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• 141. [Article] Thirty-five years of forest succession in southwest Oregon : vegetation response to three distinct logging treatments

  This study examined patterns and controls on 35-years of forest succession following logging in the 236 ha South Umpqua Experimental Forest within the Umpqua National Forest in southwestern Oregon. Prior ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Thirty-five years of forest succession in southwest Oregon : vegetation response to three distinct logging treatments Author: Arthur, Aaron Stone This study examined patterns and controls on 35-years of forest succession following logging in the 236 ha South Umpqua Experimental Forest within the Umpqua National Forest in southwestern Oregon. Prior to logging, the overstory in all three watersheds (~50% cover) was composed of Douglas-fir (30-40% cover), grand fir (2 to 10% cover), incense cedar (2-4% cover), western hemlock (1-2 % cover), sugar pine (1-2% cover), ponderosa pine (0-1% cover), and madrone (0-1% cover). The sapling cover in all three watersheds (30-35% cover) was dominated by grand fir (15-20%), western hemlock (6-8% cover) incense cedar (3-5% cover), and Douglas-fir (3-5% cover), with <1% cover by the other tree species. In 1971, the overstory of the four watersheds received: WS-1 (69.2 ha) a 50% basal area removal (shelterwood); WS-2 (68.4 ha) 30% in 20 small clearcuts; WS-3 (49.8 ha) 100% clearcut; WS-4 (48.6 ha) uncut control. Prior to treatment, tree, shrub, and herb cover in WS 1-3 (n = 50 plots) was visually estimated using the reconnaissance survey method, but only WS 2-3 annually through 1981 (n = 39 plots). In 2006, plots were relocated and new plots added, and resurveyed (n = 77 plots). Plots were classified by environmental (aspect, slope, soil series, vegetation community) and disturbance factors (treatment, logging method, in-watershed location, and soil disturbance). Vegetation was classed into three groups: (1) vegetation structures; (2) overstory species; and (3) residual and invader understory species. Total vegetation cover decreased slightly over the 35-year period, with a slight decrease in shrubs, saplings, and herbs, and an increase in overstory tree cover in 2006 compared to 1971. Few statistically significant differences were observed in vegetation cover change according to environmental variables. However heavily disturbed sites were characterized by low shrub cover and high overstory cover, compared to lightly disturbed sites. These differences were still apparent 35 years after logging. Between 1971 and 2006 in WS-2 and WS-3, Douglas fir, incense cedar and ponderosa pine cover significantly increased, while other overstory species declined. In contrast, over the same period in WS-1, there was a significant change in grand fir and western hemlock cover. Sapling cover of all species stayed constant or declined in all watersheds, except Douglas-fir and western hemlock, which increased in WS-1 only. In the post-logging period, cover of ponderosa pine and Douglas fir cover was significantly higher on moderately and heavily disturbed plots compared to lightly disturbed plots. Before logging, residual species cover was significantly higher than invader species cover. Disturbance appeared to have the greatest effect upon the residual-invader species relationship. Residual species maintained higher cover on lightly disturbed plots, compared to invader species cover, which was highest on moderately and heavily disturbed plots. All species declined in WS-2 and WS-3 following stem exclusion. Overall patterns of tree, shrub, and herb cover succession over the 35-year post-logging period were consistent with the expected effects of clearcutting versus thinning on light levels and their interactions with known shade tolerances of tree species. Additionally, results were consistent with previously documented site disturbance effects on regeneration of residual and invader species, and shrub-tree competition and regeneration. These results permit prediction of the likely consequences for these 35-yr-old forest stands, and the thinned mature forest, of future, planned thinning treatments. Title: Thirty-five years of forest succession in southwest Oregon : vegetation response to three distinct logging treatments Author: Arthur, Aaron Stone This study examined patterns and controls on 35-years of forest succession following logging in the 236 ha South Umpqua Experimental Forest within the Umpqua National Forest in southwestern Oregon. Prior to logging, the overstory in all three watersheds (~50% cover) was composed of Douglas-fir (30-40% cover), grand fir (2 to 10% cover), incense cedar (2-4% cover), western hemlock (1-2 % cover), sugar pine (1-2% cover), ponderosa pine (0-1% cover), and madrone (0-1% cover). The sapling cover in all three watersheds (30-35% cover) was dominated by grand fir (15-20%), western hemlock (6-8% cover) incense cedar (3-5% cover), and Douglas-fir (3-5% cover), with <1% cover by the other tree species. In 1971, the overstory of the four watersheds received: WS-1 (69.2 ha) a 50% basal area removal (shelterwood); WS-2 (68.4 ha) 30% in 20 small clearcuts; WS-3 (49.8 ha) 100% clearcut; WS-4 (48.6 ha) uncut control. Prior to treatment, tree, shrub, and herb cover in WS 1-3 (n = 50 plots) was visually estimated using the reconnaissance survey method, but only WS 2-3 annually through 1981 (n = 39 plots). In 2006, plots were relocated and new plots added, and resurveyed (n = 77 plots). Plots were classified by environmental (aspect, slope, soil series, vegetation community) and disturbance factors (treatment, logging method, in-watershed location, and soil disturbance). Vegetation was classed into three groups: (1) vegetation structures; (2) overstory species; and (3) residual and invader understory species. Total vegetation cover decreased slightly over the 35-year period, with a slight decrease in shrubs, saplings, and herbs, and an increase in overstory tree cover in 2006 compared to 1971. Few statistically significant differences were observed in vegetation cover change according to environmental variables. However heavily disturbed sites were characterized by low shrub cover and high overstory cover, compared to lightly disturbed sites. These differences were still apparent 35 years after logging. Between 1971 and 2006 in WS-2 and WS-3, Douglas fir, incense cedar and ponderosa pine cover significantly increased, while other overstory species declined. In contrast, over the same period in WS-1, there was a significant change in grand fir and western hemlock cover. Sapling cover of all species stayed constant or declined in all watersheds, except Douglas-fir and western hemlock, which increased in WS-1 only. In the post-logging period, cover of ponderosa pine and Douglas fir cover was significantly higher on moderately and heavily disturbed plots compared to lightly disturbed plots. Before logging, residual species cover was significantly higher than invader species cover. Disturbance appeared to have the greatest effect upon the residual-invader species relationship. Residual species maintained higher cover on lightly disturbed plots, compared to invader species cover, which was highest on moderately and heavily disturbed plots. All species declined in WS-2 and WS-3 following stem exclusion. Overall patterns of tree, shrub, and herb cover succession over the 35-year post-logging period were consistent with the expected effects of clearcutting versus thinning on light levels and their interactions with known shade tolerances of tree species. Additionally, results were consistent with previously documented site disturbance effects on regeneration of residual and invader species, and shrub-tree competition and regeneration. These results permit prediction of the likely consequences for these 35-yr-old forest stands, and the thinned mature forest, of future, planned thinning treatments. Close

• 142. [Article] Prediction of peak flows for culvert design on small watersheds in Oregon

  Forest engineers must frequently make flood frequency estimates for very small watersheds when designing culvert installations. Empirical formulae and simplified rainfall runoff models, the most commonly ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Prediction of peak flows for culvert design on small watersheds in Oregon Author: Campbell, Alan J. Forest engineers must frequently make flood frequency estimates for very small watersheds when designing culvert installations. Empirical formulae and simplified rainfall runoff models, the most commonly used techniques to predict floods from very small watersheds, require considerable engineering judgement to give reasonable results. As an alternative to such methods, this study presents equations to predict peak flows on small watersheds in Oregon. The equations were developed from 80 watersheds ranging in size from 0.21 to 10.60 square miles. Oregon was divided into six physiographic regions based on previous flood frequency studies. In each region, annual peak flow data from gaging stations with more than 20 years of record were analyzed using four flood frequency distributions (Gumbel, two-parameter log-normal, three-parameter log-normal, log Pearson type III). The log Pearson type III distribution was found to be suitable for use in all regions of the state, based on the chi-square goodness of fit test. Flood magnitudes having recurrence intervals of 10, 25, 50, and 100 years were related to physical and climatic indices of drainage basins by multiple regression analysis. Drainage basin area (A) was the most important variable in explaining the variation of flood peaks in all regions. Mean basin elevation (E) and mean annual precipitation (P) were also significantly related to flood peaks in two regions in western Oregon. The following equations to predict the 25-year flood were developed for each physiographic region in Oregon: (1) Willamette region Q₂₅ = 156A·⁸⁰ (2) Coast region Q₂₅ = 6.31A¹⁰¹E·⁵¹ (3) Cascade region Q₂₅ = .O32A⁴⁴P¹·⁹⁷ (4) Rogue-Umpqua region Q₂₅ = l63A·⁷⁷ (5) Blue-Wallowa region Q₂₅ = 67.6A·⁴⁷ Title: Prediction of peak flows for culvert design on small watersheds in Oregon Author: Campbell, Alan J. Forest engineers must frequently make flood frequency estimates for very small watersheds when designing culvert installations. Empirical formulae and simplified rainfall runoff models, the most commonly used techniques to predict floods from very small watersheds, require considerable engineering judgement to give reasonable results. As an alternative to such methods, this study presents equations to predict peak flows on small watersheds in Oregon. The equations were developed from 80 watersheds ranging in size from 0.21 to 10.60 square miles. Oregon was divided into six physiographic regions based on previous flood frequency studies. In each region, annual peak flow data from gaging stations with more than 20 years of record were analyzed using four flood frequency distributions (Gumbel, two-parameter log-normal, three-parameter log-normal, log Pearson type III). The log Pearson type III distribution was found to be suitable for use in all regions of the state, based on the chi-square goodness of fit test. Flood magnitudes having recurrence intervals of 10, 25, 50, and 100 years were related to physical and climatic indices of drainage basins by multiple regression analysis. Drainage basin area (A) was the most important variable in explaining the variation of flood peaks in all regions. Mean basin elevation (E) and mean annual precipitation (P) were also significantly related to flood peaks in two regions in western Oregon. The following equations to predict the 25-year flood were developed for each physiographic region in Oregon: (1) Willamette region Q₂₅ = 156A·⁸⁰ (2) Coast region Q₂₅ = 6.31A¹⁰¹E·⁵¹ (3) Cascade region Q₂₅ = .O32A⁴⁴P¹·⁹⁷ (4) Rogue-Umpqua region Q₂₅ = l63A·⁷⁷ (5) Blue-Wallowa region Q₂₅ = 67.6A·⁴⁷ Close

• 143. [Article] Luts Hedden CT timber sale decision documentation

  8 pp. Tables, maps. T. 22 S., R. 08 W., Sections 17, 18, and 19. Captured January 14, 2009.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Luts Hedden CT timber sale decision documentation Author: United States. Bureau of Land Management. Coos Bay District Year: 2009, 2008 8 pp. Tables, maps. T. 22 S., R. 08 W., Sections 17, 18, and 19. Captured January 14, 2009. Title: Luts Hedden CT timber sale decision documentation Author: United States. Bureau of Land Management. Coos Bay District Year: 2009, 2008 8 pp. Tables, maps. T. 22 S., R. 08 W., Sections 17, 18, and 19. Captured January 14, 2009. Close

• 144. [Article] South River commercial thinning 2000 finding of no significant impact

  3 pp. The stands are located in Section 19 of T. 28 S., R. 8 W.; Section 19 of T. 29 S., R. 2 W.; Sections 13 and 24 of T. 29 S., R. 3 W.; Section 9 of T. 30 S., R. 2 W.; and Sections 3 and 4 of T. 30 ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: South River commercial thinning 2000 finding of no significant impact Author: United States. Bureau of Land Management. Roseburg District Office Year: 2008, 2001 3 pp. The stands are located in Section 19 of T. 28 S., R. 8 W.; Section 19 of T. 29 S., R. 2 W.; Sections 13 and 24 of T. 29 S., R. 3 W.; Section 9 of T. 30 S., R. 2 W.; and Sections 3 and 4 of T. 30 S., R. 3 W. Captured July 27, 2007. Title: South River commercial thinning 2000 finding of no significant impact Author: United States. Bureau of Land Management. Roseburg District Office Year: 2008, 2001 3 pp. The stands are located in Section 19 of T. 28 S., R. 8 W.; Section 19 of T. 29 S., R. 2 W.; Sections 13 and 24 of T. 29 S., R. 3 W.; Section 9 of T. 30 S., R. 2 W.; and Sections 3 and 4 of T. 30 S., R. 3 W. Captured July 27, 2007. Close

• 145. [Article] South River watershed restoration environmental assessment

  64 pp. Tables, references, appendices, maps, figures. Sections 26, 27, T 29 S, R 9 W; Section 33, T 29 S, R 3 W; Section 27, T 29 S, R 3 W; Section 13, T 29 S, R 3 W; Section 22, T 30 S, R 3 W; Section ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: South River watershed restoration environmental assessment Author: United States. Bureau of Land Management. Roseburg District Office Year: 2008, 2000 64 pp. Tables, references, appendices, maps, figures. Sections 26, 27, T 29 S, R 9 W; Section 33, T 29 S, R 3 W; Section 27, T 29 S, R 3 W; Section 13, T 29 S, R 3 W; Section 22, T 30 S, R 3 W; Section 2, T 31 S, R 6 W; Section 10, T 31 S, R 3 W; Section 1, T 29 S, R 8 W; Section 3, T 9 S, R 8 W; Section 3, T 30 S, R 7 W; Sections 10, 14, T 31 S, R 5 W; Section 23, T 29 S, R 4 W; Section 33, T 28 S, R 3 W. Captured July 26, 2007. Title: South River watershed restoration environmental assessment Author: United States. Bureau of Land Management. Roseburg District Office Year: 2008, 2000 64 pp. Tables, references, appendices, maps, figures. Sections 26, 27, T 29 S, R 9 W; Section 33, T 29 S, R 3 W; Section 27, T 29 S, R 3 W; Section 13, T 29 S, R 3 W; Section 22, T 30 S, R 3 W; Section 2, T 31 S, R 6 W; Section 10, T 31 S, R 3 W; Section 1, T 29 S, R 8 W; Section 3, T 9 S, R 8 W; Section 3, T 30 S, R 7 W; Sections 10, 14, T 31 S, R 5 W; Section 23, T 29 S, R 4 W; Section 33, T 28 S, R 3 W. Captured July 26, 2007. Close

• 146. [Article] Particulate organic matter export by two contrasting small mountainous rivers from the Pacific Northwest, U.S.A.

  This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the American Geophysical Union and can be found at: http://www.agu.org/journals/jgr/.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Particulate organic matter export by two contrasting small mountainous rivers from the Pacific Northwest, U.S.A. Author: Hatten, Jeff A., Goni, Miguel A., Borgeld, Jeffry C., Wheatcroft, Robert A. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the American Geophysical Union and can be found at: http://www.agu.org/journals/jgr/. Title: Particulate organic matter export by two contrasting small mountainous rivers from the Pacific Northwest, U.S.A. Author: Hatten, Jeff A., Goni, Miguel A., Borgeld, Jeffry C., Wheatcroft, Robert A. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the American Geophysical Union and can be found at: http://www.agu.org/journals/jgr/. Close

• 147. [Article] West Fork Smith River Catch Summary Data

  Abstract -- The Salmonid Life Cycle Monitoring Project of the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (ODFW) has guided monitoring of juvenile and adult salmonid fishes (Oncorhynchus spp.) in the West Fork ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: West Fork Smith River Catch Summary Data Abstract -- The Salmonid Life Cycle Monitoring Project of the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (ODFW) has guided monitoring of juvenile and adult salmonid fishes (Oncorhynchus spp.) in the West Fork Smith River (Umpqua basin) since 1998. These activities are coordinated under the Oregon Plan for Salmon and Watersheds and are part of a broader effort to monitor populations of salmonids in select Oregon coastal streams. Two objectives of this program are to estimate the abundance of returning adult salmonids and downstream-migrating juvenile salmonids, and estimate the marine and freshwater survival rates for coho salmon. This record provided catch summary reports from monitoring activities for the 2005-2006 run-year of returning adult fish and year 2006 out-migration of juvenile fish in the West Fork Smith River. Title: West Fork Smith River Catch Summary Data Abstract -- The Salmonid Life Cycle Monitoring Project of the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (ODFW) has guided monitoring of juvenile and adult salmonid fishes (Oncorhynchus spp.) in the West Fork Smith River (Umpqua basin) since 1998. These activities are coordinated under the Oregon Plan for Salmon and Watersheds and are part of a broader effort to monitor populations of salmonids in select Oregon coastal streams. Two objectives of this program are to estimate the abundance of returning adult salmonids and downstream-migrating juvenile salmonids, and estimate the marine and freshwater survival rates for coho salmon. This record provided catch summary reports from monitoring activities for the 2005-2006 run-year of returning adult fish and year 2006 out-migration of juvenile fish in the West Fork Smith River. Close

• 148. [Article] Swiftwater stream crossing upgrade project decision record

  2 pp. Section 17, T.21S., R.4W.; Sections 15 and 27, T.22S., R.4W.; Section 3, T.25S., R.4W.; and Section 17, T.26S., R.2W.; W.M. Captured July 24, 2007.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Swiftwater stream crossing upgrade project decision record Author: United States. Bureau of Land Management. Roseburg District Office Year: 2008, 2004 2 pp. Section 17, T.21S., R.4W.; Sections 15 and 27, T.22S., R.4W.; Section 3, T.25S., R.4W.; and Section 17, T.26S., R.2W.; W.M. Captured July 24, 2007. Title: Swiftwater stream crossing upgrade project decision record Author: United States. Bureau of Land Management. Roseburg District Office Year: 2008, 2004 2 pp. Section 17, T.21S., R.4W.; Sections 15 and 27, T.22S., R.4W.; Section 3, T.25S., R.4W.; and Section 17, T.26S., R.2W.; W.M. Captured July 24, 2007. Close

• 149. [Article] Swiftwater stream crossing upgrade project finding of no significant impact

  4 pp. Section 17, T.21S., R.4W.; Sections 15 and 27, T.22S., R.4W.; Section 3, T.25S., R.4W.; and Section 17, T.26S., R.2W. Captured July 27, 2007.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Swiftwater stream crossing upgrade project finding of no significant impact Author: United States. Bureau of Land Management. Roseburg District Office Year: 2008, 2004 4 pp. Section 17, T.21S., R.4W.; Sections 15 and 27, T.22S., R.4W.; Section 3, T.25S., R.4W.; and Section 17, T.26S., R.2W. Captured July 27, 2007. Title: Swiftwater stream crossing upgrade project finding of no significant impact Author: United States. Bureau of Land Management. Roseburg District Office Year: 2008, 2004 4 pp. Section 17, T.21S., R.4W.; Sections 15 and 27, T.22S., R.4W.; Section 3, T.25S., R.4W.; and Section 17, T.26S., R.2W. Captured July 27, 2007. Close

• 150. [Article] The ecological legacy of Indian burning practices in southwestern Oregon

  Two research questions are posed: (1) How have ecosystem conditions changed through time in southwestern Oregon? (2) How have culture-driven and climate-driven processes contributed to ecosystem change ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The ecological legacy of Indian burning practices in southwestern Oregon Author: Carloni, Kenneth R. Two research questions are posed: (1) How have ecosystem conditions changed through time in southwestern Oregon? (2) How have culture-driven and climate-driven processes contributed to ecosystem change in southwestern Oregon? A brief introduction to the Little River study area is followed by a cultural and ecological history of the watershed. Historical, ecological and archaeological data are used to describe shifts in landscape structure, stand structure and fire behavior. Changes in corridor/patch/matrix relationships, increases in stand densities, and changes in stand age and species structure are documented, and changes in fire dynamics from frequent to infrequent, and small to large are corroborated with descriptive statistics from the nearby 2002 Umpqua Fires. Hypotheses are then proposed to test the relative influence of humans vs. climate on landscape change during Aboriginal (<1820) vs. Euroagrarian (1850-1950) cultural phases. While precipitation shows no correlation with fire frequency or tree recruitment before 1820, significant associations are observed from 1850 to 1950. Moreover, a significant correlation exists between fire frequency and subsequent tree recruitment after 1850, but is not observed during aboriginal times. This suggests that indigenous management fires may have obscured precipitation influences that become apparent only after 1850. In order to test spatial hypotheses concerning the associations between indigenous humans and the landscape, archaeological sites were digitized into a GIS, and ergonomic pathways were modeled between them. These maps are then compared to historically fire-maintained upland meadows interpreted from 1946 aerial photos. A significant spatial correlation was found between archaeological sites and historic meadows, and a highly significant spatial correlation was found between modeled travel networks and historic meadows. The close spatial association between cultural features and fire-maintained habitats again suggests active landscape management by local Indians. These associations are corroborated with historical records. After summarizing the shifts in ecological conditions and describing current conditions, I argue that while restoring the landscape to aboriginal conditions is no longer possible, emulating those conditions within the framework of the Little River Adaptive Management Area Plan can improve the resilience and productivity of the Little River watershed. Title: The ecological legacy of Indian burning practices in southwestern Oregon Author: Carloni, Kenneth R. Two research questions are posed: (1) How have ecosystem conditions changed through time in southwestern Oregon? (2) How have culture-driven and climate-driven processes contributed to ecosystem change in southwestern Oregon? A brief introduction to the Little River study area is followed by a cultural and ecological history of the watershed. Historical, ecological and archaeological data are used to describe shifts in landscape structure, stand structure and fire behavior. Changes in corridor/patch/matrix relationships, increases in stand densities, and changes in stand age and species structure are documented, and changes in fire dynamics from frequent to infrequent, and small to large are corroborated with descriptive statistics from the nearby 2002 Umpqua Fires. Hypotheses are then proposed to test the relative influence of humans vs. climate on landscape change during Aboriginal (<1820) vs. Euroagrarian (1850-1950) cultural phases. While precipitation shows no correlation with fire frequency or tree recruitment before 1820, significant associations are observed from 1850 to 1950. Moreover, a significant correlation exists between fire frequency and subsequent tree recruitment after 1850, but is not observed during aboriginal times. This suggests that indigenous management fires may have obscured precipitation influences that become apparent only after 1850. In order to test spatial hypotheses concerning the associations between indigenous humans and the landscape, archaeological sites were digitized into a GIS, and ergonomic pathways were modeled between them. These maps are then compared to historically fire-maintained upland meadows interpreted from 1946 aerial photos. A significant spatial correlation was found between archaeological sites and historic meadows, and a highly significant spatial correlation was found between modeled travel networks and historic meadows. The close spatial association between cultural features and fire-maintained habitats again suggests active landscape management by local Indians. These associations are corroborated with historical records. After summarizing the shifts in ecological conditions and describing current conditions, I argue that while restoring the landscape to aboriginal conditions is no longer possible, emulating those conditions within the framework of the Little River Adaptive Management Area Plan can improve the resilience and productivity of the Little River watershed. Close