Search

Search Results

• 41. [Article] Neoliberal and Neo-Communal Herring Fisheries in Southeast Alaska: Reframing Sustainability in Marine Ecosystems

  The transformation of Pacific herring (Clupea pallasii) fisheries from communal to commons to neoliberal regulation has had significant impacts on the health and sustainability of marine ecosystems on ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Neoliberal and Neo-Communal Herring Fisheries in Southeast Alaska: Reframing Sustainability in Marine Ecosystems Author: Thornton, Thomas F., Hebert, Jamie Year: 2015 The transformation of Pacific herring (Clupea pallasii) fisheries from communal to commons to neoliberal regulation has had significant impacts on the health and sustainability of marine ecosystems on the Northwest Coast of North America. Due to their abundance, seasonality, and sensitivity in disturbance, herring were carefully cultivated and protected by coastal Tlingit, Haida, and Tsimshian communities. The early industrial fishing era undermined this communalist approach in favor of an unregulated commons for bait and reduction fisheries, attracting non-local fleets and leading to conflicts with local Natives and tragedy of the commons style overexploitation of herring stocks by the mid-twentieth century. Since the 1970s, a re-regulated neoliberal sac roe fishery for Japanese markets has provided new opportunities for limited commercial permit holders, but with further depredations on local spawning populations. This paper uses frame theory and historical and political ecology to show how this transformation was justified by three critical but dubious (re)framings of Southeast herring populations under modern scientific management: (1) a reductionist framing of single species productivity models, expressed as herring “biomass,” within space and time (baseline scale framing); (2) the selective framing and privileging of human industrial predation under maximum sustainable yield (MSY) within a dynamic ecosystem of multiple predator populations (actor relations framing); and (3) the strategic framing of spawning failure events and policy responses to those events by professional fisheries managers (event–response framing). Finally, the paper argues for a new social–ecological systems approach, based on aboriginal models of herring cultivation, to sustain a commercial, subsistence, and restoration economy for the fishery. Title: Neoliberal and Neo-Communal Herring Fisheries in Southeast Alaska: Reframing Sustainability in Marine Ecosystems Author: Thornton, Thomas F., Hebert, Jamie Year: 2015 The transformation of Pacific herring (Clupea pallasii) fisheries from communal to commons to neoliberal regulation has had significant impacts on the health and sustainability of marine ecosystems on the Northwest Coast of North America. Due to their abundance, seasonality, and sensitivity in disturbance, herring were carefully cultivated and protected by coastal Tlingit, Haida, and Tsimshian communities. The early industrial fishing era undermined this communalist approach in favor of an unregulated commons for bait and reduction fisheries, attracting non-local fleets and leading to conflicts with local Natives and tragedy of the commons style overexploitation of herring stocks by the mid-twentieth century. Since the 1970s, a re-regulated neoliberal sac roe fishery for Japanese markets has provided new opportunities for limited commercial permit holders, but with further depredations on local spawning populations. This paper uses frame theory and historical and political ecology to show how this transformation was justified by three critical but dubious (re)framings of Southeast herring populations under modern scientific management: (1) a reductionist framing of single species productivity models, expressed as herring “biomass,” within space and time (baseline scale framing); (2) the selective framing and privileging of human industrial predation under maximum sustainable yield (MSY) within a dynamic ecosystem of multiple predator populations (actor relations framing); and (3) the strategic framing of spawning failure events and policy responses to those events by professional fisheries managers (event–response framing). Finally, the paper argues for a new social–ecological systems approach, based on aboriginal models of herring cultivation, to sustain a commercial, subsistence, and restoration economy for the fishery. Close

• 42. [Article] Recovering Fisheries from Crisis or Collapse: How to Shorten Impact Time of International Research Cooperation

  Research Paper

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Recovering Fisheries from Crisis or Collapse: How to Shorten Impact Time of International Research Cooperation Author: Failler, Pierre, Christensen, Villy, Opitz, Silvia, Nauen, Cornelia E., Thatje, Sven Research Paper Title: Recovering Fisheries from Crisis or Collapse: How to Shorten Impact Time of International Research Cooperation Author: Failler, Pierre, Christensen, Villy, Opitz, Silvia, Nauen, Cornelia E., Thatje, Sven Research Paper Close

• 43. [Article] Can Catch Shares Prevent Fisheries Collapse?

  Abstract only.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Can Catch Shares Prevent Fisheries Collapse? Author: Gaines, Steve, Costello, Chris, Lynham, John Abstract only. Title: Can Catch Shares Prevent Fisheries Collapse? Author: Gaines, Steve, Costello, Chris, Lynham, John Abstract only. Close

• 44. [Article] Status of the Pacific Coast Coastal Pelagic Species Fishery and Recommended Acceptable Biological Catches

  Abstract -- The Guidelines for Fishery Management Plans (FMPs) published by the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) require that a stock assessment and fishery evaluation (SAFE) report be prepared ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Status of the Pacific Coast Coastal Pelagic Species Fishery and Recommended Acceptable Biological Catches Abstract -- The Guidelines for Fishery Management Plans (FMPs) published by the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) require that a stock assessment and fishery evaluation (SAFE) report be prepared and reviewed annually for each FMP. SAFE reports are intended to summarize the best available scientific information concerning the past, present, and possible future condition of the stocks, marine ecosystems, and fisheries being managed under federal regulation. Regional Fishery Management Councils use this information to determine annual harvest levels for each stock; document significant trends or changes in the resources, marine ecosystems, and fishery over time; and assess the relative success of existing state and federal fishery management programs. This is the eight Status of the Pacific Coast Coastal Pelagic Species Fishery SAFE document prepared for the Pacific Fishery Management Council (Council). Following NMFS guidelines, the purpose of this report is to briefly summarize aspects of the coastal pelagic species (CPS) FMP and to describe the history of the fishery and its management. Species managed under this FMP include: Pacific sardine (Sardinops sagax), Pacific mackerel (Scomber japonicus), northern anchovy (Engraulis mordax), jack mackerel (Trachurus symmetricus), and market squid (Loligo opalescens). The SAFE report for Pacific Coast CPS fisheries was developed by the Council’s Coastal Pelagic Species Management Team (CPSMT) from information contributed by scientists at NMFS, Southwest Fisheries Science Center (SWFSC), California Department of Fish and Game (CDFG), Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (ODFW), and Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife (WDFW). Included in this report are descriptions of landings, fishing patterns, estimates of the status of stocks (including stock assessments for Pacific sardine and Pacific mackerel, Appendix 1 and Appendix 2), and acceptable biological catches (ABCs). The ABC recommendations, together with social and economic factors, are considered by the Council in determining annual harvest guidelines and other measures for actively managed fisheries (i.e., Pacific mackerel and Pacific sardine). Title: Status of the Pacific Coast Coastal Pelagic Species Fishery and Recommended Acceptable Biological Catches Abstract -- The Guidelines for Fishery Management Plans (FMPs) published by the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) require that a stock assessment and fishery evaluation (SAFE) report be prepared and reviewed annually for each FMP. SAFE reports are intended to summarize the best available scientific information concerning the past, present, and possible future condition of the stocks, marine ecosystems, and fisheries being managed under federal regulation. Regional Fishery Management Councils use this information to determine annual harvest levels for each stock; document significant trends or changes in the resources, marine ecosystems, and fishery over time; and assess the relative success of existing state and federal fishery management programs. This is the eight Status of the Pacific Coast Coastal Pelagic Species Fishery SAFE document prepared for the Pacific Fishery Management Council (Council). Following NMFS guidelines, the purpose of this report is to briefly summarize aspects of the coastal pelagic species (CPS) FMP and to describe the history of the fishery and its management. Species managed under this FMP include: Pacific sardine (Sardinops sagax), Pacific mackerel (Scomber japonicus), northern anchovy (Engraulis mordax), jack mackerel (Trachurus symmetricus), and market squid (Loligo opalescens). The SAFE report for Pacific Coast CPS fisheries was developed by the Council’s Coastal Pelagic Species Management Team (CPSMT) from information contributed by scientists at NMFS, Southwest Fisheries Science Center (SWFSC), California Department of Fish and Game (CDFG), Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (ODFW), and Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife (WDFW). Included in this report are descriptions of landings, fishing patterns, estimates of the status of stocks (including stock assessments for Pacific sardine and Pacific mackerel, Appendix 1 and Appendix 2), and acceptable biological catches (ABCs). The ABC recommendations, together with social and economic factors, are considered by the Council in determining annual harvest guidelines and other measures for actively managed fisheries (i.e., Pacific mackerel and Pacific sardine). Close

• 45. [Article] The science of European marine reserves: Status, efficacy, and future needs

  This is the author's peer-reviewed final manuscript, as accepted by the publisher. The published article is copyrighted by Elsevier and can be found at: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/marine-policy/....

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The science of European marine reserves: Status, efficacy, and future needs Author: Lester, Sarah E., Sorensen, Thomas K., Fenberg, Phillip B., Guidetti, Paolo, McAllen, Rob, Claudet, Joachim, Planes, Serge, Garcia-Charton, Jose Antonio, Gaines, Steven D., Grorud-Colvert, Kirsten, Jenkins, Stuart R., Jones, Peter J. S., Goncalves, Emanuel J., Moland, Even, Caselle, Jennifer E., Clemence, Michaela This is the author's peer-reviewed final manuscript, as accepted by the publisher. The published article is copyrighted by Elsevier and can be found at: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/marine-policy/. Title: The science of European marine reserves: Status, efficacy, and future needs Author: Lester, Sarah E., Sorensen, Thomas K., Fenberg, Phillip B., Guidetti, Paolo, McAllen, Rob, Claudet, Joachim, Planes, Serge, Garcia-Charton, Jose Antonio, Gaines, Steven D., Grorud-Colvert, Kirsten, Jenkins, Stuart R., Jones, Peter J. S., Goncalves, Emanuel J., Moland, Even, Caselle, Jennifer E., Clemence, Michaela This is the author's peer-reviewed final manuscript, as accepted by the publisher. The published article is copyrighted by Elsevier and can be found at: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/marine-policy/. Close

• 46. [Article] Lower Columbia River Aquatic Nonindigenous Species Survey 2001-2004

  Rates of aquatic nonindigenous species (ANS) introductions and their social, economic, and ecological impacts are increasing. Introductions of nonnative marine organisms have increased exponentially over ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Lower Columbia River Aquatic Nonindigenous Species Survey 2001-2004 Author: Sytsma, Mark, Cordell, Jeffery, Chapman, John, Draheim, Robyn Year: 2004 Rates of aquatic nonindigenous species (ANS) introductions and their social, economic, and ecological impacts are increasing. Introductions of nonnative marine organisms have increased exponentially over the last two centuries and expenditures on outreach, control, and research exceed millions of dollars per species for several invaders of particular concern to the United States. These trends suggest that major changes are occurring in the freshwater, estuarine, and marine ecosystems of North America, but their magnitude is probably underestimated. Title: Lower Columbia River Aquatic Nonindigenous Species Survey 2001-2004 Author: Sytsma, Mark, Cordell, Jeffery, Chapman, John, Draheim, Robyn Year: 2004 Rates of aquatic nonindigenous species (ANS) introductions and their social, economic, and ecological impacts are increasing. Introductions of nonnative marine organisms have increased exponentially over the last two centuries and expenditures on outreach, control, and research exceed millions of dollars per species for several invaders of particular concern to the United States. These trends suggest that major changes are occurring in the freshwater, estuarine, and marine ecosystems of North America, but their magnitude is probably underestimated. Close

• 47. [Article] Guide for valuing marine ecosystem services to support nearshore management in Oregon

  This archived document is maintained by the Oregon State Library as part of the Oregon Documents Depository Program. It is for informational purposes and may not be suitable for legal purposes.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Guide for valuing marine ecosystem services to support nearshore management in Oregon This archived document is maintained by the Oregon State Library as part of the Oregon Documents Depository Program. It is for informational purposes and may not be suitable for legal purposes. Title: Guide for valuing marine ecosystem services to support nearshore management in Oregon This archived document is maintained by the Oregon State Library as part of the Oregon Documents Depository Program. It is for informational purposes and may not be suitable for legal purposes. Close

• 48. [Article] Information Needs Assessment for Coastal and Marine Management and Policy: Ecosystem Services Under Changing Climatic, Land Use, and Demographic Conditions

  Changing climatic, demographic, and land use conditions are projected to alter the provisioning of ecosystem services in estuarine, coastal, and nearshore marine ecosystems, necessitating mitigation and ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Information Needs Assessment for Coastal and Marine Management and Policy: Ecosystem Services Under Changing Climatic, Land Use, and Demographic Conditions Author: Goldsmith, Kaitlin, Granek, Elise F., Lubitow, Amy Year: 2015 Changing climatic, demographic, and land use conditions are projected to alter the provisioning of ecosystem services in estuarine, coastal, and nearshore marine ecosystems, necessitating mitigation and adaptation policies and management. The current paradigm of research efforts occurring in parallel to, rather than in collaboration with, decision makers will be insufficient for the rapid responses required to adapt to and mitigate for projected changing conditions. Here, we suggest a different paradigm: one where research begins by engaging decision makers in the identification of priority data needs (biophysical, economic, and social). This paper uses synthesized interview data to provide insight into the varied demands for scientific research as described by decision makers working on coastal issues in Oregon, USA. The findings highlight the need to recognize (1) the differing framing of ecosystem services by decision makers versus scientists; and (2) the differing data priorities relevant to inland versus coastal decision makers. The findings further serve to highlight the need for decision makers, scientists, and funders to engage in increased communication. This research is an important first step in advancing efforts toward evidence-based decision making in Oregon and provides a template for further research across the US. Title: Information Needs Assessment for Coastal and Marine Management and Policy: Ecosystem Services Under Changing Climatic, Land Use, and Demographic Conditions Author: Goldsmith, Kaitlin, Granek, Elise F., Lubitow, Amy Year: 2015 Changing climatic, demographic, and land use conditions are projected to alter the provisioning of ecosystem services in estuarine, coastal, and nearshore marine ecosystems, necessitating mitigation and adaptation policies and management. The current paradigm of research efforts occurring in parallel to, rather than in collaboration with, decision makers will be insufficient for the rapid responses required to adapt to and mitigate for projected changing conditions. Here, we suggest a different paradigm: one where research begins by engaging decision makers in the identification of priority data needs (biophysical, economic, and social). This paper uses synthesized interview data to provide insight into the varied demands for scientific research as described by decision makers working on coastal issues in Oregon, USA. The findings highlight the need to recognize (1) the differing framing of ecosystem services by decision makers versus scientists; and (2) the differing data priorities relevant to inland versus coastal decision makers. The findings further serve to highlight the need for decision makers, scientists, and funders to engage in increased communication. This research is an important first step in advancing efforts toward evidence-based decision making in Oregon and provides a template for further research across the US. Close

• 49. [Article] Evaluating tradeoffs among ecosystem services to inform marine spatial planning

  This is an author's peer-reviewed final manuscript, as accepted by the publisher. The published article is copyrighted by Elsevier and can be found at: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/marine-policy/.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Evaluating tradeoffs among ecosystem services to inform marine spatial planning Author: Gaines, Steven D., Halpern, Benjamin S., Lester, Sarah E., Barth, John A., White, Crow, Costello, Christopher This is an author's peer-reviewed final manuscript, as accepted by the publisher. The published article is copyrighted by Elsevier and can be found at: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/marine-policy/. Title: Evaluating tradeoffs among ecosystem services to inform marine spatial planning Author: Gaines, Steven D., Halpern, Benjamin S., Lester, Sarah E., Barth, John A., White, Crow, Costello, Christopher This is an author's peer-reviewed final manuscript, as accepted by the publisher. The published article is copyrighted by Elsevier and can be found at: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/marine-policy/. Close

• 50. [Article] Implementing Ecosystem Management in International Fisheries Organizations Through Adaptive Management: The Potential for Future Change

  Research Paper

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Implementing Ecosystem Management in International Fisheries Organizations Through Adaptive Management: The Potential for Future Change Author: Mossop, Joanna Research Paper Title: Implementing Ecosystem Management in International Fisheries Organizations Through Adaptive Management: The Potential for Future Change Author: Mossop, Joanna Research Paper Close

• 51. [Article] An evaluation of the establishment and continued effectiveness of the Galápagos National Park and Marine Reserve in Ecuador

  Conservation of natural resources has become a new watchword of the scientific community. While many terrestrial ecosystems are well protected, marine ecosystems have only recently come to the forefront. ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: An evaluation of the establishment and continued effectiveness of the Galápagos National Park and Marine Reserve in Ecuador Author: Asson, Danielle Conservation of natural resources has become a new watchword of the scientific community. While many terrestrial ecosystems are well protected, marine ecosystems have only recently come to the forefront. Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) have been introduced as a means of protecting biodiversity, commercial stocks, and ecosystem services. There are many social, ecological, and economic considerations to be addressed for a marine reserve to be effective from a biological and social perspective. In 1998 the Special Law of the Galápagos created the Galápagos Marine Reserve, and instituted a participatory management scheme for local and governmental cooperation in management. The foundations of the Special Law are strong, however many problems plague the islands, including rapid growth of the population and the tourism industry, and a great deal of non-compliance with reserve regulations in the form of violent protests and illegal fisheries. Feelings of legitimacy must be fostered among the local populations through significant improvements in education to enhance stakeholder participation, and increased funding to the National Park to allow for effective enforcement of the regulations. Increasing visitor fees is a potential source of new income to be used for park management and improving local resources, especially education. Title: An evaluation of the establishment and continued effectiveness of the Galápagos National Park and Marine Reserve in Ecuador Author: Asson, Danielle Conservation of natural resources has become a new watchword of the scientific community. While many terrestrial ecosystems are well protected, marine ecosystems have only recently come to the forefront. Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) have been introduced as a means of protecting biodiversity, commercial stocks, and ecosystem services. There are many social, ecological, and economic considerations to be addressed for a marine reserve to be effective from a biological and social perspective. In 1998 the Special Law of the Galápagos created the Galápagos Marine Reserve, and instituted a participatory management scheme for local and governmental cooperation in management. The foundations of the Special Law are strong, however many problems plague the islands, including rapid growth of the population and the tourism industry, and a great deal of non-compliance with reserve regulations in the form of violent protests and illegal fisheries. Feelings of legitimacy must be fostered among the local populations through significant improvements in education to enhance stakeholder participation, and increased funding to the National Park to allow for effective enforcement of the regulations. Increasing visitor fees is a potential source of new income to be used for park management and improving local resources, especially education. Close

• 52. [Article] Under the Sea: An evaluation of the establishment and continued effectiveness of the Galápagos National Park and Marine Reserve in Ecuador

  Conservation of natural resources has become a new watchword of the scientific community. While many terrestrial ecosystems are well protected, marine ecosystems have only recently come to the forefront. ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Under the Sea: An evaluation of the establishment and continued effectiveness of the Galápagos National Park and Marine Reserve in Ecuador Author: Asson, Danielle C. Conservation of natural resources has become a new watchword of the scientific community. While many terrestrial ecosystems are well protected, marine ecosystems have only recently come to the forefront. Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) have been introduced as a means of protecting biodiversity, commercial stocks, and ecosystem services. There are many social, ecological, and economic considerations to be addressed for a marine reserve to be effective from a biological and social perspective. In 1998 the Special Law of the Galápagos created the Galápagos Marine Reserve, and instituted a participatory management scheme for local and governmental cooperation in management. The foundations of the Special Law are strong, however many problems plague the islands, including rapid growth of the population and the tourism industry, and a great deal of non-compliance with reserve regulations in the form of violent protests and illegal fisheries. Feelings of legitimacy must be fostered among the local populations through significant improvements in education to enhance stakeholder participation, and increased funding to the National Park to allow for effective enforcement of the regulations. Increasing visitor fees is a potential source of new income to be used for park management and improving local resources, especially education. Title: Under the Sea: An evaluation of the establishment and continued effectiveness of the Galápagos National Park and Marine Reserve in Ecuador Author: Asson, Danielle C. Conservation of natural resources has become a new watchword of the scientific community. While many terrestrial ecosystems are well protected, marine ecosystems have only recently come to the forefront. Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) have been introduced as a means of protecting biodiversity, commercial stocks, and ecosystem services. There are many social, ecological, and economic considerations to be addressed for a marine reserve to be effective from a biological and social perspective. In 1998 the Special Law of the Galápagos created the Galápagos Marine Reserve, and instituted a participatory management scheme for local and governmental cooperation in management. The foundations of the Special Law are strong, however many problems plague the islands, including rapid growth of the population and the tourism industry, and a great deal of non-compliance with reserve regulations in the form of violent protests and illegal fisheries. Feelings of legitimacy must be fostered among the local populations through significant improvements in education to enhance stakeholder participation, and increased funding to the National Park to allow for effective enforcement of the regulations. Increasing visitor fees is a potential source of new income to be used for park management and improving local resources, especially education. Close

• 53. [Article] Marine Reserves and Marine Protected Areas: A Case Study in Oregon and a Proposed National Model for Design and Implementation

  In this report, I examine the process of establishing marine reserves and marine protected areas both from a national and a state perspective. In order to do so, I have investigated the implementation ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Marine Reserves and Marine Protected Areas: A Case Study in Oregon and a Proposed National Model for Design and Implementation Author: Perry, Alex In this report, I examine the process of establishing marine reserves and marine protected areas both from a national and a state perspective. In order to do so, I have investigated the implementation process currently underway in Oregon. Specifically, I have chosen to perform a case study of the process at Redfish Rocks Marine Reserve and Marine Protected Area. I chose this example because of the commendable approach taken by the community of Port Orford in proposing their site and performing extensive baseline data collection in submitting their proposal. The Port Orford community demonstrated great marine resource stewardship and a forward‐minded approach to conservation and sustainability for their living marine resources in putting together their submission. Finally, the goal of this paper is to present the lessons learned in the form of a proposed template for communities and fisheries managers to follow in the proposal and implementation process of designating and establishing marine reserves and marine protected areas both locally and nationally. It is my hope that such a proposal could be used to standardize a national approach to designation and implementation across Regional Fishery Management Councils (RFMCs) and their associated regional marine ecosystems within the United States. Title: Marine Reserves and Marine Protected Areas: A Case Study in Oregon and a Proposed National Model for Design and Implementation Author: Perry, Alex In this report, I examine the process of establishing marine reserves and marine protected areas both from a national and a state perspective. In order to do so, I have investigated the implementation process currently underway in Oregon. Specifically, I have chosen to perform a case study of the process at Redfish Rocks Marine Reserve and Marine Protected Area. I chose this example because of the commendable approach taken by the community of Port Orford in proposing their site and performing extensive baseline data collection in submitting their proposal. The Port Orford community demonstrated great marine resource stewardship and a forward‐minded approach to conservation and sustainability for their living marine resources in putting together their submission. Finally, the goal of this paper is to present the lessons learned in the form of a proposed template for communities and fisheries managers to follow in the proposal and implementation process of designating and establishing marine reserves and marine protected areas both locally and nationally. It is my hope that such a proposal could be used to standardize a national approach to designation and implementation across Regional Fishery Management Councils (RFMCs) and their associated regional marine ecosystems within the United States. Close

• 54. [Article] Modeling the impact of declining sea ice on the Arctic marine planktonic ecosystem

  We have developed a coupled 3‐D pan‐Arctic biology/sea ice/ocean model to investigate the impact of declining Arctic sea ice on the marine planktonic ecosystem over 1988–2007. The biophysical model results ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Modeling the impact of declining sea ice on the Arctic marine planktonic ecosystem Author: Zhang, Jinlun, Ashjian, Carin, Campbell, Robert, Steele, Michael, Matrai, Patricia, Berline, Léo, Spitz, Yvette H. We have developed a coupled 3‐D pan‐Arctic biology/sea ice/ocean model to investigate the impact of declining Arctic sea ice on the marine planktonic ecosystem over 1988–2007. The biophysical model results agree with satellite observations of a generally downward trend in summer sea ice extent during 1988–2007, resulting in an increase in the simulated photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) at the ocean surface and marine primary productivity (PP) in the upper 100 m over open water areas of the Arctic Ocean. The simulated Arctic sea ice thickness has decreased steadily during 1988–2007, leading to an increase in PAR and PP in sea ice‐covered areas. The simulated total PAR in all areas of the Arctic Ocean has increased by 43%, from 146 TW in 1988 to 209 TW in 2007; the corresponding total PP has increased by 50%, from 456 Tg C yr−1 in 1988 to 682 Tg C yr−1 in 2007. The simulated PAR and PP increases mainly occur in the seasonally and permanently ice‐covered Arctic Ocean. In addition to increasing PAR, the decline in sea ice tends to increase the nutrient availability in the euphotic zone by enhancing air‐sea momentum transfer, leading to strengthened upwelling and mixing in the water column and therefore increased nutrient input into the upper ocean layers from below. The increasing nutrient availability also contributes to the increase in the simulated PP, even though significant surface nutrient drawdown in summer is simulated. In conjunction with increasing surface absorption of solar radiation and rising surface air temperature, the increasing surface water temperature in the Arctic Ocean peripheral seas further contributes to the increase in PP. As PP has increased, so has the simulated biomass of phytoplankton and zooplankton. Title: Modeling the impact of declining sea ice on the Arctic marine planktonic ecosystem Author: Zhang, Jinlun, Ashjian, Carin, Campbell, Robert, Steele, Michael, Matrai, Patricia, Berline, Léo, Spitz, Yvette H. We have developed a coupled 3‐D pan‐Arctic biology/sea ice/ocean model to investigate the impact of declining Arctic sea ice on the marine planktonic ecosystem over 1988–2007. The biophysical model results agree with satellite observations of a generally downward trend in summer sea ice extent during 1988–2007, resulting in an increase in the simulated photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) at the ocean surface and marine primary productivity (PP) in the upper 100 m over open water areas of the Arctic Ocean. The simulated Arctic sea ice thickness has decreased steadily during 1988–2007, leading to an increase in PAR and PP in sea ice‐covered areas. The simulated total PAR in all areas of the Arctic Ocean has increased by 43%, from 146 TW in 1988 to 209 TW in 2007; the corresponding total PP has increased by 50%, from 456 Tg C yr−1 in 1988 to 682 Tg C yr−1 in 2007. The simulated PAR and PP increases mainly occur in the seasonally and permanently ice‐covered Arctic Ocean. In addition to increasing PAR, the decline in sea ice tends to increase the nutrient availability in the euphotic zone by enhancing air‐sea momentum transfer, leading to strengthened upwelling and mixing in the water column and therefore increased nutrient input into the upper ocean layers from below. The increasing nutrient availability also contributes to the increase in the simulated PP, even though significant surface nutrient drawdown in summer is simulated. In conjunction with increasing surface absorption of solar radiation and rising surface air temperature, the increasing surface water temperature in the Arctic Ocean peripheral seas further contributes to the increase in PP. As PP has increased, so has the simulated biomass of phytoplankton and zooplankton. Close

• 55. [Article] MicroSoar : a high speed microstructure profiling system

  As ocean ecosystems continue to deteriorate in the face of human induced pressures, marine management professionals are increasingly being urged to predict the impacts of various activities on ocean ecosystems. ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: MicroSoar : a high speed microstructure profiling system Author: May, Glenn H. As ocean ecosystems continue to deteriorate in the face of human induced pressures, marine management professionals are increasingly being urged to predict the impacts of various activities on ocean ecosystems. Many ecosystem interactions are still not adequately understood, so managers often turn to scientists to provide data and analysis on impacts resulting from specific actions. One important physical ocean process in need of more empirical data is microscale turbulence. Because it is responsible for mixing across isopycnal surfaces in stratified waters, turbulence is important in many physical, chemical and biological processes in the ocean. An elementary description of turbulence and mixing is presented along with a summary of the role of turbulence in marine ecosystems. In order to be of use to scientists, turbulence must be measured over large areas of the ocean. This paper presents a discussion of techniques for measuring turbulence. Measurements of turbulence are specialized and costly. A new microstructure data acqusition system was developed to acquire microstructure data eight times faster than present methods allow. The design details of the high-speed microstructure data acquisition system called MicroSoar are presented along with some preliminary data obtained from its deployment on actual cruises. Title: MicroSoar : a high speed microstructure profiling system Author: May, Glenn H. As ocean ecosystems continue to deteriorate in the face of human induced pressures, marine management professionals are increasingly being urged to predict the impacts of various activities on ocean ecosystems. Many ecosystem interactions are still not adequately understood, so managers often turn to scientists to provide data and analysis on impacts resulting from specific actions. One important physical ocean process in need of more empirical data is microscale turbulence. Because it is responsible for mixing across isopycnal surfaces in stratified waters, turbulence is important in many physical, chemical and biological processes in the ocean. An elementary description of turbulence and mixing is presented along with a summary of the role of turbulence in marine ecosystems. In order to be of use to scientists, turbulence must be measured over large areas of the ocean. This paper presents a discussion of techniques for measuring turbulence. Measurements of turbulence are specialized and costly. A new microstructure data acqusition system was developed to acquire microstructure data eight times faster than present methods allow. The design details of the high-speed microstructure data acquisition system called MicroSoar are presented along with some preliminary data obtained from its deployment on actual cruises. Close

• 56. [Article] Confronting the implementation of marine ecosystem-based management within the European Common Fisheries Policy Reform

  Abstract Only

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Confronting the implementation of marine ecosystem-based management within the European Common Fisheries Policy Reform Author: Curtin, Richard, Prellezo, Raul Abstract Only Title: Confronting the implementation of marine ecosystem-based management within the European Common Fisheries Policy Reform Author: Curtin, Richard, Prellezo, Raul Abstract Only Close

• 57. [Article] Underwater acoustic measurements of the WET-NZ device at Oregon State University’s ocean test facility

  Potential impacts from sound transmitted by wave energy conversion (WEC) devices on marine ecosystems are not well understood and remain an important environmental concern for the developing marine hydrokinetic ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Underwater acoustic measurements of the WET-NZ device at Oregon State University’s ocean test facility Author: Haxel, Joseph Potential impacts from sound transmitted by wave energy conversion (WEC) devices on marine ecosystems are not well understood and remain an important environmental concern for the developing marine hydrokinetic renewable energy industry. On August 22, 2012 the Northwest National Marine Renewable Energy Center (NNMREC) began a test deployment of a WEC device at Oregon State University’s ocean test facility (OTF) off the coast of Newport, Oregon (figure 1). The operational Wave Energy Technologies – New Zealand (WET-NZ) device provides the first opportunity to measure acoustic changes in the ambient sound field resulting from WEC technology testing at NNMREC’s mobile OTF. The main objective of the acoustic measurements included in this initial report is to determine if the WET-NZ device under test transmits acoustic energy above National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) marine mammal harassment thresholds. Title: Underwater acoustic measurements of the WET-NZ device at Oregon State University’s ocean test facility Author: Haxel, Joseph Potential impacts from sound transmitted by wave energy conversion (WEC) devices on marine ecosystems are not well understood and remain an important environmental concern for the developing marine hydrokinetic renewable energy industry. On August 22, 2012 the Northwest National Marine Renewable Energy Center (NNMREC) began a test deployment of a WEC device at Oregon State University’s ocean test facility (OTF) off the coast of Newport, Oregon (figure 1). The operational Wave Energy Technologies – New Zealand (WET-NZ) device provides the first opportunity to measure acoustic changes in the ambient sound field resulting from WEC technology testing at NNMREC’s mobile OTF. The main objective of the acoustic measurements included in this initial report is to determine if the WET-NZ device under test transmits acoustic energy above National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) marine mammal harassment thresholds. Close

• 58. [Article] Climate Change Effects on the Economics and Management of World Fisheries

  Abstract Only

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Climate Change Effects on the Economics and Management of World Fisheries Author: Hotte, Ngaio, Sumaila, Rashid Abstract Only Title: Climate Change Effects on the Economics and Management of World Fisheries Author: Hotte, Ngaio, Sumaila, Rashid Abstract Only Close

• 59. [Article] Cointegration: A tool for Ecosystem-Based Conservation and Management of Fisheries

  Abstract only.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Cointegration: A tool for Ecosystem-Based Conservation and Management of Fisheries Author: Fissel, Ben, Carson, Richard, Schlenker, Wolfram Abstract only. Title: Cointegration: A tool for Ecosystem-Based Conservation and Management of Fisheries Author: Fissel, Ben, Carson, Richard, Schlenker, Wolfram Abstract only. Close

• 60. [Article] Changes in a seafood market: substitution and elasticity of fish categories behavior in SE Brazil

  Poster session.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Changes in a seafood market: substitution and elasticity of fish categories behavior in SE Brazil Author: Gasalla, Maria A., Pincinato, Ruth B. M. Poster session. Title: Changes in a seafood market: substitution and elasticity of fish categories behavior in SE Brazil Author: Gasalla, Maria A., Pincinato, Ruth B. M. Poster session. Close