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• 101. [Article] Language differences between women and men and the attribution of leadership

  This research addresses the perception of leadership attributes in light of evaluator and target gender. It specifically investigates whether there is a difference in language usage when the evaluator ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Language differences between women and men and the attribution of leadership Author: Dunsworth, Sabrina J. This research addresses the perception of leadership attributes in light of evaluator and target gender. It specifically investigates whether there is a difference in language usage when the evaluator is female versus when the evaluator is male. Two studies were conducted. A pre-test used instrumental development drawing from studies conducted by Bem (1974) and Berlo et al. (1969). The pre-test sampled a population of 56 students in a Small Group Problem Solving class at Oregon State University and used a survey to determine the top six gender attributes used to describe women (Self-reliant, Sensitive, Understanding, Warm, Affectionate, and Cheerful) and the top six gender attributes used to describe men (Analytical, Strong personality, Competitive, Loyal, Assertive, and Dominant). The present study consisted of a survey that placed the 12 attributes on semantic differential scales. A population of 54 students in a Small Group Problem Solving class at Oregon State University used the scales to indicate to what degree the target displayed the attribute in question. The gender of the evaluator and target were coded and six group comparisons were run to determine measures of statistical significance. Significant results were found for 13 out of 96 individual attribute comparisons. Because only a few individual attribute comparisons were found to be significant, future research could return to Bem’s (1974) study and replicate it in new populations to determine its validity and reliability. Title: Language differences between women and men and the attribution of leadership Author: Dunsworth, Sabrina J. This research addresses the perception of leadership attributes in light of evaluator and target gender. It specifically investigates whether there is a difference in language usage when the evaluator is female versus when the evaluator is male. Two studies were conducted. A pre-test used instrumental development drawing from studies conducted by Bem (1974) and Berlo et al. (1969). The pre-test sampled a population of 56 students in a Small Group Problem Solving class at Oregon State University and used a survey to determine the top six gender attributes used to describe women (Self-reliant, Sensitive, Understanding, Warm, Affectionate, and Cheerful) and the top six gender attributes used to describe men (Analytical, Strong personality, Competitive, Loyal, Assertive, and Dominant). The present study consisted of a survey that placed the 12 attributes on semantic differential scales. A population of 54 students in a Small Group Problem Solving class at Oregon State University used the scales to indicate to what degree the target displayed the attribute in question. The gender of the evaluator and target were coded and six group comparisons were run to determine measures of statistical significance. Significant results were found for 13 out of 96 individual attribute comparisons. Because only a few individual attribute comparisons were found to be significant, future research could return to Bem’s (1974) study and replicate it in new populations to determine its validity and reliability. Close

• 102. [Article] Role of Gender in Global Fishery Value Chains: A feminist Perspective on Activity, Access and Control Profile

  This is part of the IIFET Special Session on Markets and Value Chains for Small Aquaculture & Fisheries Enterprises with a Focus on Gender that took place on 17 July 2012 in Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania in ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Role of Gender in Global Fishery Value Chains: A feminist Perspective on Activity, Access and Control Profile Author: De Silva, Achini, Bjorndal, Trond, Lem, Audun This is part of the IIFET Special Session on Markets and Value Chains for Small Aquaculture & Fisheries Enterprises with a Focus on Gender that took place on 17 July 2012 in Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania in conjunction with 16th IIFET Conference. The complete proceedings of this special session are available (http://aquafishcrsp.oregonstate.edu/Documents/Uploads/FileManager/IIFET%202012%20CRSP%20Session%20Proceedings%20Final_small.pdf) through the Aquaculture & Fisheries Collaborative Research Support Program gender web site, (http://aquafishcrsp.oregonstate.edu/Gender/). Title: Role of Gender in Global Fishery Value Chains: A feminist Perspective on Activity, Access and Control Profile Author: De Silva, Achini, Bjorndal, Trond, Lem, Audun This is part of the IIFET Special Session on Markets and Value Chains for Small Aquaculture & Fisheries Enterprises with a Focus on Gender that took place on 17 July 2012 in Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania in conjunction with 16th IIFET Conference. The complete proceedings of this special session are available (http://aquafishcrsp.oregonstate.edu/Documents/Uploads/FileManager/IIFET%202012%20CRSP%20Session%20Proceedings%20Final_small.pdf) through the Aquaculture & Fisheries Collaborative Research Support Program gender web site, (http://aquafishcrsp.oregonstate.edu/Gender/). Close

• 103. [Article] Invisible actors on a male dominated arena: female fish mongers’ roles, strategies and needs in the fisheries sector

  This is part of the IIFET Special Session on Markets and Value Chains for Small Aquaculture & Fisheries Enterprises with a Focus on Gender that took place on 17 July 2012 in Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania in ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Invisible actors on a male dominated arena: female fish mongers’ roles, strategies and needs in the fisheries sector Author: Frocklin, Sara, Jiddawi, Narriman, Lindstrom, Lars, de la Torre-Castro, Maricela This is part of the IIFET Special Session on Markets and Value Chains for Small Aquaculture & Fisheries Enterprises with a Focus on Gender that took place on 17 July 2012 in Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania in conjunction with 16th IIFET Conference. The complete proceedings of this special session are available (http://aquafishcrsp.oregonstate.edu/Documents/Uploads/FileManager/IIFET%202012%20CRSP%20Session%20Proceedings%20Final_small.pdf) through the Aquaculture & Fisheries Collaborative Research Support Program gender web site, (http://aquafishcrsp.oregonstate.edu/Gender/). Abstract only. Title: Invisible actors on a male dominated arena: female fish mongers’ roles, strategies and needs in the fisheries sector Author: Frocklin, Sara, Jiddawi, Narriman, Lindstrom, Lars, de la Torre-Castro, Maricela This is part of the IIFET Special Session on Markets and Value Chains for Small Aquaculture & Fisheries Enterprises with a Focus on Gender that took place on 17 July 2012 in Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania in conjunction with 16th IIFET Conference. The complete proceedings of this special session are available (http://aquafishcrsp.oregonstate.edu/Documents/Uploads/FileManager/IIFET%202012%20CRSP%20Session%20Proceedings%20Final_small.pdf) through the Aquaculture & Fisheries Collaborative Research Support Program gender web site, (http://aquafishcrsp.oregonstate.edu/Gender/). Abstract only. Close

• 104. [Article] Gender Mainstreaming and Women Empowerment – Reflections and Upshots from Fishing Industry of Kerala, India

  This is part of the IIFET Special Session on Markets and Value Chains for Small Aquaculture & Fisheries Enterprises with a Focus on Gender that took place on 17 July 2012 in Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania in ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Gender Mainstreaming and Women Empowerment – Reflections and Upshots from Fishing Industry of Kerala, India Author: Salim, Shyman S. This is part of the IIFET Special Session on Markets and Value Chains for Small Aquaculture & Fisheries Enterprises with a Focus on Gender that took place on 17 July 2012 in Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania in conjunction with 16th IIFET Conference. The complete proceedings of this special session are available (http://aquafishcrsp.oregonstate.edu/Documents/Uploads/FileManager/IIFET%202012%20CRSP%20Session%20Proceedings%20Final_small.pdf) through the Aquaculture & Fisheries Collaborative Research Support Program gender web site, (http://aquafishcrsp.oregonstate.edu/Gender/). Title: Gender Mainstreaming and Women Empowerment – Reflections and Upshots from Fishing Industry of Kerala, India Author: Salim, Shyman S. This is part of the IIFET Special Session on Markets and Value Chains for Small Aquaculture & Fisheries Enterprises with a Focus on Gender that took place on 17 July 2012 in Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania in conjunction with 16th IIFET Conference. The complete proceedings of this special session are available (http://aquafishcrsp.oregonstate.edu/Documents/Uploads/FileManager/IIFET%202012%20CRSP%20Session%20Proceedings%20Final_small.pdf) through the Aquaculture & Fisheries Collaborative Research Support Program gender web site, (http://aquafishcrsp.oregonstate.edu/Gender/). Close

• 105. [Article] Trans* Folks in Motion: Transgender and Gender Nonconforming Individuals' Experiences of Transit and Transit Spaces

  Research on the experiences of transgender and gender nonconforming individuals is increasing, and this qualitative sociological study aims to build an understanding of trans* experiences on public transit ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Trans* Folks in Motion: Transgender and Gender Nonconforming Individuals' Experiences of Transit and Transit Spaces Author: Benner, Jade Year: 2016 Research on the experiences of transgender and gender nonconforming individuals is increasing, and this qualitative sociological study aims to build an understanding of trans* experiences on public transit and their experiences in the unique form of public space the confined space of the city bus and light rail train. I seek to amplify trans* voices, inform trans-inclusive transit policy, and add to conversations on how gender operates in urban and public spaces by contributing perspectives of transgender and nonbinary individuals. Title: Trans* Folks in Motion: Transgender and Gender Nonconforming Individuals' Experiences of Transit and Transit Spaces Author: Benner, Jade Year: 2016 Research on the experiences of transgender and gender nonconforming individuals is increasing, and this qualitative sociological study aims to build an understanding of trans* experiences on public transit and their experiences in the unique form of public space the confined space of the city bus and light rail train. I seek to amplify trans* voices, inform trans-inclusive transit policy, and add to conversations on how gender operates in urban and public spaces by contributing perspectives of transgender and nonbinary individuals. Close

• 106. [Article] Toward an understanding of men and masculinity: some dimensions of the social construction of knowledge in social work professional journals

  This work is an attempt to critically evaluate the way men and masculinity have been portrayed in and through social work journals and to develop an annotated bibliography of the professional periodical ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Toward an understanding of men and masculinity: some dimensions of the social construction of knowledge in social work professional journals Author: Bailey, Robert, Patella, Denny Year: 1977 This work is an attempt to critically evaluate the way men and masculinity have been portrayed in and through social work journals and to develop an annotated bibliography of the professional periodical literature as it relates to the masculine gender role. It is also an analysis of authorship in order to determine differential participation by the sexes in social work journals. These analyses will be used to assess the current status of “masculinity” and gender role issues in the profession and to suggest areas of future growth. Title: Toward an understanding of men and masculinity: some dimensions of the social construction of knowledge in social work professional journals Author: Bailey, Robert, Patella, Denny Year: 1977 This work is an attempt to critically evaluate the way men and masculinity have been portrayed in and through social work journals and to develop an annotated bibliography of the professional periodical literature as it relates to the masculine gender role. It is also an analysis of authorship in order to determine differential participation by the sexes in social work journals. These analyses will be used to assess the current status of “masculinity” and gender role issues in the profession and to suggest areas of future growth. Close

• 107. [Article] Association of course performance with student beliefs: An analysis by gender and instructional software environment

  The effect of educational technologies on learning is an area of active interest. We conducted an experiment to compare the impact of instructional software on student performance. We hypothesize that ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Association of course performance with student beliefs: An analysis by gender and instructional software environment Author: Alldredge, J. Richard, Brown, Gary R. Year: 2006 The effect of educational technologies on learning is an area of active interest. We conducted an experiment to compare the impact of instructional software on student performance. We hypothesize that some of the impact on student performance may reflect the influence of the technology on student subject-related beliefs and that those beliefs may differ by gender. We desired to assess how course performance may be associated with student beliefs, and how the association may differ depending on instructional software environment and gender. Title: Association of course performance with student beliefs: An analysis by gender and instructional software environment Author: Alldredge, J. Richard, Brown, Gary R. Year: 2006 The effect of educational technologies on learning is an area of active interest. We conducted an experiment to compare the impact of instructional software on student performance. We hypothesize that some of the impact on student performance may reflect the influence of the technology on student subject-related beliefs and that those beliefs may differ by gender. We desired to assess how course performance may be associated with student beliefs, and how the association may differ depending on instructional software environment and gender. Close

• 108. [Article] Associations Between Childhood Maltreatment and Young Adult Romantic Relationships: A Focus on Gender Differences

  Two recent studies investigated the associations between experiencing maltreatment in childhood and dating aggression and interpersonal problems in young adult romantic relationships, with a focus on gender ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Associations Between Childhood Maltreatment and Young Adult Romantic Relationships: A Focus on Gender Differences Author: Gowen, L. Kris, Kishna, Celina Year: 2011 Two recent studies investigated the associations between experiencing maltreatment in childhood and dating aggression and interpersonal problems in young adult romantic relationships, with a focus on gender differences. Title: Associations Between Childhood Maltreatment and Young Adult Romantic Relationships: A Focus on Gender Differences Author: Gowen, L. Kris, Kishna, Celina Year: 2011 Two recent studies investigated the associations between experiencing maltreatment in childhood and dating aggression and interpersonal problems in young adult romantic relationships, with a focus on gender differences. Close

• 109. [Article] Gender Disparity in American Literary Fiction: Women Writing the Female Experience of Romantic Relationships in Short Fiction and a Collection of Original Short Stories

  Unpublished female authors of American short fiction face many prejudices in fiction publishing, submission, and reviewing. These prejudices stem from the writer’s position in a gender-unequal society. ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Gender Disparity in American Literary Fiction: Women Writing the Female Experience of Romantic Relationships in Short Fiction and a Collection of Original Short Stories Author: Dealy, Rebecca Corinne Unpublished female authors of American short fiction face many prejudices in fiction publishing, submission, and reviewing. These prejudices stem from the writer’s position in a gender-unequal society. Feminist fiction provides dimensional, diverse female characters in relationships where previous fiction had offered only stereotypes whose role was to support and reflect leading male characters. Normalization of feminist fiction will increase diversity in writing and eliminate the negative effects of the remaining stereotypes, as they will no longer be normalized or internalized by readers. The short story, a form commonly agreed to be American in origin, is a feminist form because it encourages ‘othered’ individuals to share their stories, and as a result it can do political work for the propagation of feminist ideology through an accessible avenue. Title: Gender Disparity in American Literary Fiction: Women Writing the Female Experience of Romantic Relationships in Short Fiction and a Collection of Original Short Stories Author: Dealy, Rebecca Corinne Unpublished female authors of American short fiction face many prejudices in fiction publishing, submission, and reviewing. These prejudices stem from the writer’s position in a gender-unequal society. Feminist fiction provides dimensional, diverse female characters in relationships where previous fiction had offered only stereotypes whose role was to support and reflect leading male characters. Normalization of feminist fiction will increase diversity in writing and eliminate the negative effects of the remaining stereotypes, as they will no longer be normalized or internalized by readers. The short story, a form commonly agreed to be American in origin, is a feminist form because it encourages ‘othered’ individuals to share their stories, and as a result it can do political work for the propagation of feminist ideology through an accessible avenue. Close

• 110. [Article] Transforming social relations : how caregiving sons "do" gender subversively

  In this dissertation, I explored how social relationships influence, and are influenced by, men's experiences of caregiving to their aging parents. Because of sociodemographic trends such as fewer siblings ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Transforming social relations : how caregiving sons "do" gender subversively Author: Hirayama, Ryo In this dissertation, I explored how social relationships influence, and are influenced by, men's experiences of caregiving to their aging parents. Because of sociodemographic trends such as fewer siblings in younger generations and the growth of women seeking professional careers, men are increasingly likely to be called upon to meet parental care needs. When assuming care responsibility for their parents, however, men must confront the gender ideology that defines family caregiving as "women's work." Positioning social relationships as a component of men's gendered experiences of parental caregiving, I addressed two research questions. First, I sought to understand the role of social relationships in caregiving sons' negotiation of masculinity. Second, I examined whether and how caregiving sons (re)organize their social networks so as to better manage care responsibility. In pursuing these questions, my ultimate goals were to identify (a) whether and how men's parental caregiving can subvert gender relations, and (b) whether and how social partners link men's experiences of parental caregiving to gendered structural arrangements. In this research, I focused on caregiving sons in Japan, where, despite an increase in sons who (are required to) take on the role of parental caregiver, men's parental caregiving is still seen as "atypical." This dissertation consists of three studies. In the first study, I sought to clarify how Japanese men typically view and carry out care responsibility for their parents in relation to traditional familial institutions, Ie, that are comprised of multiple norms regarding such dimensions as birth order, inheritance, and the family membership of married women. Using data from a nationally representative sample of men in Japan (N = 964), results of latent class analyses indicated that Japanese men can be classified into three groups according to level of conformity to each norm in the Ie tradition. Further, through multiple group regression analyses on men with at least one living parent in the sample (n = 553), I found family circumstances associated with their actual involvement in parental caregiving differ across the three groups. The results suggest possible sociohistorical changes in the influence of Ie ideas on Japanese men's views about and styles of parental caregiving. In the second study, from the perspective of doing gender, I examined how caregiving sons account for their atypical family role, with particular attention paid to their nonnormative use of normative conceptions of gender and family. Using a constructivist version of grounded theory applied to interview data from adult sons in Japan who are primary caregivers for their parents with dementia (N = 21), I found they attempt to legitimize their care responsibility by invoking (a) traditional Ie norms and (b) stereotypical ideas about masculinity/femininity, both of which have been used in the past to tie women to family caregiving. The findings suggest that sons might deconstruct normative conceptions in an attempt to frame their parental caregiving as accountable. In the final study grounded in social convoy theory, I examined (a) how Japanese caregiving sons perceive feedback about their caregiving from members of their social networks, and (b) how, in response, they reconstruct their social relationships. Using a constructivist version of grounded theory, I analyzed interview data from adult sons in the role of primary caregivers for their parents who have dementia (N = 21). Despite relatively frequent contact with colleagues, friends, and neighbors, to avoid possible negative reactions, sons rarely told these network members about their care experiences; thus, their parental caregiving was compartmentalized from other aspects of their social lives. The findings suggest that the restricted social relationships of caregiving sons are at least partly the product of their efforts to assume parental care responsibility in a society that marginalizes men's caregiving. In conclusion, although parental caregiving is a likely context in which men might destabilize the ideological basis for gender relations within attempts to do gender, their network members appear to compel them to confine such subversive gender performance within the caregiving setting. At the same time, the findings also suggest that men in younger generations may take on the role of parental caregiver in different social environments than that of their older counterparts. Building on these findings, I offer suggestions about how to approach both caregiving sons' and their social partners' ideas about gender such that these sons can be more open about their care experiences. Title: Transforming social relations : how caregiving sons "do" gender subversively Author: Hirayama, Ryo In this dissertation, I explored how social relationships influence, and are influenced by, men's experiences of caregiving to their aging parents. Because of sociodemographic trends such as fewer siblings in younger generations and the growth of women seeking professional careers, men are increasingly likely to be called upon to meet parental care needs. When assuming care responsibility for their parents, however, men must confront the gender ideology that defines family caregiving as "women's work." Positioning social relationships as a component of men's gendered experiences of parental caregiving, I addressed two research questions. First, I sought to understand the role of social relationships in caregiving sons' negotiation of masculinity. Second, I examined whether and how caregiving sons (re)organize their social networks so as to better manage care responsibility. In pursuing these questions, my ultimate goals were to identify (a) whether and how men's parental caregiving can subvert gender relations, and (b) whether and how social partners link men's experiences of parental caregiving to gendered structural arrangements. In this research, I focused on caregiving sons in Japan, where, despite an increase in sons who (are required to) take on the role of parental caregiver, men's parental caregiving is still seen as "atypical." This dissertation consists of three studies. In the first study, I sought to clarify how Japanese men typically view and carry out care responsibility for their parents in relation to traditional familial institutions, Ie, that are comprised of multiple norms regarding such dimensions as birth order, inheritance, and the family membership of married women. Using data from a nationally representative sample of men in Japan (N = 964), results of latent class analyses indicated that Japanese men can be classified into three groups according to level of conformity to each norm in the Ie tradition. Further, through multiple group regression analyses on men with at least one living parent in the sample (n = 553), I found family circumstances associated with their actual involvement in parental caregiving differ across the three groups. The results suggest possible sociohistorical changes in the influence of Ie ideas on Japanese men's views about and styles of parental caregiving. In the second study, from the perspective of doing gender, I examined how caregiving sons account for their atypical family role, with particular attention paid to their nonnormative use of normative conceptions of gender and family. Using a constructivist version of grounded theory applied to interview data from adult sons in Japan who are primary caregivers for their parents with dementia (N = 21), I found they attempt to legitimize their care responsibility by invoking (a) traditional Ie norms and (b) stereotypical ideas about masculinity/femininity, both of which have been used in the past to tie women to family caregiving. The findings suggest that sons might deconstruct normative conceptions in an attempt to frame their parental caregiving as accountable. In the final study grounded in social convoy theory, I examined (a) how Japanese caregiving sons perceive feedback about their caregiving from members of their social networks, and (b) how, in response, they reconstruct their social relationships. Using a constructivist version of grounded theory, I analyzed interview data from adult sons in the role of primary caregivers for their parents who have dementia (N = 21). Despite relatively frequent contact with colleagues, friends, and neighbors, to avoid possible negative reactions, sons rarely told these network members about their care experiences; thus, their parental caregiving was compartmentalized from other aspects of their social lives. The findings suggest that the restricted social relationships of caregiving sons are at least partly the product of their efforts to assume parental care responsibility in a society that marginalizes men's caregiving. In conclusion, although parental caregiving is a likely context in which men might destabilize the ideological basis for gender relations within attempts to do gender, their network members appear to compel them to confine such subversive gender performance within the caregiving setting. At the same time, the findings also suggest that men in younger generations may take on the role of parental caregiver in different social environments than that of their older counterparts. Building on these findings, I offer suggestions about how to approach both caregiving sons' and their social partners' ideas about gender such that these sons can be more open about their care experiences. Close

• 111. [Article] Delivering the male: the effect of stereotype activation on trait inferences

  The current study investigated the way in which gender of a character and the presence or absence of a male stereotype affect the perceived masculinity of said character. Forty undergraduates from Oregon ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Delivering the male: the effect of stereotype activation on trait inferences Author: Lundeberg, Pamela J. The current study investigated the way in which gender of a character and the presence or absence of a male stereotype affect the perceived masculinity of said character. Forty undergraduates from Oregon State University completed a questionnaire rating the masculinity of one of four possible characters – one male without the stereotype present, one male with the stereotype present, one female without the stereotype present, and one female with the stereotype present. As hypothesized, it was found that the presence of a male stereotype significantly influenced the perceived masculinity of the character, as the masculinity ratings were higher for those characters with the stereotype present than those characters with no stereotype activation. There was no main effect for character gender, however, nor was there an interaction effect between stereotype activation and character gender. The results produced by this research can be used to develop studies to further investigate the effects of stereotype activation. Title: Delivering the male: the effect of stereotype activation on trait inferences Author: Lundeberg, Pamela J. The current study investigated the way in which gender of a character and the presence or absence of a male stereotype affect the perceived masculinity of said character. Forty undergraduates from Oregon State University completed a questionnaire rating the masculinity of one of four possible characters – one male without the stereotype present, one male with the stereotype present, one female without the stereotype present, and one female with the stereotype present. As hypothesized, it was found that the presence of a male stereotype significantly influenced the perceived masculinity of the character, as the masculinity ratings were higher for those characters with the stereotype present than those characters with no stereotype activation. There was no main effect for character gender, however, nor was there an interaction effect between stereotype activation and character gender. The results produced by this research can be used to develop studies to further investigate the effects of stereotype activation. Close

• 112. [Article] CSWS Review : 2009 : Fall

  28 pages

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: CSWS Review : 2009 : Fall Author: Unknown Author, (University of Oregon, Center for the Study of Women in Society) Year: 2017, 2009 28 pages Title: CSWS Review : 2009 : Fall Author: Unknown Author, (University of Oregon, Center for the Study of Women in Society) Year: 2017, 2009 28 pages Close

• 113. [Article] CCO/FCHP/PCO by language, age group and gender for

  Began with January 2014.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: CCO/FCHP/PCO by language, age group and gender for Year: 2014 Began with January 2014. Title: CCO/FCHP/PCO by language, age group and gender for Year: 2014 Began with January 2014. Close

• 114. [Article] CCO/FCHP/PCO by race/ethnicity, age group and gender for

  Began with January 2014.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: CCO/FCHP/PCO by race/ethnicity, age group and gender for Year: 2014 Began with January 2014. Title: CCO/FCHP/PCO by race/ethnicity, age group and gender for Year: 2014 Began with January 2014. Close

• 115. [Article] Taking Stock of Gender Equity in Museum Management

  71 p. Examining committee chair: Dr. Janice W. Rutherford.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Taking Stock of Gender Equity in Museum Management Author: Kramer, Allison L. E. Year: 2005 71 p. Examining committee chair: Dr. Janice W. Rutherford. Title: Taking Stock of Gender Equity in Museum Management Author: Kramer, Allison L. E. Year: 2005 71 p. Examining committee chair: Dr. Janice W. Rutherford. Close

• 116. [Article] CSWS Review ; 2008 : 2 (Spring)

  8 p. A print copy of this title is available through the UO Libraries under the call number: KNIGHT HQ1181.U5 F76.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: CSWS Review ; 2008 : 2 (Spring) Author: Herman, Ellen, Stephen, Lynn, Scott, Ellen Year: 2008 8 p. A print copy of this title is available through the UO Libraries under the call number: KNIGHT HQ1181.U5 F76. Title: CSWS Review ; 2008 : 2 (Spring) Author: Herman, Ellen, Stephen, Lynn, Scott, Ellen Year: 2008 8 p. A print copy of this title is available through the UO Libraries under the call number: KNIGHT HQ1181.U5 F76. Close

• 117. [Image] Playing games : Zoa, the Greek fertility goddess, shoots for the gold; Zoa, the Greek fertility goddess

  	Book contains paper dolls which can be cut out, games to be played, and facts about Olympic/sporting history as they relate to gender and sex; Ancient Greek Mascot, Zoa, meets Olympomania mascot Is/he ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Playing games : Zoa, the Greek fertility goddess, shoots for the gold; Zoa, the Greek fertility goddess Author: Critchley, Jay; Anderson, Larry Jens, 1947-; Russell, Richard, 1965- Book contains paper dolls which can be cut out, games to be played, and facts about Olympic/sporting history as they relate to gender and sex; Ancient Greek Mascot, Zoa, meets Olympomania mascot Is/he on the info-superhighway. An interactive activity book of paper doll cut outs and games about sports and gender FOR ADULTS ONLY --cover The Playing Games Project is an artists' book, a community educational forum and an art installation. It is presented as part of the 1995 City Site Works program of the Arts Festival of Atlanta --inside cover Title: Playing games : Zoa, the Greek fertility goddess, shoots for the gold; Zoa, the Greek fertility goddess Author: Critchley, Jay; Anderson, Larry Jens, 1947-; Russell, Richard, 1965- Book contains paper dolls which can be cut out, games to be played, and facts about Olympic/sporting history as they relate to gender and sex; Ancient Greek Mascot, Zoa, meets Olympomania mascot Is/he on the info-superhighway. An interactive activity book of paper doll cut outs and games about sports and gender FOR ADULTS ONLY --cover The Playing Games Project is an artists' book, a community educational forum and an art installation. It is presented as part of the 1995 City Site Works program of the Arts Festival of Atlanta --inside cover Close

• 118. [Article] "Russia is a European State" : Gender and Publicity in Early Imperial Russia

  Historians of the Russian Empire often question the extent to which a public sphere existed in Tsarist Russia. This thesis explores Russian literary works from the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: "Russia is a European State" : Gender and Publicity in Early Imperial Russia Author: Holden, William Forrest Year: 2014 Historians of the Russian Empire often question the extent to which a public sphere existed in Tsarist Russia. This thesis explores Russian literary works from the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, such as memoirs and travelogues, in order to better understand the ways in which Jürgen Habermas’s theory of the public sphere can be useful for understanding publicity in the Russian Empire. It traces changes in two interconnected areas of public discussion, one regarding discourses of monarchical legitimacy, and the other, gender and domesticity. By focusing on gender, this thesis argues that historians’ focus on the economic factors described by Habermas as the basis of the formation of the public sphere is insufficient for understanding the structure of public debate during this period. It also argues that evolving notions of sex and gender in the Russian Empire paralleled those in western Europe, and testified to the presence of a public sphere that addressed issues specific to the concerns of eighteenth-century Russian elite society. Title: "Russia is a European State" : Gender and Publicity in Early Imperial Russia Author: Holden, William Forrest Year: 2014 Historians of the Russian Empire often question the extent to which a public sphere existed in Tsarist Russia. This thesis explores Russian literary works from the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, such as memoirs and travelogues, in order to better understand the ways in which Jürgen Habermas’s theory of the public sphere can be useful for understanding publicity in the Russian Empire. It traces changes in two interconnected areas of public discussion, one regarding discourses of monarchical legitimacy, and the other, gender and domesticity. By focusing on gender, this thesis argues that historians’ focus on the economic factors described by Habermas as the basis of the formation of the public sphere is insufficient for understanding the structure of public debate during this period. It also argues that evolving notions of sex and gender in the Russian Empire paralleled those in western Europe, and testified to the presence of a public sphere that addressed issues specific to the concerns of eighteenth-century Russian elite society. Close

• 119. [Article] "Are We Building Biking Solidarity:" Gendered, Racial, and Spatial Barriers to Bicycling in Portland, Oregon

  Although Portland, Oregon is widely regarded as a "bike friendly" city, its bike equity remains in question. This thesis explores the barriers to biking that women and people of color face in Portland. ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: "Are We Building Biking Solidarity:" Gendered, Racial, and Spatial Barriers to Bicycling in Portland, Oregon Author: Tompkins, Kyla Jean Year: 2017 Although Portland, Oregon is widely regarded as a "bike friendly" city, its bike equity remains in question. This thesis explores the barriers to biking that women and people of color face in Portland. This research uses feminist geography scholarship to understand how cycling spaces are unequal for marginalized cyclists. Using data from 28 in-depth, semi-structured interviews with infrequent and marginalized cyclists, I found that gender and race inequalities shape their barriers to biking. A hegemonic white, elite, and masculine bike culture controls the domination of cycling spaces. Women's gendered spatial inequalities are shaped by their childrearing demands, geography of fear, and street harassment. Cyclists of color experience a fear of public space due to racial profiling and police violence, and racial spatial inequalities are shaped by Portland's historic and racist city planning that gentrifies and displaces residents of color. Furthermore, intersectional inequalities of gender, race, and class, emerge and illustrate how cycling spaces are built to be unequal. These findings suggest that spatial inequalities in the urban landscape are pervasive in multiple spaces such as bike lanes, and that more research and policy is needed to increase ridership among women and people of color. Title: "Are We Building Biking Solidarity:" Gendered, Racial, and Spatial Barriers to Bicycling in Portland, Oregon Author: Tompkins, Kyla Jean Year: 2017 Although Portland, Oregon is widely regarded as a "bike friendly" city, its bike equity remains in question. This thesis explores the barriers to biking that women and people of color face in Portland. This research uses feminist geography scholarship to understand how cycling spaces are unequal for marginalized cyclists. Using data from 28 in-depth, semi-structured interviews with infrequent and marginalized cyclists, I found that gender and race inequalities shape their barriers to biking. A hegemonic white, elite, and masculine bike culture controls the domination of cycling spaces. Women's gendered spatial inequalities are shaped by their childrearing demands, geography of fear, and street harassment. Cyclists of color experience a fear of public space due to racial profiling and police violence, and racial spatial inequalities are shaped by Portland's historic and racist city planning that gentrifies and displaces residents of color. Furthermore, intersectional inequalities of gender, race, and class, emerge and illustrate how cycling spaces are built to be unequal. These findings suggest that spatial inequalities in the urban landscape are pervasive in multiple spaces such as bike lanes, and that more research and policy is needed to increase ridership among women and people of color. Close

• 120. [Article] Chinese Employees’ Psychological Responses to Abusive Supervisors The Roles of Gender and Self-Esteem

  Drawing on the conservation of resources theory, the relations between abusive supervision and emotional exhaustion and intent to leave were examined, as well as the gender differences in these relations. ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Chinese Employees’ Psychological Responses to Abusive Supervisors The Roles of Gender and Self-Esteem Author: Wang, Rong, Jiang, Jiang, Yang, Liuqin, Kwan Shing Chan, Darius Year: 2016 Drawing on the conservation of resources theory, the relations between abusive supervision and emotional exhaustion and intent to leave were examined, as well as the gender differences in these relations. Moreover, the moderating effect of self-esteem was tested in an integrated model stipulating that the gender-moderating effect was mediated by the abusive supervision × self-esteem interaction. Data were collected from 264 employees (111 men; M age = 32.0 years; M tenure = 9.2 years). Results of regression analyses indicated that abusive supervision was positively correlated to emotional exhaustion and intent to leave. Women reported higher emotional exhaustion and intent to leave than men. The relations of interest were stronger among employees with higher self-esteem (emotional exhaustion: β = 0.44; intent to leave: β = 0.53). The interaction of abusive supervision × self-esteem mediated the gender-moderating effect. Women's stronger responses to abusive supervision may be related to their higher self-esteem, possibly because of the importance of employment to Chinese women. Title: Chinese Employees’ Psychological Responses to Abusive Supervisors The Roles of Gender and Self-Esteem Author: Wang, Rong, Jiang, Jiang, Yang, Liuqin, Kwan Shing Chan, Darius Year: 2016 Drawing on the conservation of resources theory, the relations between abusive supervision and emotional exhaustion and intent to leave were examined, as well as the gender differences in these relations. Moreover, the moderating effect of self-esteem was tested in an integrated model stipulating that the gender-moderating effect was mediated by the abusive supervision × self-esteem interaction. Data were collected from 264 employees (111 men; M age = 32.0 years; M tenure = 9.2 years). Results of regression analyses indicated that abusive supervision was positively correlated to emotional exhaustion and intent to leave. Women reported higher emotional exhaustion and intent to leave than men. The relations of interest were stronger among employees with higher self-esteem (emotional exhaustion: β = 0.44; intent to leave: β = 0.53). The interaction of abusive supervision × self-esteem mediated the gender-moderating effect. Women's stronger responses to abusive supervision may be related to their higher self-esteem, possibly because of the importance of employment to Chinese women. Close

• 121. [Article] Self-Infantilizing Women: Paternalism in Abortion Lawmaking and Legislator Gender

  Mainstream feminist political science discourse primarily focuses on abortion as an issue of male dominance over female individuals, and little research has been conducted to determine whether female lawmakers, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Self-Infantilizing Women: Paternalism in Abortion Lawmaking and Legislator Gender Author: Martin, Cherie H. Year: 2016 Mainstream feminist political science discourse primarily focuses on abortion as an issue of male dominance over female individuals, and little research has been conducted to determine whether female lawmakers, too, are complicit in paternalism in anti-abortion rhetoric and lawmaking, and the implications of such self-infantilization. The present thesis surveys the existence of paternalistic language in state-level anti-abortion bills for the 2016 legislative session, and analyzes the results by legislator gender. The data conveys that both male and female legislators employ paternalistic language in anti-abortion legislation, which implies there is more to the abortion debate than gender differences. This paper explores the implications and potential causes of female legislators utilizing self-infantilizing language in the context of anti-abortion legislation, and argues the need for a significant reorientation of the abortion debate away from men versus women, and towards a discussion of the complex and varied intersections of race, wealth, age, gender and other social factors that affect a woman’s ability to access abortion. Title: Self-Infantilizing Women: Paternalism in Abortion Lawmaking and Legislator Gender Author: Martin, Cherie H. Year: 2016 Mainstream feminist political science discourse primarily focuses on abortion as an issue of male dominance over female individuals, and little research has been conducted to determine whether female lawmakers, too, are complicit in paternalism in anti-abortion rhetoric and lawmaking, and the implications of such self-infantilization. The present thesis surveys the existence of paternalistic language in state-level anti-abortion bills for the 2016 legislative session, and analyzes the results by legislator gender. The data conveys that both male and female legislators employ paternalistic language in anti-abortion legislation, which implies there is more to the abortion debate than gender differences. This paper explores the implications and potential causes of female legislators utilizing self-infantilizing language in the context of anti-abortion legislation, and argues the need for a significant reorientation of the abortion debate away from men versus women, and towards a discussion of the complex and varied intersections of race, wealth, age, gender and other social factors that affect a woman’s ability to access abortion. Close

• 122. [Article] Stereotype Threat and Effects of Students’ Perception of Their Math Teacher’s Fairness on Their Math Self-Efficacy

  Gender inequalities perpetuated by educational and occupational segregation may be exacerbated in part by socialization processes that occur in the years leading up to when high school students typically ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Stereotype Threat and Effects of Students’ Perception of Their Math Teacher’s Fairness on Their Math Self-Efficacy Author: DeVigal, Alexis Jocelyn Year: 2017 Gender inequalities perpetuated by educational and occupational segregation may be exacerbated in part by socialization processes that occur in the years leading up to when high school students typically begin considering postsecondary options. Students’ feelings of self-efficacy in certain subjects can be an important factor that informs their decisions to pursue coursework and programs. This study used stereotype theory to understand how students’ perceptions of their 9th math teacher’s fairness affected their 11th grade math efficacy and how this relationship was moderated by the gender of the student and their math teacher. Using the High School Longitudinal Study of 2009, linear regression models predicting students’ math efficacy in 2012 indicated that students have higher levels of math efficacy when they perceive their math teachers as more fair, though this relationship was explained away by controls. An additional interaction term between student gender and math teacher gender revealed that girls’ efficacy is more strongly affected by perceptions of their male math teachers than perceptions of their female math teachers. This finding may be explained by the persistence of stereotypes around math that assume male superiority in the subject, which leads students to see their male math teachers as true authorities in math as opposed to their female math teachers. Title: Stereotype Threat and Effects of Students’ Perception of Their Math Teacher’s Fairness on Their Math Self-Efficacy Author: DeVigal, Alexis Jocelyn Year: 2017 Gender inequalities perpetuated by educational and occupational segregation may be exacerbated in part by socialization processes that occur in the years leading up to when high school students typically begin considering postsecondary options. Students’ feelings of self-efficacy in certain subjects can be an important factor that informs their decisions to pursue coursework and programs. This study used stereotype theory to understand how students’ perceptions of their 9th math teacher’s fairness affected their 11th grade math efficacy and how this relationship was moderated by the gender of the student and their math teacher. Using the High School Longitudinal Study of 2009, linear regression models predicting students’ math efficacy in 2012 indicated that students have higher levels of math efficacy when they perceive their math teachers as more fair, though this relationship was explained away by controls. An additional interaction term between student gender and math teacher gender revealed that girls’ efficacy is more strongly affected by perceptions of their male math teachers than perceptions of their female math teachers. This finding may be explained by the persistence of stereotypes around math that assume male superiority in the subject, which leads students to see their male math teachers as true authorities in math as opposed to their female math teachers. Close

• 123. [Article] Gender : an important factor in end-user programming environments?

  A human-centric issue that has not been considered in the design of end-user programming environments is whether gender differences exist that are important to the design of these environments. Ignoring ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Gender : an important factor in end-user programming environments? Author: Beckwith, Laura A., Burnett, Margaret, 1949-, Oregon State University. Dept. of Computer Science A human-centric issue that has not been considered in the design of end-user programming environments is whether gender differences exist that are important to the design of these environments. Ignoring this issue would miss the opportunity of enhancing the effectiveness of end-user programmers by incorporating appropriate mechanisms to support gender-associated differences in decision making, learning, and problem solving. This paper takes a first step toward building a foundation for investigating this issue by surveying gender difference literature from five domains from the perspective of possible implications for end-user programming. We present a taxonomy of this literature, and derive a number of specific issues for each element of the taxonomy (stated as hypotheses). This foundation provides a starting point for organized investigations into issues that may be important for making breakthroughs in the effectiveness of end-user programmers. Title: Gender : an important factor in end-user programming environments? Author: Beckwith, Laura A., Burnett, Margaret, 1949-, Oregon State University. Dept. of Computer Science A human-centric issue that has not been considered in the design of end-user programming environments is whether gender differences exist that are important to the design of these environments. Ignoring this issue would miss the opportunity of enhancing the effectiveness of end-user programmers by incorporating appropriate mechanisms to support gender-associated differences in decision making, learning, and problem solving. This paper takes a first step toward building a foundation for investigating this issue by surveying gender difference literature from five domains from the perspective of possible implications for end-user programming. We present a taxonomy of this literature, and derive a number of specific issues for each element of the taxonomy (stated as hypotheses). This foundation provides a starting point for organized investigations into issues that may be important for making breakthroughs in the effectiveness of end-user programmers. Close

• 124. [Article] Traversing the United States-Mexico Border: Gender and Kinship in Migrant Families

  This paper explores the process of gender and kinship reconfiguration during transnational migration. Transnational migrants shift and adapt the ways in which they fulfill the cultural responsibilities ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Traversing the United States-Mexico Border: Gender and Kinship in Migrant Families Author: Harhai, Patrick S. Year: 2014 This paper explores the process of gender and kinship reconfiguration during transnational migration. Transnational migrants shift and adapt the ways in which they fulfill the cultural responsibilities of kinship and gender. This study focuses on Latin American migrants and their kin networks on both sides of the U.S.-Mexico border. Although themes of global economic, trade, and immigration are present, the focus is migration in a western context. Drawing on published ethnographies, I use data collected by anthropologists and other social science researchers in the past decade and a half to elucidate the ways in which governmental bodies control and incite migration. Transnational migration causes alterations to the methods of fulfilling kinship and gender responsibilities. The findings of this study are highly relevant in terms of creating a cross-cultural understanding of how and why people migrate to the United States. Title: Traversing the United States-Mexico Border: Gender and Kinship in Migrant Families Author: Harhai, Patrick S. Year: 2014 This paper explores the process of gender and kinship reconfiguration during transnational migration. Transnational migrants shift and adapt the ways in which they fulfill the cultural responsibilities of kinship and gender. This study focuses on Latin American migrants and their kin networks on both sides of the U.S.-Mexico border. Although themes of global economic, trade, and immigration are present, the focus is migration in a western context. Drawing on published ethnographies, I use data collected by anthropologists and other social science researchers in the past decade and a half to elucidate the ways in which governmental bodies control and incite migration. Transnational migration causes alterations to the methods of fulfilling kinship and gender responsibilities. The findings of this study are highly relevant in terms of creating a cross-cultural understanding of how and why people migrate to the United States. Close

• 125. [Article] Women and the Wilderness; A Review of Barriers to Participation, Current Coping Strategies, and Guidance for Future Programs

  This literature review discusses the obstacles that women face in participating in outdoor recreation, the ways in which they are currently navigating these obstacles, and discusses how the currently literature ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Women and the Wilderness; A Review of Barriers to Participation, Current Coping Strategies, and Guidance for Future Programs Author: Khajavei, Naiyear Year: 2017 This literature review discusses the obstacles that women face in participating in outdoor recreation, the ways in which they are currently navigating these obstacles, and discusses how the currently literature (and the gaps within it) can inform our future research and policy making. The obstacles women currently face in wilderness recreation surround gender roles and social expectations, lack of early skill-development and confidence, and a gendered geographic fear. Currently, women are navigating these obstacles by either conforming or rejecting gender roles in their participation, choosing to develop skills in female-only environments, and taking means to increase perceived safety such as carrying weapons and avoiding recreating outdoors alone. I argue that many of the ways in which women are currently navigating these issues takes away from the initial draw of outdoor recreation. This article ends with a call for more research and some advice for future programs that encourages all-female elements, redefined leadership roles, reduced use of heavy stress and exhaustion for skill development, and better advocation for safety measures and potential threats in a given activity. Title: Women and the Wilderness; A Review of Barriers to Participation, Current Coping Strategies, and Guidance for Future Programs Author: Khajavei, Naiyear Year: 2017 This literature review discusses the obstacles that women face in participating in outdoor recreation, the ways in which they are currently navigating these obstacles, and discusses how the currently literature (and the gaps within it) can inform our future research and policy making. The obstacles women currently face in wilderness recreation surround gender roles and social expectations, lack of early skill-development and confidence, and a gendered geographic fear. Currently, women are navigating these obstacles by either conforming or rejecting gender roles in their participation, choosing to develop skills in female-only environments, and taking means to increase perceived safety such as carrying weapons and avoiding recreating outdoors alone. I argue that many of the ways in which women are currently navigating these issues takes away from the initial draw of outdoor recreation. This article ends with a call for more research and some advice for future programs that encourages all-female elements, redefined leadership roles, reduced use of heavy stress and exhaustion for skill development, and better advocation for safety measures and potential threats in a given activity. Close

• 126. [Article] kristinaschmunk_UHCthesisposter_2012.pdf

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: kristinaschmunk_UHCthesisposter_2012.pdf Author: Schmunk, Kristina Title: kristinaschmunk_UHCthesisposter_2012.pdf Author: Schmunk, Kristina Close

• 127. [Article] UHCThesis_kschmunk_FINAL.pdf

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: UHCThesis_kschmunk_FINAL.pdf Author: Schmunk, Kristina Title: UHCThesis_kschmunk_FINAL.pdf Author: Schmunk, Kristina Close

• 128. [Article] Caught in the act : casting myself as a performing writer in rhetoric and writing studies

  The following thesis explores the potential for autoethnography to serve as an enabling method for developing a grounded understanding of literacy, performance, gender and sexuality. As autoethnographic ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Caught in the act : casting myself as a performing writer in rhetoric and writing studies Author: Dieter, Thomas Edward The following thesis explores the potential for autoethnography to serve as an enabling method for developing a grounded understanding of literacy, performance, gender and sexuality. As autoethnographic writing insists that even the seemingly most personal aspects of a researcher's character are deeply embedded in larger political and sociocultural narratives, this thesis suggests that writers can productively use autoethnography to enrich their understanding of the matrices of self and other. The first chapter examines some of the uses and understandings of this method in rhetoric and writing studies as well as some of its intersections with other scholarly pursuits. The second chapter continues by offering the author's own autoethnography, centering on his literacy development as a performer and gender-marked person. The final chapter concludes by asserting that autoethnography, at its best, catches writers "in the act" in important ways, resisting universalizing and homogenizing claims and bringing to the fore previously marginalized stories about performance and gender. Title: Caught in the act : casting myself as a performing writer in rhetoric and writing studies Author: Dieter, Thomas Edward The following thesis explores the potential for autoethnography to serve as an enabling method for developing a grounded understanding of literacy, performance, gender and sexuality. As autoethnographic writing insists that even the seemingly most personal aspects of a researcher's character are deeply embedded in larger political and sociocultural narratives, this thesis suggests that writers can productively use autoethnography to enrich their understanding of the matrices of self and other. The first chapter examines some of the uses and understandings of this method in rhetoric and writing studies as well as some of its intersections with other scholarly pursuits. The second chapter continues by offering the author's own autoethnography, centering on his literacy development as a performer and gender-marked person. The final chapter concludes by asserting that autoethnography, at its best, catches writers "in the act" in important ways, resisting universalizing and homogenizing claims and bringing to the fore previously marginalized stories about performance and gender. Close

• 129. [Article] The Impacts of Gender-Focused Social Programs at a Micro-Finance Institution: A Case Study in Ayacucho, Peru

  The goal of this research project is to better understand the impacts and difficulties of offering gender-focused social programs through micro-lending banks. Previous research has demonstrated not only ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Impacts of Gender-Focused Social Programs at a Micro-Finance Institution: A Case Study in Ayacucho, Peru Author: Rockey, Tyler L. The goal of this research project is to better understand the impacts and difficulties of offering gender-focused social programs through micro-lending banks. Previous research has demonstrated not only the importance of micro-lending, and the benefits of lending to women, but also the value of offering social programs specifically designed to address their needs. The project focused on the Gender Action Learning System (GALS) program, provided by FINCA-Peru, a micro-finance institution in Ayacucho, Peru. The purpose of the program was to empower women, and help them to value themselves and to plan for the future. The methodology included 57 interviews with members of FINCA-Peru who had completed the GALS training, as well as 5 interviews with leaders of the banking groups and 4 interviews with GALS program facilitators. Evaluation survey data about the program were also used. The results of the study confirm previous research showing the importance of gender-focused social programs in micro-lending institutions. Both the interview and survey responses were overwhelmingly positive. Many bank members mentioned that GALS had helped them to value themselves as women, interact and communicate with family members, and plan for the future. There were also ideas for improving Title: The Impacts of Gender-Focused Social Programs at a Micro-Finance Institution: A Case Study in Ayacucho, Peru Author: Rockey, Tyler L. The goal of this research project is to better understand the impacts and difficulties of offering gender-focused social programs through micro-lending banks. Previous research has demonstrated not only the importance of micro-lending, and the benefits of lending to women, but also the value of offering social programs specifically designed to address their needs. The project focused on the Gender Action Learning System (GALS) program, provided by FINCA-Peru, a micro-finance institution in Ayacucho, Peru. The purpose of the program was to empower women, and help them to value themselves and to plan for the future. The methodology included 57 interviews with members of FINCA-Peru who had completed the GALS training, as well as 5 interviews with leaders of the banking groups and 4 interviews with GALS program facilitators. Evaluation survey data about the program were also used. The results of the study confirm previous research showing the importance of gender-focused social programs in micro-lending institutions. Both the interview and survey responses were overwhelmingly positive. Many bank members mentioned that GALS had helped them to value themselves as women, interact and communicate with family members, and plan for the future. There were also ideas for improving Close

• 130. [Article] Policies and practices of L.G.B.T. friendly institutions to support students who are attracted to more than one gender.

  Within the United States, the number of "out" Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual (LGB) individuals attending a college or university is on the rise (Rosario, Schrimshaw, Hunter & Braun, 2006). With this increase, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Policies and practices of L.G.B.T. friendly institutions to support students who are attracted to more than one gender. Author: Zissen, Donald J. Within the United States, the number of "out" Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual (LGB) individuals attending a college or university is on the rise (Rosario, Schrimshaw, Hunter & Braun, 2006). With this increase, the new and/or different ways that lesbian and gay individuals can present and express their sexual orientation has also risen. For example, many college students now identify as pansexual, sapiosexual, and other identities that are not bound within the gender binary and preconceived sexual orientations. These individuals often experience marginalization, not only from the heterosexual majority, but from their homosexual counterparts as well. Forms of institutionalized support for lesbian and gay students have also continued to rise, but evidence of support for emergent LGB identities is not as evident in the literature (Fine, 2012; Sanlo, 2000). This study examined U.S. colleges and universities that have been identified as leaders in the LGB student support field and investigated how they develop policy and provide services and support for those individuals who identify on the LGB spectrum, but not as lesbian or gay. The research questions that framed this research were as follows: (a) What policies have the administrations at these institutions enacted to support students who are attracted to more than one gender? (b) What practices have the administrations at these institutions employed to support students who are attracted to more than one gender? and (c) How do the physical, aggregate, organizational, and constructed dimensions of involvement impact the ways in which institutions are able to support students who are attracted to more than one gender? This research used a case-study tradition with the researcher gathering data from eight US colleges/universities via interviews with institutional professionals and examination of existing institutional documents such as the website, meeting agendas and minutes. Three key findings emerged. First, inclusive LGB programming is favored by university programs serving the LGB population over targeted programming for students who are attracted to more than one gender. Second, generalizable LGBT policies are chosen more often than policies designed for specific identities. Finally, physical location of institutions, layout and flexibility of LGBT centers, availability and visibility of professional staff members, and the ability for a student to become involved with institution/LGBT center are important components to supporting individuals who are attracted to more than one gender. In considering these findings, the researcher offers three main implications. First, assessment of programs and policies designed to support individuals who are attracted to more than one gender should occur on a regular basis. Second, institutions may want to examine the language used within programs and policies to ensure that constituents are truly represented. Third, practitioners may want to use a critical eye when developing programming to ensure that it is supported by institutional policy. If such programming is not motivated by policy, then practitioners should be able to show a need for the programming thereby providing insight into possible gaps in student support. Title: Policies and practices of L.G.B.T. friendly institutions to support students who are attracted to more than one gender. Author: Zissen, Donald J. Within the United States, the number of "out" Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual (LGB) individuals attending a college or university is on the rise (Rosario, Schrimshaw, Hunter & Braun, 2006). With this increase, the new and/or different ways that lesbian and gay individuals can present and express their sexual orientation has also risen. For example, many college students now identify as pansexual, sapiosexual, and other identities that are not bound within the gender binary and preconceived sexual orientations. These individuals often experience marginalization, not only from the heterosexual majority, but from their homosexual counterparts as well. Forms of institutionalized support for lesbian and gay students have also continued to rise, but evidence of support for emergent LGB identities is not as evident in the literature (Fine, 2012; Sanlo, 2000). This study examined U.S. colleges and universities that have been identified as leaders in the LGB student support field and investigated how they develop policy and provide services and support for those individuals who identify on the LGB spectrum, but not as lesbian or gay. The research questions that framed this research were as follows: (a) What policies have the administrations at these institutions enacted to support students who are attracted to more than one gender? (b) What practices have the administrations at these institutions employed to support students who are attracted to more than one gender? and (c) How do the physical, aggregate, organizational, and constructed dimensions of involvement impact the ways in which institutions are able to support students who are attracted to more than one gender? This research used a case-study tradition with the researcher gathering data from eight US colleges/universities via interviews with institutional professionals and examination of existing institutional documents such as the website, meeting agendas and minutes. Three key findings emerged. First, inclusive LGB programming is favored by university programs serving the LGB population over targeted programming for students who are attracted to more than one gender. Second, generalizable LGBT policies are chosen more often than policies designed for specific identities. Finally, physical location of institutions, layout and flexibility of LGBT centers, availability and visibility of professional staff members, and the ability for a student to become involved with institution/LGBT center are important components to supporting individuals who are attracted to more than one gender. In considering these findings, the researcher offers three main implications. First, assessment of programs and policies designed to support individuals who are attracted to more than one gender should occur on a regular basis. Second, institutions may want to examine the language used within programs and policies to ensure that constituents are truly represented. Third, practitioners may want to use a critical eye when developing programming to ensure that it is supported by institutional policy. If such programming is not motivated by policy, then practitioners should be able to show a need for the programming thereby providing insight into possible gaps in student support. Close

• 131. [Article] Irreconcilable differences : modernist representations of class and gender in the early work (1911-1936) of Rebecca West

  This thesis on Rebecca West's writing (1911-1936) addresses the relationship between her polemical essays and her fiction, exploring modernist representations of class and gender differences and conflicts. ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Irreconcilable differences : modernist representations of class and gender in the early work (1911-1936) of Rebecca West Author: Pence, Peggy D. This thesis on Rebecca West's writing (1911-1936) addresses the relationship between her polemical essays and her fiction, exploring modernist representations of class and gender differences and conflicts. West expresses a view of gender and class relations in early twentieth century Great Britain that is based on opposed and dichotomous pairs which cannot be deconstructed. Multiple and shifting tensions between socially constructed versus essentialist views emerge through representations of war, marriage, female bodies, and social bodies. I provide an analysis of several of West's political articles published in The Clarion and in The New Republic from 19/1-/916, and two novels, The Return of the Soldier (1918) and The Thinking Reed (1936). I argue for a reading of West's work that does not attempt to reconcile the contradictions therein, but rather examines them as "irreconcilable differences." Reading West's work in this way allows for an understanding of West's view of the paradoxical nature of gender and class relations, as well as what Marshall Berman termed the "paradoxical unity" of modernism. Title: Irreconcilable differences : modernist representations of class and gender in the early work (1911-1936) of Rebecca West Author: Pence, Peggy D. This thesis on Rebecca West's writing (1911-1936) addresses the relationship between her polemical essays and her fiction, exploring modernist representations of class and gender differences and conflicts. West expresses a view of gender and class relations in early twentieth century Great Britain that is based on opposed and dichotomous pairs which cannot be deconstructed. Multiple and shifting tensions between socially constructed versus essentialist views emerge through representations of war, marriage, female bodies, and social bodies. I provide an analysis of several of West's political articles published in The Clarion and in The New Republic from 19/1-/916, and two novels, The Return of the Soldier (1918) and The Thinking Reed (1936). I argue for a reading of West's work that does not attempt to reconcile the contradictions therein, but rather examines them as "irreconcilable differences." Reading West's work in this way allows for an understanding of West's view of the paradoxical nature of gender and class relations, as well as what Marshall Berman termed the "paradoxical unity" of modernism. Close

• 132. [Article] Empowerment and Gender Equality for Water and Sanitation in Rural India: Two Case Studies

  Women and marginalized populations often encounter adversity associated with access, planning, and management of water and sanitation (WatSan) resources in rural India. The Government of India (GOI) has ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Empowerment and Gender Equality for Water and Sanitation in Rural India: Two Case Studies Author: Brown, Abigail Women and marginalized populations often encounter adversity associated with access, planning, and management of water and sanitation (WatSan) resources in rural India. The Government of India (GOI) has shifted to decentralized, participatory WatSan systems and developed policies to include women and marginalized populations from rural areas in WatSan. Many NGOs working on WatSan in rural India also strive to include women and marginalized populations. Both the GOI and NGOs claim decentralized, participatory programs lead to empowerment of women and gender equality. Through separate case studies, this paper reviews WatSan programs started by two NGOs in different villages in India. The two NGOs (NGO A and NGO B) aspire to empower women and achieve gender equality in conjunction with WatSan programs. Mixed methods are used to evaluate empowerment and gender equality in villages related and unrelated to WatSan programs. The concept of empowerment is divided into two components: empowerment potential and the empowerment process. Empowerment potential for WatSan is gauged using an Empowerment Potential Index (EPI) that determines access to WatSan, access to WatSan planning groups, and access to WatSan management groups for individuals using data from household surveys. Women respondents in NGO A have higher ratings on the EPI. Women respondents in NGO B have comparatively lower ratings on the EPI. This is likely correlated to the time each NGO has been working in the WatSan sector. The empowerment process for WatSan is gauged using a definition of self-worth, capacity, and transformation to analyze data from individual interviews. Women participants in NGO A engaged in the empowerment process largely through obtaining microcredit to make household and community financial decisions unrelated to WatSan. Women participants in NGO B engaged in the empowerment process mainly through individual communication about water issues with the vice-president of their village government. Neither NGO has a clear definition of empowerment nor a monitoring program in place to measure empowerment, but each NGO collects sex-disaggregated data to measure gender equality. Both NGOs have fewer comments by women related to self-worth when compared to comments related to capacity and transformation. Both NGOs have lower occurrences of the empowerment process occurring on the political level according to women in individual interviews. Gender equality for WatSan was improved by each organization. NGO A implemented WatSan efforts that influenced gender equality and empowerment through creation of community groups that provided loans for WatSan and WatSan awareness. NGO B implemented WatSan efforts that influenced gender equality and empowerment through access to WatSan and increased WatSan awareness. Title: Empowerment and Gender Equality for Water and Sanitation in Rural India: Two Case Studies Author: Brown, Abigail Women and marginalized populations often encounter adversity associated with access, planning, and management of water and sanitation (WatSan) resources in rural India. The Government of India (GOI) has shifted to decentralized, participatory WatSan systems and developed policies to include women and marginalized populations from rural areas in WatSan. Many NGOs working on WatSan in rural India also strive to include women and marginalized populations. Both the GOI and NGOs claim decentralized, participatory programs lead to empowerment of women and gender equality. Through separate case studies, this paper reviews WatSan programs started by two NGOs in different villages in India. The two NGOs (NGO A and NGO B) aspire to empower women and achieve gender equality in conjunction with WatSan programs. Mixed methods are used to evaluate empowerment and gender equality in villages related and unrelated to WatSan programs. The concept of empowerment is divided into two components: empowerment potential and the empowerment process. Empowerment potential for WatSan is gauged using an Empowerment Potential Index (EPI) that determines access to WatSan, access to WatSan planning groups, and access to WatSan management groups for individuals using data from household surveys. Women respondents in NGO A have higher ratings on the EPI. Women respondents in NGO B have comparatively lower ratings on the EPI. This is likely correlated to the time each NGO has been working in the WatSan sector. The empowerment process for WatSan is gauged using a definition of self-worth, capacity, and transformation to analyze data from individual interviews. Women participants in NGO A engaged in the empowerment process largely through obtaining microcredit to make household and community financial decisions unrelated to WatSan. Women participants in NGO B engaged in the empowerment process mainly through individual communication about water issues with the vice-president of their village government. Neither NGO has a clear definition of empowerment nor a monitoring program in place to measure empowerment, but each NGO collects sex-disaggregated data to measure gender equality. Both NGOs have fewer comments by women related to self-worth when compared to comments related to capacity and transformation. Both NGOs have lower occurrences of the empowerment process occurring on the political level according to women in individual interviews. Gender equality for WatSan was improved by each organization. NGO A implemented WatSan efforts that influenced gender equality and empowerment through creation of community groups that provided loans for WatSan and WatSan awareness. NGO B implemented WatSan efforts that influenced gender equality and empowerment through access to WatSan and increased WatSan awareness. Close

• 133. [Article] MOWLA IIFET.pdf

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: MOWLA IIFET.pdf Author: Naher, Nurun, Mowla, Runia Title: MOWLA IIFET.pdf Author: Naher, Nurun, Mowla, Runia Close

• 134. [Article] Mowla 115 IIFET 2014.pdf

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Mowla 115 IIFET 2014.pdf Author: Naher, Nurun, Mowla, Runia Title: Mowla 115 IIFET 2014.pdf Author: Naher, Nurun, Mowla, Runia Close

• 135. [Article] Performing Upon Her Painted Piano: The Burne-Jones Pianos and The Victorian Female Gender Performance

  This thesis centers around three pianos designed and/or decorated by the Victorian artist Sir Edward Coley Burne-Jones: the Priestley Piano, the Graham Piano, and the Ionides Piano. I read and interpret ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Performing Upon Her Painted Piano: The Burne-Jones Pianos and The Victorian Female Gender Performance Author: Anderson, Amelia Year: 2017 This thesis centers around three pianos designed and/or decorated by the Victorian artist Sir Edward Coley Burne-Jones: the Priestley Piano, the Graham Piano, and the Ionides Piano. I read and interpret the Burne-Jones pianos not only as examples of the artist’s exploration of the boundaries of visual art and music, but also as reflections of the Victorian era female gender performance. Their physical forms and decorations, both designed and executed by Burne-Jones, enhance the piano as an instrument and accentuate their respective female performers. The music emanating from these pianos and the domestic space in which they inhabit prompt and contribute to the Victorian female performance of gender. Title: Performing Upon Her Painted Piano: The Burne-Jones Pianos and The Victorian Female Gender Performance Author: Anderson, Amelia Year: 2017 This thesis centers around three pianos designed and/or decorated by the Victorian artist Sir Edward Coley Burne-Jones: the Priestley Piano, the Graham Piano, and the Ionides Piano. I read and interpret the Burne-Jones pianos not only as examples of the artist’s exploration of the boundaries of visual art and music, but also as reflections of the Victorian era female gender performance. Their physical forms and decorations, both designed and executed by Burne-Jones, enhance the piano as an instrument and accentuate their respective female performers. The music emanating from these pianos and the domestic space in which they inhabit prompt and contribute to the Victorian female performance of gender. Close

• 136. [Article] Gender, Race, and Perception of Environmental Health Risks

  25 pages

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Gender, Race, and Perception of Environmental Health Risks Author: Flynn, James, Slovic, Paul, Mertz, C. K. Year: 2017, 1994 25 pages Title: Gender, Race, and Perception of Environmental Health Risks Author: Flynn, James, Slovic, Paul, Mertz, C. K. Year: 2017, 1994 25 pages Close

• 137. [Article] Shifting Perspectives: Changing Policies Promoting Women’s Empowerment in Afghanistan

  THESIS ABSTRACT In this thesis, I attempt to identify major obstacles that are challenging the implementation of international human rights treaties in Afghanistan. With a focus on the treaties that promote ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Shifting Perspectives: Changing Policies Promoting Women’s Empowerment in Afghanistan Author: Wafeq, Nabila Year: 2016 THESIS ABSTRACT In this thesis, I attempt to identify major obstacles that are challenging the implementation of international human rights treaties in Afghanistan. With a focus on the treaties that promote women’s rights and prevent violence against women in a post-conflict situation. There are several obstacles including lack of rule of law and the existence of customary practices in Afghanistan. Despite these challenges, there are national legislations and policies that promote women’s rights and empowerment in Afghanistan. However, for women’s empowerment, it is not sufficient to have supportive laws and policies, but there is need for a systematic transformation of patriarchal structures by conducting a thorough gender analysis and ensuring gender mainstreaming. The Afghan government, as part of its commitment to the international community, has to take measures for removing obstacles and ensuring the implementation of human rights treaties in order to pave the way for women’s empowerment in Afghanistan. Title: Shifting Perspectives: Changing Policies Promoting Women’s Empowerment in Afghanistan Author: Wafeq, Nabila Year: 2016 THESIS ABSTRACT In this thesis, I attempt to identify major obstacles that are challenging the implementation of international human rights treaties in Afghanistan. With a focus on the treaties that promote women’s rights and prevent violence against women in a post-conflict situation. There are several obstacles including lack of rule of law and the existence of customary practices in Afghanistan. Despite these challenges, there are national legislations and policies that promote women’s rights and empowerment in Afghanistan. However, for women’s empowerment, it is not sufficient to have supportive laws and policies, but there is need for a systematic transformation of patriarchal structures by conducting a thorough gender analysis and ensuring gender mainstreaming. The Afghan government, as part of its commitment to the international community, has to take measures for removing obstacles and ensuring the implementation of human rights treaties in order to pave the way for women’s empowerment in Afghanistan. Close

• 138. [Article] Clowns Ex Machina: An Investigation of the Relationship Between Gender and Clown

  Historically, women have been largely discounted from the public comedic arena, typically serving as the butt of the joke or other various comedic fodder. As a female comedian, I became interested in ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Clowns Ex Machina: An Investigation of the Relationship Between Gender and Clown Author: Bates, Kimberly Year: 2012 Historically, women have been largely discounted from the public comedic arena, typically serving as the butt of the joke or other various comedic fodder. As a female comedian, I became interested in how gender played into the performance of comedy, particularly in clown work. This case study follows an all female clown troupe called Clowns Ex Machina, based in New York, and investigates the impact of generating clown work in an all-female environment by all-female performers. The work that they do not only validates female participation in clown, but it also shows that the female experience is a human experience, and that gender lines do not have to prevent empathic identification. Title: Clowns Ex Machina: An Investigation of the Relationship Between Gender and Clown Author: Bates, Kimberly Year: 2012 Historically, women have been largely discounted from the public comedic arena, typically serving as the butt of the joke or other various comedic fodder. As a female comedian, I became interested in how gender played into the performance of comedy, particularly in clown work. This case study follows an all female clown troupe called Clowns Ex Machina, based in New York, and investigates the impact of generating clown work in an all-female environment by all-female performers. The work that they do not only validates female participation in clown, but it also shows that the female experience is a human experience, and that gender lines do not have to prevent empathic identification. Close

• 139. [Article] Sea Change: Japan's New Wave of Female Film Directors

  Since the mid-2000s, there has been a significant increase in female directors in Japan. Organized around the central feature of this emerging wave, this dissertation is a multifaceted project that combines ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Sea Change: Japan's New Wave of Female Film Directors Author: Laird, Colleen Year: 2013 Since the mid-2000s, there has been a significant increase in female directors in Japan. Organized around the central feature of this emerging wave, this dissertation is a multifaceted project that combines historical research with reception studies, industry studies, gender studies, and formal analysis of films and marketing paratexts. In exploring the connections between film production, reception, exhibition, and auteur personas, I argue that the recent emergence of women into commercial cinema is fueled by gendered marketing tactics that seek to target contemporary female consumers. This focused gendering of auteur, product, exhibition space, and presumed spectator is changing the landscape of cinema in Japan, a process some refer to as "feminization." My dissertation rethinks the history of Japanese cinema with regards to the relationship between filmmakers as gendered bodies, distribution companies and marketing as patriarchal power structures, and the capital wielding demographic of female spectators as influential, but often neglected, consumers. Title: Sea Change: Japan's New Wave of Female Film Directors Author: Laird, Colleen Year: 2013 Since the mid-2000s, there has been a significant increase in female directors in Japan. Organized around the central feature of this emerging wave, this dissertation is a multifaceted project that combines historical research with reception studies, industry studies, gender studies, and formal analysis of films and marketing paratexts. In exploring the connections between film production, reception, exhibition, and auteur personas, I argue that the recent emergence of women into commercial cinema is fueled by gendered marketing tactics that seek to target contemporary female consumers. This focused gendering of auteur, product, exhibition space, and presumed spectator is changing the landscape of cinema in Japan, a process some refer to as "feminization." My dissertation rethinks the history of Japanese cinema with regards to the relationship between filmmakers as gendered bodies, distribution companies and marketing as patriarchal power structures, and the capital wielding demographic of female spectators as influential, but often neglected, consumers. Close

• 140. [Article] Blurring the Boundaries: Applying Gender Studies and Material Culture Studies to "Fine Art," Decorative Art, and Craft

  132 p. Examining committee chair: Dr. Douglas Blandy

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Blurring the Boundaries: Applying Gender Studies and Material Culture Studies to "Fine Art," Decorative Art, and Craft Author: Schaup, Lisa A. Year: 2005 132 p. Examining committee chair: Dr. Douglas Blandy Title: Blurring the Boundaries: Applying Gender Studies and Material Culture Studies to "Fine Art," Decorative Art, and Craft Author: Schaup, Lisa A. Year: 2005 132 p. Examining committee chair: Dr. Douglas Blandy Close

• 141. [Article] Contribution of Lake Victoria Dagaa Fishery in East and Central African Fish Trade

  This is part of the IIFET Special Session on Markets and Value Chains for Small Aquaculture & Fisheries Enterprises with a Focus on Gender that took place on 17 July 2012 in Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania in ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Contribution of Lake Victoria Dagaa Fishery in East and Central African Fish Trade Author: Mlaponi, Enock, Salehe, Mwanahamis, Onyango, Paul O., Mrosso, Hilary D.J. This is part of the IIFET Special Session on Markets and Value Chains for Small Aquaculture & Fisheries Enterprises with a Focus on Gender that took place on 17 July 2012 in Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania in conjunction with 16th IIFET Conference. The complete proceedings of this special session are available (http://aquafishcrsp.oregonstate.edu/Documents/Uploads/FileManager/IIFET%202012%20CRSP%20Session%20Proceedings%20Final_small.pdf) through the Aquaculture & Fisheries Collaborative Research Support Program gender web site, (http://aquafishcrsp.oregonstate.edu/Gender/). Title: Contribution of Lake Victoria Dagaa Fishery in East and Central African Fish Trade Author: Mlaponi, Enock, Salehe, Mwanahamis, Onyango, Paul O., Mrosso, Hilary D.J. This is part of the IIFET Special Session on Markets and Value Chains for Small Aquaculture & Fisheries Enterprises with a Focus on Gender that took place on 17 July 2012 in Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania in conjunction with 16th IIFET Conference. The complete proceedings of this special session are available (http://aquafishcrsp.oregonstate.edu/Documents/Uploads/FileManager/IIFET%202012%20CRSP%20Session%20Proceedings%20Final_small.pdf) through the Aquaculture & Fisheries Collaborative Research Support Program gender web site, (http://aquafishcrsp.oregonstate.edu/Gender/). Close

• 142. [Article] Olufayo presentation.pdf

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Olufayo presentation.pdf Author: Olufayo, Mosun Title: Olufayo presentation.pdf Author: Olufayo, Mosun Close

• 143. [Article] olufayo iifet paper.pdf

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: olufayo iifet paper.pdf Author: Olufayo, Mosun Title: olufayo iifet paper.pdf Author: Olufayo, Mosun Close

• 144. [Article] Review of "Reason and Passion: Representations of Gender in a Malay Society," by Michael G. Peletz

  Review of "Reason and Passion: Representations of Gender in a Malay Society" by Michael G. Peletz, published by University of California Press, 1996.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Review of "Reason and Passion: Representations of Gender in a Malay Society," by Michael G. Peletz Author: Carstens, Sharon A. Year: 1999 Review of "Reason and Passion: Representations of Gender in a Malay Society" by Michael G. Peletz, published by University of California Press, 1996. Title: Review of "Reason and Passion: Representations of Gender in a Malay Society," by Michael G. Peletz Author: Carstens, Sharon A. Year: 1999 Review of "Reason and Passion: Representations of Gender in a Malay Society" by Michael G. Peletz, published by University of California Press, 1996. Close

• 145. [Article] Book Review of, Caitrin Lynch. <i>Juki Girls, Good Girls: Gender and Cultural Politics in Sri Lanka’s Global Garment Industry</i>

  Reviews the book "Juki Girls, Good Girls: Gender and Cultural Politics in Sri Lanka’s Global Garment Industry," by Caitrin Lynch

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Book Review of, Caitrin Lynch. <i>Juki Girls, Good Girls: Gender and Cultural Politics in Sri Lanka’s Global Garment Industry</i> Author: Gamburd, Michele Ruth Year: 2008 Reviews the book "Juki Girls, Good Girls: Gender and Cultural Politics in Sri Lanka’s Global Garment Industry," by Caitrin Lynch Title: Book Review of, Caitrin Lynch. <i>Juki Girls, Good Girls: Gender and Cultural Politics in Sri Lanka’s Global Garment Industry</i> Author: Gamburd, Michele Ruth Year: 2008 Reviews the book "Juki Girls, Good Girls: Gender and Cultural Politics in Sri Lanka’s Global Garment Industry," by Caitrin Lynch Close

• 146. [Article] Novice Teachers’ Narratives of Seeing the Spectrum from a Lense of Social (In)Justice: Preservice’ Teachers’ Well-Remembered Events of Gender-based Pedagogical and Policing Practices in Elementary School Settings

  Despite very recent and hard-earned progress in national and state legislation explicitly prohibiting discrimination and bullying based on gender identity, expression, or sexual orientation, new teachers ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Novice Teachers’ Narratives of Seeing the Spectrum from a Lense of Social (In)Justice: Preservice’ Teachers’ Well-Remembered Events of Gender-based Pedagogical and Policing Practices in Elementary School Settings Author: Sugimoto, Amanda, Carter, Kathy Year: 2016 Despite very recent and hard-earned progress in national and state legislation explicitly prohibiting discrimination and bullying based on gender identity, expression, or sexual orientation, new teachers continue to report that their professional preparation programs do not adequately prepare them to address both the subtle and serious classroom-based bullying scenarios which routinely marginalize a particular group of students, those who identify as lesbian gay, bisexual, transgender, or questioning (LGBTQ) students (Jennings, 2007). To be sure, we, as a teacher education community, need to push forward in our work to develop socially just teacher education curriculum and tasks which prepare teachers to acknowledge the importance of the “in between” and nuanced life spaces of the students they will teach, the students who represent a spectrum of being between the symbolic gender binary of the letters X or Y. Fortunately, a number of recent research studies can be supportive of this goal. This growing body of research has begun carefully to provide evidence to help us understand that middle and high school classroom settings are situated places where harmful adolescent peer-policing toward the gender binary “X” or “Y” routinely occurs (GLSEN and Harris Interactive, 2012; Robinson & Espelage, 2001; Stoudt, 2006; Mora, 2012). Adding to these important lines of inquiry, very recent work (proposal authors, 2014, 2015) has made use of narrative methodology to explore and uncover the specific ways elementary schoolchildren interact with one another about the spectrum of gender identity and/or expression. In addition, this body of work has uncovered several recurring and thematic school-placed plot patterns of student humiliation and shame, e.g. lived-out school stories of student shame and sorrow which routinely occur as a result of gender policing. Yet even with these new and important lines of inquiry to propel us forward in our work toward socially just teacher preparation, much less is presently known about how preservice teachers’ perceive and interpret the everyday pedagogical practices of their mentor teachers as they daily interact and engage with students’ representative of a spectrum of gender identity and expression. The present study examines this important question through a careful and iterative analysis of the school-based narratives of a cadre of preservice teachers placed in elementary school settings with experienced and practicing teachers. Title: Novice Teachers’ Narratives of Seeing the Spectrum from a Lense of Social (In)Justice: Preservice’ Teachers’ Well-Remembered Events of Gender-based Pedagogical and Policing Practices in Elementary School Settings Author: Sugimoto, Amanda, Carter, Kathy Year: 2016 Despite very recent and hard-earned progress in national and state legislation explicitly prohibiting discrimination and bullying based on gender identity, expression, or sexual orientation, new teachers continue to report that their professional preparation programs do not adequately prepare them to address both the subtle and serious classroom-based bullying scenarios which routinely marginalize a particular group of students, those who identify as lesbian gay, bisexual, transgender, or questioning (LGBTQ) students (Jennings, 2007). To be sure, we, as a teacher education community, need to push forward in our work to develop socially just teacher education curriculum and tasks which prepare teachers to acknowledge the importance of the “in between” and nuanced life spaces of the students they will teach, the students who represent a spectrum of being between the symbolic gender binary of the letters X or Y. Fortunately, a number of recent research studies can be supportive of this goal. This growing body of research has begun carefully to provide evidence to help us understand that middle and high school classroom settings are situated places where harmful adolescent peer-policing toward the gender binary “X” or “Y” routinely occurs (GLSEN and Harris Interactive, 2012; Robinson & Espelage, 2001; Stoudt, 2006; Mora, 2012). Adding to these important lines of inquiry, very recent work (proposal authors, 2014, 2015) has made use of narrative methodology to explore and uncover the specific ways elementary schoolchildren interact with one another about the spectrum of gender identity and/or expression. In addition, this body of work has uncovered several recurring and thematic school-placed plot patterns of student humiliation and shame, e.g. lived-out school stories of student shame and sorrow which routinely occur as a result of gender policing. Yet even with these new and important lines of inquiry to propel us forward in our work toward socially just teacher preparation, much less is presently known about how preservice teachers’ perceive and interpret the everyday pedagogical practices of their mentor teachers as they daily interact and engage with students’ representative of a spectrum of gender identity and expression. The present study examines this important question through a careful and iterative analysis of the school-based narratives of a cadre of preservice teachers placed in elementary school settings with experienced and practicing teachers. Close

• 147. [Article] Comparisons in Parole Supervision: Assessing Gendered Responses to Technical Violation Sanctions

  Presentation focuses on the gender differences in community supervision and asks, "Is there a difference in how men and women respond to sanctions for technical violations?"

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Comparisons in Parole Supervision: Assessing Gendered Responses to Technical Violation Sanctions Author: Campbell, Christopher M., Labrecque, Ryan M., Mohler, Megan, Christmannn, Molly Year: 2017 Presentation focuses on the gender differences in community supervision and asks, "Is there a difference in how men and women respond to sanctions for technical violations?" Title: Comparisons in Parole Supervision: Assessing Gendered Responses to Technical Violation Sanctions Author: Campbell, Christopher M., Labrecque, Ryan M., Mohler, Megan, Christmannn, Molly Year: 2017 Presentation focuses on the gender differences in community supervision and asks, "Is there a difference in how men and women respond to sanctions for technical violations?" Close

• 148. [Article] Influence strategies used during work and family decisions : their connection to decision and marital satisfaction

  Changes in work and family roles as more women are entering the work force prompt a re-examination of how couples make work and family decisions. Research confirms that influence is an important component ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Influence strategies used during work and family decisions : their connection to decision and marital satisfaction Author: Leier, Elaine M. Changes in work and family roles as more women are entering the work force prompt a re-examination of how couples make work and family decisions. Research confirms that influence is an important component of the decision-making process. Because of the recent changes in women's paid work roles, women may now use more influence strategies than when they were not in the paid work force in such large numbers. From a family decision-making perspective, investigations of the different influence strategies used in making work and family decisions have not occurred in past research. The purpose of this study was to investigate how couples make work and family decisions, examining the impact of gender role traditionality and influence strategies used in decision making. In addition, the association between influence strategies with marital satisfaction was investigated. The sample of this study consisted of 61 couples who had made a work and family decision in the past 6 months. A mail questionnaire was developed assessing the husbands' and wives' use of different influence strategies from Spiro (1983), their gender role traditionality, their satisfaction of the outcome of the decision, and marital satisfaction. The first research question addressed gender role traditionality and influence strategies. Pearson's correlations indicate that traditional wives were more likely to use reward eferent influence than nontraditional wives and that traditional husbands were more likely to use legitimate influence than nontraditional husbands. Also, the connection between gender role traditionality, influence strategies, and decision making satisfaction was investigated. Using hierarchial regression, decision outcome satisfaction accounted for 24 percent of the variance in wives' marital satisfaction. Furthermore, prediction of wives' marital satisfaction was improved 16 percent with the inclusion of influence strategies and gender role ideology to the model. Results for wives found their marital satisfaction to be greater if they used less emotional and legitimate influence but more reward eferent and impression management influences. A similar model was attempted on husband's marital satisfaction with decision making satisfaction, influence strategies, and gender role traditionality. This model accounted for 8 percent of the variance. These findings suggest that a relationship exists between gender role traditionality and the use of different influence strategies for both husbands and wives. For wives, decision making satisfaction, the use of different influence strategies, and gender role ideology all had an effect on their marital satisfaction. Title: Influence strategies used during work and family decisions : their connection to decision and marital satisfaction Author: Leier, Elaine M. Changes in work and family roles as more women are entering the work force prompt a re-examination of how couples make work and family decisions. Research confirms that influence is an important component of the decision-making process. Because of the recent changes in women's paid work roles, women may now use more influence strategies than when they were not in the paid work force in such large numbers. From a family decision-making perspective, investigations of the different influence strategies used in making work and family decisions have not occurred in past research. The purpose of this study was to investigate how couples make work and family decisions, examining the impact of gender role traditionality and influence strategies used in decision making. In addition, the association between influence strategies with marital satisfaction was investigated. The sample of this study consisted of 61 couples who had made a work and family decision in the past 6 months. A mail questionnaire was developed assessing the husbands' and wives' use of different influence strategies from Spiro (1983), their gender role traditionality, their satisfaction of the outcome of the decision, and marital satisfaction. The first research question addressed gender role traditionality and influence strategies. Pearson's correlations indicate that traditional wives were more likely to use reward eferent influence than nontraditional wives and that traditional husbands were more likely to use legitimate influence than nontraditional husbands. Also, the connection between gender role traditionality, influence strategies, and decision making satisfaction was investigated. Using hierarchial regression, decision outcome satisfaction accounted for 24 percent of the variance in wives' marital satisfaction. Furthermore, prediction of wives' marital satisfaction was improved 16 percent with the inclusion of influence strategies and gender role ideology to the model. Results for wives found their marital satisfaction to be greater if they used less emotional and legitimate influence but more reward eferent and impression management influences. A similar model was attempted on husband's marital satisfaction with decision making satisfaction, influence strategies, and gender role traditionality. This model accounted for 8 percent of the variance. These findings suggest that a relationship exists between gender role traditionality and the use of different influence strategies for both husbands and wives. For wives, decision making satisfaction, the use of different influence strategies, and gender role ideology all had an effect on their marital satisfaction. Close

• 149. [Article] Gender Dimensions in Disaster Management : A Focus on Aquaculture and Fishing Communities in the Philippines

  Many nations that invest in aquaculture and fisheries for improved nutrition and food security are located in areas prone to natural disasters, such as typhoons. While all residents are vulnerable to the ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Gender Dimensions in Disaster Management : A Focus on Aquaculture and Fishing Communities in the Philippines Author: Chow, Morgan Many nations that invest in aquaculture and fisheries for improved nutrition and food security are located in areas prone to natural disasters, such as typhoons. While all residents are vulnerable to the effects of disasters, research suggests that women are disproportionately affected at all stages of disaster management: preparedness, response, and recovery. These inequities contribute to a diminished community capacity of resilience to future disasters. In 2010, the Philippines introduced disaster risk reduction and management (DRRM) legislation designed to improve DRRM coordination and effectiveness. In 2013 and 2014, the Philippines experienced two of the largest typhoons to ever hit land, affecting an archipelago of around 7,100 island communities dependent on coastal and marine natural resources. The second typhoon arrived while 28 semi-structured interviews were being conducted with respondents working in DRRM, fishing and aquaculture, and women's organizations in the Philippines, almost exactly one year after the previous typhoon. Data were collected to contextualize changes in gender integration in response to disasters. This research extends the 2009 Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) study that indicated a high level of awareness of the importance of gender integration for DRRM in the Philippines, by examining gender dimensions as the disaster management process unfolds. Results reveal that important steps are being taken to integrate gender at the DRRM programmatic level, yet gaps remain at the community level. Changes are due in part to a combination of improved policies and lessons learned from recent disaster events. Interviews across sectors and governing levels one year after devastating Typhoon Haiyan (Yolanda) and amidst Typhoon Hagupit (Ruby) offer insightful comparisons, and show that perceptions of gender differences vary significantly across social and political settings. These differing perspectives also reveal important information regarding some of the barriers to gender integration in DRRM such as evacuation protocols, recovery efforts, overall DRRM awareness, and political challenges. Additionally, respondents shared some successes in disaster management, offering a positive outlook for forthcoming improvements. Addressing these shortcomings and focusing attention on attainable outcomes can help foster more resilient communities in the Philippines and nations worldwide. Title: Gender Dimensions in Disaster Management : A Focus on Aquaculture and Fishing Communities in the Philippines Author: Chow, Morgan Many nations that invest in aquaculture and fisheries for improved nutrition and food security are located in areas prone to natural disasters, such as typhoons. While all residents are vulnerable to the effects of disasters, research suggests that women are disproportionately affected at all stages of disaster management: preparedness, response, and recovery. These inequities contribute to a diminished community capacity of resilience to future disasters. In 2010, the Philippines introduced disaster risk reduction and management (DRRM) legislation designed to improve DRRM coordination and effectiveness. In 2013 and 2014, the Philippines experienced two of the largest typhoons to ever hit land, affecting an archipelago of around 7,100 island communities dependent on coastal and marine natural resources. The second typhoon arrived while 28 semi-structured interviews were being conducted with respondents working in DRRM, fishing and aquaculture, and women's organizations in the Philippines, almost exactly one year after the previous typhoon. Data were collected to contextualize changes in gender integration in response to disasters. This research extends the 2009 Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) study that indicated a high level of awareness of the importance of gender integration for DRRM in the Philippines, by examining gender dimensions as the disaster management process unfolds. Results reveal that important steps are being taken to integrate gender at the DRRM programmatic level, yet gaps remain at the community level. Changes are due in part to a combination of improved policies and lessons learned from recent disaster events. Interviews across sectors and governing levels one year after devastating Typhoon Haiyan (Yolanda) and amidst Typhoon Hagupit (Ruby) offer insightful comparisons, and show that perceptions of gender differences vary significantly across social and political settings. These differing perspectives also reveal important information regarding some of the barriers to gender integration in DRRM such as evacuation protocols, recovery efforts, overall DRRM awareness, and political challenges. Additionally, respondents shared some successes in disaster management, offering a positive outlook for forthcoming improvements. Addressing these shortcomings and focusing attention on attainable outcomes can help foster more resilient communities in the Philippines and nations worldwide. Close

• 150. [Article] Gender, Networking, and Transnationalism: a Case Study from Dakar, Senegal

  Nongovernmental organizations have become important actors and contributors to global governance as states have been superseded as the primary representatives of constituents. Many of the current studies ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Gender, Networking, and Transnationalism: a Case Study from Dakar, Senegal Author: Akin, Sarah Year: 2016 Nongovernmental organizations have become important actors and contributors to global governance as states have been superseded as the primary representatives of constituents. Many of the current studies on NGOs tend to focus on their abilities as institutions without actually studying the processes that occur in the work. The current trend in the literature is moving beyond a generalization of NGO work that provides binary accounts of success and failure, good and bad toward ethnographic approaches that study the processes of NGOs in time and space. It is argued that development NGOs, particularly those that work on issues of gender and women’s rights, are part of what Keck and Sikkink call "transnational advocacy networks" where a set of values and meaning are shared among various actors working on a particular issue. However, these networks are clearly defined and do not include sporadic, non-organized actors working with shared values within and beyond borders. Through a participant observation and data collected through semi-structured interviews, I analyze how a local women’s organization in Senegal works with globally and transnationally defined values to engage in gender activism and community-based work. I argue that Réseau Siggil Jigeen relies on diverse strategies and networks within and beyond its borders to engage in a process of collaborative communication, or rather translation, of constructs of gender and women’s rights into diverse local contexts to enhance the position of women’s socially, legally, and economically. As a result, these organizations work alongside a variety of actors committed to shared values of gender equality and women’s rights, which I argue are indicative of discursive transnational networks. Title: Gender, Networking, and Transnationalism: a Case Study from Dakar, Senegal Author: Akin, Sarah Year: 2016 Nongovernmental organizations have become important actors and contributors to global governance as states have been superseded as the primary representatives of constituents. Many of the current studies on NGOs tend to focus on their abilities as institutions without actually studying the processes that occur in the work. The current trend in the literature is moving beyond a generalization of NGO work that provides binary accounts of success and failure, good and bad toward ethnographic approaches that study the processes of NGOs in time and space. It is argued that development NGOs, particularly those that work on issues of gender and women’s rights, are part of what Keck and Sikkink call "transnational advocacy networks" where a set of values and meaning are shared among various actors working on a particular issue. However, these networks are clearly defined and do not include sporadic, non-organized actors working with shared values within and beyond borders. Through a participant observation and data collected through semi-structured interviews, I analyze how a local women’s organization in Senegal works with globally and transnationally defined values to engage in gender activism and community-based work. I argue that Réseau Siggil Jigeen relies on diverse strategies and networks within and beyond its borders to engage in a process of collaborative communication, or rather translation, of constructs of gender and women’s rights into diverse local contexts to enhance the position of women’s socially, legally, and economically. As a result, these organizations work alongside a variety of actors committed to shared values of gender equality and women’s rights, which I argue are indicative of discursive transnational networks. Close

• 151. [Article] Sound Effects: Age, Gender, and Sound Symbolism in American English

  This mixed-method study investigated the correlation of sound symbolic associations with age and gender by analyzing data from a national survey of 292 American English speakers. Subjects used 10 semantic ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Sound Effects: Age, Gender, and Sound Symbolism in American English Author: Krause, Timothy Allen Year: 2015 This mixed-method study investigated the correlation of sound symbolic associations with age and gender by analyzing data from a national survey of 292 American English speakers. Subjects used 10 semantic differential scales to rate six artificial brand names that targeted five phonemes. Subjects also described the potential products they imagined these artificial brand names to represent. Quantitative analysis alone provided insufficient evidence to conclude that age or gender affect sound symbolism in American English. While 26 out of 60 scales showed a monotonic shift among the means of the three age groups, only three were statistically significant. The evidence of differences between genders was similarly weak; only five scales out of 60 showed a statistically significant difference when comparing genders. Analysis of the qualitative data, however, suggested both monotonic generational shifts as well as generational blips in sound-symbolic associations. Of particular interest is the possible influence of pop culture, fashions, and fads, and society's shifting focus from broadcast to narrowcast media. The implications of this research are relevant for both theory (empirical evidence for iconicity in language) and application (e.g., devising brand names that communicate particular attributes to specific demographics). Title: Sound Effects: Age, Gender, and Sound Symbolism in American English Author: Krause, Timothy Allen Year: 2015 This mixed-method study investigated the correlation of sound symbolic associations with age and gender by analyzing data from a national survey of 292 American English speakers. Subjects used 10 semantic differential scales to rate six artificial brand names that targeted five phonemes. Subjects also described the potential products they imagined these artificial brand names to represent. Quantitative analysis alone provided insufficient evidence to conclude that age or gender affect sound symbolism in American English. While 26 out of 60 scales showed a monotonic shift among the means of the three age groups, only three were statistically significant. The evidence of differences between genders was similarly weak; only five scales out of 60 showed a statistically significant difference when comparing genders. Analysis of the qualitative data, however, suggested both monotonic generational shifts as well as generational blips in sound-symbolic associations. Of particular interest is the possible influence of pop culture, fashions, and fads, and society's shifting focus from broadcast to narrowcast media. The implications of this research are relevant for both theory (empirical evidence for iconicity in language) and application (e.g., devising brand names that communicate particular attributes to specific demographics). Close

• 152. [Article] Couples Therapy: Gender and Sexuality in The Sun Also Rises

  "Isn't it pretty to think so?" The ambiguity of this question, posed by Jake Barnes in the last line of The Sun Also Rises, is a reflection of the novel's evolving definition of what constitutes a relationship. ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Couples Therapy: Gender and Sexuality in The Sun Also Rises Author: Montie, Jacob Michael Year: 2011 "Isn't it pretty to think so?" The ambiguity of this question, posed by Jake Barnes in the last line of The Sun Also Rises, is a reflection of the novel's evolving definition of what constitutes a relationship. As the focus of Hemingway criticism has slowly broken from tired discussions of misogyny a space has opened for considering the complex ways his writings address questions of gendered identity. Through this lens critics have asked exactly what kind of man and women Jake Barnes and Lady Brett Ashley represent. For decades critics and scholars have viewed this final line as having a negative connotation, signifying the death of love not only in the novel, but in the era. However, this reading fails to take into account the evolving gender roles the Brett and Jake represent. My essay looks at the novel's protagonists not simply as Brett or Jake, but also as Brett and Jake. Through this lens it becomes clear that Hemingway's portrayal of these characters is not one of the "bitch-goddess" and a defeated male, but of two people who, through their rapidly evolving gender roles and sexuality, are uniquely suited to be side by side when the rubble of the fiesta comes crashing down around them, not merely as friends, but as the only relationship that can truly exist. Title: Couples Therapy: Gender and Sexuality in The Sun Also Rises Author: Montie, Jacob Michael Year: 2011 "Isn't it pretty to think so?" The ambiguity of this question, posed by Jake Barnes in the last line of The Sun Also Rises, is a reflection of the novel's evolving definition of what constitutes a relationship. As the focus of Hemingway criticism has slowly broken from tired discussions of misogyny a space has opened for considering the complex ways his writings address questions of gendered identity. Through this lens critics have asked exactly what kind of man and women Jake Barnes and Lady Brett Ashley represent. For decades critics and scholars have viewed this final line as having a negative connotation, signifying the death of love not only in the novel, but in the era. However, this reading fails to take into account the evolving gender roles the Brett and Jake represent. My essay looks at the novel's protagonists not simply as Brett or Jake, but also as Brett and Jake. Through this lens it becomes clear that Hemingway's portrayal of these characters is not one of the "bitch-goddess" and a defeated male, but of two people who, through their rapidly evolving gender roles and sexuality, are uniquely suited to be side by side when the rubble of the fiesta comes crashing down around them, not merely as friends, but as the only relationship that can truly exist. Close

• 153. [Article] The Distribution of Talker Variability Impacts Infants’ Word Learning

  Infants struggle to apply earlier-demonstrated sound-discrimination abilities to later word learning, attending to non-constrastive acoustic dimensions (e.g., Hay et al., 2015), and not always to contrastive ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Distribution of Talker Variability Impacts Infants’ Word Learning Author: Quam, Carolyn, Knight, Sara, Gerken, LouAnne Year: 2017 Infants struggle to apply earlier-demonstrated sound-discrimination abilities to later word learning, attending to non-constrastive acoustic dimensions (e.g., Hay et al., 2015), and not always to contrastive dimensions (e.g., Stager & Werker, 1997). One hint about the nature of infants’ difficulties comes from the observation that input from multiple talkers can improve word learning (Rost & McMurray, 2009). This may be because, when a single talker says both of the to-be-learned words, consistent talker’s-voice characteristics make the acoustics of the two words more overlapping (Apfelbaum & McMurray, 2011). Here, we test that notion. We taught 14-month-old infants two similar-sounding words in the Switch habituation paradigm. The same amount of overall talker variability was present as in prior multiple-talker experiments, but male and female talkers said different words, creating a gender-word correlation. Under an acoustic-similarity account, correlated talker gender should help to separate words acoustically and facilitate learning. Instead, we found that correlated talker gender impaired learning of word-object pairings compared with uncorrelated talker gender—even when gender-word pairings were always maintained in test—casting doubt on one account of the beneficial effects of talker variability. We discuss several alternate potential explanations for this effect. Title: The Distribution of Talker Variability Impacts Infants’ Word Learning Author: Quam, Carolyn, Knight, Sara, Gerken, LouAnne Year: 2017 Infants struggle to apply earlier-demonstrated sound-discrimination abilities to later word learning, attending to non-constrastive acoustic dimensions (e.g., Hay et al., 2015), and not always to contrastive dimensions (e.g., Stager & Werker, 1997). One hint about the nature of infants’ difficulties comes from the observation that input from multiple talkers can improve word learning (Rost & McMurray, 2009). This may be because, when a single talker says both of the to-be-learned words, consistent talker’s-voice characteristics make the acoustics of the two words more overlapping (Apfelbaum & McMurray, 2011). Here, we test that notion. We taught 14-month-old infants two similar-sounding words in the Switch habituation paradigm. The same amount of overall talker variability was present as in prior multiple-talker experiments, but male and female talkers said different words, creating a gender-word correlation. Under an acoustic-similarity account, correlated talker gender should help to separate words acoustically and facilitate learning. Instead, we found that correlated talker gender impaired learning of word-object pairings compared with uncorrelated talker gender—even when gender-word pairings were always maintained in test—casting doubt on one account of the beneficial effects of talker variability. We discuss several alternate potential explanations for this effect. Close

• 154. [Article] Empowering the Voice of the Female Student: A Gender Inclusive Approach to the High School Language Arts Curriculum

  In American schools, young women are routinely provided with examples of strong male characters and authors in the high school English classroom. Written curriculum (such as the syllabus, reading list, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Empowering the Voice of the Female Student: A Gender Inclusive Approach to the High School Language Arts Curriculum Author: Bonnet, Brittany Year: 2015 In American schools, young women are routinely provided with examples of strong male characters and authors in the high school English classroom. Written curriculum (such as the syllabus, reading list, and grading practices) continues to contribute to the erasure of the female student. Furthermore, hidden curriculum (lessons that are taught “unintentionally” such as norms or values), such as a teacher’s use of gendered language, or time spent with students of different genders, reflects this same problem as teachers unintentionally disempower the female voice in the classroom. The result is female students who are less confident in the classroom and the workplace later in life. To combat this issue, I present an alternative to the traditional English curriculum that is more gender inclusive and empowering. The syllabus will include not only suggestions for literature, but also ideas for leading class discussion, workshops, and assignments that serve to empower the young female student and empower male students with the skills necessary to combat continued gender issues. Should this class be taught, students would finish with a strong understanding of literature, vocabulary, and writing. However, students would also leave the class with a better knowledge of the complex topic of women's rights. Female students would have developed a more confident approach to learning, and a more empowered discourse. Title: Empowering the Voice of the Female Student: A Gender Inclusive Approach to the High School Language Arts Curriculum Author: Bonnet, Brittany Year: 2015 In American schools, young women are routinely provided with examples of strong male characters and authors in the high school English classroom. Written curriculum (such as the syllabus, reading list, and grading practices) continues to contribute to the erasure of the female student. Furthermore, hidden curriculum (lessons that are taught “unintentionally” such as norms or values), such as a teacher’s use of gendered language, or time spent with students of different genders, reflects this same problem as teachers unintentionally disempower the female voice in the classroom. The result is female students who are less confident in the classroom and the workplace later in life. To combat this issue, I present an alternative to the traditional English curriculum that is more gender inclusive and empowering. The syllabus will include not only suggestions for literature, but also ideas for leading class discussion, workshops, and assignments that serve to empower the young female student and empower male students with the skills necessary to combat continued gender issues. Should this class be taught, students would finish with a strong understanding of literature, vocabulary, and writing. However, students would also leave the class with a better knowledge of the complex topic of women's rights. Female students would have developed a more confident approach to learning, and a more empowered discourse. Close

• 155. [Article] Understanding Women in Prison: a Review of Gender Specific Needs and Risk Assessments and their Policy and Research Implications

  In the last 30 years, the number of women in the criminal justice system has risen significantly, yet the criminal justice system still bases much of its policy on empirical research conducted on a majority ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Understanding Women in Prison: a Review of Gender Specific Needs and Risk Assessments and their Policy and Research Implications Author: Barlow, Elise Year: 2014 In the last 30 years, the number of women in the criminal justice system has risen significantly, yet the criminal justice system still bases much of its policy on empirical research conducted on a majority male subjects. Risk and need assessments, generally used to categorize inmates into varying risk levels to lower recidivism, have been faulted by many feminist scholars for having little pertinence for women. Their lack of gender sensitive factors has left many scholars questioning their validity. Available correctional programs are based on the knowledge collected by those who are supportive of these "gender neutral" assessments. Because of this, female offenders are not receiving rehabilitation that is relevant to the context of their lives. This paper examines the context of female offenders using theoretical frameworks on criminality and gender, the current understanding of gender specific needs, and the application of Risk and need assessments, specifically the LSI-R (Levels of Service Inventory-Revised). Although there is some overlap between the factors that predict recidivism of men and women, the lack of data specifically to women has resulted in a shortfall of resources for women. This paper concludes with suggestions for further research into the risk levels and assessments and changing correctional policy in order to distribute resources to better serve the needs of women. Title: Understanding Women in Prison: a Review of Gender Specific Needs and Risk Assessments and their Policy and Research Implications Author: Barlow, Elise Year: 2014 In the last 30 years, the number of women in the criminal justice system has risen significantly, yet the criminal justice system still bases much of its policy on empirical research conducted on a majority male subjects. Risk and need assessments, generally used to categorize inmates into varying risk levels to lower recidivism, have been faulted by many feminist scholars for having little pertinence for women. Their lack of gender sensitive factors has left many scholars questioning their validity. Available correctional programs are based on the knowledge collected by those who are supportive of these "gender neutral" assessments. Because of this, female offenders are not receiving rehabilitation that is relevant to the context of their lives. This paper examines the context of female offenders using theoretical frameworks on criminality and gender, the current understanding of gender specific needs, and the application of Risk and need assessments, specifically the LSI-R (Levels of Service Inventory-Revised). Although there is some overlap between the factors that predict recidivism of men and women, the lack of data specifically to women has resulted in a shortfall of resources for women. This paper concludes with suggestions for further research into the risk levels and assessments and changing correctional policy in order to distribute resources to better serve the needs of women. Close

• 156. [Article] A Community Engaged Approach to Address Intimate Partner Violence among Sexual Minority Women

  In response to a dearth of empirical literature concerning the mechanisms underlying female same-sex intimate partner violence (FSSIPV) perpetration, the purpose of this research is to inform intimate ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: A Community Engaged Approach to Address Intimate Partner Violence among Sexual Minority Women Author: Smith, Rachel Marie Year: 2016 In response to a dearth of empirical literature concerning the mechanisms underlying female same-sex intimate partner violence (FSSIPV) perpetration, the purpose of this research is to inform intimate partner violence intervention and prevention strategies specific to sexual minority women. The research responds in particular, this research aims to inform a working intersectional model predicting FSSIPV perpetration, and to evaluate the face validity and construct coverage of existing survey measures related to gender, minority stress, and violence. Fourteen lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer women recruited from the greater Portland, Oregon area participated in a series of in-depth, semi-structured, open-ended one-on-one and focus group interviews. Participant recruitment involved a combination of purposive and convenience sampling methods aided by the involvement of multiple community partners working in violence and education related fields. Interview and focus group questions addressed participants' experiences with gender role stress and minority stress. Grounded theory analysis of participants' narrative responses informed the coverage and relevance of constructs in a working intersectional model predicting women's use of violence in their same-gender intimate relationships. In particular, findings indicate that sexual minority women's experiences of gender role stress and minority stress, particularly in combination, were especially influential on their identities. Sexual minority women's experiences with minority stressors were not confined to minority stressors specific to their gender identities and sexual orientations, but intersected with minority stressors related to race and class as well. These findings support an intersectional and contextually-minded approach to IPV intervention and prevention strategies. Title: A Community Engaged Approach to Address Intimate Partner Violence among Sexual Minority Women Author: Smith, Rachel Marie Year: 2016 In response to a dearth of empirical literature concerning the mechanisms underlying female same-sex intimate partner violence (FSSIPV) perpetration, the purpose of this research is to inform intimate partner violence intervention and prevention strategies specific to sexual minority women. The research responds in particular, this research aims to inform a working intersectional model predicting FSSIPV perpetration, and to evaluate the face validity and construct coverage of existing survey measures related to gender, minority stress, and violence. Fourteen lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer women recruited from the greater Portland, Oregon area participated in a series of in-depth, semi-structured, open-ended one-on-one and focus group interviews. Participant recruitment involved a combination of purposive and convenience sampling methods aided by the involvement of multiple community partners working in violence and education related fields. Interview and focus group questions addressed participants' experiences with gender role stress and minority stress. Grounded theory analysis of participants' narrative responses informed the coverage and relevance of constructs in a working intersectional model predicting women's use of violence in their same-gender intimate relationships. In particular, findings indicate that sexual minority women's experiences of gender role stress and minority stress, particularly in combination, were especially influential on their identities. Sexual minority women's experiences with minority stressors were not confined to minority stressors specific to their gender identities and sexual orientations, but intersected with minority stressors related to race and class as well. These findings support an intersectional and contextually-minded approach to IPV intervention and prevention strategies. Close

• 157. [Article] Class Identity and the International Division of Labor: Sri Lanka's Migrant Housemaids

  In 1996, 408,000 Sri Lankan women, nearly 10% of the country’s working-age women, worked abroad, many of them in the oil producing countries of the Persian Gulf. In this paper I compare the influence of ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Class Identity and the International Division of Labor: Sri Lanka's Migrant Housemaids Author: Gamburd, Michele Ruth Year: 1998 In 1996, 408,000 Sri Lankan women, nearly 10% of the country’s working-age women, worked abroad, many of them in the oil producing countries of the Persian Gulf. In this paper I compare the influence of international migration on local hierarchies of class and gender in two villages in southern Sri Lanka: a Sinhala-speaking Buddhist village where I did my doctoral dissertation research in 1992-4, and a Tamil-speaking Muslim village where I spent some time during the summer of 1997. I discuss the challenges of using ‘class’ as a unit of analysis in a non-Western setting where gender identities, family ties, caste solidarity, religious allegiance, and ethnic affiliation also shape economic relations. Bringing female domestic servants into the global economy revolutionizes local understandings of both class and gender. Although it receives recognition as ‘work’, housework and childcare remain ‘women’s work’, and women’s internationally accepted gender status as unskilled, ‘supplemental’ family wage earners justifies meager salaries for housemaids. High Sri Lankan demand for scarce jobs in West Asia drives wages down and agency fees up, keeping housemaids ‘working class’ in the global economy. Isolated in the homes of their individual employers, migrant housemaids nevertheless are evolving a nascent class consciousness through their struggles with local Sri Lankan middlepeople and through retold stories of conflicts with abusive employers. Religious and ethnic differences between the Sinhala and Muslim villages affect the extent of class solidarity. The paper investigates how patterns social stratification, such as religious and ethnic practices, caste statuses, and gender roles affect the emergence of class identity in two villages in Sri Lanka. Title: Class Identity and the International Division of Labor: Sri Lanka's Migrant Housemaids Author: Gamburd, Michele Ruth Year: 1998 In 1996, 408,000 Sri Lankan women, nearly 10% of the country’s working-age women, worked abroad, many of them in the oil producing countries of the Persian Gulf. In this paper I compare the influence of international migration on local hierarchies of class and gender in two villages in southern Sri Lanka: a Sinhala-speaking Buddhist village where I did my doctoral dissertation research in 1992-4, and a Tamil-speaking Muslim village where I spent some time during the summer of 1997. I discuss the challenges of using ‘class’ as a unit of analysis in a non-Western setting where gender identities, family ties, caste solidarity, religious allegiance, and ethnic affiliation also shape economic relations. Bringing female domestic servants into the global economy revolutionizes local understandings of both class and gender. Although it receives recognition as ‘work’, housework and childcare remain ‘women’s work’, and women’s internationally accepted gender status as unskilled, ‘supplemental’ family wage earners justifies meager salaries for housemaids. High Sri Lankan demand for scarce jobs in West Asia drives wages down and agency fees up, keeping housemaids ‘working class’ in the global economy. Isolated in the homes of their individual employers, migrant housemaids nevertheless are evolving a nascent class consciousness through their struggles with local Sri Lankan middlepeople and through retold stories of conflicts with abusive employers. Religious and ethnic differences between the Sinhala and Muslim villages affect the extent of class solidarity. The paper investigates how patterns social stratification, such as religious and ethnic practices, caste statuses, and gender roles affect the emergence of class identity in two villages in Sri Lanka. Close

• 158. [Article] Sound Effects: Age, Gender, and Sound Symbolism in American English

  This mixed-method study investigated the correlation of sound symbolic associations with age and gender by analyzing data from a national survey of 292 American English speakers. Subjects used 10 semantic ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Sound Effects: Age, Gender, and Sound Symbolism in American English Author: Krause, Timothy Year: 2015 This mixed-method study investigated the correlation of sound symbolic associations with age and gender by analyzing data from a national survey of 292 American English speakers. Subjects used 10 semantic differential scales to rate six artificial brand names that targeted five phonemes. Subjects also described the potential products they imagined these artificial brand names to represent. Quantitative analysis alone provided insufficient evidence to conclude that age or gender affect sound symbolism in American English. While 26 out of 60 scales showed a monotonic shift among the means of the three age groups, only three were statistically significant. The evidence of differences between genders was similarly weak; only five scales out of 60 showed a statistically significant difference when comparing genders. Analysis of the qualitative data, however, suggested both monotonic generational shifts as well as generational blips in sound-symbolic associations. Of particular interest is the possible influence of pop culture, fashions, and fads, and society's shifting focus from broadcast to narrowcast media. The implications of this research are relevant for both theory (empirical evidence for iconicity in language) and application (e.g., devising brand names that communicate particular attributes to specific demographics). Title: Sound Effects: Age, Gender, and Sound Symbolism in American English Author: Krause, Timothy Year: 2015 This mixed-method study investigated the correlation of sound symbolic associations with age and gender by analyzing data from a national survey of 292 American English speakers. Subjects used 10 semantic differential scales to rate six artificial brand names that targeted five phonemes. Subjects also described the potential products they imagined these artificial brand names to represent. Quantitative analysis alone provided insufficient evidence to conclude that age or gender affect sound symbolism in American English. While 26 out of 60 scales showed a monotonic shift among the means of the three age groups, only three were statistically significant. The evidence of differences between genders was similarly weak; only five scales out of 60 showed a statistically significant difference when comparing genders. Analysis of the qualitative data, however, suggested both monotonic generational shifts as well as generational blips in sound-symbolic associations. Of particular interest is the possible influence of pop culture, fashions, and fads, and society's shifting focus from broadcast to narrowcast media. The implications of this research are relevant for both theory (empirical evidence for iconicity in language) and application (e.g., devising brand names that communicate particular attributes to specific demographics). Close

• 159. [Article] Gender differences in end-user debugging strategies

  Little is known about the strategies end-user programmers use in debugging their programs, and even less is known about gender differences that may exist in these strategies. Without this type of information, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Gender differences in end-user debugging strategies Author: Cook, Curtis R., Drummond, Russell, Bucht, Karin, Subrahmaniyan, Neeraja, Grigoreanu, Valentina I., Wiedenbeck, Susan, Burnett, Margaret, 1947-, Beckwith, Laura A., Oregon State University. Dept. of Computer Science Little is known about the strategies end-user programmers use in debugging their programs, and even less is known about gender differences that may exist in these strategies. Without this type of information, end-user programming systems cannot know the "target" at which to aim, if they are to support male and female end-user programmers' debugging. In this paper, we present a study investigating this issue. We asked a group of end-user programmers to debug spreadsheets and to describe the strategies they used to carry out this task. Using quantitative and qualitative methods, we analyzed the strategies reported, considered whether the strategies could be confirmed by observations of participants' behaviors, and looked for relation-ships among participants' strategy choices, gender, and debugging success. Our results indicate that males and females debug in quite different ways, that there are considerable opportunities for improving support for end-user debugging strategies for both genders, and that the types of features commonly found to aid debugging may be especially deficient in supporting strategies the females prefer to use in debugging. Title: Gender differences in end-user debugging strategies Author: Cook, Curtis R., Drummond, Russell, Bucht, Karin, Subrahmaniyan, Neeraja, Grigoreanu, Valentina I., Wiedenbeck, Susan, Burnett, Margaret, 1947-, Beckwith, Laura A., Oregon State University. Dept. of Computer Science Little is known about the strategies end-user programmers use in debugging their programs, and even less is known about gender differences that may exist in these strategies. Without this type of information, end-user programming systems cannot know the "target" at which to aim, if they are to support male and female end-user programmers' debugging. In this paper, we present a study investigating this issue. We asked a group of end-user programmers to debug spreadsheets and to describe the strategies they used to carry out this task. Using quantitative and qualitative methods, we analyzed the strategies reported, considered whether the strategies could be confirmed by observations of participants' behaviors, and looked for relation-ships among participants' strategy choices, gender, and debugging success. Our results indicate that males and females debug in quite different ways, that there are considerable opportunities for improving support for end-user debugging strategies for both genders, and that the types of features commonly found to aid debugging may be especially deficient in supporting strategies the females prefer to use in debugging. Close

• 160. [Article] “To make you see”: Narrating identity, gender, and empire in The Good Soldier and Heart of Darkness

  In Heart of Darkness and The Good Soldier, Joseph Conrad and Ford Madox Ford employ the narrative subjectivity inherent in their Impressionist technique to provide insight into the often-irrational processes ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: “To make you see”: Narrating identity, gender, and empire in The Good Soldier and Heart of Darkness Author: Jones, Molly M. In Heart of Darkness and The Good Soldier, Joseph Conrad and Ford Madox Ford employ the narrative subjectivity inherent in their Impressionist technique to provide insight into the often-irrational processes through which political and individual identities are constructed through narrative. Contrary to traditional readings of Impressionism as a strictly aesthetic and politically neutral technique, I contend that Ford and Conrad developed their artistic method for highly political purposes. Both Ford and Conrad criticized the colonial mission and recognized that Victorian imperial ideology is instilled in the public through language, not only in individual interactions but also in the widely-circulated propaganda of the press and popular literature of the time. The two novelists respond to this dogma with an artistic technique that resists such simplistic moralizing and instead aims to honestly depict the processes by which imperfect and subjective individuals negotiate identity in the context of culture. Of such processes, this paper focuses most specifically on the act of gendering, for the performance of gender is an aspect of selfhood in which the intersection of national and individual identity is especially visible. Indeed, the concept of gender in this age was highly political. The formation of a national imperial identity rested on a construct of masculinity in which male community develops through exploration and conquest, and the ideal man’s dominance manifests itself not only in his possession of women and territory, but also in the self-possession acquired through his control of language. This paper explores the means through which Ford and Conrad interrogate the construct of imperial masculinity in their portrayal of a subjective narrator’s appropriation of traditional Victorian narrative conventions and ideology as he negotiates his identity. Through the narrators’ flawed, illogical, yet often oddly persuasive assessments, Ford and Conrad not only provide insight into the processes of delusion, rationalization, and distortion through which all individuals make sense of their surroundings, they also criticize the seduction of language and the imperial ideology of which Marlow and Dowell are products. . Despite their apparent reflectiveness, the narrators’ loyalty to eloquent, masculine figures proves their conformity and thus their complicity in the cruelty and horror that their idols’ rhetoric masks. Title: “To make you see”: Narrating identity, gender, and empire in The Good Soldier and Heart of Darkness Author: Jones, Molly M. In Heart of Darkness and The Good Soldier, Joseph Conrad and Ford Madox Ford employ the narrative subjectivity inherent in their Impressionist technique to provide insight into the often-irrational processes through which political and individual identities are constructed through narrative. Contrary to traditional readings of Impressionism as a strictly aesthetic and politically neutral technique, I contend that Ford and Conrad developed their artistic method for highly political purposes. Both Ford and Conrad criticized the colonial mission and recognized that Victorian imperial ideology is instilled in the public through language, not only in individual interactions but also in the widely-circulated propaganda of the press and popular literature of the time. The two novelists respond to this dogma with an artistic technique that resists such simplistic moralizing and instead aims to honestly depict the processes by which imperfect and subjective individuals negotiate identity in the context of culture. Of such processes, this paper focuses most specifically on the act of gendering, for the performance of gender is an aspect of selfhood in which the intersection of national and individual identity is especially visible. Indeed, the concept of gender in this age was highly political. The formation of a national imperial identity rested on a construct of masculinity in which male community develops through exploration and conquest, and the ideal man’s dominance manifests itself not only in his possession of women and territory, but also in the self-possession acquired through his control of language. This paper explores the means through which Ford and Conrad interrogate the construct of imperial masculinity in their portrayal of a subjective narrator’s appropriation of traditional Victorian narrative conventions and ideology as he negotiates his identity. Through the narrators’ flawed, illogical, yet often oddly persuasive assessments, Ford and Conrad not only provide insight into the processes of delusion, rationalization, and distortion through which all individuals make sense of their surroundings, they also criticize the seduction of language and the imperial ideology of which Marlow and Dowell are products. . Despite their apparent reflectiveness, the narrators’ loyalty to eloquent, masculine figures proves their conformity and thus their complicity in the cruelty and horror that their idols’ rhetoric masks. Close

• 161. [Article] Of stereotypes and strategies : emic perspectives of shopping in a television servicescape

  Culturally based stereotypes are a pervasive force behind quick judgments about behavior, intent, and beliefs which allow individuals to interact efficiently to meet their own goals. Gender stereotypes ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Of stereotypes and strategies : emic perspectives of shopping in a television servicescape Author: Harris, Mackenzie Moore Culturally based stereotypes are a pervasive force behind quick judgments about behavior, intent, and beliefs which allow individuals to interact efficiently to meet their own goals. Gender stereotypes are present in marketing media and servicescapes, where they define the behavior, needs, and wants of shoppers. The literature on consumer behavior and marketing does not adequately deal with the pervasiveness of gender stereotypes. Previous research focuses attention on men's behavior in women's traditional shopping environments. In my research I examined variations in women's and men's behaviors to test assumptions about traditional hunter-gatherer roles that appear in consumer literature. I explored stereotypes associated with television servicescapes using in-depth interviews with ten customers and eight salespeople, a survey often shoppers, and description of eight messages advertising televisions. I then used thematic analysis to identify patterns across participants and messages. Customers, salespeople, and marketers rely on outdated stereotypes of each other to make sense the shopping-sales experience. Stereotypes are evident Redacted for Privacy in overtly gendered marketing material which turns a blind eye to a possible market niche for women. They are also manifested in potentially alienating experiences on the sales floor where customers and salespeople interact in what Goffman (1969:100) calls "strategic interactions". Power and control are an issue on the sales floor as customers attempt to make autonomous decisions, and salespeople attempt to offer information and support. Salespeople believe they are "buddies" for customers and lump customers into categories based on gender and age. Customers believe that salespeople will be either "helpful" or "pushy" with the latter trying to sell you something you do not need or want. By altering the behaviors and attitudes that communicate the pushy stereotype to customers, salespeople can begin to reduce the struggle for power and control. Outdated stereotypes of hunters and gathers and gendered products will not meet the needs of a changing population. Emic perspectives of the servicescape highlight avenues for improvement that are generated by the people who experience frustration and alienation during the shopping experience. Title: Of stereotypes and strategies : emic perspectives of shopping in a television servicescape Author: Harris, Mackenzie Moore Culturally based stereotypes are a pervasive force behind quick judgments about behavior, intent, and beliefs which allow individuals to interact efficiently to meet their own goals. Gender stereotypes are present in marketing media and servicescapes, where they define the behavior, needs, and wants of shoppers. The literature on consumer behavior and marketing does not adequately deal with the pervasiveness of gender stereotypes. Previous research focuses attention on men's behavior in women's traditional shopping environments. In my research I examined variations in women's and men's behaviors to test assumptions about traditional hunter-gatherer roles that appear in consumer literature. I explored stereotypes associated with television servicescapes using in-depth interviews with ten customers and eight salespeople, a survey often shoppers, and description of eight messages advertising televisions. I then used thematic analysis to identify patterns across participants and messages. Customers, salespeople, and marketers rely on outdated stereotypes of each other to make sense the shopping-sales experience. Stereotypes are evident Redacted for Privacy in overtly gendered marketing material which turns a blind eye to a possible market niche for women. They are also manifested in potentially alienating experiences on the sales floor where customers and salespeople interact in what Goffman (1969:100) calls "strategic interactions". Power and control are an issue on the sales floor as customers attempt to make autonomous decisions, and salespeople attempt to offer information and support. Salespeople believe they are "buddies" for customers and lump customers into categories based on gender and age. Customers believe that salespeople will be either "helpful" or "pushy" with the latter trying to sell you something you do not need or want. By altering the behaviors and attitudes that communicate the pushy stereotype to customers, salespeople can begin to reduce the struggle for power and control. Outdated stereotypes of hunters and gathers and gendered products will not meet the needs of a changing population. Emic perspectives of the servicescape highlight avenues for improvement that are generated by the people who experience frustration and alienation during the shopping experience. Close

• 162. [Article] Gender-Dependent Mechanisms of Alpha-Tocopherol Protection from Benzo[a]pyrene Exposure in Rats

  Thesis poster fair presentation.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Gender-Dependent Mechanisms of Alpha-Tocopherol Protection from Benzo[a]pyrene Exposure in Rats Author: Crimp, Caitlin A., Mustacich, Debbie J. Thesis poster fair presentation. Title: Gender-Dependent Mechanisms of Alpha-Tocopherol Protection from Benzo[a]pyrene Exposure in Rats Author: Crimp, Caitlin A., Mustacich, Debbie J. Thesis poster fair presentation. Close

• 163. [Article] Children's financial management competence : a gender specific socialization process

  This study was conducted to determine, first, if there are gender differences in children's financial management competencies; second, to ascertain relevant parental financial behavior that may affect ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Children's financial management competence : a gender specific socialization process Author: Gatherum, Antone James This study was conducted to determine, first, if there are gender differences in children's financial management competencies; second, to ascertain relevant parental financial behavior that may affect the child's financial management socialization; and third, to test the validity of a proposed model. This model, based on research of existing literature, provides a theoretical model for predicting the influence specific variables have on a child's money management competence. The sample consisted of eighty-six families, each of which was required to have at least one child in the fourth grade, have two or more children, and have both biological parents living in the home. Results of the study suggested that there was not a gender-based difference in the children's money-management competence, nor in the child's money management knowledge, nor in the parents' perception of the boys' and girls' savings behavior. However, a gender difference existed in the parents' perception of the child's spending behavior. Additionally, parents were found to employ a division of labor with respect to money management tasks based on gender. The data indicated that mothers tended to perform short-term money management tasks while fathers tended to perform long-term money management tasks. Further findings revealed significant positive relationships between the child's income and the parents' money management socializing effort, the child's income and his/her financial competence, and between the mother's performance of long-term money-management tasks and the child's financial competence. Additionally, a significant inverse relationship was found to exist between the family's stage in life and the parents' money management socializing effort. Clearly money management plays a pivotal role in the quality of life and thus the need to identify and understand the mechanisms by which personal money management can be improved is of great concern. The results of this study can aid in the development of programs that will not only supplement, but facilitate the family's effort to produce children who are competent money managers. Title: Children's financial management competence : a gender specific socialization process Author: Gatherum, Antone James This study was conducted to determine, first, if there are gender differences in children's financial management competencies; second, to ascertain relevant parental financial behavior that may affect the child's financial management socialization; and third, to test the validity of a proposed model. This model, based on research of existing literature, provides a theoretical model for predicting the influence specific variables have on a child's money management competence. The sample consisted of eighty-six families, each of which was required to have at least one child in the fourth grade, have two or more children, and have both biological parents living in the home. Results of the study suggested that there was not a gender-based difference in the children's money-management competence, nor in the child's money management knowledge, nor in the parents' perception of the boys' and girls' savings behavior. However, a gender difference existed in the parents' perception of the child's spending behavior. Additionally, parents were found to employ a division of labor with respect to money management tasks based on gender. The data indicated that mothers tended to perform short-term money management tasks while fathers tended to perform long-term money management tasks. Further findings revealed significant positive relationships between the child's income and the parents' money management socializing effort, the child's income and his/her financial competence, and between the mother's performance of long-term money-management tasks and the child's financial competence. Additionally, a significant inverse relationship was found to exist between the family's stage in life and the parents' money management socializing effort. Clearly money management plays a pivotal role in the quality of life and thus the need to identify and understand the mechanisms by which personal money management can be improved is of great concern. The results of this study can aid in the development of programs that will not only supplement, but facilitate the family's effort to produce children who are competent money managers. Close

• 164. [Article] Gender Differences in Behavioral Regulation in Four Societies: The U.S., Taiwan, South Korea, and China

  This is the author's peer-reviewed final manuscript. The version of record is copyrighted by Elsevier and can be found here: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/early-childhood-research-quarterly/

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Gender Differences in Behavioral Regulation in Four Societies: The U.S., Taiwan, South Korea, and China Author: Shannon B. Wanless, Seung-Hee Son, Megan M. McClelland, Miyoung Sung, Fu-Mei Chen, Xuezhao Lan, Jo-Lin Chen, Kangyi Lee, Claire E. Cameron, Su Li, Frederick J. Morrison This is the author's peer-reviewed final manuscript. The version of record is copyrighted by Elsevier and can be found here: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/early-childhood-research-quarterly/ Title: Gender Differences in Behavioral Regulation in Four Societies: The U.S., Taiwan, South Korea, and China Author: Shannon B. Wanless, Seung-Hee Son, Megan M. McClelland, Miyoung Sung, Fu-Mei Chen, Xuezhao Lan, Jo-Lin Chen, Kangyi Lee, Claire E. Cameron, Su Li, Frederick J. Morrison This is the author's peer-reviewed final manuscript. The version of record is copyrighted by Elsevier and can be found here: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/early-childhood-research-quarterly/ Close

• 165. [Article] Gender and the hygiene hypothesis

  This is an author's peer-reviewed final manuscript, as accepted by the publisher. The published article is copyrighted by Elsevier and can be found at: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0277...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Gender and the hygiene hypothesis Author: Clough, Sharyn This is an author's peer-reviewed final manuscript, as accepted by the publisher. The published article is copyrighted by Elsevier and can be found at: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/02779536. Title: Gender and the hygiene hypothesis Author: Clough, Sharyn This is an author's peer-reviewed final manuscript, as accepted by the publisher. The published article is copyrighted by Elsevier and can be found at: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/02779536. Close

• 166. [Article] A comparative study of the effectiveness of residence hall student government and selected perceptions and characteristics of resident hall student staff members and student government officers

  This study was concerned with determining if: (1) the effectiveness of residence hall student government varies according to the perceptions of its role held by residence hall student staff and government ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: A comparative study of the effectiveness of residence hall student government and selected perceptions and characteristics of resident hall student staff members and student government officers Author: Bachman, William C. This study was concerned with determining if: (1) the effectiveness of residence hall student government varies according to the perceptions of its role held by residence hall student staff and government officers, and the hall type and population; (2) the perception of hall student government held by student staff varies according to their age, time in position and gender; and (3) the perception of hall student government by student officers varies according to their age, time in office and gender. The survey population included 48 residence hall directors, 209 student staff and 281 student officers from northwestern land grant universities. Hall directors were surveyed to determine perceived effectiveness of their hall's student government, and the resident population. Student staff and officer perceptions of the role of hall student government were obtained by utilizing the government section of the Residence Hall Attitude Scale (Murphy 1971). Age, gender, time in position or office and type of hall were also provided by the students. Multiple regression analysis was used to test three hypotheses at a .05 level of significance. Of the hypothesized relationships, only gender was found to be significantly related to the variance in perceptions of role of hall student government. In the case of both student staff and officers, women were more favorable toward residence hail student government than men. The combined independent variables of age, gender and time in position or office were found, however, to account for only small percentages (4.4%, staff; 7.8%, officers) of the total variance. The regression equation for effectiveness of hall student government failed to account for significant variance due to any of the independent variables of student staff and officer perceptions, type or population of hall. All variables combined accounted for only 7.7% of the variance in perception. The results of this research suggest that hypothesized relationships between various demographic factors and perceptions, and effectiveness of residence hall student government do not exist. This indicates that some other variables must be used to attempt prediction of either effectiveness or role perceptions of hall student government. Title: A comparative study of the effectiveness of residence hall student government and selected perceptions and characteristics of resident hall student staff members and student government officers Author: Bachman, William C. This study was concerned with determining if: (1) the effectiveness of residence hall student government varies according to the perceptions of its role held by residence hall student staff and government officers, and the hall type and population; (2) the perception of hall student government held by student staff varies according to their age, time in position and gender; and (3) the perception of hall student government by student officers varies according to their age, time in office and gender. The survey population included 48 residence hall directors, 209 student staff and 281 student officers from northwestern land grant universities. Hall directors were surveyed to determine perceived effectiveness of their hall's student government, and the resident population. Student staff and officer perceptions of the role of hall student government were obtained by utilizing the government section of the Residence Hall Attitude Scale (Murphy 1971). Age, gender, time in position or office and type of hall were also provided by the students. Multiple regression analysis was used to test three hypotheses at a .05 level of significance. Of the hypothesized relationships, only gender was found to be significantly related to the variance in perceptions of role of hall student government. In the case of both student staff and officers, women were more favorable toward residence hail student government than men. The combined independent variables of age, gender and time in position or office were found, however, to account for only small percentages (4.4%, staff; 7.8%, officers) of the total variance. The regression equation for effectiveness of hall student government failed to account for significant variance due to any of the independent variables of student staff and officer perceptions, type or population of hall. All variables combined accounted for only 7.7% of the variance in perception. The results of this research suggest that hypothesized relationships between various demographic factors and perceptions, and effectiveness of residence hall student government do not exist. This indicates that some other variables must be used to attempt prediction of either effectiveness or role perceptions of hall student government. Close

• 167. [Article] WGSS Journals Revisited: Scholars Share Their Core Titles

  Presented at the ACRL WGSS Membership Meeting Poster Session as part of the 2015 ALA Annual Conference

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: WGSS Journals Revisited: Scholars Share Their Core Titles Author: Nicol, Erica, Wood, Susan, Nichols, Jane Presented at the ACRL WGSS Membership Meeting Poster Session as part of the 2015 ALA Annual Conference Title: WGSS Journals Revisited: Scholars Share Their Core Titles Author: Nicol, Erica, Wood, Susan, Nichols, Jane Presented at the ACRL WGSS Membership Meeting Poster Session as part of the 2015 ALA Annual Conference Close

• 168. [Article] Beautiful Empire: Race, Gender, and the Asian/American Femme on U.S. Network Television

  Since the earliest days of broadcast television in the 1950s, network television has maintained a keen fascination with Asian/American women, who implicitly helped secure the boundaries of white women’s ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Beautiful Empire: Race, Gender, and the Asian/American Femme on U.S. Network Television Author: Seid, Danielle Year: 2017 Since the earliest days of broadcast television in the 1950s, network television has maintained a keen fascination with Asian/American women, who implicitly helped secure the boundaries of white women’s “empire of the home.” This dissertation inquires into when and how Asian/American women have been represented on U.S. network television. Bringing together questions and analyses of beauty, race, and gender to better understand how Asian/American femininity has been negotiated within the conventions of network television, I argue that the figure I call the Asian/American femme—suspended between feminine subject and feminized object—appeared on network television to mediate and obscure moments of U.S. national and imperial crisis. In addition to analyses of specific programs and network television texts, this dissertation examines the racialized and gendered mistreatment that Asian/American performers have experienced working within the television industry. By combining textual analysis with analysis of industrial practices and performers’ star-texts, I work to understand how network television has imagined Asian/American women’s gender and sexual debts to the nation, as well as how key Asian/American performers, through their own feminine labor, enact the “resolution” of Asian/American women’s tenuous status in the nation. Far from advancing in a linear progression from stereotypical to more sensitive and complex representations, the Asian/American femme on U.S. network television, I argue, instead demonstrates how television, as a social and racial technology, accommodates shifting racial, gender, and sexual discourses in U.S. dominant culture. Title: Beautiful Empire: Race, Gender, and the Asian/American Femme on U.S. Network Television Author: Seid, Danielle Year: 2017 Since the earliest days of broadcast television in the 1950s, network television has maintained a keen fascination with Asian/American women, who implicitly helped secure the boundaries of white women’s “empire of the home.” This dissertation inquires into when and how Asian/American women have been represented on U.S. network television. Bringing together questions and analyses of beauty, race, and gender to better understand how Asian/American femininity has been negotiated within the conventions of network television, I argue that the figure I call the Asian/American femme—suspended between feminine subject and feminized object—appeared on network television to mediate and obscure moments of U.S. national and imperial crisis. In addition to analyses of specific programs and network television texts, this dissertation examines the racialized and gendered mistreatment that Asian/American performers have experienced working within the television industry. By combining textual analysis with analysis of industrial practices and performers’ star-texts, I work to understand how network television has imagined Asian/American women’s gender and sexual debts to the nation, as well as how key Asian/American performers, through their own feminine labor, enact the “resolution” of Asian/American women’s tenuous status in the nation. Far from advancing in a linear progression from stereotypical to more sensitive and complex representations, the Asian/American femme on U.S. network television, I argue, instead demonstrates how television, as a social and racial technology, accommodates shifting racial, gender, and sexual discourses in U.S. dominant culture. Close

• 169. [Article] Funny Business: Women Comedians and the Political Economy of Hollywood Sexism

  In the last five years there has been great public interest in Hollywood’s “gender problem,” namely its unequal representation of women in key creative roles such as director, producer, and studio head. ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Funny Business: Women Comedians and the Political Economy of Hollywood Sexism Author: Martinez, Diana Year: 2017 In the last five years there has been great public interest in Hollywood’s “gender problem,” namely its unequal representation of women in key creative roles such as director, producer, and studio head. Yet, in the long history of women in film and television, comedians have had the greatest success and degree of agency over their work. From silent film comediennes like Mabel Normand to Lucille Ball, Carol Burnett, and more recently Tina Fey and Amy Schumer, women comedians have resoundingly had success behind-the-screen as well as in front of it. In order to comprehend the disjuncture between the data and the women comedians’ success, we must account for the women at the center of contemporary popular culture who seem to have successfully navigated highly gendered structures of media. This dissertation offers an extension of the existing scholarship on the industrial practices of women mediamakers. This dissertation offers a historical production study of gender. This dissertation opens up ways of exploring the range and complexity of gendered practices in Hollywood. It shows how these actions operate within discursive frames and institutional frameworks that generally serve to perpetuate the exclusion of women. I suggest that cultural industries like film and television, when examined simultaneously as creative spaces and business enterprises using a political economy approach blended with cultural studies, offer revelatory sites for the study of gendered labor practices in Hollywood. Title: Funny Business: Women Comedians and the Political Economy of Hollywood Sexism Author: Martinez, Diana Year: 2017 In the last five years there has been great public interest in Hollywood’s “gender problem,” namely its unequal representation of women in key creative roles such as director, producer, and studio head. Yet, in the long history of women in film and television, comedians have had the greatest success and degree of agency over their work. From silent film comediennes like Mabel Normand to Lucille Ball, Carol Burnett, and more recently Tina Fey and Amy Schumer, women comedians have resoundingly had success behind-the-screen as well as in front of it. In order to comprehend the disjuncture between the data and the women comedians’ success, we must account for the women at the center of contemporary popular culture who seem to have successfully navigated highly gendered structures of media. This dissertation offers an extension of the existing scholarship on the industrial practices of women mediamakers. This dissertation offers a historical production study of gender. This dissertation opens up ways of exploring the range and complexity of gendered practices in Hollywood. It shows how these actions operate within discursive frames and institutional frameworks that generally serve to perpetuate the exclusion of women. I suggest that cultural industries like film and television, when examined simultaneously as creative spaces and business enterprises using a political economy approach blended with cultural studies, offer revelatory sites for the study of gendered labor practices in Hollywood. Close

• 170. [Article] Gender, Power, and Depo-Provera: Constraints on Reproductive Choice in Rural Nicaragua

  84 pages. A thesis presented to the Department of Anthropology and the Clark Honors College of the University of Oregon in partial fulfillment of the requirements for degree of Bachelor of Arts, Spring ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Gender, Power, and Depo-Provera: Constraints on Reproductive Choice in Rural Nicaragua Author: Dent, Nicolette Jeannette Year: 2014 84 pages. A thesis presented to the Department of Anthropology and the Clark Honors College of the University of Oregon in partial fulfillment of the requirements for degree of Bachelor of Arts, Spring 2014. Title: Gender, Power, and Depo-Provera: Constraints on Reproductive Choice in Rural Nicaragua Author: Dent, Nicolette Jeannette Year: 2014 84 pages. A thesis presented to the Department of Anthropology and the Clark Honors College of the University of Oregon in partial fulfillment of the requirements for degree of Bachelor of Arts, Spring 2014. Close

• 171. [Article] Occupational and Gendered Differences Between Firefighter/Paramedics and Emergency Room Nurses

  24 slides

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Occupational and Gendered Differences Between Firefighter/Paramedics and Emergency Room Nurses Author: Bryant, Wesley Year: 2017 24 slides Title: Occupational and Gendered Differences Between Firefighter/Paramedics and Emergency Room Nurses Author: Bryant, Wesley Year: 2017 24 slides Close

• 172. [Article] Relationship between moral development and personality type of University undergraduates

  The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between moral development and year in school, gender, and personality type for university undergraduates. Moral development was measured by ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Relationship between moral development and personality type of University undergraduates Author: McMahon, Timothy R. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between moral development and year in school, gender, and personality type for university undergraduates. Moral development was measured by the Defining Issues Test (DIT) and personality was assessed using the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI). The sample consisted of 320 freshmen, sophomores, juniors, and seniors enrolled as full-time students at The University of Iowa. From this sample, 188 (36.9%) students returned usable questionnaires. This random sample, stratified according to undergraduate class and gender, was provided by the university registrar. Subjects completed and returned a mailed questionnaire booklet containing the DIT and MBTI. These questionnaires were hand-scored and analyzed using analysis of variance and Pearson Product-Moment Correlations. An additional multiple comparisons test was done using the Scheff method. Systat software for the Macintosh was used to analyze the data. The analysis showed several significant results. Significant gender (p <0.001) and year in school (p <0.010) effects were found when analyzing the %P score of moral development level. Women scored significantly higher than men and seniors scored significantly higher than freshmen, sophomores, and juniors. The feeling dimension of the MBTI was found to be significantly associated with gender (females at p <0.001). Finally, the % Stage 4 score was found to be significantly related to the sensing (S) (p <0.001) and judging (J) (p <0.050) dimensions of the MBTI. The %P score was found to be significantly related to the intuitive (N) (p <0.050) and feeling (F) (p <0.050) dimensions of the MBTI. These results confirmed earlier studies in which a significant relationship was found between year in school and moral development level. The gender effect had been theorized and found in some studies but is unusual when using the DIT. The significant relationship between different dimensions of the MBTI and % Stage 4 and % P moral development scores had not been previously reported in the literature. Title: Relationship between moral development and personality type of University undergraduates Author: McMahon, Timothy R. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between moral development and year in school, gender, and personality type for university undergraduates. Moral development was measured by the Defining Issues Test (DIT) and personality was assessed using the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI). The sample consisted of 320 freshmen, sophomores, juniors, and seniors enrolled as full-time students at The University of Iowa. From this sample, 188 (36.9%) students returned usable questionnaires. This random sample, stratified according to undergraduate class and gender, was provided by the university registrar. Subjects completed and returned a mailed questionnaire booklet containing the DIT and MBTI. These questionnaires were hand-scored and analyzed using analysis of variance and Pearson Product-Moment Correlations. An additional multiple comparisons test was done using the Scheff method. Systat software for the Macintosh was used to analyze the data. The analysis showed several significant results. Significant gender (p <0.001) and year in school (p <0.010) effects were found when analyzing the %P score of moral development level. Women scored significantly higher than men and seniors scored significantly higher than freshmen, sophomores, and juniors. The feeling dimension of the MBTI was found to be significantly associated with gender (females at p <0.001). Finally, the % Stage 4 score was found to be significantly related to the sensing (S) (p <0.001) and judging (J) (p <0.050) dimensions of the MBTI. The %P score was found to be significantly related to the intuitive (N) (p <0.050) and feeling (F) (p <0.050) dimensions of the MBTI. These results confirmed earlier studies in which a significant relationship was found between year in school and moral development level. The gender effect had been theorized and found in some studies but is unusual when using the DIT. The significant relationship between different dimensions of the MBTI and % Stage 4 and % P moral development scores had not been previously reported in the literature. Close

• 173. [Article] An exploratory study of social and personal identity of selected Anglo-American, Mexican-American, and Mexican National college students

  Social and personal identities were examined for samples of college graduate students in three culturally different groups: Anglo-American, Mexican-American, and Mexican National. Four identities were ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: An exploratory study of social and personal identity of selected Anglo-American, Mexican-American, and Mexican National college students Author: Espinosa M., Jorge E. Social and personal identities were examined for samples of college graduate students in three culturally different groups: Anglo-American, Mexican-American, and Mexican National. Four identities were explored in terms of salience, frequency, and valence: religious, family, gender, and peer. No differences were found between the groups on religious and gender identities. As predicted, both the Mexican National and Mexican-American groups scored family higher than did members of the Anglo- American group. Peer responses were not analyzed because there was insufficient data. Three incidental questions were also explored; the salience of consensual versus subconsensual identities; sex difference regarding family and gender identities; and declared religious faith and family and gender identities. For all three cultural groups, and for both sexes, family emerged as the most prominent identity. Gender is the second most important identity, followed by religious and peer identities respectively. Of the incidental questions, the most important finding was that whereas most of the previous research using the same instrument found consensual identities predominant, subconsensual responses were predominant in this study. There were no male-female differences either within or across groups. Such findings raised a question about whether previous cross-cultural studies of sex role could, in fact, comment meaningfully on cultural differences. This was an exploratory study using a small number of subjects (seven men and women in each group) which were not randomly selected. Therefore, the findings were severly qualified. Title: An exploratory study of social and personal identity of selected Anglo-American, Mexican-American, and Mexican National college students Author: Espinosa M., Jorge E. Social and personal identities were examined for samples of college graduate students in three culturally different groups: Anglo-American, Mexican-American, and Mexican National. Four identities were explored in terms of salience, frequency, and valence: religious, family, gender, and peer. No differences were found between the groups on religious and gender identities. As predicted, both the Mexican National and Mexican-American groups scored family higher than did members of the Anglo- American group. Peer responses were not analyzed because there was insufficient data. Three incidental questions were also explored; the salience of consensual versus subconsensual identities; sex difference regarding family and gender identities; and declared religious faith and family and gender identities. For all three cultural groups, and for both sexes, family emerged as the most prominent identity. Gender is the second most important identity, followed by religious and peer identities respectively. Of the incidental questions, the most important finding was that whereas most of the previous research using the same instrument found consensual identities predominant, subconsensual responses were predominant in this study. There were no male-female differences either within or across groups. Such findings raised a question about whether previous cross-cultural studies of sex role could, in fact, comment meaningfully on cultural differences. This was an exploratory study using a small number of subjects (seven men and women in each group) which were not randomly selected. Therefore, the findings were severly qualified. Close

• 174. [Article] Exploration of Japanese women's patterns of educational attainment : the effect of gender of siblings

  Guided by the emerging interest in gender of siblings as one important sociological component in American family studies, the major objective of this study was to examine the effect of sex composition ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Exploration of Japanese women's patterns of educational attainment : the effect of gender of siblings Author: Michinobu, Toshiyuki Guided by the emerging interest in gender of siblings as one important sociological component in American family studies, the major objective of this study was to examine the effect of sex composition of siblings on women's levels of educational attainment in the Japanese setting. The present study hypothesized that the presence of brothers poses women a greater obstacle to a high level of educational attainment than the presence of sisters. For the purpose of gaining more depth in understanding Japanese women's education, this study also investigated other factors which differentiate the patterns of educational attainment between men and women. Two major methods were employed for the exploration. First, in order to examine the effect of sibling gender, this study analyzed quantitative data obtained from a sample of 518 young women. Second, face-to-face interviews were conducted with 15 mothers and 15 young women individually. In the interviews, in addition to several issues surrounding women's education, the mothers were asked their experiences about their children's education whereas the young women were asked their own educational experiences. The quantitative results identified gender of siblings as one important family characteristic in explaining women's levels of educational attainment. While providing some support for the quantitative findings, the qualitative data revealed the importance of other factors including parental attitudes toward gender role ideology and the notion of an appropriate marriage age. Implications of the findings for future research are discussed. Title: Exploration of Japanese women's patterns of educational attainment : the effect of gender of siblings Author: Michinobu, Toshiyuki Guided by the emerging interest in gender of siblings as one important sociological component in American family studies, the major objective of this study was to examine the effect of sex composition of siblings on women's levels of educational attainment in the Japanese setting. The present study hypothesized that the presence of brothers poses women a greater obstacle to a high level of educational attainment than the presence of sisters. For the purpose of gaining more depth in understanding Japanese women's education, this study also investigated other factors which differentiate the patterns of educational attainment between men and women. Two major methods were employed for the exploration. First, in order to examine the effect of sibling gender, this study analyzed quantitative data obtained from a sample of 518 young women. Second, face-to-face interviews were conducted with 15 mothers and 15 young women individually. In the interviews, in addition to several issues surrounding women's education, the mothers were asked their experiences about their children's education whereas the young women were asked their own educational experiences. The quantitative results identified gender of siblings as one important family characteristic in explaining women's levels of educational attainment. While providing some support for the quantitative findings, the qualitative data revealed the importance of other factors including parental attitudes toward gender role ideology and the notion of an appropriate marriage age. Implications of the findings for future research are discussed. Close

• 175. [Article] Personal, interpersonal and infant characteristics as predictors of marital satisfaction during the transition to parenthood

  Ninety-six couples were studied during the transition to parenthood in order to assess a) relative contributions of equity and traditionality in sex role attitudes to marital satisfaction prior to parenthood, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Personal, interpersonal and infant characteristics as predictors of marital satisfaction during the transition to parenthood Author: Tomlinson, Patricia Short Ninety-six couples were studied during the transition to parenthood in order to assess a) relative contributions of equity and traditionality in sex role attitudes to marital satisfaction prior to parenthood, b) changes in marital satisfaction and equity after the birth of the infant and c) contributions of traditionality, equity, father involvement and infant temperament to marital satisfaction after the birth of the infant. All data were analyzed separately for males and females to examine differences in gender response. A series of hierarchical regressions were used to determine contributions of predictor variables to marital satisfaction both prebirth and postbirth. Repeated measures analysis of variance (gender x time) were used to evaluate changes in marital satisfaction and equity, and a contingency analysis was used to determine categorical changes in equity. At the pretest equity contributed significantly to marital satisfaction for females only. While neither gender showed significant change in equity postbirth, both genders had a significant decline in marital satisfaction. Women's evaluations of their postbirth marital relationship was positively influenced by more non-traditional sex role attitudes and greater father involvement in infant care and negatively influenced by a more temperamentally active infant. Men's postbirth marital satisfaction was not influenced by any of these factors. Equity contributed significantly to the decline of postbirth marital satisfaction for both genders, though more for men than women. Father involvement in the care of the infant was very limited and did not relate to perceptions of equity. These results suggest that women's perception of marital satisfaction after parenthood is more complex than her spouse's, while the amount and significance of father's involvement with infant caretaking suggest little recent change in family practices of infant care. Title: Personal, interpersonal and infant characteristics as predictors of marital satisfaction during the transition to parenthood Author: Tomlinson, Patricia Short Ninety-six couples were studied during the transition to parenthood in order to assess a) relative contributions of equity and traditionality in sex role attitudes to marital satisfaction prior to parenthood, b) changes in marital satisfaction and equity after the birth of the infant and c) contributions of traditionality, equity, father involvement and infant temperament to marital satisfaction after the birth of the infant. All data were analyzed separately for males and females to examine differences in gender response. A series of hierarchical regressions were used to determine contributions of predictor variables to marital satisfaction both prebirth and postbirth. Repeated measures analysis of variance (gender x time) were used to evaluate changes in marital satisfaction and equity, and a contingency analysis was used to determine categorical changes in equity. At the pretest equity contributed significantly to marital satisfaction for females only. While neither gender showed significant change in equity postbirth, both genders had a significant decline in marital satisfaction. Women's evaluations of their postbirth marital relationship was positively influenced by more non-traditional sex role attitudes and greater father involvement in infant care and negatively influenced by a more temperamentally active infant. Men's postbirth marital satisfaction was not influenced by any of these factors. Equity contributed significantly to the decline of postbirth marital satisfaction for both genders, though more for men than women. Father involvement in the care of the infant was very limited and did not relate to perceptions of equity. These results suggest that women's perception of marital satisfaction after parenthood is more complex than her spouse's, while the amount and significance of father's involvement with infant caretaking suggest little recent change in family practices of infant care. Close

• 176. [Article] The women's movement in Japan and its effect on the workplace

  The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of women in the Japanese workplace. Data obtained from in-depth interviews and questionnaires, shows that the Japanese workplace is in a state of change ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The women's movement in Japan and its effect on the workplace Author: Madden-Bethune, Gwyn D. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of women in the Japanese workplace. Data obtained from in-depth interviews and questionnaires, shows that the Japanese workplace is in a state of change moving toward a higher level of opportunity for female workers. While similar to the circumstances experienced by Western women, the changes which Japanese women are experiencing have their own history and thus are analyzed from a non-Western perspective. Some key aspects of the analysis include: training, separate positions for men and women, tasks, and perceptions of gender discrimination. For men and women who held the same jobs it was found that the majority of training experiences were gender neutral. This is consistent with the fact that Japanese companies must make training equal as mandated by the 1985 Equal Employment Opportunity Law. In the workplace, however, discrimination has taken the form of separate positions for men and women. While there were informants who were both supportive and un-supportive of job separation, it was clear that this practice resulted in lower salaries and fewer high level positions for women. When males and females held the same positions, 17% of women were given different duties. These duties included serving tea, cleaning, and hostessing, all of which are tasks generally done by a wife for her husband. Thus in some instances domestic roles determine tasks assigned in the workplace. From the informants' responses a Japanese definition of gender discrimination was formulated. Culturally, gender discrimination was noted in terms of treating women differently than men, but also included improper sexual advances. A full 80% of the study's informants acknowledged the existence of gender discrimination in the Japanese workplace. Finally, from this sample it was determined that cultural relativism, internal labor market theory, and human capital theory are all compatible tools for analysis of the Japanese labor market. Title: The women's movement in Japan and its effect on the workplace Author: Madden-Bethune, Gwyn D. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of women in the Japanese workplace. Data obtained from in-depth interviews and questionnaires, shows that the Japanese workplace is in a state of change moving toward a higher level of opportunity for female workers. While similar to the circumstances experienced by Western women, the changes which Japanese women are experiencing have their own history and thus are analyzed from a non-Western perspective. Some key aspects of the analysis include: training, separate positions for men and women, tasks, and perceptions of gender discrimination. For men and women who held the same jobs it was found that the majority of training experiences were gender neutral. This is consistent with the fact that Japanese companies must make training equal as mandated by the 1985 Equal Employment Opportunity Law. In the workplace, however, discrimination has taken the form of separate positions for men and women. While there were informants who were both supportive and un-supportive of job separation, it was clear that this practice resulted in lower salaries and fewer high level positions for women. When males and females held the same positions, 17% of women were given different duties. These duties included serving tea, cleaning, and hostessing, all of which are tasks generally done by a wife for her husband. Thus in some instances domestic roles determine tasks assigned in the workplace. From the informants' responses a Japanese definition of gender discrimination was formulated. Culturally, gender discrimination was noted in terms of treating women differently than men, but also included improper sexual advances. A full 80% of the study's informants acknowledged the existence of gender discrimination in the Japanese workplace. Finally, from this sample it was determined that cultural relativism, internal labor market theory, and human capital theory are all compatible tools for analysis of the Japanese labor market. Close

• 177. [Article] THE INTERSECTIONS OF TRANSNATIONAL AND INTERNAL MIGRATION: GENDER, KINSHIP, AND CARE

  This dissertation analyzes the intersections of different forms of migrations, and how such intersections shape and are shaped by gendered kinship and care relationships. In other words, I analyze how ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: THE INTERSECTIONS OF TRANSNATIONAL AND INTERNAL MIGRATION: GENDER, KINSHIP, AND CARE Author: Sandoval-Cervantes, Ivan Year: 2016 This dissertation analyzes the intersections of different forms of migrations, and how such intersections shape and are shaped by gendered kinship and care relationships. In other words, I analyze how the ways in which people relate, and how they define and redefine their gender identities as they become mobile in diverse ways. This dissertation is based on ethnographic research conducted with the Zapotec community of Zegache, Oaxaca. Research took place in Oaxaca (Mexico), Mexico City, and Oregon. I approach the study of different migrations from a transborder perspective that is able to better capture how the crossing of different borders (national, regional, ethnic, rural and urban) has different meanings and consequences for migrant men and women from Zegache. I analyze how different forms of mobility and migration are constructed and discussed in scholarly works and “in the field.” The definition of who is a migrant is even more complicated as we consider that men and women from Zegache often engage in more than one form of migration. Thus, women who migrate to Mexico City sometimes will also migrate to the U.S. Even if women don’t migrate, they are increasingly becoming mobile and commuting to Oaxaca City, and are often in families with transnational migrants. In the same manner, men who join the military (which, I argue, is a form of migration) often become transnational migrants themselves. This dissertation looks at the articulations of intersecting migrations shows how relatedness and gender identities become constructed and re-constructed when people become mobile. Title: THE INTERSECTIONS OF TRANSNATIONAL AND INTERNAL MIGRATION: GENDER, KINSHIP, AND CARE Author: Sandoval-Cervantes, Ivan Year: 2016 This dissertation analyzes the intersections of different forms of migrations, and how such intersections shape and are shaped by gendered kinship and care relationships. In other words, I analyze how the ways in which people relate, and how they define and redefine their gender identities as they become mobile in diverse ways. This dissertation is based on ethnographic research conducted with the Zapotec community of Zegache, Oaxaca. Research took place in Oaxaca (Mexico), Mexico City, and Oregon. I approach the study of different migrations from a transborder perspective that is able to better capture how the crossing of different borders (national, regional, ethnic, rural and urban) has different meanings and consequences for migrant men and women from Zegache. I analyze how different forms of mobility and migration are constructed and discussed in scholarly works and “in the field.” The definition of who is a migrant is even more complicated as we consider that men and women from Zegache often engage in more than one form of migration. Thus, women who migrate to Mexico City sometimes will also migrate to the U.S. Even if women don’t migrate, they are increasingly becoming mobile and commuting to Oaxaca City, and are often in families with transnational migrants. In the same manner, men who join the military (which, I argue, is a form of migration) often become transnational migrants themselves. This dissertation looks at the articulations of intersecting migrations shows how relatedness and gender identities become constructed and re-constructed when people become mobile. Close

• 178. [Article] Gender Participation in Aquaculture Value Chain in Delta State, Nigeria

  Suggested Bibliographic Reference: Challenging New Frontiers in the Global Seafood Sector: Proceedings of the Eighteenth Biennial Conference of the International Institute of Fisheries Economics and Trade, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Gender Participation in Aquaculture Value Chain in Delta State, Nigeria Author: Okoh, Peace, Fregene, Bernadette Year: 2016 Suggested Bibliographic Reference: Challenging New Frontiers in the Global Seafood Sector: Proceedings of the Eighteenth Biennial Conference of the International Institute of Fisheries Economics and Trade, July 11-15, 2016. Compiled by Stefani J. Evers and Ann L. Shriver. International Institute of Fisheries Economics and Trade (IIFET), Corvallis, 2016. Title: Gender Participation in Aquaculture Value Chain in Delta State, Nigeria Author: Okoh, Peace, Fregene, Bernadette Year: 2016 Suggested Bibliographic Reference: Challenging New Frontiers in the Global Seafood Sector: Proceedings of the Eighteenth Biennial Conference of the International Institute of Fisheries Economics and Trade, July 11-15, 2016. Compiled by Stefani J. Evers and Ann L. Shriver. International Institute of Fisheries Economics and Trade (IIFET), Corvallis, 2016. Close

• 179. [Article] Gender differences in end-user debugging strategies

  There has been little prior research reporting strategy usage in end-user problem solving, and even less using gender as a factor. Without this type of information, enduser programming systems cannot know ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Gender differences in end-user debugging strategies Author: Narayanan, Vaishnavi There has been little prior research reporting strategy usage in end-user problem solving, and even less using gender as a factor. Without this type of information, enduser programming systems cannot know the “target” at which to aim, if they are to support male and female end-user programmers’ debugging. As a background to the thesis, an experiment was conducted by our group members, where the participants were given a post session questionnaire that had an open-ended question about what debugging strategies they adopted in finding and fixing errors. It was found that among the mentioned strategies, testing and code inspection had significant statistical differences among male and/or female success groups. This thesis’s goal is the investigation of the behavioral evidence of the two primary strategies, testing and code-inspection using gender as a factor. Using quantitative and qualitative methods, we analyzed the two strategies reported, and looked for relationships among participants’ strategy choices, gender, and debugging success. Our results indicate that males and females debug in quite different ways, and the debugging strategies that worked well for the males were not the same ones that worked well for the females. Our results also reveal that tools currently available to end-user debuggers may be especially deficient in supporting debugging strategies used by females. Title: Gender differences in end-user debugging strategies Author: Narayanan, Vaishnavi There has been little prior research reporting strategy usage in end-user problem solving, and even less using gender as a factor. Without this type of information, enduser programming systems cannot know the “target” at which to aim, if they are to support male and female end-user programmers’ debugging. As a background to the thesis, an experiment was conducted by our group members, where the participants were given a post session questionnaire that had an open-ended question about what debugging strategies they adopted in finding and fixing errors. It was found that among the mentioned strategies, testing and code inspection had significant statistical differences among male and/or female success groups. This thesis’s goal is the investigation of the behavioral evidence of the two primary strategies, testing and code-inspection using gender as a factor. Using quantitative and qualitative methods, we analyzed the two strategies reported, and looked for relationships among participants’ strategy choices, gender, and debugging success. Our results indicate that males and females debug in quite different ways, and the debugging strategies that worked well for the males were not the same ones that worked well for the females. Our results also reveal that tools currently available to end-user debuggers may be especially deficient in supporting debugging strategies used by females. Close

• 180. [Article] Complex patterns in gender HCI : a data mining study of factors leading to end-user debugging success for females and males

  Most of the work so far in the subfield of Gender HCI has followed a theory-driven approach. Established theories, however, do not take into account specific issues that arise in end-user debugging. We ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Complex patterns in gender HCI : a data mining study of factors leading to end-user debugging success for females and males Author: Grigoreanu, Valentina I. Most of the work so far in the subfield of Gender HCI has followed a theory-driven approach. Established theories, however, do not take into account specific issues that arise in end-user debugging. We suspected that there may be important information that we were overlooking. We therefore employed a methodology change: turning to data mining techniques to find hidden patterns and relationships in females' and males' feature usage patterns. This thesis reports two data mining studies to help discover complex ties among static, dynamic, and success data collected in end-user debugging sessions. Study 1 was our first step, and was used to derive new hypotheses about females' and males' strategies and behaviors. In Study 2, we then applied different data mining algorithms to a larger data set to describe, summarize, segment, and detect interesting patterns. We found that most of the factors that tied with females' success in debugging were different than those that tied with males' success in debugging and vice versa. The results will ultimately help Gender HCI researchers better support end-user debuggers of both genders. Title: Complex patterns in gender HCI : a data mining study of factors leading to end-user debugging success for females and males Author: Grigoreanu, Valentina I. Most of the work so far in the subfield of Gender HCI has followed a theory-driven approach. Established theories, however, do not take into account specific issues that arise in end-user debugging. We suspected that there may be important information that we were overlooking. We therefore employed a methodology change: turning to data mining techniques to find hidden patterns and relationships in females' and males' feature usage patterns. This thesis reports two data mining studies to help discover complex ties among static, dynamic, and success data collected in end-user debugging sessions. Study 1 was our first step, and was used to derive new hypotheses about females' and males' strategies and behaviors. In Study 2, we then applied different data mining algorithms to a larger data set to describe, summarize, segment, and detect interesting patterns. We found that most of the factors that tied with females' success in debugging were different than those that tied with males' success in debugging and vice versa. The results will ultimately help Gender HCI researchers better support end-user debuggers of both genders. Close

• 181. [Article] Role of Gender in Value Chain from Production and Marketing of Fish

  This is part of the IIFET Special Session on Markets and Value Chains for Small Aquaculture & Fisheries Enterprises with a Focus on Gender that took place on 17 July 2012 in Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania in ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Role of Gender in Value Chain from Production and Marketing of Fish Author: Lahiri, Debabrata This is part of the IIFET Special Session on Markets and Value Chains for Small Aquaculture & Fisheries Enterprises with a Focus on Gender that took place on 17 July 2012 in Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania in conjunction with 16th IIFET Conference. The complete proceedings of this special session are available (http://aquafishcrsp.oregonstate.edu/Documents/Uploads/FileManager/IIFET%202012%20CRSP%20Session%20Proceedings%20Final_small.pdf) through the Aquaculture & Fisheries Collaborative Research Support Program gender web site, (http://aquafishcrsp.oregonstate.edu/Gender/). Title: Role of Gender in Value Chain from Production and Marketing of Fish Author: Lahiri, Debabrata This is part of the IIFET Special Session on Markets and Value Chains for Small Aquaculture & Fisheries Enterprises with a Focus on Gender that took place on 17 July 2012 in Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania in conjunction with 16th IIFET Conference. The complete proceedings of this special session are available (http://aquafishcrsp.oregonstate.edu/Documents/Uploads/FileManager/IIFET%202012%20CRSP%20Session%20Proceedings%20Final_small.pdf) through the Aquaculture & Fisheries Collaborative Research Support Program gender web site, (http://aquafishcrsp.oregonstate.edu/Gender/). Close

• 182. [Article] Appraisal of Fresh Fish Marketing in Ondo State, Nigeria

  This is part of the IIFET Special Session on Markets and Value Chains for Small Aquaculture & Fisheries Enterprises with a Focus on Gender that took place on 17 July 2012 in Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania in ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Appraisal of Fresh Fish Marketing in Ondo State, Nigeria Author: Afolabi, J.A., Adeleke, M.L. This is part of the IIFET Special Session on Markets and Value Chains for Small Aquaculture & Fisheries Enterprises with a Focus on Gender that took place on 17 July 2012 in Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania in conjunction with 16th IIFET Conference. The complete proceedings of this special session are available (http://aquafishcrsp.oregonstate.edu/Documents/Uploads/FileManager/IIFET%202012%20CRSP%20Session%20Proceedings%20Final_small.pdf) through the Aquaculture & Fisheries Collaborative Research Support Program gender web site, (http://aquafishcrsp.oregonstate.edu/Gender/). Title: Appraisal of Fresh Fish Marketing in Ondo State, Nigeria Author: Afolabi, J.A., Adeleke, M.L. This is part of the IIFET Special Session on Markets and Value Chains for Small Aquaculture & Fisheries Enterprises with a Focus on Gender that took place on 17 July 2012 in Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania in conjunction with 16th IIFET Conference. The complete proceedings of this special session are available (http://aquafishcrsp.oregonstate.edu/Documents/Uploads/FileManager/IIFET%202012%20CRSP%20Session%20Proceedings%20Final_small.pdf) through the Aquaculture & Fisheries Collaborative Research Support Program gender web site, (http://aquafishcrsp.oregonstate.edu/Gender/). Close

• 183. [Article] Gender Roles, Rural Household Food Security and Entrepreneurship Among Women in Selected Fishing Communities in South Western Nigeria

  This is part of the IIFET Special Session on Markets and Value Chains for Small Aquaculture & Fisheries Enterprises with a Focus on Gender that took place on 17 July 2012 in Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania in ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Gender Roles, Rural Household Food Security and Entrepreneurship Among Women in Selected Fishing Communities in South Western Nigeria Author: Omolara, Agbebi Funmilola This is part of the IIFET Special Session on Markets and Value Chains for Small Aquaculture & Fisheries Enterprises with a Focus on Gender that took place on 17 July 2012 in Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania in conjunction with 16th IIFET Conference. The complete proceedings of this special session are available (http://aquafishcrsp.oregonstate.edu/Documents/Uploads/FileManager/IIFET%202012%20CRSP%20Session%20Proceedings%20Final_small.pdf) through the Aquaculture & Fisheries Collaborative Research Support Program gender web site, (http://aquafishcrsp.oregonstate.edu/Gender/). Title: Gender Roles, Rural Household Food Security and Entrepreneurship Among Women in Selected Fishing Communities in South Western Nigeria Author: Omolara, Agbebi Funmilola This is part of the IIFET Special Session on Markets and Value Chains for Small Aquaculture & Fisheries Enterprises with a Focus on Gender that took place on 17 July 2012 in Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania in conjunction with 16th IIFET Conference. The complete proceedings of this special session are available (http://aquafishcrsp.oregonstate.edu/Documents/Uploads/FileManager/IIFET%202012%20CRSP%20Session%20Proceedings%20Final_small.pdf) through the Aquaculture & Fisheries Collaborative Research Support Program gender web site, (http://aquafishcrsp.oregonstate.edu/Gender/). Close

• 184. [Article] Theorizing age and gender in the pursuit of love in late life

  In this dissertation, I explore how women and men in later life experience the world of dating and the pursuit of new intimate relationships. Although the mortality gap between women and men at older ages ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Theorizing age and gender in the pursuit of love in late life Author: Levaro, Elizabeth Bayler In this dissertation, I explore how women and men in later life experience the world of dating and the pursuit of new intimate relationships. Although the mortality gap between women and men at older ages is narrowing, as they enter their 70s, 80s, and 90s, there are still at least two unmarried women for every unmarried man. This gender imbalance is due to women's greater longevity and cultural norms based in gender relations that underlie men's preference for younger partners at all ages--and, throughout most of their lives, women's preference for older partners. Viewing the pursuit of new intimate relationships as embedded within intersecting systems of age and gender inequality, my goal was to explore how unmarried heterosexual women and men negotiate the world of dating in late life and how they view themselves and each other as aging men and women. This research focuses on White heterosexual women and men 70 years of age and older who were actively pursuing new dating relationships through personal newspaper ads and Internet dating and matching sites. Positioning the search for new intimate partners within the intersection of age relations and gender relations, I addressed two research questions. First, I sought to understand how unmarried—widowed, divorced, or always single—heterosexual women and men age 70 and older who are actively pursuing new intimate relationships view and describe their experience of the world of late-life dating, their place in it as aging men and women, and the dating partners they encounter. Second, I examined how, as men and women in aging bodies in a culture that devalues both old age and old people, they maintain, negotiate, or construct their sense of manhood and masculinity or womanhood and femininity in the context of dating, romance, and sexual intimacy. This dissertation consists of two studies, both grounded in a constructivist/interpretive paradigm and the thematic analysis of in-depth, semistructured interviews with 24 informants (11 women and 13 men) between the ages of 70 and 92. In the first study, using an intersectional framework of age relations and gender relations, I examined how internalized negative stereotypes of aging in general and one's own aging, in particular, shape the ways in which old men and women position themselves for finding romantic partners and how they manage identity to make themselves attractive romantic partners in an ageist society. Through their personal ads, Internet profiles, posted pictures, and within the interviews themselves, I found that informants both maintained and subverted age and gender expectations. They consistently resisted a self-identity as old by invoking claims and affirmations of neither looking nor acting their chronological age. Simultaneously, they communicated admonitions to potential dating partners that they should not look or act old. Both the men and the women were seeking new romantic partners younger than themselves, with the men's mean lower age 21 years younger and the women's, 10 years younger. In the second study, also grounded in considerations of age relations and gender relations, I examined informants' orientations to sexual activity and the importance of sex in their dating lives. Findings showed that, contrary to ageist stereotypes depicting old people as asexual and earlier research findings that older adults might settle for alternate intimate activities, the majority of the women and men in this study expressed interest in an intimate relationship that includes sex, and most interpreted this to mean penetrative intercourse. Nearly all of the men were sexually active with younger partners, with over half either using or holding samples of drugs for the treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED). A far smaller percentage of the women were currently dating or sexually active, and none had experience with partners who required the functional assistance of ED drugs. In conclusion, the informants present a picture of late-life dating in which individuals both consciously and unconsciously submit to, resist, and sometimes defy the structural constraints presented by societal ageism, age relations, and gender relations. The intersecting systems of inequality and oppression that impact these women and men as they pursue new love may seem only to privilege old men, offering them, for instance, advantage in terms of more lenience in showing their age and a broader age range in which to pursue dating partners. As a group, however, the women expressed more satisfaction with their lives and were less driven by the desire for an intimate partner, relishing the independence and autonomy their unattached status allowed them. Title: Theorizing age and gender in the pursuit of love in late life Author: Levaro, Elizabeth Bayler In this dissertation, I explore how women and men in later life experience the world of dating and the pursuit of new intimate relationships. Although the mortality gap between women and men at older ages is narrowing, as they enter their 70s, 80s, and 90s, there are still at least two unmarried women for every unmarried man. This gender imbalance is due to women's greater longevity and cultural norms based in gender relations that underlie men's preference for younger partners at all ages--and, throughout most of their lives, women's preference for older partners. Viewing the pursuit of new intimate relationships as embedded within intersecting systems of age and gender inequality, my goal was to explore how unmarried heterosexual women and men negotiate the world of dating in late life and how they view themselves and each other as aging men and women. This research focuses on White heterosexual women and men 70 years of age and older who were actively pursuing new dating relationships through personal newspaper ads and Internet dating and matching sites. Positioning the search for new intimate partners within the intersection of age relations and gender relations, I addressed two research questions. First, I sought to understand how unmarried—widowed, divorced, or always single—heterosexual women and men age 70 and older who are actively pursuing new intimate relationships view and describe their experience of the world of late-life dating, their place in it as aging men and women, and the dating partners they encounter. Second, I examined how, as men and women in aging bodies in a culture that devalues both old age and old people, they maintain, negotiate, or construct their sense of manhood and masculinity or womanhood and femininity in the context of dating, romance, and sexual intimacy. This dissertation consists of two studies, both grounded in a constructivist/interpretive paradigm and the thematic analysis of in-depth, semistructured interviews with 24 informants (11 women and 13 men) between the ages of 70 and 92. In the first study, using an intersectional framework of age relations and gender relations, I examined how internalized negative stereotypes of aging in general and one's own aging, in particular, shape the ways in which old men and women position themselves for finding romantic partners and how they manage identity to make themselves attractive romantic partners in an ageist society. Through their personal ads, Internet profiles, posted pictures, and within the interviews themselves, I found that informants both maintained and subverted age and gender expectations. They consistently resisted a self-identity as old by invoking claims and affirmations of neither looking nor acting their chronological age. Simultaneously, they communicated admonitions to potential dating partners that they should not look or act old. Both the men and the women were seeking new romantic partners younger than themselves, with the men's mean lower age 21 years younger and the women's, 10 years younger. In the second study, also grounded in considerations of age relations and gender relations, I examined informants' orientations to sexual activity and the importance of sex in their dating lives. Findings showed that, contrary to ageist stereotypes depicting old people as asexual and earlier research findings that older adults might settle for alternate intimate activities, the majority of the women and men in this study expressed interest in an intimate relationship that includes sex, and most interpreted this to mean penetrative intercourse. Nearly all of the men were sexually active with younger partners, with over half either using or holding samples of drugs for the treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED). A far smaller percentage of the women were currently dating or sexually active, and none had experience with partners who required the functional assistance of ED drugs. In conclusion, the informants present a picture of late-life dating in which individuals both consciously and unconsciously submit to, resist, and sometimes defy the structural constraints presented by societal ageism, age relations, and gender relations. The intersecting systems of inequality and oppression that impact these women and men as they pursue new love may seem only to privilege old men, offering them, for instance, advantage in terms of more lenience in showing their age and a broader age range in which to pursue dating partners. As a group, however, the women expressed more satisfaction with their lives and were less driven by the desire for an intimate partner, relishing the independence and autonomy their unattached status allowed them. Close

• 185. [Article] Gender Matters: The Perspectives and Experiences of Living Unit Staff in Juvenile Correctional Facilities

  Front line staff members in youth correctional facilities are generally the primary adults in the lives of incarcerated young people. In many ways, they serve as surrogate parents who may promote positive ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Gender Matters: The Perspectives and Experiences of Living Unit Staff in Juvenile Correctional Facilities Author: Galardi, Tasha Randall Front line staff members in youth correctional facilities are generally the primary adults in the lives of incarcerated young people. In many ways, they serve as surrogate parents who may promote positive development while holding delinquent youth accountable for their actions. They accomplish these often conflicting goals through the provision of round-the-clock care and the facilitation of therapeutic treatment groups within the secure environment of the institution. Research indicates that correctional staff members not only shape the day-to-day lives of confined youth but they also affect both the incarceration experience and treatment outcomes. Consequently, front line staff play a crucial role in the implementation of juvenile justice policies and are largely responsible for the youth authority’s rehabilitation efforts. In fact, the relationships between front line staff and youth are often considered to be the foundation of juvenile justice treatment programming. As primary socializing agents in the lives of incarcerated youth, living unit staff have the potential to shape not only how young people feel about themselves but also what they expect for their future lives. This occurs through daily interactions between staff and youth as well as staff role modeling. However, there is limited research that examines the perspectives of youth correctional staff members about the incarcerated young people they supervise or how they attempt to accomplish treatment goals. Although the early juvenile justice system was focused on rehabilitation rather than punishment, the lack of research showing those policies to be effective and an increase in youth crime caused the philosophical pendulum to swing in the opposite direction. An era of “get tough on crime” followed, which included more punitive juvenile justice policies and less focus on the reformation of delinquent young people. Subsequent scientific research about adolescent development and the ineffectiveness of more punitive approaches have returned the focus to rehabilitative treatment programming for incarcerated youth. One such approach is based on the Positive Youth Development (PYD) framework, which argues that all young people are resources which can developed if given the proper resources. A key component of PYD is the importance of positive, supportive relationships to help youth embrace prosocial beliefs and adopt prosocial behavior. There has also been a recent push for gender-responsive treatment programming in the juvenile justice system that considers the different risk experiences, pathways to crime, and developmental needs of boys and girls. Since front line staff are responsible for the daily care and rehabilitation of incarcerated youth, it is pivotal to understand their viewpoints on the boys and girls they supervise and the role of correctional staff in helping young people meet treatment goals. In a total insitution such as a youth correctional facility, where young people are segregated by gender and have little contact with individuals outside the institution, the views of staff about the gendered attributes of the youth they supervise is an important component of how they might shape the gender identities and beliefs of both boys and girls. Furthermore, examining the ways that correctional staff attempt to rehabilitate the youth in their care and promote positive outcomes can be an important tool for assessing the role of staff in helping achieve the goals of the juvenile justice system. This is especially true when a gender-responsive strategy is employed and staff members are charged with meeting the unique treatment needs of both boys and girls. Through the qualitative analysis of interview data, this study found that front line staff do characterize boys and girls in very different ways, with a significant negative bias against girls. In terms of relationships with staff, which includes the components of communication, engagement, and conflict, as well as conflict with peers, boys and girls were described in nearly polar opposite ways. These differences were reflected in the ways living unit staff described what youth need from them while incarcerated. While staff suggested that both boys and girls need many of the same things, such as care and compassion, structure, and role modeling, there were some gendered differences such as an emphasis on building relationships with girls and building character in boys. The perspectives of those who have first-hand experience working with incarcerated youth and are primarily responsible for treatment programming provide valuable information about the implementation of the juvenile justice system’s rehabilitation efforts, especially in an era of gender-responsive programming and PYD. The findings from this study provide insight into the ways that living unit staff conceptualize and interact with incarcerated young people, with an eye toward gendered differences, and should inform juvenile justice policy decisions about the rehabilitation of delinquent youth. Title: Gender Matters: The Perspectives and Experiences of Living Unit Staff in Juvenile Correctional Facilities Author: Galardi, Tasha Randall Front line staff members in youth correctional facilities are generally the primary adults in the lives of incarcerated young people. In many ways, they serve as surrogate parents who may promote positive development while holding delinquent youth accountable for their actions. They accomplish these often conflicting goals through the provision of round-the-clock care and the facilitation of therapeutic treatment groups within the secure environment of the institution. Research indicates that correctional staff members not only shape the day-to-day lives of confined youth but they also affect both the incarceration experience and treatment outcomes. Consequently, front line staff play a crucial role in the implementation of juvenile justice policies and are largely responsible for the youth authority’s rehabilitation efforts. In fact, the relationships between front line staff and youth are often considered to be the foundation of juvenile justice treatment programming. As primary socializing agents in the lives of incarcerated youth, living unit staff have the potential to shape not only how young people feel about themselves but also what they expect for their future lives. This occurs through daily interactions between staff and youth as well as staff role modeling. However, there is limited research that examines the perspectives of youth correctional staff members about the incarcerated young people they supervise or how they attempt to accomplish treatment goals. Although the early juvenile justice system was focused on rehabilitation rather than punishment, the lack of research showing those policies to be effective and an increase in youth crime caused the philosophical pendulum to swing in the opposite direction. An era of “get tough on crime” followed, which included more punitive juvenile justice policies and less focus on the reformation of delinquent young people. Subsequent scientific research about adolescent development and the ineffectiveness of more punitive approaches have returned the focus to rehabilitative treatment programming for incarcerated youth. One such approach is based on the Positive Youth Development (PYD) framework, which argues that all young people are resources which can developed if given the proper resources. A key component of PYD is the importance of positive, supportive relationships to help youth embrace prosocial beliefs and adopt prosocial behavior. There has also been a recent push for gender-responsive treatment programming in the juvenile justice system that considers the different risk experiences, pathways to crime, and developmental needs of boys and girls. Since front line staff are responsible for the daily care and rehabilitation of incarcerated youth, it is pivotal to understand their viewpoints on the boys and girls they supervise and the role of correctional staff in helping young people meet treatment goals. In a total insitution such as a youth correctional facility, where young people are segregated by gender and have little contact with individuals outside the institution, the views of staff about the gendered attributes of the youth they supervise is an important component of how they might shape the gender identities and beliefs of both boys and girls. Furthermore, examining the ways that correctional staff attempt to rehabilitate the youth in their care and promote positive outcomes can be an important tool for assessing the role of staff in helping achieve the goals of the juvenile justice system. This is especially true when a gender-responsive strategy is employed and staff members are charged with meeting the unique treatment needs of both boys and girls. Through the qualitative analysis of interview data, this study found that front line staff do characterize boys and girls in very different ways, with a significant negative bias against girls. In terms of relationships with staff, which includes the components of communication, engagement, and conflict, as well as conflict with peers, boys and girls were described in nearly polar opposite ways. These differences were reflected in the ways living unit staff described what youth need from them while incarcerated. While staff suggested that both boys and girls need many of the same things, such as care and compassion, structure, and role modeling, there were some gendered differences such as an emphasis on building relationships with girls and building character in boys. The perspectives of those who have first-hand experience working with incarcerated youth and are primarily responsible for treatment programming provide valuable information about the implementation of the juvenile justice system’s rehabilitation efforts, especially in an era of gender-responsive programming and PYD. The findings from this study provide insight into the ways that living unit staff conceptualize and interact with incarcerated young people, with an eye toward gendered differences, and should inform juvenile justice policy decisions about the rehabilitation of delinquent youth. Close

• 186. [Article] Designing Exhibits For Gender Equity

  Gender equity has been a national and global aim for over half a century (Ceci & Williams, 2007; National Center for Education Statistics, 2003; National Science Board, 2008). While gains have been made, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Designing Exhibits For Gender Equity Author: Dancu, Toni Nicole Year: 2010 Gender equity has been a national and global aim for over half a century (Ceci & Williams, 2007; National Center for Education Statistics, 2003; National Science Board, 2008). While gains have been made, one area where inequity remains is spatial reasoning ability, where a large gender gap in favor of males has persisted over the years (Else-Quest, Linn, & Shibley Hyde, 2010; National Science Board, 2008; Ruble, Martin, & Berenbaum, 2006). This gender gap in spatial reasoning has had substantial societal impact on the career interests of females in areas of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math (STEM), contributing to the larger societal need to engage non-dominant groups in these fields to reduce outsourcing (Ceci & Williams, 2007; Jaschik, 2007; Wai, Lubinski, & Benbow, 2009; White, 1992). Both spatial reasoning ability and STEM career interest have been related to science museum visits (Hamilton, Nussbaum, Kupermintz, Kerkhoven, & Snow, 1995; Salmi, 2001, 2002). However, researchers have also found a gender gap in favor of males in regard to science museum attendance and experiences once at the museum (Borun, 1999; Crowley, 2000). There are many suggestions for increasing female engagement at science museums and creating equitable experiences, but few have been systematically studied (Kekelis, Heber, & Countryman, 2005; Koke, 2005; Maher, 2005; Taylor, 2005). This research investigated gender equitable exhibit development by enhancing a geometry exhibit with several female-friendly design features and analyzing video data to determine the effects on girls' engagement and social interactions with their caregivers. The findings suggest that incorporating several female-friendly design features leads to significantly higher engagement for girls (evidenced by greater attraction and time spent). This study also looked for any unanticipated negative effects for boys after incorporating the female-friendly design features. It is encouraging that this study was unable to detect any unintended negative effects for boys; however, such non-significant results are inconclusive and should not dissuade future research and design teams from continuing to check for unanticipated ill effects of female-friendly design features for boys. While the positive effects for girls were significant, it is important to note that they were not significantly more positive for girls than for boys; further research is needed to determine whether the female-friendly design features create a more equitable experience for girls, or a more positive experience for everyone. This study did not identify any significant differences in parent-child verbal social interactions between the two versions of the exhibit; however, the pattern of results suggests that gender discrepant parent explanations, as found by Crowley, 2001 in a children's museum, may be less of a concern for girls in science centers, providing an interesting area for future study. This research presents evidence to support incorporating female-friendly design features in future science exhibit development projects, and indicates areas where future studies are still needed to gain a deeper understanding of their effects. Title: Designing Exhibits For Gender Equity Author: Dancu, Toni Nicole Year: 2010 Gender equity has been a national and global aim for over half a century (Ceci & Williams, 2007; National Center for Education Statistics, 2003; National Science Board, 2008). While gains have been made, one area where inequity remains is spatial reasoning ability, where a large gender gap in favor of males has persisted over the years (Else-Quest, Linn, & Shibley Hyde, 2010; National Science Board, 2008; Ruble, Martin, & Berenbaum, 2006). This gender gap in spatial reasoning has had substantial societal impact on the career interests of females in areas of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math (STEM), contributing to the larger societal need to engage non-dominant groups in these fields to reduce outsourcing (Ceci & Williams, 2007; Jaschik, 2007; Wai, Lubinski, & Benbow, 2009; White, 1992). Both spatial reasoning ability and STEM career interest have been related to science museum visits (Hamilton, Nussbaum, Kupermintz, Kerkhoven, & Snow, 1995; Salmi, 2001, 2002). However, researchers have also found a gender gap in favor of males in regard to science museum attendance and experiences once at the museum (Borun, 1999; Crowley, 2000). There are many suggestions for increasing female engagement at science museums and creating equitable experiences, but few have been systematically studied (Kekelis, Heber, & Countryman, 2005; Koke, 2005; Maher, 2005; Taylor, 2005). This research investigated gender equitable exhibit development by enhancing a geometry exhibit with several female-friendly design features and analyzing video data to determine the effects on girls' engagement and social interactions with their caregivers. The findings suggest that incorporating several female-friendly design features leads to significantly higher engagement for girls (evidenced by greater attraction and time spent). This study also looked for any unanticipated negative effects for boys after incorporating the female-friendly design features. It is encouraging that this study was unable to detect any unintended negative effects for boys; however, such non-significant results are inconclusive and should not dissuade future research and design teams from continuing to check for unanticipated ill effects of female-friendly design features for boys. While the positive effects for girls were significant, it is important to note that they were not significantly more positive for girls than for boys; further research is needed to determine whether the female-friendly design features create a more equitable experience for girls, or a more positive experience for everyone. This study did not identify any significant differences in parent-child verbal social interactions between the two versions of the exhibit; however, the pattern of results suggests that gender discrepant parent explanations, as found by Crowley, 2001 in a children's museum, may be less of a concern for girls in science centers, providing an interesting area for future study. This research presents evidence to support incorporating female-friendly design features in future science exhibit development projects, and indicates areas where future studies are still needed to gain a deeper understanding of their effects. Close

• 187. [Article] Gender and Prescription Painkiller Misuse: Findings from the 2011 National Survey on Drug Use and Health

  This study examines the effects of gender and social bonds on the experience of prescription painkiller misuse for men and women. The theoretical framework for the project is Travis Hirschi's social control ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Gender and Prescription Painkiller Misuse: Findings from the 2011 National Survey on Drug Use and Health Author: Clough, Robin Jo Year: 2014 This study examines the effects of gender and social bonds on the experience of prescription painkiller misuse for men and women. The theoretical framework for the project is Travis Hirschi's social control theory (1969), and the social bond elements of attachment, commitment, involvement, and belief, which emphasizes the importance of these bonds in creating a "stake in conformity" for the individual, leading to acceptance of social norms and desistence from deviance. This theory, however, is relatively silent with regard to gender differences and was developed to examine delinquency in an all male sample of adolescents. The elements of this theory were used to further test the effects of these social bonds and add to the literature gap on the gendered experience of the misuse of prescription painkillers. Data for this project comes from the 2011 National Survey on Drug Use and Health, an annual nationally representative, cross-sectional survey. Multivariate logistic regression analyses reveal that, being white, not being married, having less than a high school diploma, a having a job are all significant predictors of increased prescription painkiller misuse. Characteristics associated with a significant decrease in the odds of misusing prescription painkillers are being older, having a college degree, and placing importance on religious/spiritual beliefs. Multivariate logistic regression also reveals that female respondents are less likely to misuse prescription painkillers than are their male counterparts. Interaction effects are operationalized to measure the relationship between gender and the social bond elements of interest. Most of the interaction effects are not statistically significant, but some of the main effects remain significant, which indicates that the main effect has little impact on prescription painkiller misuse for women, but remains significant for men (marriage, education, work status). Significant interaction effects are found for gender (female) x income and gender (female) x religiosity, which indicates that for both men and women, increased income and higher levels of religiosity are significantly associated with decreased odds of prescription painkiller misuse, that the effect is stronger for women and that this difference between men and women is significant. These results provide further insight into the experiences of prescription painkiller misuse for men and women. Title: Gender and Prescription Painkiller Misuse: Findings from the 2011 National Survey on Drug Use and Health Author: Clough, Robin Jo Year: 2014 This study examines the effects of gender and social bonds on the experience of prescription painkiller misuse for men and women. The theoretical framework for the project is Travis Hirschi's social control theory (1969), and the social bond elements of attachment, commitment, involvement, and belief, which emphasizes the importance of these bonds in creating a "stake in conformity" for the individual, leading to acceptance of social norms and desistence from deviance. This theory, however, is relatively silent with regard to gender differences and was developed to examine delinquency in an all male sample of adolescents. The elements of this theory were used to further test the effects of these social bonds and add to the literature gap on the gendered experience of the misuse of prescription painkillers. Data for this project comes from the 2011 National Survey on Drug Use and Health, an annual nationally representative, cross-sectional survey. Multivariate logistic regression analyses reveal that, being white, not being married, having less than a high school diploma, a having a job are all significant predictors of increased prescription painkiller misuse. Characteristics associated with a significant decrease in the odds of misusing prescription painkillers are being older, having a college degree, and placing importance on religious/spiritual beliefs. Multivariate logistic regression also reveals that female respondents are less likely to misuse prescription painkillers than are their male counterparts. Interaction effects are operationalized to measure the relationship between gender and the social bond elements of interest. Most of the interaction effects are not statistically significant, but some of the main effects remain significant, which indicates that the main effect has little impact on prescription painkiller misuse for women, but remains significant for men (marriage, education, work status). Significant interaction effects are found for gender (female) x income and gender (female) x religiosity, which indicates that for both men and women, increased income and higher levels of religiosity are significantly associated with decreased odds of prescription painkiller misuse, that the effect is stronger for women and that this difference between men and women is significant. These results provide further insight into the experiences of prescription painkiller misuse for men and women. Close

• 188. [Article] The Role of Relationship Dynamics and Gender Inequalities As Barriers to HIV-Serostatus Disclosure: Qualitative Study among Women and Men Living with HIV in Durban, South Africa

  Background: This qualitative study investigated gender power inequalities as they contribute to relationship dynamics and HIV-serostatus disclosure among men and women living with HIV in Durban, South ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Role of Relationship Dynamics and Gender Inequalities As Barriers to HIV-Serostatus Disclosure: Qualitative Study among Women and Men Living with HIV in Durban, South Africa Author: Bhatia, Divya S., Harrison, Abigail D., Kubeka, Muriel, Milford, Cecilia, Kaida, Angela, Bajunirwe, Francis, Wilson, Ira B., Psaros, Christina, Safren, Steven A,, Bangsberg, David R., Smit, Jennifer A., Matthews, Lynn T. Year: 2017 Background: This qualitative study investigated gender power inequalities as they contribute to relationship dynamics and HIV-serostatus disclosure among men and women living with HIV in Durban, South Africa. HIV serodiscordance among men and women within stable partnerships contributes to high HIV incidence in southern Africa, yet disclosure rates remain low. Given the emphasis on prevention for HIV-serodiscordant couples, this research supports the urgent need to explore how best to support couples to recognize that they are part of this priority population and to access appropriate prevention and treatment. Methods: Thirty-five in-depth individual interviews were conducted with 15 HIV-positive men and 20 HIV-positive women (not couples) receiving care at public-sector clinics near Durban. A structured coding scheme was developed to investigate men's and women's attitudes toward HIV-serostatus disclosure and behaviors of sharing (or not sharing) HIV serostatus with a partner. Narratives were analyzed for barriers and facilitators of disclosure through the lens of sociocultural gender inequality, focusing on reasons for non-disclosure. Results: Among 35 participants: median age was 33 years (men) and 30 years (women); average years since HIV diagnosis was 1 (men) and 1.5 (women). Four themes related to gender inequality and HIV-serostatus disclosure emerged: (1) Men and women fear disclosing to partners due to concerns about stigma and relationship dissolution, (2) suspicions and mistrust between partners underlies decisions for non-disclosure, (3) unequal, gendered power in relationships causes differential likelihood and safety of disclosure among men and women, and (4) incomplete or implicit disclosure are strategies to navigate disclosure challenges. Findings illustrate HIV-serostatus disclosure as a complex process evolving over time, rather than a one-time event. Conclusion: Partner communication about HIV serostatus is infrequent and complicated, with gender inequalities contributing to fear, mistrust, and partial or implicit disclosure. Relationship dynamics and gender roles shape the environment within which men and women can engage successfully in the HIV-serostatus disclosure process. Integrated interventions to reduce barriers to trustful and effective communication are needed for HIV-affected men and women in partnerships in which seeking couples-based HIV counseling and testing (CHCT) is challenging or unlikely. These data offer insights to support HIV-serostatus disclosure strategies within relationships over time. Title: The Role of Relationship Dynamics and Gender Inequalities As Barriers to HIV-Serostatus Disclosure: Qualitative Study among Women and Men Living with HIV in Durban, South Africa Author: Bhatia, Divya S., Harrison, Abigail D., Kubeka, Muriel, Milford, Cecilia, Kaida, Angela, Bajunirwe, Francis, Wilson, Ira B., Psaros, Christina, Safren, Steven A,, Bangsberg, David R., Smit, Jennifer A., Matthews, Lynn T. Year: 2017 Background: This qualitative study investigated gender power inequalities as they contribute to relationship dynamics and HIV-serostatus disclosure among men and women living with HIV in Durban, South Africa. HIV serodiscordance among men and women within stable partnerships contributes to high HIV incidence in southern Africa, yet disclosure rates remain low. Given the emphasis on prevention for HIV-serodiscordant couples, this research supports the urgent need to explore how best to support couples to recognize that they are part of this priority population and to access appropriate prevention and treatment. Methods: Thirty-five in-depth individual interviews were conducted with 15 HIV-positive men and 20 HIV-positive women (not couples) receiving care at public-sector clinics near Durban. A structured coding scheme was developed to investigate men's and women's attitudes toward HIV-serostatus disclosure and behaviors of sharing (or not sharing) HIV serostatus with a partner. Narratives were analyzed for barriers and facilitators of disclosure through the lens of sociocultural gender inequality, focusing on reasons for non-disclosure. Results: Among 35 participants: median age was 33 years (men) and 30 years (women); average years since HIV diagnosis was 1 (men) and 1.5 (women). Four themes related to gender inequality and HIV-serostatus disclosure emerged: (1) Men and women fear disclosing to partners due to concerns about stigma and relationship dissolution, (2) suspicions and mistrust between partners underlies decisions for non-disclosure, (3) unequal, gendered power in relationships causes differential likelihood and safety of disclosure among men and women, and (4) incomplete or implicit disclosure are strategies to navigate disclosure challenges. Findings illustrate HIV-serostatus disclosure as a complex process evolving over time, rather than a one-time event. Conclusion: Partner communication about HIV serostatus is infrequent and complicated, with gender inequalities contributing to fear, mistrust, and partial or implicit disclosure. Relationship dynamics and gender roles shape the environment within which men and women can engage successfully in the HIV-serostatus disclosure process. Integrated interventions to reduce barriers to trustful and effective communication are needed for HIV-affected men and women in partnerships in which seeking couples-based HIV counseling and testing (CHCT) is challenging or unlikely. These data offer insights to support HIV-serostatus disclosure strategies within relationships over time. Close

• 189. [Article] The tanci "Feng shuangfei": A female perspective on the gender and sexual politics of late-Qing China

  x, 276 p. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The tanci "Feng shuangfei": A female perspective on the gender and sexual politics of late-Qing China Author: Liu, Wenjia, 1981- Year: 2011, 2010 x, 276 p. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number. Title: The tanci "Feng shuangfei": A female perspective on the gender and sexual politics of late-Qing China Author: Liu, Wenjia, 1981- Year: 2011, 2010 x, 276 p. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number. Close

• 190. [Article] Social context in traumatic stress: Gender, ethnicity, and betrayal

  xv, 103 p. : ill. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Social context in traumatic stress: Gender, ethnicity, and betrayal Author: Tang, Sharon Shann-Shin Year: 2010, 2009 xv, 103 p. : ill. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number. Title: Social context in traumatic stress: Gender, ethnicity, and betrayal Author: Tang, Sharon Shann-Shin Year: 2010, 2009 xv, 103 p. : ill. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number. Close

• 191. [Article] Beyond the "Stalled Revolution": Stay-at-Home Fathers, Gender Identity and the Division of Household Labor

  The purpose of this thesis is to explore how stay-at-home fathers view their role as the primary caregiver, and how they encounter opposing masculinity issues. This is explored through discussion about ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Beyond the "Stalled Revolution": Stay-at-Home Fathers, Gender Identity and the Division of Household Labor Author: Snitker, Aundrea Janae Year: 2010 The purpose of this thesis is to explore how stay-at-home fathers view their role as the primary caregiver, and how they encounter opposing masculinity issues. This is explored through discussion about daily life, the decision to stay home, and household labor, a particularly interesting reflection of gender roles and equality. The two research questions used to explore this included: How do stay-at-home fathers understand their masculinity and social role? How does talk about the negotiation of household labor in stay-at-home father/career mother families illustrate masculinity issues? Through an analysis of interviews of eight present or past stay-at-home fathers, I capture the ways that these fathers describe and discuss the stay-at-home parent role. By looking at how these men define and interpret the specific challenges they face while in this role, I help tell the stories of stay-at-home father/career mother families, and understand whether these families, too, experience Hochschild's "stalled revolution." Title: Beyond the "Stalled Revolution": Stay-at-Home Fathers, Gender Identity and the Division of Household Labor Author: Snitker, Aundrea Janae Year: 2010 The purpose of this thesis is to explore how stay-at-home fathers view their role as the primary caregiver, and how they encounter opposing masculinity issues. This is explored through discussion about daily life, the decision to stay home, and household labor, a particularly interesting reflection of gender roles and equality. The two research questions used to explore this included: How do stay-at-home fathers understand their masculinity and social role? How does talk about the negotiation of household labor in stay-at-home father/career mother families illustrate masculinity issues? Through an analysis of interviews of eight present or past stay-at-home fathers, I capture the ways that these fathers describe and discuss the stay-at-home parent role. By looking at how these men define and interpret the specific challenges they face while in this role, I help tell the stories of stay-at-home father/career mother families, and understand whether these families, too, experience Hochschild's "stalled revolution." Close

• 192. [Article] Gendered Arrests or Gendered Sentencing: Explaining the Narrowing of the Gender Gap in Imprisonment over Time: 1970–2008

  Since 1970 the percentage of women incarcerated in U.S. prisons has risen from nearly 3 percent to almost 7 percent—more than doubling in less than 40 years. This article examines explanations for this ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Gendered Arrests or Gendered Sentencing: Explaining the Narrowing of the Gender Gap in Imprisonment over Time: 1970–2008 Author: Harmon, Mark G., O'Brien, Robert M. Year: 2011 Since 1970 the percentage of women incarcerated in U.S. prisons has risen from nearly 3 percent to almost 7 percent—more than doubling in less than 40 years. This article examines explanations for this phenomenon—concentrating on two: Changes in the relative rates of arrest for females and males and sentencing reforms that were instituted during this period. The authors examine trends in female to male imprisonment rates from 1970 to 2008 across all fifty states using panel analysis. The only robust relationship they find is between the ratio of female to male incarceration rates and the ratio of female to male arrest rates for drug crimes. Sentencing reforms designed to limit the discretion of judges and those designed to limit the discretion of parole boards (the elimination of parole boards or truth in sentencing) are not related to changes in the ratio of female to male incarceration rates. Title: Gendered Arrests or Gendered Sentencing: Explaining the Narrowing of the Gender Gap in Imprisonment over Time: 1970–2008 Author: Harmon, Mark G., O'Brien, Robert M. Year: 2011 Since 1970 the percentage of women incarcerated in U.S. prisons has risen from nearly 3 percent to almost 7 percent—more than doubling in less than 40 years. This article examines explanations for this phenomenon—concentrating on two: Changes in the relative rates of arrest for females and males and sentencing reforms that were instituted during this period. The authors examine trends in female to male imprisonment rates from 1970 to 2008 across all fifty states using panel analysis. The only robust relationship they find is between the ratio of female to male incarceration rates and the ratio of female to male arrest rates for drug crimes. Sentencing reforms designed to limit the discretion of judges and those designed to limit the discretion of parole boards (the elimination of parole boards or truth in sentencing) are not related to changes in the ratio of female to male incarceration rates. Close

• 193. [Article] Self-Disclosure and Self-Efficacy in Online Dating

  This study explores online dating by studying the relationship between self-disclosure and self-efficacy in an online dating environment. This research study examines the way self-disclosure, self-efficacy, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Self-Disclosure and Self-Efficacy in Online Dating Author: España, Andrew Christopher Year: 2013 This study explores online dating by studying the relationship between self-disclosure and self-efficacy in an online dating environment. This research study examines the way self-disclosure, self-efficacy, self-esteem, and gender interrelate in an online dating environment. This study includes, but is not limited to, discussion of the type of correlation between self-efficacy and self-esteem, the relationship between self-disclosure and self-efficacy, and the differences between men's and women's self-disclosure in an online dating environment. From conducting this study, the researcher was able to determine that there is a statistically significant relationship between gender and how it relates to self-disclosure and self-efficacy. With the results from the study, the understanding of how different variables relate to online dating and romantic relationships has been taken one step further as it helps fill the gap in the literature. Title: Self-Disclosure and Self-Efficacy in Online Dating Author: España, Andrew Christopher Year: 2013 This study explores online dating by studying the relationship between self-disclosure and self-efficacy in an online dating environment. This research study examines the way self-disclosure, self-efficacy, self-esteem, and gender interrelate in an online dating environment. This study includes, but is not limited to, discussion of the type of correlation between self-efficacy and self-esteem, the relationship between self-disclosure and self-efficacy, and the differences between men's and women's self-disclosure in an online dating environment. From conducting this study, the researcher was able to determine that there is a statistically significant relationship between gender and how it relates to self-disclosure and self-efficacy. With the results from the study, the understanding of how different variables relate to online dating and romantic relationships has been taken one step further as it helps fill the gap in the literature. Close

• 194. [Article] Gender Roles in the Camping Situation

  The intent of this thesis is to investigate the extent to which people depart from traditional gender roles in a situation of leisure. The lack of normative structure in the camping situation offers a ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Gender Roles in the Camping Situation Author: Carlson, Carol Alice Year: 1977 The intent of this thesis is to investigate the extent to which people depart from traditional gender roles in a situation of leisure. The lack of normative structure in the camping situation offers a chance for participants to do sex typed tasks differently than in the more structured home situation. Participant observation was used because of the exploratory nature of the project. Research was conducted the month of July, 1973. Four Oregon campgrounds were visited. Campsite clusters to be observed were chosen randomly. A systemic time schedule was developed in which various clusters were observed at as many different times as possible. Findings indicate that gender role behavior patterns that are used at home are also used in the camping situation. Women usually perform tasks that are done at home everyday while men usually perform tasks unique to the camping situation. Title: Gender Roles in the Camping Situation Author: Carlson, Carol Alice Year: 1977 The intent of this thesis is to investigate the extent to which people depart from traditional gender roles in a situation of leisure. The lack of normative structure in the camping situation offers a chance for participants to do sex typed tasks differently than in the more structured home situation. Participant observation was used because of the exploratory nature of the project. Research was conducted the month of July, 1973. Four Oregon campgrounds were visited. Campsite clusters to be observed were chosen randomly. A systemic time schedule was developed in which various clusters were observed at as many different times as possible. Findings indicate that gender role behavior patterns that are used at home are also used in the camping situation. Women usually perform tasks that are done at home everyday while men usually perform tasks unique to the camping situation. Close

• 195. [Article] Challenging Queer as “Neoliberal”: the Radical Politics of South Asian Diasporic Lesbian Representational Culture

  This essay contributes to transnational feminist and queer interests in neoliberalism, sexual politics and representational cultures that all circulate globally today. It reads Deepa Mehta’s film, Fire ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Challenging Queer as “Neoliberal”: the Radical Politics of South Asian Diasporic Lesbian Representational Culture Author: Craven, Sri Year: 2017 This essay contributes to transnational feminist and queer interests in neoliberalism, sexual politics and representational cultures that all circulate globally today. It reads Deepa Mehta’s film, Fire (1996), and Suniti Namjoshi’s literary venture, Goja: An Autobiographical Myth (2000). Each processes the question of lesbian visibility as a question of female labor and class relations among women. By analyzing representations of lesbian life in the context of laboring female bodies, the article challenges the dismissal of queer politics as neoliberal in India. Sexual identity politics, as critics argue, often dovetails with neoliberalism’s project of protecting elite and bourgeois subjects’ interests at the expense the working and the poor. Deploying western and transnational feminist/queer theories, cultural studies and literary critical methods, this essay spotlights two representational forms that enact and provide useful frameworks for radical queer political engagements. Title: Challenging Queer as “Neoliberal”: the Radical Politics of South Asian Diasporic Lesbian Representational Culture Author: Craven, Sri Year: 2017 This essay contributes to transnational feminist and queer interests in neoliberalism, sexual politics and representational cultures that all circulate globally today. It reads Deepa Mehta’s film, Fire (1996), and Suniti Namjoshi’s literary venture, Goja: An Autobiographical Myth (2000). Each processes the question of lesbian visibility as a question of female labor and class relations among women. By analyzing representations of lesbian life in the context of laboring female bodies, the article challenges the dismissal of queer politics as neoliberal in India. Sexual identity politics, as critics argue, often dovetails with neoliberalism’s project of protecting elite and bourgeois subjects’ interests at the expense the working and the poor. Deploying western and transnational feminist/queer theories, cultural studies and literary critical methods, this essay spotlights two representational forms that enact and provide useful frameworks for radical queer political engagements. Close

• 196. [Article] Gender, Polychronicity, and the Work-Family Interface: is a Preference for Multitasking Beneficial?

  This study examined how polychronicity, or the preference to do several things concurrently, was related to work and family overload, work–family conflict, and outcomes in the work, family, and life domains ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Gender, Polychronicity, and the Work-Family Interface: is a Preference for Multitasking Beneficial? Author: Korabik, Karen, van Rhijn, Tricia, Ayman, Roya, Lero, Donna S., Hammer, Leslie B. Year: 2016 This study examined how polychronicity, or the preference to do several things concurrently, was related to work and family overload, work–family conflict, and outcomes in the work, family, and life domains (i.e. turnover intent, family, and life satisfaction). Using conservation of resources theory as a framework, polychronicity was conceptualized as a resource that could be used to reduce work and family overload. The participants were 553 employed parents from Canada and the US. Results indicated that polychronicity was related to lower work overload. Lower work overload was related to lower work interference with family conflict, lower turnover intent, and higher family and life satisfaction. We also examined gender differences and found that, although women scored significantly higher than men on family overload and family satisfaction, and significantly lower than men on life satisfaction, there was no mean gender difference on polychronicity. In addition, the path coefficients in the model were not significantly different for men and women. Title: Gender, Polychronicity, and the Work-Family Interface: is a Preference for Multitasking Beneficial? Author: Korabik, Karen, van Rhijn, Tricia, Ayman, Roya, Lero, Donna S., Hammer, Leslie B. Year: 2016 This study examined how polychronicity, or the preference to do several things concurrently, was related to work and family overload, work–family conflict, and outcomes in the work, family, and life domains (i.e. turnover intent, family, and life satisfaction). Using conservation of resources theory as a framework, polychronicity was conceptualized as a resource that could be used to reduce work and family overload. The participants were 553 employed parents from Canada and the US. Results indicated that polychronicity was related to lower work overload. Lower work overload was related to lower work interference with family conflict, lower turnover intent, and higher family and life satisfaction. We also examined gender differences and found that, although women scored significantly higher than men on family overload and family satisfaction, and significantly lower than men on life satisfaction, there was no mean gender difference on polychronicity. In addition, the path coefficients in the model were not significantly different for men and women. Close

• 197. [Article] South Asian Women and Marriage: Experiences of a Cultural Script

  Although the South Asian community is one of the largest and fastest growing immigrant populations in the country, there is a paucity of social science research about these communities. A number of authors ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: South Asian Women and Marriage: Experiences of a Cultural Script Author: Mehrotra, Gita R. Year: 2016 Although the South Asian community is one of the largest and fastest growing immigrant populations in the country, there is a paucity of social science research about these communities. A number of authors have assumed the importance of gender, marriage, and family within South Asian diasporic culture; however, relatively little research has explored South Asian women’s lived experiences from their own perspectives or across generations. This study sought to understand how first and second generation South Asian women in the US understand their experiences of race/ethnicity, gender, sexuality, and diaspora. Through qualitative analysis of interviews with 30 South Asian women living in the US, I show that across generations, messages about (heterosexual) marriage emerged as central to how women understood their gendered experience and, as such, marriage and being marriageable function as a “cultural script” for middle-class South Asian womanhood. Women’s narratives elucidate some of the specific messages of this “cultural script” and everyday ways this script is indirectly and directly communicated to women within family and community interactions. Title: South Asian Women and Marriage: Experiences of a Cultural Script Author: Mehrotra, Gita R. Year: 2016 Although the South Asian community is one of the largest and fastest growing immigrant populations in the country, there is a paucity of social science research about these communities. A number of authors have assumed the importance of gender, marriage, and family within South Asian diasporic culture; however, relatively little research has explored South Asian women’s lived experiences from their own perspectives or across generations. This study sought to understand how first and second generation South Asian women in the US understand their experiences of race/ethnicity, gender, sexuality, and diaspora. Through qualitative analysis of interviews with 30 South Asian women living in the US, I show that across generations, messages about (heterosexual) marriage emerged as central to how women understood their gendered experience and, as such, marriage and being marriageable function as a “cultural script” for middle-class South Asian womanhood. Women’s narratives elucidate some of the specific messages of this “cultural script” and everyday ways this script is indirectly and directly communicated to women within family and community interactions. Close

• 198. [Article] Love, Marriage, and Motherhood: Changing Expectations of Women in Late OttomanIstanbul

  This study examines the early work of famous novelist Halide Edip Adıvar against the background of public discussions on women and gender in late-Ottoman society. Gender relations and women's issues constituted ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Love, Marriage, and Motherhood: Changing Expectations of Women in Late OttomanIstanbul Author: Basci, Pelin Year: 2003 This study examines the early work of famous novelist Halide Edip Adıvar against the background of public discussions on women and gender in late-Ottoman society. Gender relations and women's issues constituted a fertile ground for the debate about social transformation. Edip and her feminist peers wrote about passionate love, companionship in marriage, the significance of motherhood, and women's legal rights in their works. This reflects women's vision of new gender relations and provides evidence for their contributions to the forging of Turkish modernity prior to the founding of the Turkish Republic. It also illustrates the hybrid nature of culture, which resists unconditional adoption of Western models. Title: Love, Marriage, and Motherhood: Changing Expectations of Women in Late OttomanIstanbul Author: Basci, Pelin Year: 2003 This study examines the early work of famous novelist Halide Edip Adıvar against the background of public discussions on women and gender in late-Ottoman society. Gender relations and women's issues constituted a fertile ground for the debate about social transformation. Edip and her feminist peers wrote about passionate love, companionship in marriage, the significance of motherhood, and women's legal rights in their works. This reflects women's vision of new gender relations and provides evidence for their contributions to the forging of Turkish modernity prior to the founding of the Turkish Republic. It also illustrates the hybrid nature of culture, which resists unconditional adoption of Western models. Close

• 199. [Article] On to the real world : gender and self-efficacy in Excel

  Although there have been a number of studies of end-user software development tasks, few of them have considered gender issues for real end-user developers in real-world environments for end-user programming. In ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: On to the real world : gender and self-efficacy in Excel Author: Inman, Derek, Rector, Kyle, Beckwith, Laura A., Burnett, Margaret, 1949-, Oregon State University. Dept. of Computer Science Although there have been a number of studies of end-user software development tasks, few of them have considered gender issues for real end-user developers in real-world environments for end-user programming. In order to be trusted, the results of such laboratory studies must always be re-evaluated with fewer controls, more closely reflecting real-world conditions. Therefore, the research question in this paper is whether the results of a Gender HCI controlled study generalize -- to real-world end-user developers, in a real-world spreadsheet environment, using a realworld spreadsheet. Our findings are that the concepts revealed by the original laboratory study appear to be quite robust, being demonstrated in multiple ways in this real-world environment. Title: On to the real world : gender and self-efficacy in Excel Author: Inman, Derek, Rector, Kyle, Beckwith, Laura A., Burnett, Margaret, 1949-, Oregon State University. Dept. of Computer Science Although there have been a number of studies of end-user software development tasks, few of them have considered gender issues for real end-user developers in real-world environments for end-user programming. In order to be trusted, the results of such laboratory studies must always be re-evaluated with fewer controls, more closely reflecting real-world conditions. Therefore, the research question in this paper is whether the results of a Gender HCI controlled study generalize -- to real-world end-user developers, in a real-world spreadsheet environment, using a realworld spreadsheet. Our findings are that the concepts revealed by the original laboratory study appear to be quite robust, being demonstrated in multiple ways in this real-world environment. Close

• 200. [Article] Mind the Gap: Gender's Effect on Quality of Elected Members of Parliament in the United Kingdom

  In order to discover if the statement "men and women win elections at equal rates" had any validity I created a quality test and applied to the 650 men and women elected to Westminster in 2015. My theory ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Mind the Gap: Gender's Effect on Quality of Elected Members of Parliament in the United Kingdom Author: Herr, Alyssa Lenore Year: 2016 In order to discover if the statement "men and women win elections at equal rates" had any validity I created a quality test and applied to the 650 men and women elected to Westminster in 2015. My theory was that due to a historical exclusion from politics, elected women would exceed their male counterparts in political quality. Female candidates are informally encouraged by voters, political parties, and lifelong gendered socialization to seek more qualifications for office than male candidates in order to counteract gender bias. My research showed that my theory was supported and that the female politicians who were nationally elected in 2015 met more quality marks in my quality test, and thus were more qualified for political office than their male counterparts. The quality differences I observed are evidence of sexism continuing to play a role in women’s perceived electability in long standing democracies with single member district electoral systems. Title: Mind the Gap: Gender's Effect on Quality of Elected Members of Parliament in the United Kingdom Author: Herr, Alyssa Lenore Year: 2016 In order to discover if the statement "men and women win elections at equal rates" had any validity I created a quality test and applied to the 650 men and women elected to Westminster in 2015. My theory was that due to a historical exclusion from politics, elected women would exceed their male counterparts in political quality. Female candidates are informally encouraged by voters, political parties, and lifelong gendered socialization to seek more qualifications for office than male candidates in order to counteract gender bias. My research showed that my theory was supported and that the female politicians who were nationally elected in 2015 met more quality marks in my quality test, and thus were more qualified for political office than their male counterparts. The quality differences I observed are evidence of sexism continuing to play a role in women’s perceived electability in long standing democracies with single member district electoral systems. Close