink of second-wave feminism and the sexual revolution. In her career with Pathfinder she assessed the needs for family planning in Latin American and Caribbean countries and facilitated the establishment of programs in the region, largely in cooperation with the U.S. federal government and the Population Council. The conclusion offers a brief history of Dr. Brodie's continued involvement in the local and international communities beyond 1975 and the awards she received highlighting her career in the battle for effective healthcare for all women. In short, this thesis argues that legal and rights-based contestations that were prevalent in other regions of the U.S. and throughout the world were not characteristic of Oregon, allowing Brodie and PPAO to bring birth control to the state with relatively limited opposition. Title: "We Were Privileged in Oregon": Jessie Laird Brodie and Reproductive Politics, Locally and Transnationally, 1915-1975 Author: Adams, Sadie Anne Year: 2012 This thesis conveys the history of reproductive politics in Oregon through the life of Dr. Jessie Laird Brodie (1898-1990). Brodie was a key figure in this history from the 1930's until the 1970's, mainly through the establishment of family planning programs through social and medical channels in Oregon and throughout Latin America. Oregon's reproductive legislation walked a fine line between conservatism and progressivism, but in general supported reproductive healthcare as a whole in comparison to the rest of the United States and Latin America. The state passed controversial contraceptive legislation in 1935 that benefited public health, but also passed eugenic laws, specifically a 1938 marriage bill, that attempted to limit specific population's reproductive control. By the time family planning was solidly rooted in the national and international sociopolitical discourse in the 1960's, due to the advent of the "pill," population control rhetoric, and the Griswold v. Connecticut (1965) Supreme Court decision, eugenic laws were virtually obsolete. Portland's history suggests that leaders in local reproductive politics sought to appeal to a diverse clientele but were restricted to the confines of federal funding mandates, specifically the war on poverty, that were fueled by postwar liberalism in an increasingly global age. The first chapter concentrates on the history of women's health and reproduction in Oregon prior to the 1960's. Dr. Jessie Laird Brodie's experiences with families in poverty during medical school in the 1920's disheartened her and motivated her to seek ways for these women to efficiently and affordably access birth control information. In response to public health concerns, she helped get positive contraception legislation passed in Oregon in the 1930's that set guidelines and restrictions for manufacture of contraceptives. This law was the first of its kind in the country and set a precedent for other states to follow. Brodie also supported a marriage bill in the 1930's that mandated premarital syphilis and psychological testing, in the hopes that it would lead couples to seek contraceptive, or "hygienic," advice from their physicians as efforts to establish a birth control clinic had failed up to this point. The second chapter focuses on Brodie's continued involvement in Oregon in the 1940's and 1950's, a period marked by a high tide of pronatalism in the U.S., and how she took Oregon's vision for women to a national and international level. Locally, she was involved with the E.C. Brown Trust, an organization dedicated to sex education, and was the President for the Pacific Northwest Conference on Family Relations, a group focused on the postwar family adjustments of higher divorce rates and juvenile delinquency. In 1947, Brodie was one of the founding members of the Pan-American Medical Women's Alliance, an organization created to provide a professional arena for women physicians throughout the Americas to discuss problems specific to women and children. Involvement with these groups helped her gain recognition nationally and in the late 1950's she served as President, and then Executive Director, of the American Medical Women's Association. Lastly, the third chapter looks at the establishment and growth of Planned Parenthood Association of Oregon (PPAO) in the 1960's under Brodie's leadership and her foray into the international establishment of family planning programs through the Boston-based Pathfinder Fund, an organization whose mission involved bringing effective reproductive healthcare to developing countries. Brodie acted as Executive Director for PPAO, where she was able to use her medical expertise and connections to bring the new organization credibility and respect throughout Oregon that they lacked before her involvement because the board was mainly comprised of a younger generation on the brink of second-wave feminism and the sexual revolution. In her career with Pathfinder she assessed the needs for family planning in Latin American and Caribbean countries and facilitated the establishment of programs in the region, largely in cooperation with the U.S. federal government and the Population Council. The conclusion offers a brief history of Dr. Brodie's continued involvement in the local and international communities beyond 1975 and the awards she received highlighting her career in the battle for effective healthcare for all women. In short, this thesis argues that legal and rights-based contestations that were prevalent in other regions of the U.S. and throughout the world were not characteristic of Oregon, allowing Brodie and PPAO to bring birth control to the state with relatively limited opposition. Close

• 26. [Article] The No-fault dissolution of marriage act in Oregon: a study of its effect on selected factors

  In October of 1972, the Dissolution of Marriage Act (hereinafter referred to as the Act) became a part of the law and judicial practice of the state of Oregon. The Act represents a significant change in ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The No-fault dissolution of marriage act in Oregon: a study of its effect on selected factors Author: Armstrong, Dennis Arthur Year: 1976 In October of 1972, the Dissolution of Marriage Act (hereinafter referred to as the Act) became a part of the law and judicial practice of the state of Oregon. The Act represents a significant change in Oregon's law. It also represents a significant evolutionary development in the 'attitude of the legal community toward the process of divorce or as it is now termed, dissolution of marriage. The Act was a response to extensive criticism from professionals and from the public. The problem is the legislators were not sure of the effects of the Act and now that it is in effect there is still little or no objective data regarding its effectiveness. This study is an exploratory attempt to evaluate the consequences of the Act, the accomplishment of its stated purposes and its impact upon the process of dissolution and the people involved. Title: The No-fault dissolution of marriage act in Oregon: a study of its effect on selected factors Author: Armstrong, Dennis Arthur Year: 1976 In October of 1972, the Dissolution of Marriage Act (hereinafter referred to as the Act) became a part of the law and judicial practice of the state of Oregon. The Act represents a significant change in Oregon's law. It also represents a significant evolutionary development in the 'attitude of the legal community toward the process of divorce or as it is now termed, dissolution of marriage. The Act was a response to extensive criticism from professionals and from the public. The problem is the legislators were not sure of the effects of the Act and now that it is in effect there is still little or no objective data regarding its effectiveness. This study is an exploratory attempt to evaluate the consequences of the Act, the accomplishment of its stated purposes and its impact upon the process of dissolution and the people involved. Close

• 27. [Article] Rose City Salon

  When Rose City Salon moves to a downtown location, owner Jillian struggles to create greater success. Her team of beauticians each has exceptional talent, but by some are considered freaks. Jillian’s husband ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Rose City Salon Author: Brown, Joan Year: 2016 When Rose City Salon moves to a downtown location, owner Jillian struggles to create greater success. Her team of beauticians each has exceptional talent, but by some are considered freaks. Jillian’s husband Fred, and his business partner Jack are rich elitists who make their money with hostile take-overs of other people’s businesses. When Jack becomes romantically involved with one of Jillian’s freaks, Abilene, he keeps it a secret—for a long time. Jillian works the salon into thee place to go for beauty. After Fred divorces Jillian, Abilene talks Jack into taking over Rose City Salon and giving it to her to manage, then connives him out of tens of thousands of dollars. Alda is the son and would-be heir of a business Jack and Fred extorted from his father. Through a mutual friend Jillian and Alda meet then plot their revenge. Rose City Salon is a novel exploring the challenges of embracing cultural diversity. It is set in Portland, Oregon. It is about 43,450 words. Those who believe in equality and reject prejudices against race, religion, sexual orientation, and gender will appreciate the theme and enjoy the characters and plots of Rose City Salon. Title: Rose City Salon Author: Brown, Joan Year: 2016 When Rose City Salon moves to a downtown location, owner Jillian struggles to create greater success. Her team of beauticians each has exceptional talent, but by some are considered freaks. Jillian’s husband Fred, and his business partner Jack are rich elitists who make their money with hostile take-overs of other people’s businesses. When Jack becomes romantically involved with one of Jillian’s freaks, Abilene, he keeps it a secret—for a long time. Jillian works the salon into thee place to go for beauty. After Fred divorces Jillian, Abilene talks Jack into taking over Rose City Salon and giving it to her to manage, then connives him out of tens of thousands of dollars. Alda is the son and would-be heir of a business Jack and Fred extorted from his father. Through a mutual friend Jillian and Alda meet then plot their revenge. Rose City Salon is a novel exploring the challenges of embracing cultural diversity. It is set in Portland, Oregon. It is about 43,450 words. Those who believe in equality and reject prejudices against race, religion, sexual orientation, and gender will appreciate the theme and enjoy the characters and plots of Rose City Salon. Close

• 28. [Article] The effect of women's labor force participation on marital instability

  This thesis examines the effect of women's labor force participation on marital instability. It is hypothesized that women's income-earning affects marriage in two ways: 1) the "independence effect" facilitates ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The effect of women's labor force participation on marital instability Author: Aytac, Isik Akin Year: 1985 This thesis examines the effect of women's labor force participation on marital instability. It is hypothesized that women's income-earning affects marriage in two ways: 1) the "independence effect" facilitates divorce by enabling women to be self-supporting; 2) the "parallel marriage effect" improves marital satisfaction and the quality of the marital relationship because women with higher incomes generally have more power in marriage. The "independence effect" is measured by whether or not women's income is sufficient, defined as income above the poverty line for the appropriate family size as established by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. "Parallel marriage" is measured by the wife-husband income ratio. Both women's own income level and wife-husband income ratio are taken two years prior to her divorce. Title: The effect of women's labor force participation on marital instability Author: Aytac, Isik Akin Year: 1985 This thesis examines the effect of women's labor force participation on marital instability. It is hypothesized that women's income-earning affects marriage in two ways: 1) the "independence effect" facilitates divorce by enabling women to be self-supporting; 2) the "parallel marriage effect" improves marital satisfaction and the quality of the marital relationship because women with higher incomes generally have more power in marriage. The "independence effect" is measured by whether or not women's income is sufficient, defined as income above the poverty line for the appropriate family size as established by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. "Parallel marriage" is measured by the wife-husband income ratio. Both women's own income level and wife-husband income ratio are taken two years prior to her divorce. Close

• 29. [Article] Thin Slice Judgments in the Clinical Context

  This is an author's peer-reviewed final manuscript, as accepted by the publisher. The published article is copyrighted by Annual Reviews and can be found at: http://www.annualreviews.org/journal/clinps...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Thin Slice Judgments in the Clinical Context Author: Ambady, Nalini, Bogart, Kathleen R., Slepian, Michael L. This is an author's peer-reviewed final manuscript, as accepted by the publisher. The published article is copyrighted by Annual Reviews and can be found at: http://www.annualreviews.org/journal/clinpsy. Title: Thin Slice Judgments in the Clinical Context Author: Ambady, Nalini, Bogart, Kathleen R., Slepian, Michael L. This is an author's peer-reviewed final manuscript, as accepted by the publisher. The published article is copyrighted by Annual Reviews and can be found at: http://www.annualreviews.org/journal/clinpsy. Close

• 30. [Article] Theory and application in a post-GISystems world

  This is the author's peer-reviewed final manuscript, as accepted by the publisher. The published article is copyrighted by Taylor & Francis and can be found at: http://www.tandfonline.com/toc/tgis20/cu...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Theory and application in a post-GISystems world Author: Wright, Dawn J. This is the author's peer-reviewed final manuscript, as accepted by the publisher. The published article is copyrighted by Taylor & Francis and can be found at: http://www.tandfonline.com/toc/tgis20/current. Title: Theory and application in a post-GISystems world Author: Wright, Dawn J. This is the author's peer-reviewed final manuscript, as accepted by the publisher. The published article is copyrighted by Taylor & Francis and can be found at: http://www.tandfonline.com/toc/tgis20/current. Close