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• 41. [Article] Individual Habitat Quotas for Fisheries

  Research Paper

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Individual Habitat Quotas for Fisheries Author: Holland, Daniel S., Schnier, Kurt E. Research Paper Title: Individual Habitat Quotas for Fisheries Author: Holland, Daniel S., Schnier, Kurt E. Research Paper Close

• 42. [Article] An economic analysis of alternative water allocations and habitat investments for anadromous fish production, John Day Basin, Oregon

  This thesis focuses on the economic efficiency of alternative habitat, streamfiow, and land use allocations within a major drainage of the Pacific Northwest. Specifically, productivity of present habitat and ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: An economic analysis of alternative water allocations and habitat investments for anadromous fish production, John Day Basin, Oregon Author: Cerda, Arcadio Alberto This thesis focuses on the economic efficiency of alternative habitat, streamfiow, and land use allocations within a major drainage of the Pacific Northwest. Specifically, productivity of present habitat and streamfiow conditions is evaluated with respect to anadromous fish species (chinook salmon and steelhead trout) in the John Day River Basin, a high-desert system in the Pacific Northwest. Alternative water allocations and fish habitat enhancements to improve anadromous fish productivity are also examined. This biophysical information is combined with economics concepts to evaluate comparative benefits and economic efficiency of selected technically feasible habitat/streamflow alternatives. The John Day River Basin is used as a case study because it provides one of the most significant runs of wild summer steelhead trout and spring chinook salmon in the Columbia River Basin. Specific categories of alternative enhancements included water transfers to instream flow, habitat vegetation improvements, and habitat structural measures. The benefits of changes in fish numbers are valued through the travel cost method. Costs of habitat investments are derived from a synthesis of cost data for similar investments for the region. For most lower-reach stream sections, benefits of habitat investments/streamflow alternatives do not equal costs. However, changes in water allocations and habitat do appear economically efficient to some upper reaches. The main results suggest that economic efficiency varies greatly within the system, indicating the need for site-specific proposals for streamfiow or habitat alterations within this or similar high desert streams. In addition to providing preliminary estimates of the economic efficency of streamfiow and habitat investments, this thesis serves as a methodological template for future integrated bioeconomic evaluations of water and fishery management issues. Title: An economic analysis of alternative water allocations and habitat investments for anadromous fish production, John Day Basin, Oregon Author: Cerda, Arcadio Alberto This thesis focuses on the economic efficiency of alternative habitat, streamfiow, and land use allocations within a major drainage of the Pacific Northwest. Specifically, productivity of present habitat and streamfiow conditions is evaluated with respect to anadromous fish species (chinook salmon and steelhead trout) in the John Day River Basin, a high-desert system in the Pacific Northwest. Alternative water allocations and fish habitat enhancements to improve anadromous fish productivity are also examined. This biophysical information is combined with economics concepts to evaluate comparative benefits and economic efficiency of selected technically feasible habitat/streamflow alternatives. The John Day River Basin is used as a case study because it provides one of the most significant runs of wild summer steelhead trout and spring chinook salmon in the Columbia River Basin. Specific categories of alternative enhancements included water transfers to instream flow, habitat vegetation improvements, and habitat structural measures. The benefits of changes in fish numbers are valued through the travel cost method. Costs of habitat investments are derived from a synthesis of cost data for similar investments for the region. For most lower-reach stream sections, benefits of habitat investments/streamflow alternatives do not equal costs. However, changes in water allocations and habitat do appear economically efficient to some upper reaches. The main results suggest that economic efficiency varies greatly within the system, indicating the need for site-specific proposals for streamfiow or habitat alterations within this or similar high desert streams. In addition to providing preliminary estimates of the economic efficency of streamfiow and habitat investments, this thesis serves as a methodological template for future integrated bioeconomic evaluations of water and fishery management issues. Close

• 43. [Article] Identification and mapping of habitat types in the vicinity of Mount Tolman in eastern Washington

  Studies were conducted in the vicinity of Mount Tolman on the Colville Indian Reservation in eastern Washington in order to identify vegetation habitat types of the area. After field studies were completed, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Identification and mapping of habitat types in the vicinity of Mount Tolman in eastern Washington Author: Wilson, Mary Loverna Studies were conducted in the vicinity of Mount Tolman on the Colville Indian Reservation in eastern Washington in order to identify vegetation habitat types of the area. After field studies were completed, Daubenmire's keys to habitat types of eastern Washington (1968, 1970) were used to determine habitat types of the area. On the basis of sampling results, eleven habitat types were identified and described. This information was used in conjunction with aerial photointerpretation to prepare a vegetation map. Daubenmire's baseline studies, from which the habitat type keys were developed, were conducted in pristine climax stands. The Mount Tolman study area vegetation has been subjected to human disturbance for many years. Agriculture, grazing, logging, mining, and urbanization have all had an impact on the natural vegetation of the area. It was of interest to see at what levels of disturbance it would still be possible to determine habitat types from remnant native vegetation. Steppe habitat types identified were Agropyron spicatum/Festuca idahoensis and Purshia tridentata/Agropyron spicatum. Very little vegetation representative of these habitat types remained in the study area because of conversion of most open land to either agricultural crops or pasture. Most steppe portions of the study area had been heavily grazed and supported disclimax vegetation dominated by Bromus tectorum and other weedy species. Four Pinus ponderosa habitat types were identified. They were Pinus ponderosa/Agropyron spicatum, Pinus ponderosa/Festuca idahoensis, Pinus ponderosa/Purshia tridentata, and Pinus ponderosa/Symphoricarpos albus. Together they composed 43 percent of the study area. Three other forest habitats, Pseudotsuga menziesii/Symphoricarpos albus, Pseudotsuga menziesii/Physocarpus malvaceus, and Abies grandis/Pachistima myrsinites, occupied 30 percent of the study area. Two riparian habitat types occurred consistently in the creek drainages. One of these was Crataegus douglasii/ Symphoricarpus albus, both the Crataegus phase, and Populus tremuloides phase; the other was Alnus incana/Lysichitum americanum. Using Daubenmire's keys, coupled with information about seral communities and successional patterns, proved to be effective in determining habitat types in all but the most disturbed sites. Title: Identification and mapping of habitat types in the vicinity of Mount Tolman in eastern Washington Author: Wilson, Mary Loverna Studies were conducted in the vicinity of Mount Tolman on the Colville Indian Reservation in eastern Washington in order to identify vegetation habitat types of the area. After field studies were completed, Daubenmire's keys to habitat types of eastern Washington (1968, 1970) were used to determine habitat types of the area. On the basis of sampling results, eleven habitat types were identified and described. This information was used in conjunction with aerial photointerpretation to prepare a vegetation map. Daubenmire's baseline studies, from which the habitat type keys were developed, were conducted in pristine climax stands. The Mount Tolman study area vegetation has been subjected to human disturbance for many years. Agriculture, grazing, logging, mining, and urbanization have all had an impact on the natural vegetation of the area. It was of interest to see at what levels of disturbance it would still be possible to determine habitat types from remnant native vegetation. Steppe habitat types identified were Agropyron spicatum/Festuca idahoensis and Purshia tridentata/Agropyron spicatum. Very little vegetation representative of these habitat types remained in the study area because of conversion of most open land to either agricultural crops or pasture. Most steppe portions of the study area had been heavily grazed and supported disclimax vegetation dominated by Bromus tectorum and other weedy species. Four Pinus ponderosa habitat types were identified. They were Pinus ponderosa/Agropyron spicatum, Pinus ponderosa/Festuca idahoensis, Pinus ponderosa/Purshia tridentata, and Pinus ponderosa/Symphoricarpos albus. Together they composed 43 percent of the study area. Three other forest habitats, Pseudotsuga menziesii/Symphoricarpos albus, Pseudotsuga menziesii/Physocarpus malvaceus, and Abies grandis/Pachistima myrsinites, occupied 30 percent of the study area. Two riparian habitat types occurred consistently in the creek drainages. One of these was Crataegus douglasii/ Symphoricarpus albus, both the Crataegus phase, and Populus tremuloides phase; the other was Alnus incana/Lysichitum americanum. Using Daubenmire's keys, coupled with information about seral communities and successional patterns, proved to be effective in determining habitat types in all but the most disturbed sites. Close

• 44. [Article] A Bioeconomic Model of Fishery-Habitat Impacts

  Abstract only.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: A Bioeconomic Model of Fishery-Habitat Impacts Author: Kahui, Viktoria, Armstrong, Claire Abstract only. Title: A Bioeconomic Model of Fishery-Habitat Impacts Author: Kahui, Viktoria, Armstrong, Claire Abstract only. Close

• 45. [Article] Oak Habitat Mapping and Monitoring in the Southern Eugene Ridgeline

  Submitted to the Undergraduate Library Research Award scholarship competition: 2010-2011. 63 p.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Oak Habitat Mapping and Monitoring in the Southern Eugene Ridgeline Author: Bigalke, Brittany, Kimmy, Ertel, Liston, Matthew, Park, Alex, Russell, Alexandria, Silva, Matt Year: 2011 Submitted to the Undergraduate Library Research Award scholarship competition: 2010-2011. 63 p. Title: Oak Habitat Mapping and Monitoring in the Southern Eugene Ridgeline Author: Bigalke, Brittany, Kimmy, Ertel, Liston, Matthew, Park, Alex, Russell, Alexandria, Silva, Matt Year: 2011 Submitted to the Undergraduate Library Research Award scholarship competition: 2010-2011. 63 p. Close

• 46. [Article] Ecology of aquatic habitats associated with stream margins

  The morphology and ecological importance of habitats associated with the margin of third-order stream channels in the Oregon Cascades were studied in streams in three different riparian types: 450-year-old ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Ecology of aquatic habitats associated with stream margins Author: Moore, Kelly M. S. The morphology and ecological importance of habitats associated with the margin of third-order stream channels in the Oregon Cascades were studied in streams in three different riparian types: 450-year-old conifers, 40-year-old alder, and an open, herbaceous-dominated clearcut. Margins, backwaters, and side channels in streams create important habitat for fry of cutthroat trout (Salmo clarki clarki) and support benthic invertebrate assemblages of high denSity and distinctive composition. These lateral habitats are characterized by slow, shallow water, heterogeneous size distribution of substrates, abundant detritus, and by hydraulic and morphologic persistence. In the study reaches, area of lateral habitat was maximum in early summer, averaging 15 percent of total stream area. The amount of lateral habitat decreased with either lower or higher flows. During a 1-yr period lateral habitats in the coniferous site changed the least. The volume and hydraulic characteristics of individual lateral habitats were functions of the morphology of the structures that formed the habitat and the orientation and location of the habitat relative to the central axis of the strea Large woody debris and large boulders created lateral habitats that were larger, had longer hydrologic residence times, and were more persistent when streamflow changed than lateral habitats formed by small boulders and cobble. Stream margins and backwaters were major sites of detritus storage. Average detritus standing crop in backwaters and stream margins was 5 to 15 times greater than standing crops in riffles or pools in the same stream. Detritus at the coniferous reach had higher organic matter content and a greater percentage of lignin than detritus at the deciduous reach. Detritus at the open reach was much lower in organic matter content, but the ratio of cellulose to lignin was greater than in the forested reaches. The activity of microbial assemblages associated with fine detritus was generally highest at the open reach. Average standing crop of chlorophyll a was highest at the open site. The abundance and quality of nutritional resources in lateral habitats were reflected in the associated invertebrate communities. High densities of chironomids, early instar Ephemeroptera and Plecoptera, oligochaetes, and micro-crustacea were found in stream margins and backwaters at each site. Mean invertebrate density in lateral habitats was similar in the coniferous (66,500 individuals/m²) and open (75,000 individuals/m²) reaches, but lower at the deciduous site (24,000 individuals/m²). Collector-gatherer, shredder, and predator functional feeding groups were well represented at each site. Differences in functional roup organization between reaches were primarily related tp increased numbers of herbivorous collector-gatherers at the open site and a greater relative abundance of shredders at the deciduous site. Cutthroat trout fry populations were directly linked to the length of stream edge and the area of lateral habitat. Fry occupy lateral habitats immediately after emergence and may not move from lateral habitats until the end of their first summer. In an experimental manipulation of nine stream reaches, increasing lateral habitat prior to fry emergence resulted in 2.5 times higher fry density than in control reaches and reducing lateral habitat virtually eliminated fry populations. Cutthroat trout in headwater streams continue to use lateral habitats throughout their life cycle as refuge for all age classes during high streamflow and by adult trout as spawning areas. Title: Ecology of aquatic habitats associated with stream margins Author: Moore, Kelly M. S. The morphology and ecological importance of habitats associated with the margin of third-order stream channels in the Oregon Cascades were studied in streams in three different riparian types: 450-year-old conifers, 40-year-old alder, and an open, herbaceous-dominated clearcut. Margins, backwaters, and side channels in streams create important habitat for fry of cutthroat trout (Salmo clarki clarki) and support benthic invertebrate assemblages of high denSity and distinctive composition. These lateral habitats are characterized by slow, shallow water, heterogeneous size distribution of substrates, abundant detritus, and by hydraulic and morphologic persistence. In the study reaches, area of lateral habitat was maximum in early summer, averaging 15 percent of total stream area. The amount of lateral habitat decreased with either lower or higher flows. During a 1-yr period lateral habitats in the coniferous site changed the least. The volume and hydraulic characteristics of individual lateral habitats were functions of the morphology of the structures that formed the habitat and the orientation and location of the habitat relative to the central axis of the strea Large woody debris and large boulders created lateral habitats that were larger, had longer hydrologic residence times, and were more persistent when streamflow changed than lateral habitats formed by small boulders and cobble. Stream margins and backwaters were major sites of detritus storage. Average detritus standing crop in backwaters and stream margins was 5 to 15 times greater than standing crops in riffles or pools in the same stream. Detritus at the coniferous reach had higher organic matter content and a greater percentage of lignin than detritus at the deciduous reach. Detritus at the open reach was much lower in organic matter content, but the ratio of cellulose to lignin was greater than in the forested reaches. The activity of microbial assemblages associated with fine detritus was generally highest at the open reach. Average standing crop of chlorophyll a was highest at the open site. The abundance and quality of nutritional resources in lateral habitats were reflected in the associated invertebrate communities. High densities of chironomids, early instar Ephemeroptera and Plecoptera, oligochaetes, and micro-crustacea were found in stream margins and backwaters at each site. Mean invertebrate density in lateral habitats was similar in the coniferous (66,500 individuals/m²) and open (75,000 individuals/m²) reaches, but lower at the deciduous site (24,000 individuals/m²). Collector-gatherer, shredder, and predator functional feeding groups were well represented at each site. Differences in functional roup organization between reaches were primarily related tp increased numbers of herbivorous collector-gatherers at the open site and a greater relative abundance of shredders at the deciduous site. Cutthroat trout fry populations were directly linked to the length of stream edge and the area of lateral habitat. Fry occupy lateral habitats immediately after emergence and may not move from lateral habitats until the end of their first summer. In an experimental manipulation of nine stream reaches, increasing lateral habitat prior to fry emergence resulted in 2.5 times higher fry density than in control reaches and reducing lateral habitat virtually eliminated fry populations. Cutthroat trout in headwater streams continue to use lateral habitats throughout their life cycle as refuge for all age classes during high streamflow and by adult trout as spawning areas. Close

• 47. [Article] Clover Creek restoration

  This project included 8 miles of fencing, 18 stock water tanks, 10 acres of riparian planting, 1 hardened crossing and 1 culvert crossing. Six landowners participated in the project.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Clover Creek restoration Author: Partnership for the Umpqua Rivers This project included 8 miles of fencing, 18 stock water tanks, 10 acres of riparian planting, 1 hardened crossing and 1 culvert crossing. Six landowners participated in the project. Title: Clover Creek restoration Author: Partnership for the Umpqua Rivers This project included 8 miles of fencing, 18 stock water tanks, 10 acres of riparian planting, 1 hardened crossing and 1 culvert crossing. Six landowners participated in the project. Close

• 48. [Article] A guide to placing large wood in streams

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: A guide to placing large wood in streams Author: Oregon. Forest Practices Section, Oregon. Habitat Conservation Division Title: A guide to placing large wood in streams Author: Oregon. Forest Practices Section, Oregon. Habitat Conservation Division Close

• 49. [Article] South Fork Coos River and Tributaries - Aquatic Inventory (AQI) Data

  Abstract -- Aquatic habitat surveys were conducted in the South Fork Coos River located within the Coos Watershed. The surveys followed the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (ODFW) Aquatic Inventory's ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: South Fork Coos River and Tributaries - Aquatic Inventory (AQI) Data Abstract -- Aquatic habitat surveys were conducted in the South Fork Coos River located within the Coos Watershed. The surveys followed the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (ODFW) Aquatic Inventory's (AQI) Protocol. Title: South Fork Coos River and Tributaries - Aquatic Inventory (AQI) Data Abstract -- Aquatic habitat surveys were conducted in the South Fork Coos River located within the Coos Watershed. The surveys followed the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (ODFW) Aquatic Inventory's (AQI) Protocol. Close

• 50. [Article] Stream Habitat Conditions in Western Oregon 2005 Monitoring Report Report Number: OPSW-ODFW-2007-5

  Abstract -- Monitoring programs under the Oregon Plan for Salmon and Watersheds were designed to assess the status and trend in fish populations and aquatic habitat in Oregon’s coastal basins. Although ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Stream Habitat Conditions in Western Oregon 2005 Monitoring Report Report Number: OPSW-ODFW-2007-5 Abstract -- Monitoring programs under the Oregon Plan for Salmon and Watersheds were designed to assess the status and trend in fish populations and aquatic habitat in Oregon’s coastal basins. Although the Oregon Plan for Salmon and Watersheds was initiated in response to the petition to list Oregon coastal coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) as threatened under the Endangered Species Act (ESA), monitoring was subsequently expanded to include other salmonids. Through coordinated surveys we are able to evaluate freshwater habitat, fish distribution, and abundance of juvenile and adult coho salmon and steelhead trout. The habitat survey project has the broadest geographic scope of inference and ties to other program components as well – basin surveys, surveys at habitat restoration sites, adult and juvenile coho surveys, and life cycle watersheds (Flitcroft et al. 2002). The Oregon Plan facilitated cooperation and partnerships to study the contemporary life history dynamics of coho salmon in the Oregon coastal ESU (Evolutionary Significant Unit). A viability and status assessment of Oregon coastal Coho (Chilcote 2005) and the Conservation Plan for the Oregon Coast Coho Evolutionary Significant Unit (Nicholas 2006) evaluated the relationship of aquatic habitat to the productivity of coho salmon populations and recommended actions to promote recovery. The habitat portion of the viability assessment was based on a review of aquatic and riparian habitat collected by the Aquatic Inventories Project (ODFW) from 1990 to 2004 (Rodgers et al. 2005). The authors of the habitat assessment (Rodgers et al 2005) and viability assessment (Chilcote 2005) concluded that coho productivity in 22 coastal coho populations was limited by the complexity of stream habitat used by juvenile coho during their first winter of freshwater residence. The term “stream complexity” integrates geomorphic and structural characteristics of streams and associated aquatic habitat. Complex geomorphic features may be observed in low gradient streams flowing through wide valley floors with multiple channels and off-channel habitats. Structural complexity refers to the size and configuration of pools, large wood pieces and jams, substrate, and undercut banks. The combination of geomorphic and structural features provides cover and refugia during high winter flows for juvenile coho. Stream reaches that can or have the potential to create these conditions are commonly located in lower reaches of moderate size streams in areas with wide valley floors and are considered to contain high quality habitat for juvenile coho. Burnett et al. (2007) developed spatial models to estimate high-quality habitat rearing potential, termed intrinsic potential, in coastal streams. A stream’s intrinsic potential was modeled using valley width, gradient, and stream flow. Historically, streams identified as having high intrinsic potential may have been the most productive for juvenile coho salmon; restoration of these reaches may be the key to recovery of coho salmon. The viability assessment and Coho Plan recommend that we monitor the trends in total amount and spatial distribution of these habitats in coastal drainages. This report discusses the findings from aquatic habitat surveys conducted in summer 2005 in coastal drainages. Our objectives are to describe and compare channel morphology, instream habitat and complexity, and riparian conditions in all wadeable streams in five monitoring areas. The sample design permitted us to post stratify the sample sites into three additional frames: sites within coho and steelhead distribution, sites outside coho distribution, and sites within high intrinsic potential for coho. We also used two habitat models to integrate habitat attributes to describe the habitat quality and capacity for different life stages of juvenile coho and steelhead. Title: Stream Habitat Conditions in Western Oregon 2005 Monitoring Report Report Number: OPSW-ODFW-2007-5 Abstract -- Monitoring programs under the Oregon Plan for Salmon and Watersheds were designed to assess the status and trend in fish populations and aquatic habitat in Oregon’s coastal basins. Although the Oregon Plan for Salmon and Watersheds was initiated in response to the petition to list Oregon coastal coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) as threatened under the Endangered Species Act (ESA), monitoring was subsequently expanded to include other salmonids. Through coordinated surveys we are able to evaluate freshwater habitat, fish distribution, and abundance of juvenile and adult coho salmon and steelhead trout. The habitat survey project has the broadest geographic scope of inference and ties to other program components as well – basin surveys, surveys at habitat restoration sites, adult and juvenile coho surveys, and life cycle watersheds (Flitcroft et al. 2002). The Oregon Plan facilitated cooperation and partnerships to study the contemporary life history dynamics of coho salmon in the Oregon coastal ESU (Evolutionary Significant Unit). A viability and status assessment of Oregon coastal Coho (Chilcote 2005) and the Conservation Plan for the Oregon Coast Coho Evolutionary Significant Unit (Nicholas 2006) evaluated the relationship of aquatic habitat to the productivity of coho salmon populations and recommended actions to promote recovery. The habitat portion of the viability assessment was based on a review of aquatic and riparian habitat collected by the Aquatic Inventories Project (ODFW) from 1990 to 2004 (Rodgers et al. 2005). The authors of the habitat assessment (Rodgers et al 2005) and viability assessment (Chilcote 2005) concluded that coho productivity in 22 coastal coho populations was limited by the complexity of stream habitat used by juvenile coho during their first winter of freshwater residence. The term “stream complexity” integrates geomorphic and structural characteristics of streams and associated aquatic habitat. Complex geomorphic features may be observed in low gradient streams flowing through wide valley floors with multiple channels and off-channel habitats. Structural complexity refers to the size and configuration of pools, large wood pieces and jams, substrate, and undercut banks. The combination of geomorphic and structural features provides cover and refugia during high winter flows for juvenile coho. Stream reaches that can or have the potential to create these conditions are commonly located in lower reaches of moderate size streams in areas with wide valley floors and are considered to contain high quality habitat for juvenile coho. Burnett et al. (2007) developed spatial models to estimate high-quality habitat rearing potential, termed intrinsic potential, in coastal streams. A stream’s intrinsic potential was modeled using valley width, gradient, and stream flow. Historically, streams identified as having high intrinsic potential may have been the most productive for juvenile coho salmon; restoration of these reaches may be the key to recovery of coho salmon. The viability assessment and Coho Plan recommend that we monitor the trends in total amount and spatial distribution of these habitats in coastal drainages. This report discusses the findings from aquatic habitat surveys conducted in summer 2005 in coastal drainages. Our objectives are to describe and compare channel morphology, instream habitat and complexity, and riparian conditions in all wadeable streams in five monitoring areas. The sample design permitted us to post stratify the sample sites into three additional frames: sites within coho and steelhead distribution, sites outside coho distribution, and sites within high intrinsic potential for coho. We also used two habitat models to integrate habitat attributes to describe the habitat quality and capacity for different life stages of juvenile coho and steelhead. Close

• 51. [Article] Habitat Protection Policies and Standards of Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife 1991

  Abstract -- The Habitat Protection Policies and Standards collected in this document are intended to provide guidance to Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife employees. It is a working and evolving document ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Habitat Protection Policies and Standards of Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife 1991 Abstract -- The Habitat Protection Policies and Standards collected in this document are intended to provide guidance to Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife employees. It is a working and evolving document that responds to changing laws, habitat conditions, social and political attitudes, and increased knowledge. The Habitat Conservation Division of the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife developed these habitat protection policies and standards using intra-agency task forces comprised of experts from throughout the state. Those policies and standards that significantly affect the public interest have been or will be developed into administrative rules through a public review and comment process. Title: Habitat Protection Policies and Standards of Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife 1991 Abstract -- The Habitat Protection Policies and Standards collected in this document are intended to provide guidance to Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife employees. It is a working and evolving document that responds to changing laws, habitat conditions, social and political attitudes, and increased knowledge. The Habitat Conservation Division of the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife developed these habitat protection policies and standards using intra-agency task forces comprised of experts from throughout the state. Those policies and standards that significantly affect the public interest have been or will be developed into administrative rules through a public review and comment process. Close

• 52. [Article] Stocking levels and seedling heights on clearcuts in relation to habitat type in the Western Cascades of Oregon

  Stocking characteristics and heights attained by tree seedlings at ages five and seven were measured on 45 study units, representing five habitat types, established on clearcuts in the Abies amabilis zone ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Stocking levels and seedling heights on clearcuts in relation to habitat type in the Western Cascades of Oregon Author: Sullivan, Michael James Stocking characteristics and heights attained by tree seedlings at ages five and seven were measured on 45 study units, representing five habitat types, established on clearcuts in the Abies amabilis zone in the Western Cascades of Oregon. The study units ranged from six to 30 acres in size, seven to 15 years in age (time elapsed since harvest), and occupied a variety of slope aspects, inclinations, and topographic positions. A restricted random sampling procedure and circular one-milacre plots were employed to collect data. Mean post-harvest stocking levels (on a one-milacre basis) ranged from 14.4% in the Abies amabilis-Tsuga mertensiana/ Xerophyiium tenax habitat type to 48.3% in the Abies amabilis/Rhododendron macrophyllum-Vaccinium alaskaense/Cornus canadensis habitat type, and mean advance stocking levels ranged from 2.0% in the Abies amabiiis/Vaccinium membranaceum/ Xerophyiium tenax habitat type to 16.5% in the Abies/ Rhododendron-Vaccinium/Cornus habitat type. Differences in mean post-harvest stocking among the habitat types were found to be inversely correlated with differences in mean radiation indices and mean elevations. Differences were also found among the habitat types in the comparative stocking levels of individual tree species. Abies procera (noble fir) stocking was generally less than or equal to that of Pseudotsuga menziesii (Douglas-fir) in habitat types typically positioned on lower-to mid-slopes, but much greater than that of Pseudotsuga menziesii in habitat types which are typically located on or near ridgetops. Mean heights of tree seedlings were found to vary considerably among tree species and habitat types. Pseudotsuga menziesii seedlings generally grow to roughly equivalent or to greater heights than do Abies procera seedlings in all habitat types. Both Pseudotsuga menziesii and Abies procera seedlings attained greatest heights in the Abies amabilis/ Achlys triphylla habitat type, and lowest heights in an undocumented Abies amabilis/Rhododendron macrophyllum-Vaccinium membranaceum habitat type. The structure and composition of successional plant communities which developed following clearcutting was also found to vary considerably among habitat types. Clearcuts in habitat types typically located on lower-to mid-slopes were occupied by plant communities often dominated by shrubs, whereas plant communities dominated by herbs usually occupied clearcuts located in habitat types typically positioned on or near ridgetops. The results of this research imply that each habitat type seems best suited for specific silvicultural practices. Habitat type classification and mapping can be a productive tool for foresters involved with the regeneration management of Abies amabilis zone forests of the Western Cascades of Oregon. Title: Stocking levels and seedling heights on clearcuts in relation to habitat type in the Western Cascades of Oregon Author: Sullivan, Michael James Stocking characteristics and heights attained by tree seedlings at ages five and seven were measured on 45 study units, representing five habitat types, established on clearcuts in the Abies amabilis zone in the Western Cascades of Oregon. The study units ranged from six to 30 acres in size, seven to 15 years in age (time elapsed since harvest), and occupied a variety of slope aspects, inclinations, and topographic positions. A restricted random sampling procedure and circular one-milacre plots were employed to collect data. Mean post-harvest stocking levels (on a one-milacre basis) ranged from 14.4% in the Abies amabilis-Tsuga mertensiana/ Xerophyiium tenax habitat type to 48.3% in the Abies amabilis/Rhododendron macrophyllum-Vaccinium alaskaense/Cornus canadensis habitat type, and mean advance stocking levels ranged from 2.0% in the Abies amabiiis/Vaccinium membranaceum/ Xerophyiium tenax habitat type to 16.5% in the Abies/ Rhododendron-Vaccinium/Cornus habitat type. Differences in mean post-harvest stocking among the habitat types were found to be inversely correlated with differences in mean radiation indices and mean elevations. Differences were also found among the habitat types in the comparative stocking levels of individual tree species. Abies procera (noble fir) stocking was generally less than or equal to that of Pseudotsuga menziesii (Douglas-fir) in habitat types typically positioned on lower-to mid-slopes, but much greater than that of Pseudotsuga menziesii in habitat types which are typically located on or near ridgetops. Mean heights of tree seedlings were found to vary considerably among tree species and habitat types. Pseudotsuga menziesii seedlings generally grow to roughly equivalent or to greater heights than do Abies procera seedlings in all habitat types. Both Pseudotsuga menziesii and Abies procera seedlings attained greatest heights in the Abies amabilis/ Achlys triphylla habitat type, and lowest heights in an undocumented Abies amabilis/Rhododendron macrophyllum-Vaccinium membranaceum habitat type. The structure and composition of successional plant communities which developed following clearcutting was also found to vary considerably among habitat types. Clearcuts in habitat types typically located on lower-to mid-slopes were occupied by plant communities often dominated by shrubs, whereas plant communities dominated by herbs usually occupied clearcuts located in habitat types typically positioned on or near ridgetops. The results of this research imply that each habitat type seems best suited for specific silvicultural practices. Habitat type classification and mapping can be a productive tool for foresters involved with the regeneration management of Abies amabilis zone forests of the Western Cascades of Oregon. Close

• 53. [Article] Habitat selection by American martens (Martes americana) in coastal northwestern California

  The Humboldt marten, Martes americana humboldtensis, has undergone a dramatic decline throughout its historical distribution in coastal Northwestern California. There is currently only one known population ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Habitat selection by American martens (Martes americana) in coastal northwestern California Author: Slauson, Keith M. The Humboldt marten, Martes americana humboldtensis, has undergone a dramatic decline throughout its historical distribution in coastal Northwestern California. There is currently only one known population occupying an area occurring in <5% of the historical distribution of the subspecies. Conservation and management efforts to benefit this population are hampered by lack of information on the habitat ecology of martens in the coastal forest of northwestern California. Furthermore there have been no investigations of the habitat ecology of marten populations anywhere in the coastal forests of the Pacific States. I investigated habitat relationships of the only known population of martens within the historical distribution of M a. humboldtensis at three spatial scales (microhabitat, stand, and home range) and in relation to four forest management regimes (industrial timberlands, and U. S. Forest Service (USFS) matrix lands, late-successional reserves, and wilderness). Over 12 months of fieldwork during 2000 and 2001, I detected martens at 26 of 159 track plate sample units distributed on a systematic grid located over the region known to be occupied by the population. I used an information-theoretic approach to rank 56 a priori candidate models that described hypothesized habitat relationships at each spatial scale. Marten detections occurred in two distinct habitat types, those with forests on serpentine soils and forests associated with more productive soil types, which are more common in the region. At the microhabitat scale in serpentine habitats, martens were detected at sites with dense shrub cover, sparse tree cover, and abundant surface rocks. Dense shrub cover and abundant surface rocks may provide key overhead and escape cover for martens in serpentine habitats. At the microhabitat scale in non-serpentine habitats martens were detected at sites having the most mesic aspects, with dense tree and shrub cover, and with a higher abundance of large diameter snags. At the stand scale martens selected conifer-dominated stands with dense shrub cover in the latest seral stages (old growth and late-mature) in non-serpentine habitats and variable seral stages in serpentine habitats. At the home-range scale the probability of detecting a marten decreased with increasing amounts of logging within 1-km of the sample unit and increased with increasing maximum patch size of old growth, old growth plus late-mature, or serpentine habitat within 1-km of the sample unit. Martens were detected significantly more frequently in USFS lands than in private industrial timberlands. Within USFS lands, martens were detected most frequently in matrix and late-successional reserves, and least frequently in the wilderness area. This study provides new information on the habitat ecology of martens in the coastal forests of northwestern California. It demonstrates the importance of investigating marten habitat at multiple spatial scales and provides insights to linkages among scales and how martens respond to forest management. It also provides information to aid conservation and restoration of martens in northwestern California through identification of areas currently occupied or with suitable habitat, information to identify suitable habitat in areas outside the study area, and information to guide conservation planning for martens and site-specific habitat restoration. Title: Habitat selection by American martens (Martes americana) in coastal northwestern California Author: Slauson, Keith M. The Humboldt marten, Martes americana humboldtensis, has undergone a dramatic decline throughout its historical distribution in coastal Northwestern California. There is currently only one known population occupying an area occurring in <5% of the historical distribution of the subspecies. Conservation and management efforts to benefit this population are hampered by lack of information on the habitat ecology of martens in the coastal forest of northwestern California. Furthermore there have been no investigations of the habitat ecology of marten populations anywhere in the coastal forests of the Pacific States. I investigated habitat relationships of the only known population of martens within the historical distribution of M a. humboldtensis at three spatial scales (microhabitat, stand, and home range) and in relation to four forest management regimes (industrial timberlands, and U. S. Forest Service (USFS) matrix lands, late-successional reserves, and wilderness). Over 12 months of fieldwork during 2000 and 2001, I detected martens at 26 of 159 track plate sample units distributed on a systematic grid located over the region known to be occupied by the population. I used an information-theoretic approach to rank 56 a priori candidate models that described hypothesized habitat relationships at each spatial scale. Marten detections occurred in two distinct habitat types, those with forests on serpentine soils and forests associated with more productive soil types, which are more common in the region. At the microhabitat scale in serpentine habitats, martens were detected at sites with dense shrub cover, sparse tree cover, and abundant surface rocks. Dense shrub cover and abundant surface rocks may provide key overhead and escape cover for martens in serpentine habitats. At the microhabitat scale in non-serpentine habitats martens were detected at sites having the most mesic aspects, with dense tree and shrub cover, and with a higher abundance of large diameter snags. At the stand scale martens selected conifer-dominated stands with dense shrub cover in the latest seral stages (old growth and late-mature) in non-serpentine habitats and variable seral stages in serpentine habitats. At the home-range scale the probability of detecting a marten decreased with increasing amounts of logging within 1-km of the sample unit and increased with increasing maximum patch size of old growth, old growth plus late-mature, or serpentine habitat within 1-km of the sample unit. Martens were detected significantly more frequently in USFS lands than in private industrial timberlands. Within USFS lands, martens were detected most frequently in matrix and late-successional reserves, and least frequently in the wilderness area. This study provides new information on the habitat ecology of martens in the coastal forests of northwestern California. It demonstrates the importance of investigating marten habitat at multiple spatial scales and provides insights to linkages among scales and how martens respond to forest management. It also provides information to aid conservation and restoration of martens in northwestern California through identification of areas currently occupied or with suitable habitat, information to identify suitable habitat in areas outside the study area, and information to guide conservation planning for martens and site-specific habitat restoration. Close

• 54. [Article] An analysis of guild structure of avian communities, Columbia River, Oregon

  Effects of habitat and season on guild structure of avian communities were examined for islands in the estuary zone of the Columbia River, Oregon. Bird species were classified into guilds according to ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: An analysis of guild structure of avian communities, Columbia River, Oregon Author: Noyes, Cecilia Lea Barham Effects of habitat and season on guild structure of avian communities were examined for islands in the estuary zone of the Columbia River, Oregon. Bird species were classified into guilds according to their major food item, typical foraging substrate, and foraging behavior. Variation in community structure indices (number of guilds, guild diversity, evenness, bird density, and biomass) among habitats and seasons were analyzed with multivariate analysis of variance and discriminant function analysis. Cluster analysis was used to examine patterns of guild distribution among habitats and seasons. Four habitat-bird community associations (tree-shrub, upland, beach-low marsh, and high marsh) were described based on results from this study. High guild evenness within tree-shrub habitats during the breeding season (spring and summer) distinguished tree-shrub bird communities from communities within the 3 other habitats. Relatively stable bird density within tree-shrub habitats was attributed to high vegetation heterogeniety and later successional stage of tree-shrub habitats. Seasonal variation of community structure indices was greatest within upland habitats. Comparison of seasonal patterns in number of guilds, guild evenness, bird density, and guild composition between tree-shrub and upland habitats suggested greater stability of food resource productivity, availability, and diversity within tree-shrub habitats. Differences in avian community structure between the 2 terrestrial seral stages (tree-shrub and upland) were ascribed to differences in successional stage and vegetation complexity. High avian biomass distinguished bird communities of beach-low marsh habitats and was probably related to high productivity typical of estuary systems. Seasonal variation of community structure, primarily a winter reduction in bird density, was least definitive in beach-low marsh habitats. Lack of winter reduction in number of guilds and seasonal changes in guild composition suggested low winter density was related to reduced availability of food resources as affected by tidal inundation, low temperatures, and ice on the river. Bird communities associated with the high marsh habitat were characterized from all other bird community-habitat associations by greater number of guilds. Less extensive tidal inundation, greater vegetation complexity and more edge effect in the high marsh habitat than in beach-low marsh habitats seemed to affect greater occurrence of terrestrial associated guilds. Results of this study indicated description of avian community structure on the basis of food-resource defined guilds was useful in interpreting how environmental (habitat and season) variation may affect bird communities. Validity of inferences from this study requires more detailed analysis of the bird communities and their habitats. Thus, the guild approach as used in this research is most appropriate for preliminary examination of communities, indicating areas where more specific study should increase understanding of the structure and functioning of avian communities. Title: An analysis of guild structure of avian communities, Columbia River, Oregon Author: Noyes, Cecilia Lea Barham Effects of habitat and season on guild structure of avian communities were examined for islands in the estuary zone of the Columbia River, Oregon. Bird species were classified into guilds according to their major food item, typical foraging substrate, and foraging behavior. Variation in community structure indices (number of guilds, guild diversity, evenness, bird density, and biomass) among habitats and seasons were analyzed with multivariate analysis of variance and discriminant function analysis. Cluster analysis was used to examine patterns of guild distribution among habitats and seasons. Four habitat-bird community associations (tree-shrub, upland, beach-low marsh, and high marsh) were described based on results from this study. High guild evenness within tree-shrub habitats during the breeding season (spring and summer) distinguished tree-shrub bird communities from communities within the 3 other habitats. Relatively stable bird density within tree-shrub habitats was attributed to high vegetation heterogeniety and later successional stage of tree-shrub habitats. Seasonal variation of community structure indices was greatest within upland habitats. Comparison of seasonal patterns in number of guilds, guild evenness, bird density, and guild composition between tree-shrub and upland habitats suggested greater stability of food resource productivity, availability, and diversity within tree-shrub habitats. Differences in avian community structure between the 2 terrestrial seral stages (tree-shrub and upland) were ascribed to differences in successional stage and vegetation complexity. High avian biomass distinguished bird communities of beach-low marsh habitats and was probably related to high productivity typical of estuary systems. Seasonal variation of community structure, primarily a winter reduction in bird density, was least definitive in beach-low marsh habitats. Lack of winter reduction in number of guilds and seasonal changes in guild composition suggested low winter density was related to reduced availability of food resources as affected by tidal inundation, low temperatures, and ice on the river. Bird communities associated with the high marsh habitat were characterized from all other bird community-habitat associations by greater number of guilds. Less extensive tidal inundation, greater vegetation complexity and more edge effect in the high marsh habitat than in beach-low marsh habitats seemed to affect greater occurrence of terrestrial associated guilds. Results of this study indicated description of avian community structure on the basis of food-resource defined guilds was useful in interpreting how environmental (habitat and season) variation may affect bird communities. Validity of inferences from this study requires more detailed analysis of the bird communities and their habitats. Thus, the guild approach as used in this research is most appropriate for preliminary examination of communities, indicating areas where more specific study should increase understanding of the structure and functioning of avian communities. Close

• 55. [Article] South Fork Crooked River Aquatic Habitat Survey; Completion Report, OWEB 201-191

  Abstract -- Aquatic Habitat Inventory was performed by ODFW staff on 32 miles of the South Fork Crooked River during the summers of 2001 and 2003 in order to quantify habitat conditions on this main tributary ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: South Fork Crooked River Aquatic Habitat Survey; Completion Report, OWEB 201-191 Abstract -- Aquatic Habitat Inventory was performed by ODFW staff on 32 miles of the South Fork Crooked River during the summers of 2001 and 2003 in order to quantify habitat conditions on this main tributary of the Crooked River in the Deschutes basin. Summary descriptions of each reach are included. Title: South Fork Crooked River Aquatic Habitat Survey; Completion Report, OWEB 201-191 Abstract -- Aquatic Habitat Inventory was performed by ODFW staff on 32 miles of the South Fork Crooked River during the summers of 2001 and 2003 in order to quantify habitat conditions on this main tributary of the Crooked River in the Deschutes basin. Summary descriptions of each reach are included. Close

• 56. [Article] McKenzie River Watershed Conservation Strategy

  Abstract -- Based on a recent watershed assessment, this document details goals and strategies for conservation and restoration within the McKenzie River watershed. It addresses river and stream habitats, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: McKenzie River Watershed Conservation Strategy Abstract -- Based on a recent watershed assessment, this document details goals and strategies for conservation and restoration within the McKenzie River watershed. It addresses river and stream habitats, floodplain areas and riparian vegetation, wetlands, pond turtle habitat, and rare upland habitats. Title: McKenzie River Watershed Conservation Strategy Abstract -- Based on a recent watershed assessment, this document details goals and strategies for conservation and restoration within the McKenzie River watershed. It addresses river and stream habitats, floodplain areas and riparian vegetation, wetlands, pond turtle habitat, and rare upland habitats. Close

• 57. [Article] Response of trout, sculpins, and salamanders to experimental manipulation of large wood in Cascade Mountain streams

  Response of aquatic vertebrates to increased pool habitat complexity due to abundance of large wood was evaluated experimentally in three streams in the Cascade Mountains of Oregon. No difference in aquatic ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Response of trout, sculpins, and salamanders to experimental manipulation of large wood in Cascade Mountain streams Author: Burgess, Jack A. Response of aquatic vertebrates to increased pool habitat complexity due to abundance of large wood was evaluated experimentally in three streams in the Cascade Mountains of Oregon. No difference in aquatic vertebrate density was detected among treatments, though there was a trend of increasing aquatic vertebrate density with increasing large wood abundance. The small change in density of aquatic vertebrate species may have been due to the overriding influence of the high habitat heterogeneity associated with cobble/boulder substrate in these streams. Large wood may have a stronger influence in simpler streams with smaller particle size, in differing environmental regimes, or at spatial scales larger than channel unit. Mark-recapture estimates, catchability-based estimates, and maximum likelihood multiple removal estimates were compared in all three streams. Physical heterogeneity influenced efficiency of capture. The single pass catchability-based estimates were larger than mark-recapture estimates and maximum likelihood multiple removal estimates. Mark-recapture estimates were larger than maximum likelihood multiple removal estimates. The mark-recapture method gives more reliable and accurate estimates than maximum likelihood multiple removal method, but both methods may substantially underestimate the population. Taxon, fish length, and habitat variables influenced catchability for the population estimators examined. Probability of capture of vertebrates for the catchability-based estimator consistently decreased with increasing habitat complexity. Understanding factors that affect the accuracy of population estimators and the impact that habitat may have on catchability will assist fisheries scientists and managers in making informed decisions regarding the selection of a population estimation method. Research on habitat restoration and habitat relationships must recognize limitations of population estimators and catchability. Recognition of the limitations of population estimators and catchability should allow resource scientists to design more reliable monitoring and evaluation of habitat restoration projects. Title: Response of trout, sculpins, and salamanders to experimental manipulation of large wood in Cascade Mountain streams Author: Burgess, Jack A. Response of aquatic vertebrates to increased pool habitat complexity due to abundance of large wood was evaluated experimentally in three streams in the Cascade Mountains of Oregon. No difference in aquatic vertebrate density was detected among treatments, though there was a trend of increasing aquatic vertebrate density with increasing large wood abundance. The small change in density of aquatic vertebrate species may have been due to the overriding influence of the high habitat heterogeneity associated with cobble/boulder substrate in these streams. Large wood may have a stronger influence in simpler streams with smaller particle size, in differing environmental regimes, or at spatial scales larger than channel unit. Mark-recapture estimates, catchability-based estimates, and maximum likelihood multiple removal estimates were compared in all three streams. Physical heterogeneity influenced efficiency of capture. The single pass catchability-based estimates were larger than mark-recapture estimates and maximum likelihood multiple removal estimates. Mark-recapture estimates were larger than maximum likelihood multiple removal estimates. The mark-recapture method gives more reliable and accurate estimates than maximum likelihood multiple removal method, but both methods may substantially underestimate the population. Taxon, fish length, and habitat variables influenced catchability for the population estimators examined. Probability of capture of vertebrates for the catchability-based estimator consistently decreased with increasing habitat complexity. Understanding factors that affect the accuracy of population estimators and the impact that habitat may have on catchability will assist fisheries scientists and managers in making informed decisions regarding the selection of a population estimation method. Research on habitat restoration and habitat relationships must recognize limitations of population estimators and catchability. Recognition of the limitations of population estimators and catchability should allow resource scientists to design more reliable monitoring and evaluation of habitat restoration projects. Close

• 58. [Article] A study of the Columbian black-tailed deer Odocolieus hemionus columbianus (Richardson) and its habitat in Oregon

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: A study of the Columbian black-tailed deer Odocolieus hemionus columbianus (Richardson) and its habitat in Oregon Author: Lindzey, James Shotwell Title: A study of the Columbian black-tailed deer Odocolieus hemionus columbianus (Richardson) and its habitat in Oregon Author: Lindzey, James Shotwell Close

• 59. [Article] The LizLand model : geomorphic landform and surface composition analysis of lizard habitat in the California Mojave Desert

  This dissertation had three main objectives: 1) investigate the role of macro and micro geomorphology in determining lizard distributions in the Southern California Mojave Desert; 2) develop a spatially ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The LizLand model : geomorphic landform and surface composition analysis of lizard habitat in the California Mojave Desert Author: Heaton, Jill S. This dissertation had three main objectives: 1) investigate the role of macro and micro geomorphology in determining lizard distributions in the Southern California Mojave Desert; 2) develop a spatially explicit lizard habitat model based upon geomorphology; and, 3) determine the interactive effects of geomorphology, roads, and land use in defining lizard habitat. To achieve these objectives a new concept of reptile habitat was developed. Primary field data on presence/absence of lizards in relation to macro and micro geomorphology were collected for three conspicuous and widely distributed Mojave Desert lizard species: Cnemidophorus tigris, Callisaurus draconoides, and Uta stansburiana. Study sites were distributed between the Marine Air Ground Task Force Training Command Marine Corps Air Ground Combat Center (MCAGCC) and Joshua Tree National Park (JOTR) in the Southern California Mojave Desert. Chapter 2 develops a new concept of reptile habitat in and environments. This concept is based upon geomorphic landform and surface composition, which are used to distinguish lizard macro and micro-habitat components. The micro-habitat requirements of individual species are linked to macro geomorphic landforms via their mutual microhabitat characterizations. Chapter 3 describes the development of the spatially explicit LizLand habitat model. LizLand is based on the concept of reptile habitat developed and described in Chapter 2. Digital data used to construct the model include geomorphic landform, surface composition, hydrologic, and elevation data. The model is validated for MCAGCC using secondary species locational data and developed for two additional species for which no primary data were collected. The implications of LizLand for military land management are discussed. The final paper explores in greater depth the relationship between Callisaurus draconoides and the geomorphic landform habitat class alluvial plains. It compares C. draconoides observations on unpaved alluvial plain roads to surrounding habitats and observations between MCAGCC and JOTR. Finally, it considers the use of C. draconoides as an indicator species given its affinity for unpaved alluvial plain roads. Title: The LizLand model : geomorphic landform and surface composition analysis of lizard habitat in the California Mojave Desert Author: Heaton, Jill S. This dissertation had three main objectives: 1) investigate the role of macro and micro geomorphology in determining lizard distributions in the Southern California Mojave Desert; 2) develop a spatially explicit lizard habitat model based upon geomorphology; and, 3) determine the interactive effects of geomorphology, roads, and land use in defining lizard habitat. To achieve these objectives a new concept of reptile habitat was developed. Primary field data on presence/absence of lizards in relation to macro and micro geomorphology were collected for three conspicuous and widely distributed Mojave Desert lizard species: Cnemidophorus tigris, Callisaurus draconoides, and Uta stansburiana. Study sites were distributed between the Marine Air Ground Task Force Training Command Marine Corps Air Ground Combat Center (MCAGCC) and Joshua Tree National Park (JOTR) in the Southern California Mojave Desert. Chapter 2 develops a new concept of reptile habitat in and environments. This concept is based upon geomorphic landform and surface composition, which are used to distinguish lizard macro and micro-habitat components. The micro-habitat requirements of individual species are linked to macro geomorphic landforms via their mutual microhabitat characterizations. Chapter 3 describes the development of the spatially explicit LizLand habitat model. LizLand is based on the concept of reptile habitat developed and described in Chapter 2. Digital data used to construct the model include geomorphic landform, surface composition, hydrologic, and elevation data. The model is validated for MCAGCC using secondary species locational data and developed for two additional species for which no primary data were collected. The implications of LizLand for military land management are discussed. The final paper explores in greater depth the relationship between Callisaurus draconoides and the geomorphic landform habitat class alluvial plains. It compares C. draconoides observations on unpaved alluvial plain roads to surrounding habitats and observations between MCAGCC and JOTR. Finally, it considers the use of C. draconoides as an indicator species given its affinity for unpaved alluvial plain roads. Close

• 60. [Article] Oak habitat user guide.pdf

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Oak habitat user guide.pdf Author: Defenders of Wildlife Title: Oak habitat user guide.pdf Author: Defenders of Wildlife Close