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• 21. [Article] Biodiversity of river Ganga (India): An Environmental Economist Perspective

  Abstract only.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Biodiversity of river Ganga (India): An Environmental Economist Perspective Author: Shrivastava, Rama Shanker Abstract only. Title: Biodiversity of river Ganga (India): An Environmental Economist Perspective Author: Shrivastava, Rama Shanker Abstract only. Close

• 22. [Article] Key areas for conserving United States’ biodiversity likely threatened by future land use change

  This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the author(s) and published by the Ecological Society of America. The published article can be found at: http://www.esajournal...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Key areas for conserving United States’ biodiversity likely threatened by future land use change Author: Martinuzzi, S., Helmers, D. P., Higgins, J. V., Radeloff, V. C., Plantinga, A. J., Lewis, D. J. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the author(s) and published by the Ecological Society of America. The published article can be found at: http://www.esajournals.org/loi/ecsp. Title: Key areas for conserving United States’ biodiversity likely threatened by future land use change Author: Martinuzzi, S., Helmers, D. P., Higgins, J. V., Radeloff, V. C., Plantinga, A. J., Lewis, D. J. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the author(s) and published by the Ecological Society of America. The published article can be found at: http://www.esajournals.org/loi/ecsp. Close

• 23. [Article] Choosing efficient land allocations and forest management regimes for biodiversity

  Increasing rates of species imperilment and the loss of biological diversity in naturally functioning ecosystems can be directly linked to accelerated urban development and the conversion of natural habitats ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Choosing efficient land allocations and forest management regimes for biodiversity Author: Shunk, Neal J. Increasing rates of species imperilment and the loss of biological diversity in naturally functioning ecosystems can be directly linked to accelerated urban development and the conversion of natural habitats to satisfy the needs of man. In combating this loss of biodiversity, scientists and policy makers alike recognize the relevance of habitat conservation. This research, funded by a cooperative grant with USDA Forest Service, relies on a framework for modeling wildlife diversity presented by Montgomery et al (1999), to reveal cost effective habitat conservation strategies. Building on this earlier model, alternative forest management strategies are introduced: information that is vital to timber-based economies. 196 mammalian, reptilian, amphibian, and avian species were used to construct a biodiversity index relevant to the Muddy Creek Watershed, Benton County, Oregon. This index, comprised of a taxonomic diversity measure (May 1990) and a classic logistic viability function, measured gains in biodiversity scaled against the opportunity costs of reallocating lands to meet conservation goals. These index values and associated opportunity costs were calculated and reserved across the full range of land allocation possibilities for the watershed, and formed a marginal cost curve for biodiversity. The wildlife diversity index ranges in value from 296.19, corresponding to a high development market value maximizing solution, to 310.18 at a cost of nearly 460 million dollars, the highest attainable biodiversity index for this watershed. Forest management played an integral role in the conservation of biodiversity, whereby biodiversity maximizing solutions allocated an overwhelming percentage of forested lands to non-harvested forested reserves. Two supplementary analyses were undertaken. The first tracked changes in the biodiversity index when management strategies targeting imperiled species were specifically optimized. Land allocations favoring these species had drastic implications on the predicted populations of the remaining non-imperiled species, indicative of the need to consider a broader set of species and their related needs in future land management planning efforts. The second, examined the efficiency of the Institute for a Sustainable Environment's (ISE) high conservation land allocation projections for the year 2025, and verified the necessity of biological indicators in land planning. Title: Choosing efficient land allocations and forest management regimes for biodiversity Author: Shunk, Neal J. Increasing rates of species imperilment and the loss of biological diversity in naturally functioning ecosystems can be directly linked to accelerated urban development and the conversion of natural habitats to satisfy the needs of man. In combating this loss of biodiversity, scientists and policy makers alike recognize the relevance of habitat conservation. This research, funded by a cooperative grant with USDA Forest Service, relies on a framework for modeling wildlife diversity presented by Montgomery et al (1999), to reveal cost effective habitat conservation strategies. Building on this earlier model, alternative forest management strategies are introduced: information that is vital to timber-based economies. 196 mammalian, reptilian, amphibian, and avian species were used to construct a biodiversity index relevant to the Muddy Creek Watershed, Benton County, Oregon. This index, comprised of a taxonomic diversity measure (May 1990) and a classic logistic viability function, measured gains in biodiversity scaled against the opportunity costs of reallocating lands to meet conservation goals. These index values and associated opportunity costs were calculated and reserved across the full range of land allocation possibilities for the watershed, and formed a marginal cost curve for biodiversity. The wildlife diversity index ranges in value from 296.19, corresponding to a high development market value maximizing solution, to 310.18 at a cost of nearly 460 million dollars, the highest attainable biodiversity index for this watershed. Forest management played an integral role in the conservation of biodiversity, whereby biodiversity maximizing solutions allocated an overwhelming percentage of forested lands to non-harvested forested reserves. Two supplementary analyses were undertaken. The first tracked changes in the biodiversity index when management strategies targeting imperiled species were specifically optimized. Land allocations favoring these species had drastic implications on the predicted populations of the remaining non-imperiled species, indicative of the need to consider a broader set of species and their related needs in future land management planning efforts. The second, examined the efficiency of the Institute for a Sustainable Environment's (ISE) high conservation land allocation projections for the year 2025, and verified the necessity of biological indicators in land planning. Close

• 24. [Article] Food Sovereignty: An Alternative Paradigm for Poverty Reduction and Biodiversity Conservation in Latin America

  Strong feedback between global biodiversity loss and persistent, extreme rural poverty are major challenges in the face of concurrent food, energy, and environmental crises. This paper examines the role ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Food Sovereignty: An Alternative Paradigm for Poverty Reduction and Biodiversity Conservation in Latin America Author: Chappell, M. Jahi, Wittman, Hannah, Bacon, Christopher M., Ferguson, Bruce G., Barrios, Luis Garcia, Barrios, Raúl Garcia, Jaffee, Daniel, Lima, Jefferson, Méndez, V. Ernesto, Morales, Helda, Soto-Pinto, Lorena, Vandermeer, John, Perfecto, Ivette Year: 2013 Strong feedback between global biodiversity loss and persistent, extreme rural poverty are major challenges in the face of concurrent food, energy, and environmental crises. This paper examines the role of industrial agricultural intensification and market integration as exogenous socio-ecological drivers of biodiversity loss and poverty traps in Latin America. We then analyze the potential of a food sovereignty framework, based on protecting the viability of a diverse agroecological matrix while supporting rural livelihoods and global food production. We review several successful examples of this approach, including ecological land reform in Brazil, agroforestry, milpa, and the uses of wild varieties in smallholder systems in Mexico and Central America. We highlight emergent research directions that will be necessary to assess the potential of the food sovereignty model to promote both biodiversity conservation and poverty reduction. Title: Food Sovereignty: An Alternative Paradigm for Poverty Reduction and Biodiversity Conservation in Latin America Author: Chappell, M. Jahi, Wittman, Hannah, Bacon, Christopher M., Ferguson, Bruce G., Barrios, Luis Garcia, Barrios, Raúl Garcia, Jaffee, Daniel, Lima, Jefferson, Méndez, V. Ernesto, Morales, Helda, Soto-Pinto, Lorena, Vandermeer, John, Perfecto, Ivette Year: 2013 Strong feedback between global biodiversity loss and persistent, extreme rural poverty are major challenges in the face of concurrent food, energy, and environmental crises. This paper examines the role of industrial agricultural intensification and market integration as exogenous socio-ecological drivers of biodiversity loss and poverty traps in Latin America. We then analyze the potential of a food sovereignty framework, based on protecting the viability of a diverse agroecological matrix while supporting rural livelihoods and global food production. We review several successful examples of this approach, including ecological land reform in Brazil, agroforestry, milpa, and the uses of wild varieties in smallholder systems in Mexico and Central America. We highlight emergent research directions that will be necessary to assess the potential of the food sovereignty model to promote both biodiversity conservation and poverty reduction. Close

• 25. [Article] The PREDICTS database: a global database of how local terrestrial biodiversity responds to human impacts

  To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the author(s) ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The PREDICTS database: a global database of how local terrestrial biodiversity responds to human impacts Author: Reid, J. Leighton, Contu, Sara, Newbold, Tim, et al., Hudson, Lawrence N. To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the author(s) and published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. The published article can be found at: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/%28ISSN%292045-7758. Title: The PREDICTS database: a global database of how local terrestrial biodiversity responds to human impacts Author: Reid, J. Leighton, Contu, Sara, Newbold, Tim, et al., Hudson, Lawrence N. To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the author(s) and published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. The published article can be found at: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/%28ISSN%292045-7758. Close

• 26. [Article] The ecological consequences of the reduction of species diversity : experimental approaches

  The influence of loss of diversity on community dynamics and ecosystem functioning has recently received considerable attention. Although study of biodiversity has a long history within ecology, empirical ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The ecological consequences of the reduction of species diversity : experimental approaches Author: Allison, Gary William The influence of loss of diversity on community dynamics and ecosystem functioning has recently received considerable attention. Although study of biodiversity has a long history within ecology, empirical investigations exploring consequences of loss have been rare. Because many factors confound diversity comparisons, experimental manipulations of diversity offer the most direct way of attributing cause to diversity loss. The effects of reduction in number of species will depend on the strength and sign of species interactions affected by loss of diversity. An experiment performed on a high zone, rocky intertidal community in which macroalgal diversity was manipulated demonstrated that effects of diversity loss will be highly dependent on which species are removed. However, effects of diversity reductions were strongest at the harsh end of a stress gradient where interactions were more positive. Thus, factors that affect the strength and sign of species interactions such as the degree of physical stress may serve as a rough guide to where the effects of diversity loss will be most severe. An assessment of the influence of diversity on community response to a strong physical perturbation was performed using an experimentally-induced thermal stress. Higher diversity treatments were most strongly affected directly by the stress because such treatments had higher abundance and therefore more biomass to lose. However, those same treatments recovered more quickly from the stress. Community recovery of initially low diversity treatments was slowed by persistence of non-typical states or slow recovery of dominant species. A simulation study was performed to assess the ability of different experimental designs to detect biodiversity effects. Our ability to predict consequences of changes in diversity will be dependent on our ability to distinguish the most influential biodiversity "components" within a system. This study uncovered a phenomenon that will be common in biodiversity studies: misidentification of one biodiversity component (e. g., an effect of a keystone species) as a different component (e. g., an effect of the number of species). I call this phenomenon "aliasing." Because of the complexity of biodiversity, experiments and observational studies will be highly susceptible to aliasing and, thus, results will require careful interpretation. Title: The ecological consequences of the reduction of species diversity : experimental approaches Author: Allison, Gary William The influence of loss of diversity on community dynamics and ecosystem functioning has recently received considerable attention. Although study of biodiversity has a long history within ecology, empirical investigations exploring consequences of loss have been rare. Because many factors confound diversity comparisons, experimental manipulations of diversity offer the most direct way of attributing cause to diversity loss. The effects of reduction in number of species will depend on the strength and sign of species interactions affected by loss of diversity. An experiment performed on a high zone, rocky intertidal community in which macroalgal diversity was manipulated demonstrated that effects of diversity loss will be highly dependent on which species are removed. However, effects of diversity reductions were strongest at the harsh end of a stress gradient where interactions were more positive. Thus, factors that affect the strength and sign of species interactions such as the degree of physical stress may serve as a rough guide to where the effects of diversity loss will be most severe. An assessment of the influence of diversity on community response to a strong physical perturbation was performed using an experimentally-induced thermal stress. Higher diversity treatments were most strongly affected directly by the stress because such treatments had higher abundance and therefore more biomass to lose. However, those same treatments recovered more quickly from the stress. Community recovery of initially low diversity treatments was slowed by persistence of non-typical states or slow recovery of dominant species. A simulation study was performed to assess the ability of different experimental designs to detect biodiversity effects. Our ability to predict consequences of changes in diversity will be dependent on our ability to distinguish the most influential biodiversity "components" within a system. This study uncovered a phenomenon that will be common in biodiversity studies: misidentification of one biodiversity component (e. g., an effect of a keystone species) as a different component (e. g., an effect of the number of species). I call this phenomenon "aliasing." Because of the complexity of biodiversity, experiments and observational studies will be highly susceptible to aliasing and, thus, results will require careful interpretation. Close

• 27. [Article] Least-Cost Bycatch Reduction Through the Biodiversity Mitigation Hierarchy

  Suggested Bibliographic Reference: NAAFE Forum 2017 Proceedings, March 22-24, 2017. Compiled by Ann L. Shriver with assistance from Stefani Evers. North American Association of Fisheries Economists (NAAFE), ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Least-Cost Bycatch Reduction Through the Biodiversity Mitigation Hierarchy Author: Garcia, Serge, Squires, Dale Suggested Bibliographic Reference: NAAFE Forum 2017 Proceedings, March 22-24, 2017. Compiled by Ann L. Shriver with assistance from Stefani Evers. North American Association of Fisheries Economists (NAAFE), Corvallis, 2017. Title: Least-Cost Bycatch Reduction Through the Biodiversity Mitigation Hierarchy Author: Garcia, Serge, Squires, Dale Suggested Bibliographic Reference: NAAFE Forum 2017 Proceedings, March 22-24, 2017. Compiled by Ann L. Shriver with assistance from Stefani Evers. North American Association of Fisheries Economists (NAAFE), Corvallis, 2017. Close

• 28. [Article] Incentives for biodiversity conservation: an ecological and economic assessment

  This report is an economic and policy assessment of the biological effectiveness and economic efficiency of incentive mechanisms for private landowners to conserve U.S. biodiversity. Its focus is on rural ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Incentives for biodiversity conservation: an ecological and economic assessment Author: Defenders of Wildlife This report is an economic and policy assessment of the biological effectiveness and economic efficiency of incentive mechanisms for private landowners to conserve U.S. biodiversity. Its focus is on rural lands that tend to be used for forestry, agriculture and residential purposes. Title: Incentives for biodiversity conservation: an ecological and economic assessment Author: Defenders of Wildlife This report is an economic and policy assessment of the biological effectiveness and economic efficiency of incentive mechanisms for private landowners to conserve U.S. biodiversity. Its focus is on rural lands that tend to be used for forestry, agriculture and residential purposes. Close

• 29. [Article] Green Roofs Support a Wide Diversity of Collembola in Urban Portland, Oregon

  Green roofs can help address habitat loss in urban areas by supporting plant and animal communities. To determine whether green roofs can support collembola biodiversity, we collected pitfall samples from ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Green Roofs Support a Wide Diversity of Collembola in Urban Portland, Oregon Author: Miziolek, Konrad Year: 2015 Green roofs can help address habitat loss in urban areas by supporting plant and animal communities. To determine whether green roofs can support collembola biodiversity, we collected pitfall samples from April-June 2015 on two extensive and two intensive green roofs in urban Portland, Oregon. Twenty morphospecies were found across the roofs, indicating that green roofs support a diversity of collembola taxa. The intensive roofs were more biodiverse than the extensive, though roof type may not be the most significant factor affecting collembolan biodiversity. Each of the four green roofs were characterized by a different and unique most dominant morphospecies, and, indeed, each roof possessed a different set of top-three abundant collembola taxa. While green roofs support moderate collembola diversity, preserving natural habitat is important to maintain species richness. Title: Green Roofs Support a Wide Diversity of Collembola in Urban Portland, Oregon Author: Miziolek, Konrad Year: 2015 Green roofs can help address habitat loss in urban areas by supporting plant and animal communities. To determine whether green roofs can support collembola biodiversity, we collected pitfall samples from April-June 2015 on two extensive and two intensive green roofs in urban Portland, Oregon. Twenty morphospecies were found across the roofs, indicating that green roofs support a diversity of collembola taxa. The intensive roofs were more biodiverse than the extensive, though roof type may not be the most significant factor affecting collembolan biodiversity. Each of the four green roofs were characterized by a different and unique most dominant morphospecies, and, indeed, each roof possessed a different set of top-three abundant collembola taxa. While green roofs support moderate collembola diversity, preserving natural habitat is important to maintain species richness. Close

• 30. [Article] Caribbean_larval_fish_project_Eric_Post.pdf

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Caribbean_larval_fish_project_Eric_Post.pdf Author: Post, Eric J. Title: Caribbean_larval_fish_project_Eric_Post.pdf Author: Post, Eric J. Close