Search

Search Results

• 2501. [Article] Effectiveness Monitoring Report for the Western Oregon Stream Restoration Program, 1999-2008 Report Number: OPSW-ODFW-2010-6

  Abstract -- State and federal agencies have invested millions of dollars to restore streams and watersheds in the Pacific Northwest over the past two decades. In Oregon alone, over 500 million dollars ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Effectiveness Monitoring Report for the Western Oregon Stream Restoration Program, 1999-2008 Report Number: OPSW-ODFW-2010-6 Abstract -- State and federal agencies have invested millions of dollars to restore streams and watersheds in the Pacific Northwest over the past two decades. In Oregon alone, over 500 million dollars has been spent on completed projects from 1995 to 2007 (Oregon Watershed Enhancement Board 2009). Restoration practitioners have distributed the investment among watershed scale activities such as road repair, dam removal, and upland management, and stream scale activities such as passage, instream complexity, and riparian plantings. The Western Oregon Stream Restoration Program (WOSRP) was established to work in cooperation with private and corporate landowners to restore stream habitat for juvenile and adult salmonids. In addition to the WOSRP, the Oregon Watershed Enhancement Board (OWEB) funds restoration projects with local watershed councils, who commonly partner with state and federal agencies. Eight WOSRP restoration biologists in Tillamook, Newport, Charleston, Gold Beach, Roseburg, Clackamas, and Salem select sites and implement projects consistent with the criteria described in Thom et al (2001). A monitoring component is integrated in the program, with surveys coordinated and reported by a biologist in Corvallis. The goal of the monitoring program is to assess the long term effectiveness of instream restoration projects implemented by WOSRP, and to evaluate progress towards salmon conservation and recovery goals in Oregon’s coastal basins. The WOSRP restoration sites are distributed throughout the Willamette, Lower Columbia, and coastal drainage's. Restoration treatments added large wood and/or boulders, improved fish passage, planted trees in riparian areas, or were a combination of the three. Large wood was placed in complex jams at intervals throughout the stream to increase stream roughness and complexity. Boulders were sometimes used in conjunction with wood jams to provide stability to the structures, and prevent large wood from moving downstream and posing a hazard to culverts and bridges. Bedrock dominated streams were often treated with boulders to collect gravel and cobble, intended to aggrade the streambed. In the future, large wood may be added to these streams. Fish passage projects opened previously inaccessible habitat to juvenile and/or adult salmonids while riparian plantings and fencing were designed to improve riparian vegetation and bank structure. The project length varied from site to site. Fish passage sites were quite short, but provided access to kilometers of fish habitat, and large wood sites were up to several kilometers in length. Large wood and boulder placement projects have become commonplace in the Pacific Northwest to restore complex stream habitat for juvenile coho and other salmonids (Katz et al. 2007, Roni et al. 2008). Detailed assessments have been published for individual projects or experiments (e.g. Moore and Gregory, 1988, Nickelson et al. 1992, Cederholm et al.1997). More extensive evaluations have used a post treatment design (Hicks et al 1991, Roni and Quinn 2001), but none have used a pre- and post treatment design. In this paper we evaluate habitat changes at 103 restoration projects in western Oregon from pre-treatment to one year post treatment to 6 years following treatment. Projects commonly treated 0.5 – 1 km of stream, but some extended up to 6 km. The projects we evaluated in this paper were treated with large logs, usually arranged in jams, and were not cabled or driven into banks or bottom. As of 2008, the OWEB and WOSRP projects have treated approximately 750 km of stream with large wood (Figure 1), 120 km with boulders, and over 4,000 km of stream have been made accessible by replacing and/or removing culverts. Each year, OWEB receives 210 grant applications for restoration projects. These projects generally adhere to a similar selection process and design, so the results of this study can be expected to apply more broadly within the Pacific Northwest. Roni et al (2008), in a synthesis paper, summarized many of the potential physical benefits of restoration; these include pool depth and frequency, habitat complexity, woody debris, and sediment retention and quality of spawning gravel. Some projects in deeply incised channels have reduced the incision and increased bed elevation. Evaluations of biological responses have been confounded by natural variability of populations, duration of study, or length of stream examined. For example, determination of success based on spawning ground counts is problematic because of variation in ocean survival. However, longer duration and watershed scale studies have shown positive responses of juvenile and adult salmon (Johnson et al 2005). Burnett et al. (2008) conducted a systematic review of peer-reviewed articles to examine the effects of large wood placement on salmonid abundance, growth, or survival, or on overall stream habitat complexity. Few publications were both relevant and met the rigorous standards outlined in their review. Although the review supported short term improvements in habitat complexity, the relationship to salmonid productivity was less definitive. Notable exceptions included Johnson et al. (2005) cited above, and Solazzi et al. (2000). An alternative approach to directly assessing biological response is to model potential changes in abundance or productivity. The Habitat Limiting Factors Model (Reeves et al. 1989, Nickelson et al.1992a, Nickelson 1998) was developed to quantify the carrying capacity of coastal streams for juvenile coho during the summer and winter. Use of this model is appropriate because most of the instream restoration projects in western Oregon were intended to improve habitat for juvenile coho. In this paper, we evaluated the physical response directly, and quantified the potential response of juvenile coho salmon by application of the Habitat Limiting Factors Model. Project effectiveness monitoring requires linking the restoration treatment to improved physical conditions for and biological response of salmon (Katz et al. 2007) and defining desired outcomes (Rumps et al. 2007). Because the WOSRP projects were designed to improve ecological and hydrologic stream function specifically for salmonids, we evaluated 1) retention of wood structures, 2) natural recruitment of additional wood, 3) increase in pool number, area, and depth, 4) retention of gravels and sorting of finer substrates, and 5) increase in channel complexity – secondary channels and off-channel habitats. Biological evaluation was based on estimates of the potential carrying capacity for juvenile coho during the overwinter life stage. The primary objectives of this evaluation are to test for these changes one year following treatment and 6 years following treatment. Secondarily, we evaluated the response of the projects by geographic location and position along the stream network. Previous WOSRP monitoring reports (e.g. Jacobsen and Jones 2003, Jacobsen et al. 2007) have focused on conditions one year following treatment, with relatively few sites assessed 2-3 years following restoration. Since 2003, the restoration projects have increased in complexity – more and larger pieces and jams, and treated more kilometers of stream length per site. The WOSRP program has provided a unique opportunity to evaluate the effects of restoration projects over longer times and broader geographic scales than previously feasible. We have been surveying the restoration sites in both summer and winter to monitor changes in stream habitat and evaluate the success of treatments, such as the placement of wood and/or boulders and fish passage. Surveys are logistically easier to manage in the summer, but surveys conducted during the winter provide a more timely and accurate assessment of over-winter rearing potential for juvenile coho. Because we have paired surveys, we are able to assess the added value of revisits across seasons. We test the hypothesis that habitat characteristics at the restoration sites do not change from summer to winter. The findings permit us to modify the survey program if the information is duplicative, and use the resources in another fashion. Title: Effectiveness Monitoring Report for the Western Oregon Stream Restoration Program, 1999-2008 Report Number: OPSW-ODFW-2010-6 Abstract -- State and federal agencies have invested millions of dollars to restore streams and watersheds in the Pacific Northwest over the past two decades. In Oregon alone, over 500 million dollars has been spent on completed projects from 1995 to 2007 (Oregon Watershed Enhancement Board 2009). Restoration practitioners have distributed the investment among watershed scale activities such as road repair, dam removal, and upland management, and stream scale activities such as passage, instream complexity, and riparian plantings. The Western Oregon Stream Restoration Program (WOSRP) was established to work in cooperation with private and corporate landowners to restore stream habitat for juvenile and adult salmonids. In addition to the WOSRP, the Oregon Watershed Enhancement Board (OWEB) funds restoration projects with local watershed councils, who commonly partner with state and federal agencies. Eight WOSRP restoration biologists in Tillamook, Newport, Charleston, Gold Beach, Roseburg, Clackamas, and Salem select sites and implement projects consistent with the criteria described in Thom et al (2001). A monitoring component is integrated in the program, with surveys coordinated and reported by a biologist in Corvallis. The goal of the monitoring program is to assess the long term effectiveness of instream restoration projects implemented by WOSRP, and to evaluate progress towards salmon conservation and recovery goals in Oregon’s coastal basins. The WOSRP restoration sites are distributed throughout the Willamette, Lower Columbia, and coastal drainage's. Restoration treatments added large wood and/or boulders, improved fish passage, planted trees in riparian areas, or were a combination of the three. Large wood was placed in complex jams at intervals throughout the stream to increase stream roughness and complexity. Boulders were sometimes used in conjunction with wood jams to provide stability to the structures, and prevent large wood from moving downstream and posing a hazard to culverts and bridges. Bedrock dominated streams were often treated with boulders to collect gravel and cobble, intended to aggrade the streambed. In the future, large wood may be added to these streams. Fish passage projects opened previously inaccessible habitat to juvenile and/or adult salmonids while riparian plantings and fencing were designed to improve riparian vegetation and bank structure. The project length varied from site to site. Fish passage sites were quite short, but provided access to kilometers of fish habitat, and large wood sites were up to several kilometers in length. Large wood and boulder placement projects have become commonplace in the Pacific Northwest to restore complex stream habitat for juvenile coho and other salmonids (Katz et al. 2007, Roni et al. 2008). Detailed assessments have been published for individual projects or experiments (e.g. Moore and Gregory, 1988, Nickelson et al. 1992, Cederholm et al.1997). More extensive evaluations have used a post treatment design (Hicks et al 1991, Roni and Quinn 2001), but none have used a pre- and post treatment design. In this paper we evaluate habitat changes at 103 restoration projects in western Oregon from pre-treatment to one year post treatment to 6 years following treatment. Projects commonly treated 0.5 – 1 km of stream, but some extended up to 6 km. The projects we evaluated in this paper were treated with large logs, usually arranged in jams, and were not cabled or driven into banks or bottom. As of 2008, the OWEB and WOSRP projects have treated approximately 750 km of stream with large wood (Figure 1), 120 km with boulders, and over 4,000 km of stream have been made accessible by replacing and/or removing culverts. Each year, OWEB receives 210 grant applications for restoration projects. These projects generally adhere to a similar selection process and design, so the results of this study can be expected to apply more broadly within the Pacific Northwest. Roni et al (2008), in a synthesis paper, summarized many of the potential physical benefits of restoration; these include pool depth and frequency, habitat complexity, woody debris, and sediment retention and quality of spawning gravel. Some projects in deeply incised channels have reduced the incision and increased bed elevation. Evaluations of biological responses have been confounded by natural variability of populations, duration of study, or length of stream examined. For example, determination of success based on spawning ground counts is problematic because of variation in ocean survival. However, longer duration and watershed scale studies have shown positive responses of juvenile and adult salmon (Johnson et al 2005). Burnett et al. (2008) conducted a systematic review of peer-reviewed articles to examine the effects of large wood placement on salmonid abundance, growth, or survival, or on overall stream habitat complexity. Few publications were both relevant and met the rigorous standards outlined in their review. Although the review supported short term improvements in habitat complexity, the relationship to salmonid productivity was less definitive. Notable exceptions included Johnson et al. (2005) cited above, and Solazzi et al. (2000). An alternative approach to directly assessing biological response is to model potential changes in abundance or productivity. The Habitat Limiting Factors Model (Reeves et al. 1989, Nickelson et al.1992a, Nickelson 1998) was developed to quantify the carrying capacity of coastal streams for juvenile coho during the summer and winter. Use of this model is appropriate because most of the instream restoration projects in western Oregon were intended to improve habitat for juvenile coho. In this paper, we evaluated the physical response directly, and quantified the potential response of juvenile coho salmon by application of the Habitat Limiting Factors Model. Project effectiveness monitoring requires linking the restoration treatment to improved physical conditions for and biological response of salmon (Katz et al. 2007) and defining desired outcomes (Rumps et al. 2007). Because the WOSRP projects were designed to improve ecological and hydrologic stream function specifically for salmonids, we evaluated 1) retention of wood structures, 2) natural recruitment of additional wood, 3) increase in pool number, area, and depth, 4) retention of gravels and sorting of finer substrates, and 5) increase in channel complexity – secondary channels and off-channel habitats. Biological evaluation was based on estimates of the potential carrying capacity for juvenile coho during the overwinter life stage. The primary objectives of this evaluation are to test for these changes one year following treatment and 6 years following treatment. Secondarily, we evaluated the response of the projects by geographic location and position along the stream network. Previous WOSRP monitoring reports (e.g. Jacobsen and Jones 2003, Jacobsen et al. 2007) have focused on conditions one year following treatment, with relatively few sites assessed 2-3 years following restoration. Since 2003, the restoration projects have increased in complexity – more and larger pieces and jams, and treated more kilometers of stream length per site. The WOSRP program has provided a unique opportunity to evaluate the effects of restoration projects over longer times and broader geographic scales than previously feasible. We have been surveying the restoration sites in both summer and winter to monitor changes in stream habitat and evaluate the success of treatments, such as the placement of wood and/or boulders and fish passage. Surveys are logistically easier to manage in the summer, but surveys conducted during the winter provide a more timely and accurate assessment of over-winter rearing potential for juvenile coho. Because we have paired surveys, we are able to assess the added value of revisits across seasons. We test the hypothesis that habitat characteristics at the restoration sites do not change from summer to winter. The findings permit us to modify the survey program if the information is duplicative, and use the resources in another fashion. Close

• 2502. [Article] Abundance Monitoring of Juvenile Salmonids In Coastal Oregon and Lower Columbia Streams, 2010 Report Number: OPSW-ODFW-2011-1

  Abstract -- This report provides a summary of results from summer juvenile salmonid surveys conducted on the Oregon coast and lower Columbia River in 2010. Coho density metrics were higher in the Oregon ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Abundance Monitoring of Juvenile Salmonids In Coastal Oregon and Lower Columbia Streams, 2010 Report Number: OPSW-ODFW-2011-1 Abstract -- This report provides a summary of results from summer juvenile salmonid surveys conducted on the Oregon coast and lower Columbia River in 2010. Coho density metrics were higher in the Oregon Coast coho ESU than in the Southern Oregon Northern California coho ESU and the Lower Columbia coho ESU, which were similar. Occupancy metrics were highest in the Oregon Coast ESU, intermediate in the Southern Oregon Northern California coho ESU and lowest in the lower Columbia coho ESU. Within the Oregon Coast Coho ESU the Mid South Monitoring Area metrics were similar to the average since 1998, while the North Coast and Mid Coast were higher and the Umpqua was lower. Juvenile steelhead estimates were comparable to previous years in all DPSs, with steelhead the most abundant and widespread in the Klamath Mountains Province. As suggested by the results of the Smith River Verification Study in 2010 the maximum depth of survey pool size criteria was lowered from =40 cm to =20 cm. Data which included these smaller pools was analyzed separately to facilitate the comparison of density and occupancy metrics to previous years. Analyses which included smaller pools did not produce significant differences in fish/m², pool occupancy or pool population estimates. Site occupancies increased slightly in the Mid-Coast MA and decreased in the Umpqua MA. Title: Abundance Monitoring of Juvenile Salmonids In Coastal Oregon and Lower Columbia Streams, 2010 Report Number: OPSW-ODFW-2011-1 Abstract -- This report provides a summary of results from summer juvenile salmonid surveys conducted on the Oregon coast and lower Columbia River in 2010. Coho density metrics were higher in the Oregon Coast coho ESU than in the Southern Oregon Northern California coho ESU and the Lower Columbia coho ESU, which were similar. Occupancy metrics were highest in the Oregon Coast ESU, intermediate in the Southern Oregon Northern California coho ESU and lowest in the lower Columbia coho ESU. Within the Oregon Coast Coho ESU the Mid South Monitoring Area metrics were similar to the average since 1998, while the North Coast and Mid Coast were higher and the Umpqua was lower. Juvenile steelhead estimates were comparable to previous years in all DPSs, with steelhead the most abundant and widespread in the Klamath Mountains Province. As suggested by the results of the Smith River Verification Study in 2010 the maximum depth of survey pool size criteria was lowered from =40 cm to =20 cm. Data which included these smaller pools was analyzed separately to facilitate the comparison of density and occupancy metrics to previous years. Analyses which included smaller pools did not produce significant differences in fish/m², pool occupancy or pool population estimates. Site occupancies increased slightly in the Mid-Coast MA and decreased in the Umpqua MA. Close

• 2503. [Article] Juvenile Salmonid Monitoring In Coastal Oregon and Lower Columbia Streams, 2011 Report Number: OPSW-ODFW-2012-1

  Abstract -- This report provides a summary of results from juvenile coho and steelhead surveys conducted on the Oregon coast and lower Columbia River in 2011 and an analysis of these results relative to ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Juvenile Salmonid Monitoring In Coastal Oregon and Lower Columbia Streams, 2011 Report Number: OPSW-ODFW-2012-1 Abstract -- This report provides a summary of results from juvenile coho and steelhead surveys conducted on the Oregon coast and lower Columbia River in 2011 and an analysis of these results relative to previous years. Distribution measures are given specific to species and include site occupancy (the percent of sites with fish present) and pool occupancy (average percent of pools with fish) for the Monitoring Area (MA), Evolutionarily Significant Unit (ESU) or Distinct Population Segment (DPS). Abundance measures are also specific to species and include the average density of fish in pools for each MA, ESU and DPS and population estimates in pools extrapolated to MA, ESU and DPS scale. Prior reports can be found at http://nrimp.dfw.state.or.us/crl/default.aspx?pn=WORP. Oregon Coast Coho (OCC) ESU density and pool population estimates for 2011 were higher than in 1998-2000, but similar to 2001-2010. Coho site occupancies in 2011 were the highest since sampling began in 1998. We observed a small, but positive trend in the site occupancy and pool population estimates for coho across the ESU from 1998 to 2011. Density and occupancy metrics were higher in each MA than the average condition from 1998 – 2010. Southern Oregon Northern California Coho (SONCC) ESU density estimates in 2011 were similar to 2009-2010, but lower than the estimate for 2008. Pool population estimates were similar to the average from 1998-2010, but lower than in 2008. Pool occupancy was similar to the average from 1998-2010. Site occupancy in 2011 was slightly below the average from 1998-2010. No increasing or decreasing trends were detected for the ESU. Lower Columbia River (LCR) coho density, pool population, and pool occupancy estimates for 2011 were similar to previous years. Site occupancy in 2011 was slightly below the average site occupancy from 2006 – 2010. No increasing or decreasing trends were detected for the ESU. Coho density estimates were higher in the OCC than the SONCC and the LCR, which were similar. Occupancy metrics were highest in the OCC, intermediate in the SONCC, and lowest in the LCR. Juvenile steelhead density, pool population and pool occupancy estimates from 2011 were comparable to previous years in all DPSs. Site occupancies for the Oregon Coast DPS in 2011 were the highest since sampling began. Steelhead were more abundant and widespread in the Klamath Mountains Province than the Oregon Coast, Southwest WA or Lower Columbia River DPSs, which had similar density metrics. Steelhead in the Oregon Coast DPS were more widespread then in either Columbia River DPSs. In accordance with the findings of the Smith River Verification Study (Constable and Suring in prep.) we lowered our pool depth criteria to include pools that are =20 cm in maximum depth. This change was made in survey year 2010 and continued in 2011. Data which included these smaller pools was analyzed separately to facilitate the comparison of density and occupancy metrics to previous years. Analyses which included smaller pools produced higher site occupancies for coho in the Mid Coast and Umpqua and for steelhead in the Mid Coast, Mid South Coast, Umpqua MAs and the Klamath Mountains and Southwest Washington DPSs. Pool population estimates also increased with the addition of the smaller pools. Title: Juvenile Salmonid Monitoring In Coastal Oregon and Lower Columbia Streams, 2011 Report Number: OPSW-ODFW-2012-1 Abstract -- This report provides a summary of results from juvenile coho and steelhead surveys conducted on the Oregon coast and lower Columbia River in 2011 and an analysis of these results relative to previous years. Distribution measures are given specific to species and include site occupancy (the percent of sites with fish present) and pool occupancy (average percent of pools with fish) for the Monitoring Area (MA), Evolutionarily Significant Unit (ESU) or Distinct Population Segment (DPS). Abundance measures are also specific to species and include the average density of fish in pools for each MA, ESU and DPS and population estimates in pools extrapolated to MA, ESU and DPS scale. Prior reports can be found at http://nrimp.dfw.state.or.us/crl/default.aspx?pn=WORP. Oregon Coast Coho (OCC) ESU density and pool population estimates for 2011 were higher than in 1998-2000, but similar to 2001-2010. Coho site occupancies in 2011 were the highest since sampling began in 1998. We observed a small, but positive trend in the site occupancy and pool population estimates for coho across the ESU from 1998 to 2011. Density and occupancy metrics were higher in each MA than the average condition from 1998 – 2010. Southern Oregon Northern California Coho (SONCC) ESU density estimates in 2011 were similar to 2009-2010, but lower than the estimate for 2008. Pool population estimates were similar to the average from 1998-2010, but lower than in 2008. Pool occupancy was similar to the average from 1998-2010. Site occupancy in 2011 was slightly below the average from 1998-2010. No increasing or decreasing trends were detected for the ESU. Lower Columbia River (LCR) coho density, pool population, and pool occupancy estimates for 2011 were similar to previous years. Site occupancy in 2011 was slightly below the average site occupancy from 2006 – 2010. No increasing or decreasing trends were detected for the ESU. Coho density estimates were higher in the OCC than the SONCC and the LCR, which were similar. Occupancy metrics were highest in the OCC, intermediate in the SONCC, and lowest in the LCR. Juvenile steelhead density, pool population and pool occupancy estimates from 2011 were comparable to previous years in all DPSs. Site occupancies for the Oregon Coast DPS in 2011 were the highest since sampling began. Steelhead were more abundant and widespread in the Klamath Mountains Province than the Oregon Coast, Southwest WA or Lower Columbia River DPSs, which had similar density metrics. Steelhead in the Oregon Coast DPS were more widespread then in either Columbia River DPSs. In accordance with the findings of the Smith River Verification Study (Constable and Suring in prep.) we lowered our pool depth criteria to include pools that are =20 cm in maximum depth. This change was made in survey year 2010 and continued in 2011. Data which included these smaller pools was analyzed separately to facilitate the comparison of density and occupancy metrics to previous years. Analyses which included smaller pools produced higher site occupancies for coho in the Mid Coast and Umpqua and for steelhead in the Mid Coast, Mid South Coast, Umpqua MAs and the Klamath Mountains and Southwest Washington DPSs. Pool population estimates also increased with the addition of the smaller pools. Close

• 2504. [Article] Juvenile Salmonid Monitoring In Coastal Oregon and Lower Columbia Streams, 2012 Report Number: OPSW-ODFW-2013-1

  Abstract -- This report provides analysis of data from juvenile salmonid surveys in 2012, comparisons with results from previous years, and information on trends in juvenile salmonid distribution and abundance. ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Juvenile Salmonid Monitoring In Coastal Oregon and Lower Columbia Streams, 2012 Report Number: OPSW-ODFW-2013-1 Abstract -- This report provides analysis of data from juvenile salmonid surveys in 2012, comparisons with results from previous years, and information on trends in juvenile salmonid distribution and abundance. Distribution metrics are specific to species and include site occupancy (the percent of sites with fish present) and pool frequency (average percent of pools per site with fish) for each Monitoring Area (MA), Evolutionarily Significant Unit (ESU) or Distinct Population Segment (DPS) in the project area. Abundance metrics are also specific to species and include the average density and population estimates in pools for each MA and ESU/DPS. Prior reports can be found at https://nrimp.dfw.state.or.us/crl/default.aspx?pn=WORP. Oregon Coast Coho (OCC) ESU density estimates were lower than in 2011. Pool population estimates and site occupancies were similar to 2011. We observed a small, but positive trend in occupancy and pool population estimates for coho across the ESU from 1998-2012. Within the four coastal monitoring areas, density and occupancy estimates were higher than the average from 1998-2011 in the Mid Coast MA, similar to the average in the Umpqua and North Coast, and lower in the Mid South. Pooling of data into three year “brood groups” indicated the current group had higher combined population estimates than the earliest two groups but was similar to 2004-2006 and 2007-2009. Site occupancy was higher in the current brood group than in any other group. Southern Oregon Northern California Coho (SONCC) ESU density and site occupancy estimates were the lowest recorded. Pool population estimates were similar to the average from 1998-2011. The current brood group had a higher population estimate than for 1998-2000, but the estimate was lower than all other brood groups. Site occupancy for current brood group was also lower than the other brood groups. Lower Columbia River Coho (LCR) density and pool population estimates were similar to 2011 and to the average from 2006-2011. Site occupancy was slightly below the average recorded from 2006-2011. Steelhead density, pool population, and pool occupancy estimates were similar to previous years in the Oregon Coast DPS. Site occupancies for the Oregon Coast DPS were the higher than average and similar to 2011. In the Klamath Mountain Province (KMP) DPS, steelhead density and pool frequency estimates were the lowest recorded. Population estimates were similar to the average and to 2011. Site occupancy was similar to the average condition and to 2011, however the estimates for the past 3 years have been the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th lowest estimates, respectively. Steelhead density estimates in the LCR and the Southwest Washington (SWW) DPSs were similar to each other and to the average and 2011 estimates for the DPSs. Site occupancy in the LCR was similar to 2011 and to the overall average. Site occupancy in SWW was higher than in 2011 and the overall average. Population estimates for both DPSs were similar to 2011 and to the overall average. Analyses which included shallower pools produced higher site occupancies in the Umpqua, Mid Coast and LCR for coho and in the Umpqua and the KMP for steelhead. Pool population estimates also increased with the addition of the smaller pools and had proportionately smaller confidence intervals. Title: Juvenile Salmonid Monitoring In Coastal Oregon and Lower Columbia Streams, 2012 Report Number: OPSW-ODFW-2013-1 Abstract -- This report provides analysis of data from juvenile salmonid surveys in 2012, comparisons with results from previous years, and information on trends in juvenile salmonid distribution and abundance. Distribution metrics are specific to species and include site occupancy (the percent of sites with fish present) and pool frequency (average percent of pools per site with fish) for each Monitoring Area (MA), Evolutionarily Significant Unit (ESU) or Distinct Population Segment (DPS) in the project area. Abundance metrics are also specific to species and include the average density and population estimates in pools for each MA and ESU/DPS. Prior reports can be found at https://nrimp.dfw.state.or.us/crl/default.aspx?pn=WORP. Oregon Coast Coho (OCC) ESU density estimates were lower than in 2011. Pool population estimates and site occupancies were similar to 2011. We observed a small, but positive trend in occupancy and pool population estimates for coho across the ESU from 1998-2012. Within the four coastal monitoring areas, density and occupancy estimates were higher than the average from 1998-2011 in the Mid Coast MA, similar to the average in the Umpqua and North Coast, and lower in the Mid South. Pooling of data into three year “brood groups” indicated the current group had higher combined population estimates than the earliest two groups but was similar to 2004-2006 and 2007-2009. Site occupancy was higher in the current brood group than in any other group. Southern Oregon Northern California Coho (SONCC) ESU density and site occupancy estimates were the lowest recorded. Pool population estimates were similar to the average from 1998-2011. The current brood group had a higher population estimate than for 1998-2000, but the estimate was lower than all other brood groups. Site occupancy for current brood group was also lower than the other brood groups. Lower Columbia River Coho (LCR) density and pool population estimates were similar to 2011 and to the average from 2006-2011. Site occupancy was slightly below the average recorded from 2006-2011. Steelhead density, pool population, and pool occupancy estimates were similar to previous years in the Oregon Coast DPS. Site occupancies for the Oregon Coast DPS were the higher than average and similar to 2011. In the Klamath Mountain Province (KMP) DPS, steelhead density and pool frequency estimates were the lowest recorded. Population estimates were similar to the average and to 2011. Site occupancy was similar to the average condition and to 2011, however the estimates for the past 3 years have been the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th lowest estimates, respectively. Steelhead density estimates in the LCR and the Southwest Washington (SWW) DPSs were similar to each other and to the average and 2011 estimates for the DPSs. Site occupancy in the LCR was similar to 2011 and to the overall average. Site occupancy in SWW was higher than in 2011 and the overall average. Population estimates for both DPSs were similar to 2011 and to the overall average. Analyses which included shallower pools produced higher site occupancies in the Umpqua, Mid Coast and LCR for coho and in the Umpqua and the KMP for steelhead. Pool population estimates also increased with the addition of the smaller pools and had proportionately smaller confidence intervals. Close

• 2505. [Article] Juvenile Salmonid Monitoring In Coastal Oregon and Lower Columbia Streams, 2013 Report Number: OPSW-ODFW-2014-1

  Abstract -- This report analyzes data from juvenile salmonid surveys across coastal Oregon in 2013. Results from this year are compared with our findings from 1998 – 2012. This unique, long term data set ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Juvenile Salmonid Monitoring In Coastal Oregon and Lower Columbia Streams, 2013 Report Number: OPSW-ODFW-2014-1 Abstract -- This report analyzes data from juvenile salmonid surveys across coastal Oregon in 2013. Results from this year are compared with our findings from 1998 – 2012. This unique, long term data set is used to monitor and describe trends in juvenile salmonid distribution and abundance for the three coho Evolutionarily Significant Units (ESU) and the four steelhead Distinct Population Segments (DPS) in coastal Oregon. Full reports from prior years are available at: https://nrimp.dfw.state.or.us/crl/default.aspx?pn=WORP. Oregon Coast Coho (OCC) ESU juvenile density estimates in 2013 were higher than any other year. The site occupancy rate in 2013 was similar to 2012. The latest three cohorts had the 1st, 3rd, and 2nd highest occupancy rates estimated over the duration of the project. Pool population estimates in 2013 were similar to 2012 and to the average of the last three cohorts. Overall, we observed a small, positive trend in occupancy and pool population estimates across the ESU from 1998-2013. In the Oregon Coast Coho ESU plots of parr abundance with female spawner abundance suggest limits to parr production in freshwater habitats. Southern Oregon Northern California Coho (SONCC) ESU juvenile density estimates were similar to 2012 and to the average since 1998. Site occupancy was higher in 2013 than in 2012 but these estimates were the two lowest observed. Pool population estimates were similar to 2012, but lower than in most years, with the exclusion of the 1998-2000 estimates. Regressions of both site occupancy and pool population estimates to survey year do not show detectable trend since the start of monitoring in the ESU. Lower Columbia River Coho (LCR) density, site occupancy, and pool population estimates were similar to 2012 and to the average since 2006. Regressions of both site occupancy and pool population estimates to survey year do not show detectable trends since the start of monitoring in the ESU. The Oregon Coast Steelhead DPS density estimate in 2013 was higher than in 2012 and the average since 2002. Pool population estimates in 2013 were similar to 2012 and to the average. Site occupancy estimates from 2013 were similar to 2012 and the latest three years have had the three highest occupancy estimates. In the Klamath Mountain Province (KMP) DPS, steelhead density in 2013 was the lowest recorded and similar to the next lowest estimate in 2012. Pool population estimates were similar to the average and to 2012. Site occupancy was the third lowest estimate, and similar to the low in 2012. Steelhead density estimates in the LCR and the Southwest Washington (SWW) DPSs in 2013 were similar to each other, to average, and to the 2012 estimates. Site occupancies in the LCR and SWW were similar to 2012 and to the average estimates for the DPSs. Point estimates for site occupancy in SWW for the last two years have been the first and second highest recorded. Pool population estimates for both DPSs were similar to 2012 and to the average. Analyses which included shallow pools (below our former 40cm maximum depth criteria) produced higher site occupancies and larger pool population estimates with proportionately smaller confidence intervals. Population estimates that included shallow pools tracked with those based on the former pool criteria. Title: Juvenile Salmonid Monitoring In Coastal Oregon and Lower Columbia Streams, 2013 Report Number: OPSW-ODFW-2014-1 Abstract -- This report analyzes data from juvenile salmonid surveys across coastal Oregon in 2013. Results from this year are compared with our findings from 1998 – 2012. This unique, long term data set is used to monitor and describe trends in juvenile salmonid distribution and abundance for the three coho Evolutionarily Significant Units (ESU) and the four steelhead Distinct Population Segments (DPS) in coastal Oregon. Full reports from prior years are available at: https://nrimp.dfw.state.or.us/crl/default.aspx?pn=WORP. Oregon Coast Coho (OCC) ESU juvenile density estimates in 2013 were higher than any other year. The site occupancy rate in 2013 was similar to 2012. The latest three cohorts had the 1st, 3rd, and 2nd highest occupancy rates estimated over the duration of the project. Pool population estimates in 2013 were similar to 2012 and to the average of the last three cohorts. Overall, we observed a small, positive trend in occupancy and pool population estimates across the ESU from 1998-2013. In the Oregon Coast Coho ESU plots of parr abundance with female spawner abundance suggest limits to parr production in freshwater habitats. Southern Oregon Northern California Coho (SONCC) ESU juvenile density estimates were similar to 2012 and to the average since 1998. Site occupancy was higher in 2013 than in 2012 but these estimates were the two lowest observed. Pool population estimates were similar to 2012, but lower than in most years, with the exclusion of the 1998-2000 estimates. Regressions of both site occupancy and pool population estimates to survey year do not show detectable trend since the start of monitoring in the ESU. Lower Columbia River Coho (LCR) density, site occupancy, and pool population estimates were similar to 2012 and to the average since 2006. Regressions of both site occupancy and pool population estimates to survey year do not show detectable trends since the start of monitoring in the ESU. The Oregon Coast Steelhead DPS density estimate in 2013 was higher than in 2012 and the average since 2002. Pool population estimates in 2013 were similar to 2012 and to the average. Site occupancy estimates from 2013 were similar to 2012 and the latest three years have had the three highest occupancy estimates. In the Klamath Mountain Province (KMP) DPS, steelhead density in 2013 was the lowest recorded and similar to the next lowest estimate in 2012. Pool population estimates were similar to the average and to 2012. Site occupancy was the third lowest estimate, and similar to the low in 2012. Steelhead density estimates in the LCR and the Southwest Washington (SWW) DPSs in 2013 were similar to each other, to average, and to the 2012 estimates. Site occupancies in the LCR and SWW were similar to 2012 and to the average estimates for the DPSs. Point estimates for site occupancy in SWW for the last two years have been the first and second highest recorded. Pool population estimates for both DPSs were similar to 2012 and to the average. Analyses which included shallow pools (below our former 40cm maximum depth criteria) produced higher site occupancies and larger pool population estimates with proportionately smaller confidence intervals. Population estimates that included shallow pools tracked with those based on the former pool criteria. Close

• 2506. [Article] Juvenile Salmonid Monitoring In Coastal Oregon and Lower Columbia Streams, 2014 Report Number: OPSW-ODFW-2015-1

  Abstract -- This report analyzes data from juvenile salmonid surveys across coastal Oregon in 2014. Results from 2014 are compared with results from previous years and used to describe trends in juvenile ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Juvenile Salmonid Monitoring In Coastal Oregon and Lower Columbia Streams, 2014 Report Number: OPSW-ODFW-2015-1 Abstract -- This report analyzes data from juvenile salmonid surveys across coastal Oregon in 2014. Results from 2014 are compared with results from previous years and used to describe trends in juvenile salmonid distribution and abundance for the three coho Evolutionarily Significant Units (ESU) and the four steelhead Distinct Population Segments (DPS) in coastal Oregon. For prior reports visit https://nrimp.dfw.state.or.us/crl/default.aspx?pn=WORP. The Oregon Coast Coho (OCC) ESU density estimate in 2014 was lower than the recorded high estimate in 2013. The 2014 density estimate was also lower than the 1998-2013 average for the ESU. Site occupancy in 2014 was similar to 2013. Occupancy rates appear to be increasing for the ESU since the start of monitoring in 1998. The pool population estimate in 2014 was lower than in 2013 and lower than the average of the cohorts from 2010-2012. In the OCC ESU plots of parr abundance with female spawner abundance suggest limits in freshwater habitat to parr production when spawner abundance exceeds approximately 80,000 females. Parr production rates typically decrease when female spawner abundance increases. The Southern Oregon Northern California Coho (SONCC) ESU density estimate in 2014 was similar to the 2013 estimate. The 2014 density estimate was lower than the average for the ESU from 1998-2013. Site occupancy in 2014 was similar to 2013. Occupancy estimates for the last 3 cohorts have been the lowest recorded since monitoring began. Pool population estimates were similar to 2013, but lower than in most years, with the exception of the estimates from 1998-2000. Lower Columbia River Coho (LCR) density, site occupancy, and pool population estimates were similar to 2013 and to the average since 2006. The Oregon Coast Steelhead DPS density estimate in 2014 was lower than 2013 but similar to the average from 2002-2013. Pool population estimates in 2014 were similar to 2013 and to the 2002-2013 average. The site occupancy estimate in 2014 was the highest recorded. The last four cohorts have had the four highest occupancy estimates. In the Klamath Mountain Province (KMP) DPS, steelhead density in 2014 was higher than the record low estimate in 2013 and similar to the DPS average from 2002-2013. The pool population estimate in 2014 was lower than 2013, but similar to the average from 2002-2013. Site occupancy was similar to 2013 and to the 2002-2013 average for the DPS. Steelhead density estimates in the LCR and the Southwest Washington (SWW) DPSs in 2014 were similar to each other, to averages for each DPS since 2006, and to the 2013 estimates. Site occupancy in 2014 for the LCR DPS was the highest recorded. In the SWW DPS site occupancy was similar to 2013 and to the 2006-2013 average estimates. Pool population estimates for LCR and SWW were similar to the 2006-2013 average of the estimates for the DPSs and to 2013 estimates. The original pool depth criteria was =40cm in maximum depth. This was changed to =20cm in 2010. Analyses based on the =20cm maximum depth criteria produced larger pool population estimates with proportionately smaller confidence intervals than analyses based on the =40cm maximum depth criteria. Population estimate trends that included shallow pools tracked with those based on the former pool criteria. Title: Juvenile Salmonid Monitoring In Coastal Oregon and Lower Columbia Streams, 2014 Report Number: OPSW-ODFW-2015-1 Abstract -- This report analyzes data from juvenile salmonid surveys across coastal Oregon in 2014. Results from 2014 are compared with results from previous years and used to describe trends in juvenile salmonid distribution and abundance for the three coho Evolutionarily Significant Units (ESU) and the four steelhead Distinct Population Segments (DPS) in coastal Oregon. For prior reports visit https://nrimp.dfw.state.or.us/crl/default.aspx?pn=WORP. The Oregon Coast Coho (OCC) ESU density estimate in 2014 was lower than the recorded high estimate in 2013. The 2014 density estimate was also lower than the 1998-2013 average for the ESU. Site occupancy in 2014 was similar to 2013. Occupancy rates appear to be increasing for the ESU since the start of monitoring in 1998. The pool population estimate in 2014 was lower than in 2013 and lower than the average of the cohorts from 2010-2012. In the OCC ESU plots of parr abundance with female spawner abundance suggest limits in freshwater habitat to parr production when spawner abundance exceeds approximately 80,000 females. Parr production rates typically decrease when female spawner abundance increases. The Southern Oregon Northern California Coho (SONCC) ESU density estimate in 2014 was similar to the 2013 estimate. The 2014 density estimate was lower than the average for the ESU from 1998-2013. Site occupancy in 2014 was similar to 2013. Occupancy estimates for the last 3 cohorts have been the lowest recorded since monitoring began. Pool population estimates were similar to 2013, but lower than in most years, with the exception of the estimates from 1998-2000. Lower Columbia River Coho (LCR) density, site occupancy, and pool population estimates were similar to 2013 and to the average since 2006. The Oregon Coast Steelhead DPS density estimate in 2014 was lower than 2013 but similar to the average from 2002-2013. Pool population estimates in 2014 were similar to 2013 and to the 2002-2013 average. The site occupancy estimate in 2014 was the highest recorded. The last four cohorts have had the four highest occupancy estimates. In the Klamath Mountain Province (KMP) DPS, steelhead density in 2014 was higher than the record low estimate in 2013 and similar to the DPS average from 2002-2013. The pool population estimate in 2014 was lower than 2013, but similar to the average from 2002-2013. Site occupancy was similar to 2013 and to the 2002-2013 average for the DPS. Steelhead density estimates in the LCR and the Southwest Washington (SWW) DPSs in 2014 were similar to each other, to averages for each DPS since 2006, and to the 2013 estimates. Site occupancy in 2014 for the LCR DPS was the highest recorded. In the SWW DPS site occupancy was similar to 2013 and to the 2006-2013 average estimates. Pool population estimates for LCR and SWW were similar to the 2006-2013 average of the estimates for the DPSs and to 2013 estimates. The original pool depth criteria was =40cm in maximum depth. This was changed to =20cm in 2010. Analyses based on the =20cm maximum depth criteria produced larger pool population estimates with proportionately smaller confidence intervals than analyses based on the =40cm maximum depth criteria. Population estimate trends that included shallow pools tracked with those based on the former pool criteria. Close

• 2507. [Article] Juvenile Salmonid Monitoring In Coastal Oregon and Lower Columbia Streams, 2015 Report Number: OPSW-ODFW-2016-1

  Abstract -- This report analyzes data from juvenile salmonid surveys in the three coho Evolutionarily Significant Units (ESU) and the four steelhead Distinct Population Segments (DPS) in coastal Oregon ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Juvenile Salmonid Monitoring In Coastal Oregon and Lower Columbia Streams, 2015 Report Number: OPSW-ODFW-2016-1 Abstract -- This report analyzes data from juvenile salmonid surveys in the three coho Evolutionarily Significant Units (ESU) and the four steelhead Distinct Population Segments (DPS) in coastal Oregon for 2015. Results from 2015 are compared to previous years and used to describe trends in distribution and abundance. To access prior reports visit https://nrimp.dfw.state.or.us/crl/default.aspx?pn=WORP. Coho: Density estimates in 2015 for the Oregon Coast Coho (OCC) ESU were higher than in 2014, but similar to the 1998-2014 average for the ESU. Abundance estimates in 2015 were similar to 2004-2014, but higher than those in1998-2003. Site occupancy rates appeared to be increasing for the ESU since the start of our monitoring in 1998, although the rate from 2015 was lower than in 2014. The average occupancy rate from 2010-2015 has been similar to the average from 2004-2009 and higher than the average from 1998-2003. In the ESU plots of parr abundance against female spawner abundance suggest limits in freshwater habitat to parr production when spawner abundance exceeds approximately 80,000 females. Parr production rates in the ESU typically decrease when female spawner abundance increases. The density, number of sites at full seeding, occupancy, and pool frequency estimates in 2015 for the Southern Oregon Northern California Coho (SONCC) ESU were the lowest recorded since our monitoring began. Abundance estimates of parr from 2013-2015 were lower than those from 2001-2012 and similar to those from 1998-2000. Occupancy estimates for the last 4 cohorts have been the lowest recorded since monitoring began. Density estimates in 2015 for the Lower Columbia River Coho (LCR) were higher than in 2014 but similar to the average from 2006-2014 for the ESU. Abundance estimates of parr in 2015 were similar to the estimate in 2014 and to the 2006-2014 average. Site occupancy rates in 2015 were similar to the 2014 rate and the average rate from 2006-2014. Steelhead: The density, abundance, and occupancy rate estimates in 2015 for Oregon Coast Steelhead DPS were lower than in 2014 and lower than the 2002-2014 average for the DPS. The four cohorts previous to 2015 have had the four highest occupancy rates. Density in 2015 for the Klamath Mountain Province was lower than in 2014 and lower than the 2002-2014 average for the DPS. The 2015 and 2014 abundance estimates were the 1st and 2nd lowest recorded in the DPS. Site occupancy in 2015 was similar to 2014 and to the 2002-2014 average for the DPS. As in past years, the 2015 metrics for the two steelhead DPSs in the Lower Columbia River had similar metrics. Densities, pool frequencies, and point estimates for site occupancy and abundance were the lowest recorded in 2015. The original pool depth criteria was =40cm in maximum depth. This was changed to =20cm in 2010. Analyses based on the =20cm maximum depth criteria typically produce larger abundance estimates with proportionately smaller confidence intervals than analyses based on the =40cm maximum depth criteria. Abundance estimate trends that included shallow pools tracked with those based on the former pool criteria. Title: Juvenile Salmonid Monitoring In Coastal Oregon and Lower Columbia Streams, 2015 Report Number: OPSW-ODFW-2016-1 Abstract -- This report analyzes data from juvenile salmonid surveys in the three coho Evolutionarily Significant Units (ESU) and the four steelhead Distinct Population Segments (DPS) in coastal Oregon for 2015. Results from 2015 are compared to previous years and used to describe trends in distribution and abundance. To access prior reports visit https://nrimp.dfw.state.or.us/crl/default.aspx?pn=WORP. Coho: Density estimates in 2015 for the Oregon Coast Coho (OCC) ESU were higher than in 2014, but similar to the 1998-2014 average for the ESU. Abundance estimates in 2015 were similar to 2004-2014, but higher than those in1998-2003. Site occupancy rates appeared to be increasing for the ESU since the start of our monitoring in 1998, although the rate from 2015 was lower than in 2014. The average occupancy rate from 2010-2015 has been similar to the average from 2004-2009 and higher than the average from 1998-2003. In the ESU plots of parr abundance against female spawner abundance suggest limits in freshwater habitat to parr production when spawner abundance exceeds approximately 80,000 females. Parr production rates in the ESU typically decrease when female spawner abundance increases. The density, number of sites at full seeding, occupancy, and pool frequency estimates in 2015 for the Southern Oregon Northern California Coho (SONCC) ESU were the lowest recorded since our monitoring began. Abundance estimates of parr from 2013-2015 were lower than those from 2001-2012 and similar to those from 1998-2000. Occupancy estimates for the last 4 cohorts have been the lowest recorded since monitoring began. Density estimates in 2015 for the Lower Columbia River Coho (LCR) were higher than in 2014 but similar to the average from 2006-2014 for the ESU. Abundance estimates of parr in 2015 were similar to the estimate in 2014 and to the 2006-2014 average. Site occupancy rates in 2015 were similar to the 2014 rate and the average rate from 2006-2014. Steelhead: The density, abundance, and occupancy rate estimates in 2015 for Oregon Coast Steelhead DPS were lower than in 2014 and lower than the 2002-2014 average for the DPS. The four cohorts previous to 2015 have had the four highest occupancy rates. Density in 2015 for the Klamath Mountain Province was lower than in 2014 and lower than the 2002-2014 average for the DPS. The 2015 and 2014 abundance estimates were the 1st and 2nd lowest recorded in the DPS. Site occupancy in 2015 was similar to 2014 and to the 2002-2014 average for the DPS. As in past years, the 2015 metrics for the two steelhead DPSs in the Lower Columbia River had similar metrics. Densities, pool frequencies, and point estimates for site occupancy and abundance were the lowest recorded in 2015. The original pool depth criteria was =40cm in maximum depth. This was changed to =20cm in 2010. Analyses based on the =20cm maximum depth criteria typically produce larger abundance estimates with proportionately smaller confidence intervals than analyses based on the =40cm maximum depth criteria. Abundance estimate trends that included shallow pools tracked with those based on the former pool criteria. Close

• 2508. [Article] Juvenile Salmonid Monitoring In Coastal Oregon and Lower Columbia Streams, 2016 Report Number: OPSW-ODFW-2017-1

  Abstract -- This report analyzes monitoring data for juvenile Coho Salmon in three Evolutionarily Significant Units (ESUs) and juvenile steelhead in four Distinct Population Segments (DPSs) in western ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Juvenile Salmonid Monitoring In Coastal Oregon and Lower Columbia Streams, 2016 Report Number: OPSW-ODFW-2017-1 Abstract -- This report analyzes monitoring data for juvenile Coho Salmon in three Evolutionarily Significant Units (ESUs) and juvenile steelhead in four Distinct Population Segments (DPSs) in western Oregon. Monitoring data are used to evaluate trends in salmonid distribution and abundance, which inform conservation and recovery decisions. The analysis in this report spans the years 1998-2016. Previous annual reports can be found at: https://nrimp.dfw.state.or.us/crl/default.aspx?pn=WORP. Juvenile Coho Salmon: For both the Oregon Coast Coho (OCC) and Lower Columbia River (LCR) ESUs, abundance estimates were lower in 2016 relative to the average from the 2013-2015 broods. The 2016 LCR abundance estimate was the lowest recorded in the 11 years of monitoring in this ESU. In the Southern Oregon Northern California Coho (SONCC) ESU the 2016 abundance estimate was similar to the average of the estimates for the 2013- 2015 broods. The 2016 estimate of site occupancy, relative to the estimate for the 2013- 2015 broods, was lower in the LCR, and similar in the OCC and the SONCC. As with the abundance estimate for the LCR, the 2016 estimate of site occupancy was the lowest recorded since monitoring began in the ESU. In the OCC there is some indication from Coho Salmon survey data that freshwater productivity rates are regulated by compensatory density dependence at one or several early life stages. In the OCC metapopulation, the spawner:summer parr (recruit) curve is sigmoidal in years of higher female spawner abundance, suggesting some factor (or combination of factors) that sets juvenile carrying capacity. A density dependent pattern has not been observed in the LCR, likely due to relatively low seeding levels in the ESU. For the SONCC there are insufficient adult data to perform these analyses. Juvenile Steelhead: For the Oregon Coast (OC) and the Klamath Mountains Provence (KMP) DPSs, the average of the abundance estimates for the 2014-2016 broods was similar to the average for the 2010-2013 broods. The 2016 abundance estimate was similar to the average of the 2006-2015 estimates in the South West Washington (SWW) DPS and lower than the average of the 2006-2015 estimates in the Lower Columbia River (LCR) DPS. Site occupancy estimates in the OC and KMP in the 2014-2016 broods were similar to the estimates for the 2010-2013 broods. Site occupancy estimates in 2016, relative to the average of the 2006-2015 estimates, were similar in the SWW and lower in the LCR. From 1998 to 2009 pools were required to be =40cm in maximum depth to meet survey protocols. This was changed to =20cm in maximum depth in 2010. Analyses based on the =20cm maximum depth criteria, relative to the =40cm maximum depth criteria, typically produce increases in site occupancy rates and larger abundance estimates with proportionately smaller confidence intervals. Abundance estimate trends that included shallow pools tracked with those based on the former pool criteria. Title: Juvenile Salmonid Monitoring In Coastal Oregon and Lower Columbia Streams, 2016 Report Number: OPSW-ODFW-2017-1 Abstract -- This report analyzes monitoring data for juvenile Coho Salmon in three Evolutionarily Significant Units (ESUs) and juvenile steelhead in four Distinct Population Segments (DPSs) in western Oregon. Monitoring data are used to evaluate trends in salmonid distribution and abundance, which inform conservation and recovery decisions. The analysis in this report spans the years 1998-2016. Previous annual reports can be found at: https://nrimp.dfw.state.or.us/crl/default.aspx?pn=WORP. Juvenile Coho Salmon: For both the Oregon Coast Coho (OCC) and Lower Columbia River (LCR) ESUs, abundance estimates were lower in 2016 relative to the average from the 2013-2015 broods. The 2016 LCR abundance estimate was the lowest recorded in the 11 years of monitoring in this ESU. In the Southern Oregon Northern California Coho (SONCC) ESU the 2016 abundance estimate was similar to the average of the estimates for the 2013- 2015 broods. The 2016 estimate of site occupancy, relative to the estimate for the 2013- 2015 broods, was lower in the LCR, and similar in the OCC and the SONCC. As with the abundance estimate for the LCR, the 2016 estimate of site occupancy was the lowest recorded since monitoring began in the ESU. In the OCC there is some indication from Coho Salmon survey data that freshwater productivity rates are regulated by compensatory density dependence at one or several early life stages. In the OCC metapopulation, the spawner:summer parr (recruit) curve is sigmoidal in years of higher female spawner abundance, suggesting some factor (or combination of factors) that sets juvenile carrying capacity. A density dependent pattern has not been observed in the LCR, likely due to relatively low seeding levels in the ESU. For the SONCC there are insufficient adult data to perform these analyses. Juvenile Steelhead: For the Oregon Coast (OC) and the Klamath Mountains Provence (KMP) DPSs, the average of the abundance estimates for the 2014-2016 broods was similar to the average for the 2010-2013 broods. The 2016 abundance estimate was similar to the average of the 2006-2015 estimates in the South West Washington (SWW) DPS and lower than the average of the 2006-2015 estimates in the Lower Columbia River (LCR) DPS. Site occupancy estimates in the OC and KMP in the 2014-2016 broods were similar to the estimates for the 2010-2013 broods. Site occupancy estimates in 2016, relative to the average of the 2006-2015 estimates, were similar in the SWW and lower in the LCR. From 1998 to 2009 pools were required to be =40cm in maximum depth to meet survey protocols. This was changed to =20cm in maximum depth in 2010. Analyses based on the =20cm maximum depth criteria, relative to the =40cm maximum depth criteria, typically produce increases in site occupancy rates and larger abundance estimates with proportionately smaller confidence intervals. Abundance estimate trends that included shallow pools tracked with those based on the former pool criteria. Close

• 2509. [Article] Warner Sucker Investigations (2009)

  Abstract -- The Warner sucker (Catostomus warnerensis) is endemic to the Warner Valley, an endorheic subbasin of the Great Basin in southeastern Oregon and northwestern Nevada. Historically, this species ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Warner Sucker Investigations (2009) Abstract -- The Warner sucker (Catostomus warnerensis) is endemic to the Warner Valley, an endorheic subbasin of the Great Basin in southeastern Oregon and northwestern Nevada. Historically, this species was abundant and its range included three permanent lakes (Hart, Crump, and Pelican), several ephemeral lakes, a network of sloughs and diversion canals, and three major tributary drainages (Honey, Deep, and Twentymile Creeks) (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 1985). Warner sucker abundance and distribution has declined over the past century and it was federally listed as threatened in 1985 due to habitat fragmentation and threats posed by the proliferation of piscivorous non-native game fishes (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 1985). The Warner sucker inhabits the lakes and low gradient stream reaches of the Warner Valley. The Warner sucker metapopulation is comprised of both lake and stream life history morphs. The lake suckers are lacustrine adfluvial or potamodromous fish that normally spawn in the streams. However, upstream migration may be blocked by low stream flows during low water years or by irrigation diversion dams. When this happens, spawning may occur in nearshore areas of the lakes (White et al. 1990). Large lake-dwelling populations of introduced fishes likely reduce recruitment by preying on young suckers (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 1998). The stream suckers inhabit and spawn in Honey, Deep, and Twentymile Creeks. The Recovery Plan for the Threatened and Rare Native Fishes of the Warner Basin and Alkali Subbasin (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 1998) sets recovery criteria for delisting the species. These criteria require that: 1) a self-sustaining metapopulation is distributed throughout the Twentymile, Honey, and Deep Creek (below the falls) drainages, and in Pelican, Crump, and Hart Lakes, 2) passage is restored within and among the Twentymile, Honey, and Deep Creek (below the falls) drainages so that the individual populations of Warner suckers can function as a metapopulation, and 3) no threats exist that would likely threaten the survival of the species over a significant portion of its range. Objectives of our 2009 investigations included: 1) obtain a mark-recapture population estimate for suckers in the Twentymile Creek drainage and describe their current distribution, 2) describe associations between the distribution of suckers and habitat variables in Twentymile Creek, 3) evaluate a non-lethal ageing technique, 4) track radiotagged lake suckers (tagged in 2008) in Hart and Crump Lakes to assess spring movement patterns, 5) track spring spawning movements of lake suckers across a PIT-tag antenna installed at the mouth of Honey Creek, 6) test the feasibility of trapping larval suckers near the mouth of Honey Creek using larval drift nets and light traps to describe the relative abundance and timing of larval sucker movements, and 7) obtain a mark-recapture population estimate of suckers at the Summer Lake Wildlife Management Area (WMA), where a self-sustaining population became established after a fish salvage from Hart Lake during the 1991 drought. Title: Warner Sucker Investigations (2009) Abstract -- The Warner sucker (Catostomus warnerensis) is endemic to the Warner Valley, an endorheic subbasin of the Great Basin in southeastern Oregon and northwestern Nevada. Historically, this species was abundant and its range included three permanent lakes (Hart, Crump, and Pelican), several ephemeral lakes, a network of sloughs and diversion canals, and three major tributary drainages (Honey, Deep, and Twentymile Creeks) (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 1985). Warner sucker abundance and distribution has declined over the past century and it was federally listed as threatened in 1985 due to habitat fragmentation and threats posed by the proliferation of piscivorous non-native game fishes (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 1985). The Warner sucker inhabits the lakes and low gradient stream reaches of the Warner Valley. The Warner sucker metapopulation is comprised of both lake and stream life history morphs. The lake suckers are lacustrine adfluvial or potamodromous fish that normally spawn in the streams. However, upstream migration may be blocked by low stream flows during low water years or by irrigation diversion dams. When this happens, spawning may occur in nearshore areas of the lakes (White et al. 1990). Large lake-dwelling populations of introduced fishes likely reduce recruitment by preying on young suckers (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 1998). The stream suckers inhabit and spawn in Honey, Deep, and Twentymile Creeks. The Recovery Plan for the Threatened and Rare Native Fishes of the Warner Basin and Alkali Subbasin (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 1998) sets recovery criteria for delisting the species. These criteria require that: 1) a self-sustaining metapopulation is distributed throughout the Twentymile, Honey, and Deep Creek (below the falls) drainages, and in Pelican, Crump, and Hart Lakes, 2) passage is restored within and among the Twentymile, Honey, and Deep Creek (below the falls) drainages so that the individual populations of Warner suckers can function as a metapopulation, and 3) no threats exist that would likely threaten the survival of the species over a significant portion of its range. Objectives of our 2009 investigations included: 1) obtain a mark-recapture population estimate for suckers in the Twentymile Creek drainage and describe their current distribution, 2) describe associations between the distribution of suckers and habitat variables in Twentymile Creek, 3) evaluate a non-lethal ageing technique, 4) track radiotagged lake suckers (tagged in 2008) in Hart and Crump Lakes to assess spring movement patterns, 5) track spring spawning movements of lake suckers across a PIT-tag antenna installed at the mouth of Honey Creek, 6) test the feasibility of trapping larval suckers near the mouth of Honey Creek using larval drift nets and light traps to describe the relative abundance and timing of larval sucker movements, and 7) obtain a mark-recapture population estimate of suckers at the Summer Lake Wildlife Management Area (WMA), where a self-sustaining population became established after a fish salvage from Hart Lake during the 1991 drought. Close

• 2510. [Article] Amphibian Distribution in Wadeable Streams and Ponds in Western and Southeast Oregon, 2009-2010 Progress Reports 2011

  Abstract -- The ODFW Oregon Conservation Strategy identified monitoring needs for 17 amphibian species native to the state of Oregon that are designated as “Strategy Species”, or “Species of Greatest Conservation ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Amphibian Distribution in Wadeable Streams and Ponds in Western and Southeast Oregon, 2009-2010 Progress Reports 2011 Abstract -- The ODFW Oregon Conservation Strategy identified monitoring needs for 17 amphibian species native to the state of Oregon that are designated as “Strategy Species”, or “Species of Greatest Conservation Need” (per USFWS requirements for State Wildlife Action Plans). The distribution of many species of amphibians in western Oregon is sparsely documented (Oregon Conservation Strategy, page 27). Although a broad-scale survey for amphibian presence would provide important baseline information about amphibian species composition and distribution, most studies have focused on limited areas. The majority of Oregon’s amphibians rely on aquatic habitats at some point of their life, either for breeding and juvenile development or to inhabit as adults. Most aquatic amphibians breed from late winter to early summer, and adults frequently remain in or near their breeding sites into the summer. Most tadpoles and juvenile amphibians are also active in and occupy aquatic habitats during the summer. Ongoing aquatic habitat and fish surveys are opportunities to observe species and life stages (breeding adults, tadpoles and juveniles) that occupy aquatic or riparian habitats during the summer. One cost-effective approach is to combine amphibian surveys with existing aquatic habitat and fish surveys such as those conducted as part of the Oregon Plan for Salmon and Watersheds (OCSRI 1997). The Oregon Plan has been in place since 1997 and the monitoring component provides a survey framework for streams in the lower Columbia River and Oregon coast drainages. The sampling framework is also compatible with implementation of the aquatic components of the Conservation Strategy, as demonstrated by this study. This study describes the presence of amphibians in and along wadeable streams in coast and lower Columbia River drainages of Oregon, ponds and sloughs in the Willamette Valley, and selected streams in the Great Basin of southeast and central Oregon. As a component of monitoring under the Oregon Plan, the Aquatic Inventories Project (AIP) conducts aquatic habitat surveys at randomly selected and spatially balanced sites across all 1st through 4th order streams in coastal and lower Columbia River drainages. The purpose of the habitat surveys is to describe stream morphology, instream physical habitat, and riparian vegetation. Because the surveyors were already observing features within and alongside the stream channel, they were able to record observations of amphibians. The advantage of coupling an amphibian component with the OR Plan aquatic surveys was that it not only was an efficient use of resources, but more importantly, provided information using a statistically rigorous survey design across a broad geographic area. The Native Fish Investigations Project began a six year study in 2007 to document the distribution and abundance of redband trout in the Great Basin region of Eastern Oregon. The site selection procedure is comparable to the statistical standards as the Oregon Plan survey design. Amphibian data are also collected during three other survey projects, and although the site selection procedure does not conform to the same statistical standards as the Oregon Plan survey design, the projects offer a number of opportunities to collect amphibian occurrence information over a wide variety of habitats. The amphibian observations from these three projects are also included in this report. The three projects are as follows: AIP conducts aquatic habitat surveys on selected streams throughout the state. AIP conducts aquatic habitat surveys at stream habitat restoration projects in Western Oregon. Native Fish Project conducts surveys of pond and slough sites for Oregon chub in the Willamette Valley. Due to the success of the 2007 and 2008 field studies, we continued our research during the summer of 2009 and 2010 to improve our knowledge of distribution and community structure of amphibians. The summer 2009 and 2010 surveys took place in 9 of Oregon’s 10 ecoregions (Figure 1) (Thorson et al. 2003). Ecoregions provide a framework for discussing amphibian distribution across the state because they are relatively large areas defined by distinctive geographic and ecological (flora and fauna) characteristics. The goals of our 2009-2010 work were to: Increase the consistency, efficiency and ability of habitat crews in identifying amphibians through improved training. Increase knowledge of distribution, community structure, and habitat associations of amphibians in streams in: Western Oregon coastal and lower Columbia drainages. Ponds, sloughs and other off-channel aquatic habitats in the Willamette Valley. Great Basin of eastern Oregon and selected streams in central Oregon. Combine the 2009-2010 observations with the 2007-2008 results. Title: Amphibian Distribution in Wadeable Streams and Ponds in Western and Southeast Oregon, 2009-2010 Progress Reports 2011 Abstract -- The ODFW Oregon Conservation Strategy identified monitoring needs for 17 amphibian species native to the state of Oregon that are designated as “Strategy Species”, or “Species of Greatest Conservation Need” (per USFWS requirements for State Wildlife Action Plans). The distribution of many species of amphibians in western Oregon is sparsely documented (Oregon Conservation Strategy, page 27). Although a broad-scale survey for amphibian presence would provide important baseline information about amphibian species composition and distribution, most studies have focused on limited areas. The majority of Oregon’s amphibians rely on aquatic habitats at some point of their life, either for breeding and juvenile development or to inhabit as adults. Most aquatic amphibians breed from late winter to early summer, and adults frequently remain in or near their breeding sites into the summer. Most tadpoles and juvenile amphibians are also active in and occupy aquatic habitats during the summer. Ongoing aquatic habitat and fish surveys are opportunities to observe species and life stages (breeding adults, tadpoles and juveniles) that occupy aquatic or riparian habitats during the summer. One cost-effective approach is to combine amphibian surveys with existing aquatic habitat and fish surveys such as those conducted as part of the Oregon Plan for Salmon and Watersheds (OCSRI 1997). The Oregon Plan has been in place since 1997 and the monitoring component provides a survey framework for streams in the lower Columbia River and Oregon coast drainages. The sampling framework is also compatible with implementation of the aquatic components of the Conservation Strategy, as demonstrated by this study. This study describes the presence of amphibians in and along wadeable streams in coast and lower Columbia River drainages of Oregon, ponds and sloughs in the Willamette Valley, and selected streams in the Great Basin of southeast and central Oregon. As a component of monitoring under the Oregon Plan, the Aquatic Inventories Project (AIP) conducts aquatic habitat surveys at randomly selected and spatially balanced sites across all 1st through 4th order streams in coastal and lower Columbia River drainages. The purpose of the habitat surveys is to describe stream morphology, instream physical habitat, and riparian vegetation. Because the surveyors were already observing features within and alongside the stream channel, they were able to record observations of amphibians. The advantage of coupling an amphibian component with the OR Plan aquatic surveys was that it not only was an efficient use of resources, but more importantly, provided information using a statistically rigorous survey design across a broad geographic area. The Native Fish Investigations Project began a six year study in 2007 to document the distribution and abundance of redband trout in the Great Basin region of Eastern Oregon. The site selection procedure is comparable to the statistical standards as the Oregon Plan survey design. Amphibian data are also collected during three other survey projects, and although the site selection procedure does not conform to the same statistical standards as the Oregon Plan survey design, the projects offer a number of opportunities to collect amphibian occurrence information over a wide variety of habitats. The amphibian observations from these three projects are also included in this report. The three projects are as follows: AIP conducts aquatic habitat surveys on selected streams throughout the state. AIP conducts aquatic habitat surveys at stream habitat restoration projects in Western Oregon. Native Fish Project conducts surveys of pond and slough sites for Oregon chub in the Willamette Valley. Due to the success of the 2007 and 2008 field studies, we continued our research during the summer of 2009 and 2010 to improve our knowledge of distribution and community structure of amphibians. The summer 2009 and 2010 surveys took place in 9 of Oregon’s 10 ecoregions (Figure 1) (Thorson et al. 2003). Ecoregions provide a framework for discussing amphibian distribution across the state because they are relatively large areas defined by distinctive geographic and ecological (flora and fauna) characteristics. The goals of our 2009-2010 work were to: Increase the consistency, efficiency and ability of habitat crews in identifying amphibians through improved training. Increase knowledge of distribution, community structure, and habitat associations of amphibians in streams in: Western Oregon coastal and lower Columbia drainages. Ponds, sloughs and other off-channel aquatic habitats in the Willamette Valley. Great Basin of eastern Oregon and selected streams in central Oregon. Combine the 2009-2010 observations with the 2007-2008 results. Close