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• 11. [Article] The relationship of families' money management practices and their control of credit card use

  The use of credit cards by young families, their money management practices, and the relationship between money management practices and their control of credit card use was researched in this study. A ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The relationship of families' money management practices and their control of credit card use Author: Wright, Julie Edwards The use of credit cards by young families, their money management practices, and the relationship between money management practices and their control of credit card use was researched in this study. A sample of 60 Oregon families was drawn from the 1975 Johnson's Albany Area City Directory. These families were composed of a married couple living together with at least 1 child between the ages of 6 and 10 years, who used credit cards monthly. The husbands had a mean age of 33 years, and had completed a mean of 14 years of schooling. The wives were younger with a mean age of 30 and had completed a mean of 13 years of schooling. The couples were married a mean of 10 years, and 60 percent had 2 children. The husbands were principally employed in operative and laborer occupations, and the wives were largely homemakers. Sixty-three percent of the families earned a total yearly income between $10, 000 and $22, 000. The mean yearly income was $17, 857. The number of credit cards used by the families in a month ranged from 1 to 21 with a mean of 4 cards. Credit cards were used 1 to 61 times in an average month, with a mean frequency of 9 times per month. The mean number of types of purchases made with credit cards in a month was 6. Sixty-seven percent of the families used an oil company credit card regularly, followed closely by 65 percent who used a retail store card. Clothing was the commodity purchased with credit cards by the largest number of families, gasoline was the second most frequently purchased item. Most families charged under $100 per month with credit cards. Eighty-seven percent of the families reported that both the husband and wife decided upon the purchases to make with credit cards, although 60 percent reported that the wives made the most purchases using credit cards. Most of the wives used a credit card bearing their names, including those whose accounts were in the husbands' names. Spending plans were used by 78 percent of the families; the most common being unwritten plans for a month. Eighty-two percent of the families kept their sales slips from credit card purchases as a means of keeping records of their purchases. A regression analysis was used to test the hypotheses that control of credit card use was linearly related to the money management practices of the families. The money management practices included 1) the number of credit cards used by the families, 2) the number of types of purchases for which the families used a credit card, 3) record keeping practices used by the families, 4) budgeting practices employed by the families, and 5) the frequency with which the families made purchases using a credit card. Hypothesis 1, Hypothesis 1, the number of credit card bills paid in full is linearly related to the money management practices employed by a family, was not supported by the data at the .10 level of significance. Fifty percent of the families paid their credit card bills in full 11 or 12 months of the year. The mean number of months in which all credit card bills were paid in full was 7. Hypothesis 2. Hypothesis 2, the number of monthly credit card billings that are missed is linearly related to the money management practices employed by a family, was not supported at the .10 significance level. Eighty percent of the families reported that they never missed payment on a credit card debt. Hypothesis 3. Hypothesis 3, the degree to which the family buys more with credit cards than if cash were required is linearly related to the money management practices employed by a family was not supported at the .10 level of significance. Sixty-eight percent of the families reported that credit cards caused them to buy no more or just slightly more than if cash were required. Hypothesis 4. Hypothesis 4, the degree to which the family buys more with credit cards than if another loan were required is linearly related to the money management practices employed by a family, was not supported by the data at the .10 level of significance. Fifty percent of the 60 families reported that credit cards caused them to buy no more than if another type of credit were required to make a purchase. Hypothesis 5. Hypothesis 5, the degree to which the family indicates that it feels in control of its credit card use is linearly related to the money management practices employed by a family, was supported at the . 01 level of significance. A strong direct relationship (significant at the .001 level) was shown to exist between the families' feelings of control of credit card use and their budgeting practices. In the presence of all money management practices, the frequency with which families used credit cards was shown to have an inverse effect upon the families' feelings of control, significant at the .05 level. The families in the study demonstrated control of their credit card use, and used them for convenience rather than for installment debt instruments. Credit cards were regarded by a large number of families as a temptation to overspend. Title: The relationship of families' money management practices and their control of credit card use Author: Wright, Julie Edwards The use of credit cards by young families, their money management practices, and the relationship between money management practices and their control of credit card use was researched in this study. A sample of 60 Oregon families was drawn from the 1975 Johnson's Albany Area City Directory. These families were composed of a married couple living together with at least 1 child between the ages of 6 and 10 years, who used credit cards monthly. The husbands had a mean age of 33 years, and had completed a mean of 14 years of schooling. The wives were younger with a mean age of 30 and had completed a mean of 13 years of schooling. The couples were married a mean of 10 years, and 60 percent had 2 children. The husbands were principally employed in operative and laborer occupations, and the wives were largely homemakers. Sixty-three percent of the families earned a total yearly income between $10, 000 and $22, 000. The mean yearly income was $17, 857. The number of credit cards used by the families in a month ranged from 1 to 21 with a mean of 4 cards. Credit cards were used 1 to 61 times in an average month, with a mean frequency of 9 times per month. The mean number of types of purchases made with credit cards in a month was 6. Sixty-seven percent of the families used an oil company credit card regularly, followed closely by 65 percent who used a retail store card. Clothing was the commodity purchased with credit cards by the largest number of families, gasoline was the second most frequently purchased item. Most families charged under $100 per month with credit cards. Eighty-seven percent of the families reported that both the husband and wife decided upon the purchases to make with credit cards, although 60 percent reported that the wives made the most purchases using credit cards. Most of the wives used a credit card bearing their names, including those whose accounts were in the husbands' names. Spending plans were used by 78 percent of the families; the most common being unwritten plans for a month. Eighty-two percent of the families kept their sales slips from credit card purchases as a means of keeping records of their purchases. A regression analysis was used to test the hypotheses that control of credit card use was linearly related to the money management practices of the families. The money management practices included 1) the number of credit cards used by the families, 2) the number of types of purchases for which the families used a credit card, 3) record keeping practices used by the families, 4) budgeting practices employed by the families, and 5) the frequency with which the families made purchases using a credit card. Hypothesis 1, Hypothesis 1, the number of credit card bills paid in full is linearly related to the money management practices employed by a family, was not supported by the data at the .10 level of significance. Fifty percent of the families paid their credit card bills in full 11 or 12 months of the year. The mean number of months in which all credit card bills were paid in full was 7. Hypothesis 2. Hypothesis 2, the number of monthly credit card billings that are missed is linearly related to the money management practices employed by a family, was not supported at the .10 significance level. Eighty percent of the families reported that they never missed payment on a credit card debt. Hypothesis 3. Hypothesis 3, the degree to which the family buys more with credit cards than if cash were required is linearly related to the money management practices employed by a family was not supported at the .10 level of significance. Sixty-eight percent of the families reported that credit cards caused them to buy no more or just slightly more than if cash were required. Hypothesis 4. Hypothesis 4, the degree to which the family buys more with credit cards than if another loan were required is linearly related to the money management practices employed by a family, was not supported by the data at the .10 level of significance. Fifty percent of the 60 families reported that credit cards caused them to buy no more than if another type of credit were required to make a purchase. Hypothesis 5. Hypothesis 5, the degree to which the family indicates that it feels in control of its credit card use is linearly related to the money management practices employed by a family, was supported at the . 01 level of significance. A strong direct relationship (significant at the .001 level) was shown to exist between the families' feelings of control of credit card use and their budgeting practices. In the presence of all money management practices, the frequency with which families used credit cards was shown to have an inverse effect upon the families' feelings of control, significant at the .05 level. The families in the study demonstrated control of their credit card use, and used them for convenience rather than for installment debt instruments. Credit cards were regarded by a large number of families as a temptation to overspend. Close

• 12. [Article] Intercultural training and international exchange : an exploratory study of the association of intercultural training with hosting goals of American families

  This study investigated the host family experience, specifically examining the goals of host families and intercultural training of host families. It compares the the importance and accomplishment of goals ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Intercultural training and international exchange : an exploratory study of the association of intercultural training with hosting goals of American families Author: Oehlschlaeger, Jan Marie Year: 1989 This study investigated the host family experience, specifically examining the goals of host families and intercultural training of host families. It compares the the importance and accomplishment of goals between interculturally trained host families and untrained host families.The focus of the research addressed the following research questions: 1) Do host families who receive intercultural training rate their goals differently than families who do not receive intercultural training? 1a) Do host families who receive intercultural training rate differently the goals in which the student meets intra-family needs than families who do not receive intercultural training? 2) Do host families who receive intercultural training report the level of accomplishment of their goals differently than host families who do not receive intercultural training? 2a) Do host families who receive intercultural training report the level of accomplishment of goals regarding cultural awareness differently than families who do not receive intercultural training? 3) To what extent is there a relationship between trained host family ratings of importance and ratings of accomplishment of goals? 3a) To what extent is there a relationship between untrained host family ratings of importance and ratings of accomplishment of goals? Title: Intercultural training and international exchange : an exploratory study of the association of intercultural training with hosting goals of American families Author: Oehlschlaeger, Jan Marie Year: 1989 This study investigated the host family experience, specifically examining the goals of host families and intercultural training of host families. It compares the the importance and accomplishment of goals between interculturally trained host families and untrained host families.The focus of the research addressed the following research questions: 1) Do host families who receive intercultural training rate their goals differently than families who do not receive intercultural training? 1a) Do host families who receive intercultural training rate differently the goals in which the student meets intra-family needs than families who do not receive intercultural training? 2) Do host families who receive intercultural training report the level of accomplishment of their goals differently than host families who do not receive intercultural training? 2a) Do host families who receive intercultural training report the level of accomplishment of goals regarding cultural awareness differently than families who do not receive intercultural training? 3) To what extent is there a relationship between trained host family ratings of importance and ratings of accomplishment of goals? 3a) To what extent is there a relationship between untrained host family ratings of importance and ratings of accomplishment of goals? Close

• 13. [Article] Longitudinal study of the relationship between family coalitions and adolescent antisocial behavior

  Family therapists have proposed that specific types of family interactions are dysfunctional for the family system and can produce long-term negative effects for the child. They further propose that, for ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Longitudinal study of the relationship between family coalitions and adolescent antisocial behavior Author: Coughlin, Chris D. Family therapists have proposed that specific types of family interactions are dysfunctional for the family system and can produce long-term negative effects for the child. They further propose that, for healthy family functioning to be maintained, parental alliances must be sustained and excessive cross-generational coalitions (parent-child alliances) must be blocked. This fundamental assumption, proposed by family therapists, has rarely been empirically tested. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between family interactional patterns and the misconduct of adolescent males. Misconduct by the adolescent was defined by the youth having contact with the police due to delinquent behavior. Specifically, this study was concerned with determining if cross-generational coalitions, witnessed in parent-child interactions, were predictive of later antisocial behavior on the part of the adolescent while controlling for family structure, family problem solving, marital satisfaction, parental conflict, and child externality. Subjects were 68 families consisting of mother, father or stepfather, and son. The first family interaction assessment took place in 1984-1985 when the child was 9.7 years old. The second assessment of family interaction occurred two years later. Follow-up data on the adolescent's delinquent behavior, assessed through county court records, was last collected in 1991 when subjects were 15 to 16 years old. Families were paid for their participation as part of their involvement in a larger study (Capaldi & Patterson, 1987). The results of logistic and multiple regression analyses indicated no association between parent-child coalitions and occurrence or the severity of delinquent behavior. Both analyses did, however, find that family problem-solving skills and a non-intact family structure were significant predictors of later delinquency and of the severity of the delinquency by the adolescent. Title: Longitudinal study of the relationship between family coalitions and adolescent antisocial behavior Author: Coughlin, Chris D. Family therapists have proposed that specific types of family interactions are dysfunctional for the family system and can produce long-term negative effects for the child. They further propose that, for healthy family functioning to be maintained, parental alliances must be sustained and excessive cross-generational coalitions (parent-child alliances) must be blocked. This fundamental assumption, proposed by family therapists, has rarely been empirically tested. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between family interactional patterns and the misconduct of adolescent males. Misconduct by the adolescent was defined by the youth having contact with the police due to delinquent behavior. Specifically, this study was concerned with determining if cross-generational coalitions, witnessed in parent-child interactions, were predictive of later antisocial behavior on the part of the adolescent while controlling for family structure, family problem solving, marital satisfaction, parental conflict, and child externality. Subjects were 68 families consisting of mother, father or stepfather, and son. The first family interaction assessment took place in 1984-1985 when the child was 9.7 years old. The second assessment of family interaction occurred two years later. Follow-up data on the adolescent's delinquent behavior, assessed through county court records, was last collected in 1991 when subjects were 15 to 16 years old. Families were paid for their participation as part of their involvement in a larger study (Capaldi & Patterson, 1987). The results of logistic and multiple regression analyses indicated no association between parent-child coalitions and occurrence or the severity of delinquent behavior. Both analyses did, however, find that family problem-solving skills and a non-intact family structure were significant predictors of later delinquency and of the severity of the delinquency by the adolescent. Close

• 14. [Article] Differences between young adult perceptions of family environment, family values, sexual behavior, sexual attitudes and attitude toward divorce by gender and family type

  Four questions were examined concerning student perceptions of their launching family environment, expected family environment, family values, sexual attitudes and behavior, and attitudes toward divorce. A ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Differences between young adult perceptions of family environment, family values, sexual behavior, sexual attitudes and attitude toward divorce by gender and family type Author: Ladd, Linda Darmer Four questions were examined concerning student perceptions of their launching family environment, expected family environment, family values, sexual attitudes and behavior, and attitudes toward divorce. A total of 383 college students from three family types participated in this study: intact (298, 77.8%), divorced (47, 12.3%), and remarried (38, 9.9%). The sample was evenly split between males (185; 48.9%) and females (198; 51.1%). Using a 2 x 3 Manova for gender by family type, no gender differences were found on the Moos Family Environment Scale (R). Differences between family type were revealed on two of ten subscales: Moral-Religious Emphasis and Organization. Student reports of their expectations of their future families were compared on the Moos Family Environment Scale (E), but family type differences were revealed subscale: Control. Gender differences were found on five of the ten Moos FES(E) subscales: Cohesion, Expressiveness, Intellectual-Cultural Orientation, Active-Recreational Orientation, and Moral-Religious emphasis. On a second question, family type differences were found when students evaluated three questions comprising the Attitude Toward Divorce Scale (Ladd & Pratt, 1988). Students from divorced families were more accepting of divorce than students from the other two family groups, and students from remarried families were more accepting of divorce than students from intact families. On a third question, no gender or family type differences were found on the Hudson Short Form of the Sexual Attitude Scale or student first sexual behaviors. A fourth question, an attempt to measure student values on the Family Value Index proved insignificant. Examination of descriptive statistics indicates that students from all three family types consider family values to be very important. In conclusion, it appears that gender is more discriminating than family type on how family social environment is perceived. The experience of living in a particular family type does effect student attitudes toward divorce, but no judgment can be made about future divorce behavior. Title: Differences between young adult perceptions of family environment, family values, sexual behavior, sexual attitudes and attitude toward divorce by gender and family type Author: Ladd, Linda Darmer Four questions were examined concerning student perceptions of their launching family environment, expected family environment, family values, sexual attitudes and behavior, and attitudes toward divorce. A total of 383 college students from three family types participated in this study: intact (298, 77.8%), divorced (47, 12.3%), and remarried (38, 9.9%). The sample was evenly split between males (185; 48.9%) and females (198; 51.1%). Using a 2 x 3 Manova for gender by family type, no gender differences were found on the Moos Family Environment Scale (R). Differences between family type were revealed on two of ten subscales: Moral-Religious Emphasis and Organization. Student reports of their expectations of their future families were compared on the Moos Family Environment Scale (E), but family type differences were revealed subscale: Control. Gender differences were found on five of the ten Moos FES(E) subscales: Cohesion, Expressiveness, Intellectual-Cultural Orientation, Active-Recreational Orientation, and Moral-Religious emphasis. On a second question, family type differences were found when students evaluated three questions comprising the Attitude Toward Divorce Scale (Ladd & Pratt, 1988). Students from divorced families were more accepting of divorce than students from the other two family groups, and students from remarried families were more accepting of divorce than students from intact families. On a third question, no gender or family type differences were found on the Hudson Short Form of the Sexual Attitude Scale or student first sexual behaviors. A fourth question, an attempt to measure student values on the Family Value Index proved insignificant. Examination of descriptive statistics indicates that students from all three family types consider family values to be very important. In conclusion, it appears that gender is more discriminating than family type on how family social environment is perceived. The experience of living in a particular family type does effect student attitudes toward divorce, but no judgment can be made about future divorce behavior. Close

• 15. [Article] The effects of maternal support and non-support on the family concepts of sexually abused girls

  Incest, and the problems arising from it, have increasingly come under the scrutiny of therapists and researchers. All family members are affected by incest and all have been studied. Victims are particularly ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The effects of maternal support and non-support on the family concepts of sexually abused girls Author: Hitchens, Sharon R. Year: 1985 Incest, and the problems arising from it, have increasingly come under the scrutiny of therapists and researchers. All family members are affected by incest and all have been studied. Victims are particularly devastated by sexual abuse by a family member but it is a commonly held belief that having a supportive mother can mitigate the trauma a victim experiences. In this study, girls between the ages of ten and eighteen who were the victims of sexual abuse by a father-figure were compared to a group of girls not thought to be incest victims. The incest victims were divided into two groups, those with supportive mothers and those with non-supportive mothers, with support being defined as belief that sexual abuse occurred and action taken to have the offender leave the home. The Family Concept Inventory was the basis of comparison. Family Effectiveness, the degree to which a test taker's ratings of his or her real and ideal families match professional therapists' ratings of the ideal family, and Family Satisfaction, the comparison of the Real and Ideal Family Effectiveness scores, are obtained from the Inventory. There was no statistically significant difference across the three groups 2 on any of the three measures. However, incest victims with nonsupportive mothers had significantly lower Real Family Effectiveness scores than did incest victims with supportive mothers and the control group. On Family Satisfaction the scores of incest victims with non-supportive mothers were lower than the scores of incest victims with supportive mothers, but this difference was not statistically significant. Incest victims with non-supportive mothers clearly view their families as less effective than do incest victims with non-supportive mothers and non-incest victims. However, they remain attached to their families and in need of them and cannot bear the thought of losing their families. This may explain, in part, the reason there was not a statistically significant difference in Family Satisfaction between the two groups of incest victims. Title: The effects of maternal support and non-support on the family concepts of sexually abused girls Author: Hitchens, Sharon R. Year: 1985 Incest, and the problems arising from it, have increasingly come under the scrutiny of therapists and researchers. All family members are affected by incest and all have been studied. Victims are particularly devastated by sexual abuse by a family member but it is a commonly held belief that having a supportive mother can mitigate the trauma a victim experiences. In this study, girls between the ages of ten and eighteen who were the victims of sexual abuse by a father-figure were compared to a group of girls not thought to be incest victims. The incest victims were divided into two groups, those with supportive mothers and those with non-supportive mothers, with support being defined as belief that sexual abuse occurred and action taken to have the offender leave the home. The Family Concept Inventory was the basis of comparison. Family Effectiveness, the degree to which a test taker's ratings of his or her real and ideal families match professional therapists' ratings of the ideal family, and Family Satisfaction, the comparison of the Real and Ideal Family Effectiveness scores, are obtained from the Inventory. There was no statistically significant difference across the three groups 2 on any of the three measures. However, incest victims with nonsupportive mothers had significantly lower Real Family Effectiveness scores than did incest victims with supportive mothers and the control group. On Family Satisfaction the scores of incest victims with non-supportive mothers were lower than the scores of incest victims with supportive mothers, but this difference was not statistically significant. Incest victims with non-supportive mothers clearly view their families as less effective than do incest victims with non-supportive mothers and non-incest victims. However, they remain attached to their families and in need of them and cannot bear the thought of losing their families. This may explain, in part, the reason there was not a statistically significant difference in Family Satisfaction between the two groups of incest victims. Close

• 16. [Article] Response of family businesses to a natural disaster : a case study approach

  Throughout the world, weather-related and other natural phenomena claim thousands of lives and devour billions of dollars annually in recovery efforts. Destruction of life and property in the wake of disasters ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Response of family businesses to a natural disaster : a case study approach Author: Hammond, Clark H. Throughout the world, weather-related and other natural phenomena claim thousands of lives and devour billions of dollars annually in recovery efforts. Destruction of life and property in the wake of disasters is devastating, and can have a dramatic impact on families and businesses around the globe. Yet, published works specifically in the field of Family Resource Management (FRM) reveal a limited understanding of how families respond when these critical events strike with little or no warning, particularly for business-owning families. This paper explores family business responses to a particular natural disaster through case study research from the FRM perspective. Essentially, its purpose is to ascertain whether the FRM description of management is useful for family business systems in the wake of a natural disaster. A review of the FRM and family business literature is offered, followed by a broad description of qualitative methods and a justification for the case study methodology for this project. In-depth information about the successful management of a natural disaster was gathered through face-to-face and phone interviews with five leaders of family-owned businesses. The interviews were transcribed and analyzed, followed by member checks and peer reviews to strengthen the trustworthiness of the findings. Based on the experiences of the five CEOs that participated in this study, it appears that the FRM conceptualization of management generally captured their experience and can perhaps be a useful tool in conceptualizing the preparation for, and recovery from, critical events. It was also found, as anticipated, that access to tangible resources (money, materials, equipment) and intangible resources (communication processes, family unity, adaptability, relationships) was a key to successful management. What was somewhat surprising, however, was the emphasis placed on the power of relationships in the management process. A discussion on how this study relates to previous work on family stress and coping models is offered, and implications for researchers, practitioners, and government agencies that interface with families in business are provided. Title: Response of family businesses to a natural disaster : a case study approach Author: Hammond, Clark H. Throughout the world, weather-related and other natural phenomena claim thousands of lives and devour billions of dollars annually in recovery efforts. Destruction of life and property in the wake of disasters is devastating, and can have a dramatic impact on families and businesses around the globe. Yet, published works specifically in the field of Family Resource Management (FRM) reveal a limited understanding of how families respond when these critical events strike with little or no warning, particularly for business-owning families. This paper explores family business responses to a particular natural disaster through case study research from the FRM perspective. Essentially, its purpose is to ascertain whether the FRM description of management is useful for family business systems in the wake of a natural disaster. A review of the FRM and family business literature is offered, followed by a broad description of qualitative methods and a justification for the case study methodology for this project. In-depth information about the successful management of a natural disaster was gathered through face-to-face and phone interviews with five leaders of family-owned businesses. The interviews were transcribed and analyzed, followed by member checks and peer reviews to strengthen the trustworthiness of the findings. Based on the experiences of the five CEOs that participated in this study, it appears that the FRM conceptualization of management generally captured their experience and can perhaps be a useful tool in conceptualizing the preparation for, and recovery from, critical events. It was also found, as anticipated, that access to tangible resources (money, materials, equipment) and intangible resources (communication processes, family unity, adaptability, relationships) was a key to successful management. What was somewhat surprising, however, was the emphasis placed on the power of relationships in the management process. A discussion on how this study relates to previous work on family stress and coping models is offered, and implications for researchers, practitioners, and government agencies that interface with families in business are provided. Close

• 17. [Article] Development of a family clothing resource unit for high school senior girls

  The major purpose of this study was to develop a guide to teach family clothing at the twelfth grade level stressing decision-making in family concerns. An interview-questionnaire was administered to Canby ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Development of a family clothing resource unit for high school senior girls Author: Cook, Nancy Louise The major purpose of this study was to develop a guide to teach family clothing at the twelfth grade level stressing decision-making in family concerns. An interview-questionnaire was administered to Canby Union High School senior girls to discover information about their families, to find what they believed was important to learn in their instruction in a unit on family clothing, and to find how they would like to be taught family clothing. Sixty-three out of 82, or 77 percent, of the Canby Union High School senior girls answered the interview-questionnaire. From the results of the family clothing interview, a composite of a Canby Union High School senior girl was formulated. Her father's occupation was that of an operative and kindred worker. Her mother was a full-time homemaker. No one but the immediate family lived in her home. Two children lived at home. The family lived on a farm. The senior high school girl did no work other than her school or home responsibilities. She made five garments a year. The father was more likely to purchase all of his clothing than any other member of the family. At least 50 percent of the respondents said it was most important to them to know about the following areas of family clothing: types of stores and their services, sales, attitudes about family clothing, the clothing needs of the individual; the effects of income of the family on clothing, climate, costs, and fashion trends; and suitable or adequate clothing for infants, children, teen-agers, young women, young men, expectant mothers, and people in middle adulthood. Teen-agers, young women, and young men were the age levels of family members chosen most frequently in which the respondents believed topics of family clothing should be studied. The composite girl regarded the following teaching methods very valuable when she was learning about family clothing: 1. The students and the teacher should plan cooperatively what they need to learn. 2. The class should interview clothing authorities. 3. The class should make observations of clothing for different ages. 4. The students should plan and carry out a family clothing project, such as comparing homemade children's clothing, comparing men's shirts of different qualities, or planning a wardrobe for a boy. 5. The class should examine articles of clothing. 6. The class needs to take field trips to clothing stores. The concepts developed in the family clothing resource unit were concerned with: 1. The influences which the history of clothing, the clothing industry, and the legislation related to clothing have on the clothing available to the family today. 2. The characteristics of families, family activities, and family locations which influence clothing decisions. 3. The factors which affect clothing selection. 4. The factors which affect the clothing needs of individual family members. A variety of learning experiences and references were provided to help the high school seniors understand the needs and problems of clothing the family today. Twenty-one high school and university home economics teachers and home economics education graduate students criticized the behavioral goals, behavioral objectives, concepts, generalizations, and learning experiences in order to perfect the family clothing resource unit. Title: Development of a family clothing resource unit for high school senior girls Author: Cook, Nancy Louise The major purpose of this study was to develop a guide to teach family clothing at the twelfth grade level stressing decision-making in family concerns. An interview-questionnaire was administered to Canby Union High School senior girls to discover information about their families, to find what they believed was important to learn in their instruction in a unit on family clothing, and to find how they would like to be taught family clothing. Sixty-three out of 82, or 77 percent, of the Canby Union High School senior girls answered the interview-questionnaire. From the results of the family clothing interview, a composite of a Canby Union High School senior girl was formulated. Her father's occupation was that of an operative and kindred worker. Her mother was a full-time homemaker. No one but the immediate family lived in her home. Two children lived at home. The family lived on a farm. The senior high school girl did no work other than her school or home responsibilities. She made five garments a year. The father was more likely to purchase all of his clothing than any other member of the family. At least 50 percent of the respondents said it was most important to them to know about the following areas of family clothing: types of stores and their services, sales, attitudes about family clothing, the clothing needs of the individual; the effects of income of the family on clothing, climate, costs, and fashion trends; and suitable or adequate clothing for infants, children, teen-agers, young women, young men, expectant mothers, and people in middle adulthood. Teen-agers, young women, and young men were the age levels of family members chosen most frequently in which the respondents believed topics of family clothing should be studied. The composite girl regarded the following teaching methods very valuable when she was learning about family clothing: 1. The students and the teacher should plan cooperatively what they need to learn. 2. The class should interview clothing authorities. 3. The class should make observations of clothing for different ages. 4. The students should plan and carry out a family clothing project, such as comparing homemade children's clothing, comparing men's shirts of different qualities, or planning a wardrobe for a boy. 5. The class should examine articles of clothing. 6. The class needs to take field trips to clothing stores. The concepts developed in the family clothing resource unit were concerned with: 1. The influences which the history of clothing, the clothing industry, and the legislation related to clothing have on the clothing available to the family today. 2. The characteristics of families, family activities, and family locations which influence clothing decisions. 3. The factors which affect clothing selection. 4. The factors which affect the clothing needs of individual family members. A variety of learning experiences and references were provided to help the high school seniors understand the needs and problems of clothing the family today. Twenty-one high school and university home economics teachers and home economics education graduate students criticized the behavioral goals, behavioral objectives, concepts, generalizations, and learning experiences in order to perfect the family clothing resource unit. Close

• 18. [Image] The Huges, a homesteader family in the timber of the Coast Rang

  	A homesteader family in the timber of the Coast Rang. The Hughes [sic (Hughs in other entries)] family
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Huges, a homesteader family in the timber of the Coast Rang Year: 1910 A homesteader family in the timber of the Coast Rang. The Hughes [sic (Hughs in other entries)] family Title: The Huges, a homesteader family in the timber of the Coast Rang Year: 1910 A homesteader family in the timber of the Coast Rang. The Hughes [sic (Hughs in other entries)] family Close

• 19. [Article] Family Group Conferencing Practice

  Oregon has long been known as a site for innovative family engagement practice. Multiple forms of family meetings have been implemented in Oregon over the years and many child welfare offices use some ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Family Group Conferencing Practice Author: Rodgers, Angela, Cahn, Katharine Year: 2010 Oregon has long been known as a site for innovative family engagement practice. Multiple forms of family meetings have been implemented in Oregon over the years and many child welfare offices use some form of intensive efforts to find family for children in care. Beginning in the Fall 2012 and over the next three years, Oregon implemented a federally funded (Children's Bureau) demonstration project, Family Connections Oregon, to test a model intervention, to develop a supportive infrastructure for sustaining family connections practice, and to establish a family voice association at the policy level. These practices are continuing in Oregon through a IV-E waiver demonstration project called Leveraging Intensive Family Engagement (LIFE). Title: Family Group Conferencing Practice Author: Rodgers, Angela, Cahn, Katharine Year: 2010 Oregon has long been known as a site for innovative family engagement practice. Multiple forms of family meetings have been implemented in Oregon over the years and many child welfare offices use some form of intensive efforts to find family for children in care. Beginning in the Fall 2012 and over the next three years, Oregon implemented a federally funded (Children's Bureau) demonstration project, Family Connections Oregon, to test a model intervention, to develop a supportive infrastructure for sustaining family connections practice, and to establish a family voice association at the policy level. These practices are continuing in Oregon through a IV-E waiver demonstration project called Leveraging Intensive Family Engagement (LIFE). Close

• 20. [Article] Family Communication Patterns and Adolescent Emotional Well-being : Cross Classification of Mother-child and Father-child Interactions

  The family as a social unit is the earliest and most fundamental socialization influence and is an important contributor to children's development. Studies of family communication patterns (FCP) have emphasized ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Family Communication Patterns and Adolescent Emotional Well-being : Cross Classification of Mother-child and Father-child Interactions Author: Clark, Adam M., 1983- The family as a social unit is the earliest and most fundamental socialization influence and is an important contributor to children's development. Studies of family communication patterns (FCP) have emphasized two particular dimensions--a family's conversation orientation and their conformity orientation. However, many studies of FCP and its related outcomes have relied on self-report measures and deductive methods to classify families. The current study uses an empirical, inductive approach in an attempt to identify FCP in a community-based sample of two-parent families with a target child (N = 262 families). Data from video recorded family interactions were coded using the Iowa Family Interaction Rating Scales (IFIRS) and analyzed using latent cross-classification, an extension of latent profile analysis. Four FCP groups were identified including two parent-matching groups and two parent-mismatched groups. FCP group was unrelated to adolescent depression, anxiety, and self-esteem. Implications for future FCP research as discussed. Title: Family Communication Patterns and Adolescent Emotional Well-being : Cross Classification of Mother-child and Father-child Interactions Author: Clark, Adam M., 1983- The family as a social unit is the earliest and most fundamental socialization influence and is an important contributor to children's development. Studies of family communication patterns (FCP) have emphasized two particular dimensions--a family's conversation orientation and their conformity orientation. However, many studies of FCP and its related outcomes have relied on self-report measures and deductive methods to classify families. The current study uses an empirical, inductive approach in an attempt to identify FCP in a community-based sample of two-parent families with a target child (N = 262 families). Data from video recorded family interactions were coded using the Iowa Family Interaction Rating Scales (IFIRS) and analyzed using latent cross-classification, an extension of latent profile analysis. Four FCP groups were identified including two parent-matching groups and two parent-mismatched groups. FCP group was unrelated to adolescent depression, anxiety, and self-esteem. Implications for future FCP research as discussed. Close