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• 1311. [Article] Essays on the Economics of Telephones and Evolving Technologies

  Telephones have changed dramatically from their introduction to their current form, and done so most significantly since the introduction of cell phones in the 1980s. This has impacted competition in ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Essays on the Economics of Telephones and Evolving Technologies Author: Thacker, Michael Year: 2016 Telephones have changed dramatically from their introduction to their current form, and done so most significantly since the introduction of cell phones in the 1980s. This has impacted competition in the telephony market. I study this competitive impact of cell phones on the landline market through demand analysis in the first two essays; I turn my attention to the smartphone market in the final essay. In the first essay, I examine the effect of cell phones on telephony demand using the Consumer Expenditure Survey. I develop and estimate a model of household choice using a mixed logit as a function of consumer characteristics, unobserved alternative-specific attributes, and prices. My focus is on the evolution through time. I construct market segments and track adoptions. Evidence suggests that the move to cell phones is driven by young and and large housholds. I develop and apply a decomposition of substitutability and find that substitutability differs through time. Cell phone technologies and consumer culture have changed dramatically since 1983, affecting the level of competition in the regulated telephony market. In the second essay, I develop an empirical strategy to estimate changing demand that addresses changing technologies and preferences. I develop a flexible methodology that allows for likelihood-based estimation of a broad class of latent-dependent-variable models with time-varying parameters. Applying my methodology with a logit model and Bayesian methods, I study the evolution of preferences. Consumers have become more price-sensitive, indicating that improvements to cell phones have provided an increasing competitive constraint on landline pricing. In the third essay, I develop a model of the US smartphone industry; consumers demand products according to a random utility model; firms compete in a dynamic oligopoly model; I incorporate supply-side learning. Firms learn demand through time inspired by recursive least squares adaptive learning. Firms choose whether to release new devices and when to remove devices from the market according to expected future profits. I estimate fixed costs in this market, finding a competitive environment with significant fixed costs. Results show large entry costs and scrap values driven by substantial intellectual property related to technology products. Title: Essays on the Economics of Telephones and Evolving Technologies Author: Thacker, Michael Year: 2016 Telephones have changed dramatically from their introduction to their current form, and done so most significantly since the introduction of cell phones in the 1980s. This has impacted competition in the telephony market. I study this competitive impact of cell phones on the landline market through demand analysis in the first two essays; I turn my attention to the smartphone market in the final essay. In the first essay, I examine the effect of cell phones on telephony demand using the Consumer Expenditure Survey. I develop and estimate a model of household choice using a mixed logit as a function of consumer characteristics, unobserved alternative-specific attributes, and prices. My focus is on the evolution through time. I construct market segments and track adoptions. Evidence suggests that the move to cell phones is driven by young and and large housholds. I develop and apply a decomposition of substitutability and find that substitutability differs through time. Cell phone technologies and consumer culture have changed dramatically since 1983, affecting the level of competition in the regulated telephony market. In the second essay, I develop an empirical strategy to estimate changing demand that addresses changing technologies and preferences. I develop a flexible methodology that allows for likelihood-based estimation of a broad class of latent-dependent-variable models with time-varying parameters. Applying my methodology with a logit model and Bayesian methods, I study the evolution of preferences. Consumers have become more price-sensitive, indicating that improvements to cell phones have provided an increasing competitive constraint on landline pricing. In the third essay, I develop a model of the US smartphone industry; consumers demand products according to a random utility model; firms compete in a dynamic oligopoly model; I incorporate supply-side learning. Firms learn demand through time inspired by recursive least squares adaptive learning. Firms choose whether to release new devices and when to remove devices from the market according to expected future profits. I estimate fixed costs in this market, finding a competitive environment with significant fixed costs. Results show large entry costs and scrap values driven by substantial intellectual property related to technology products. Close

• 1312. [Article] READING BODIES: AESTHETICS, GENDER, AND FAMILY IN THE EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY CHINESE NOVEL GUWANGYAN (PREPOSTEROUS WORDS)

  This dissertation focuses on the Mid-Qing novel Guwangyan (Preposterous Words, preface dated, 1730s) which is a newly discovered novel with lots of graphic sexual descriptions. Guwangyan was composed between ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: READING BODIES: AESTHETICS, GENDER, AND FAMILY IN THE EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY CHINESE NOVEL GUWANGYAN (PREPOSTEROUS WORDS) Author: Ye, Qing Year: 2016 This dissertation focuses on the Mid-Qing novel Guwangyan (Preposterous Words, preface dated, 1730s) which is a newly discovered novel with lots of graphic sexual descriptions. Guwangyan was composed between the publication of Jin Ping Mei (The Plum in the Golden Vase, 1617) and Honglou meng (Dream of the Red Chamber, 1791). These two masterpieces represent sexuality and desire by presenting domestic life in polygamous households set within a larger social landscape. This dissertation explores the factors that shifted the literary discourse from the pornographic description of sexuality in Jin Ping Mei, to the representation of chaste love in Honglou meng. This dissertation can be divided into three parts. Part one: Chapter I and II introduce my main approach to interpret the text and the historical and aesthetic context of this novel. Chapter I introduces a large historical background of the late Ming and early Qing China from the aspects of the printing industry, gender politics and the literary criticism. I argue that the blurry boundaries between genres assigned by the May Fourth scholars do not fully satisfy the reading of Guwangyan. My reading, however, scrutinizes the textual body of Guwangyan to explore the material body and body politics demonstrated in the fictional world. Chapter II explains the meaning of the title of the text, the author, commentator, the commentary, and the current studies of Guwangyan. The second part, Chapter III and IV, illustrate a close-reading of the aesthetic body of the text. Chapter III proposes that Guwangyan is a well organized novel which has a carefully designed narrative structure and internal connections among chapters. Chapter IV demonstrates the importance of characterization in the novel. I argue that through a non-polarized yin-yang dichotomy and the yin-zhen contrast, the text demonstrates the uncertainty, transformation, and development of the characters and explores their complicated inner world. The third part, Chapter V and VI, explore two important subjects of Guwangyan, masculinity and the family. Guwangyan represents the male friendship and male same-sex relationship and how they can interact with men’s role in the public and private spheres. Chapter VI broadens the discussion of the family relationship in Guwangyan to include a much larger political landscape. I argue that the latter part of the novel establishes a significant contrast between a realistic representation of political disasters and an idealistic description of family and community unity. Title: READING BODIES: AESTHETICS, GENDER, AND FAMILY IN THE EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY CHINESE NOVEL GUWANGYAN (PREPOSTEROUS WORDS) Author: Ye, Qing Year: 2016 This dissertation focuses on the Mid-Qing novel Guwangyan (Preposterous Words, preface dated, 1730s) which is a newly discovered novel with lots of graphic sexual descriptions. Guwangyan was composed between the publication of Jin Ping Mei (The Plum in the Golden Vase, 1617) and Honglou meng (Dream of the Red Chamber, 1791). These two masterpieces represent sexuality and desire by presenting domestic life in polygamous households set within a larger social landscape. This dissertation explores the factors that shifted the literary discourse from the pornographic description of sexuality in Jin Ping Mei, to the representation of chaste love in Honglou meng. This dissertation can be divided into three parts. Part one: Chapter I and II introduce my main approach to interpret the text and the historical and aesthetic context of this novel. Chapter I introduces a large historical background of the late Ming and early Qing China from the aspects of the printing industry, gender politics and the literary criticism. I argue that the blurry boundaries between genres assigned by the May Fourth scholars do not fully satisfy the reading of Guwangyan. My reading, however, scrutinizes the textual body of Guwangyan to explore the material body and body politics demonstrated in the fictional world. Chapter II explains the meaning of the title of the text, the author, commentator, the commentary, and the current studies of Guwangyan. The second part, Chapter III and IV, illustrate a close-reading of the aesthetic body of the text. Chapter III proposes that Guwangyan is a well organized novel which has a carefully designed narrative structure and internal connections among chapters. Chapter IV demonstrates the importance of characterization in the novel. I argue that through a non-polarized yin-yang dichotomy and the yin-zhen contrast, the text demonstrates the uncertainty, transformation, and development of the characters and explores their complicated inner world. The third part, Chapter V and VI, explore two important subjects of Guwangyan, masculinity and the family. Guwangyan represents the male friendship and male same-sex relationship and how they can interact with men’s role in the public and private spheres. Chapter VI broadens the discussion of the family relationship in Guwangyan to include a much larger political landscape. I argue that the latter part of the novel establishes a significant contrast between a realistic representation of political disasters and an idealistic description of family and community unity. Close

• 1313. [Image] 1998 Nez artist statement

  	My recent works on paper are inspired by alchemical manuscripts. The alchemists documented their labors in enigmatic texts in which chemical procedures, cosmology and myths are woven together into fantastic ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: 1998 Nez artist statement Author: Nez, David Year: 1975 My recent works on paper are inspired by alchemical manuscripts. The alchemists documented their labors in enigmatic texts in which chemical procedures, cosmology and myths are woven together into fantastic allegories. Similarly in my paintings I use imagery of birds, beasts, plants and minerals as symbols of the process of transformation, As an artist I view alchemy as a metaphor for the creative process in which there is progressive transformation and refinement of materials, imagery and ultimately consciousness. In alchemy and art alike the creative imagination is the vital agent of change. The alchemists described their labors as an "art". Like the alchemist I attempt to use physical processes as a mirror of inner experience. The materials become "transmuted" from their initially inert state through creative and chaotic struggle into a new synthesis. In my painting I use physical processes of dissolution, evaporation, heat and gravity which remind me of the alchemist's use of the elements of water, air, fire and earth. Humor is an important element of my work. Likewise humor and paradox were not unknown to the alchemist. The texts abound with cryptic riddles meant to befuddle the literal-minded and catalyze intuitive insight. Hermes, the Greek god of wisdom, was the patron of alchemists and also the trickster who could lead his followers on a search to find "fools gold". Anyone who embarks on a potentially quixotic search to find the elixir of immortality should have plenty of humor and humility to sustain themselves! The homunculus, a human-like creature nurtured in a glass vessel was reputed to have been created in the alchemical laboratory. In the novel "Frankenstein" the renegade doctor studies the writings of Paracelsus, the swiss alchemist, before creating his monster. I see the homunculus as a metaphor for modem technology with all its wonders and potential horrors. The series of "Homunculus" sculptures which utilize remnants of household appliances and found objects explores this theme in a whimsical fashion. The alchemist searched for the "gold of the philosophers"-philosophical wisdom. In their pursuit of nature's secrets they combined scientific experimentation with a mystical quest for illumination. Their holistic view of the universe viewed matter and consciousness as a continuum, anticipating recent developments in physics. Alchemy is the ancestor of modem science; perhaps there is something that can be learned from its legacy? I am inspired artistically by the beauty of the texts and their insights into the mysteries of creation. Hopefully my own fanciful creations convey something of the spirit of that tradition. (Nez, 1998) Title: 1998 Nez artist statement Author: Nez, David Year: 1975 My recent works on paper are inspired by alchemical manuscripts. The alchemists documented their labors in enigmatic texts in which chemical procedures, cosmology and myths are woven together into fantastic allegories. Similarly in my paintings I use imagery of birds, beasts, plants and minerals as symbols of the process of transformation, As an artist I view alchemy as a metaphor for the creative process in which there is progressive transformation and refinement of materials, imagery and ultimately consciousness. In alchemy and art alike the creative imagination is the vital agent of change. The alchemists described their labors as an "art". Like the alchemist I attempt to use physical processes as a mirror of inner experience. The materials become "transmuted" from their initially inert state through creative and chaotic struggle into a new synthesis. In my painting I use physical processes of dissolution, evaporation, heat and gravity which remind me of the alchemist's use of the elements of water, air, fire and earth. Humor is an important element of my work. Likewise humor and paradox were not unknown to the alchemist. The texts abound with cryptic riddles meant to befuddle the literal-minded and catalyze intuitive insight. Hermes, the Greek god of wisdom, was the patron of alchemists and also the trickster who could lead his followers on a search to find "fools gold". Anyone who embarks on a potentially quixotic search to find the elixir of immortality should have plenty of humor and humility to sustain themselves! The homunculus, a human-like creature nurtured in a glass vessel was reputed to have been created in the alchemical laboratory. In the novel "Frankenstein" the renegade doctor studies the writings of Paracelsus, the swiss alchemist, before creating his monster. I see the homunculus as a metaphor for modem technology with all its wonders and potential horrors. The series of "Homunculus" sculptures which utilize remnants of household appliances and found objects explores this theme in a whimsical fashion. The alchemist searched for the "gold of the philosophers"-philosophical wisdom. In their pursuit of nature's secrets they combined scientific experimentation with a mystical quest for illumination. Their holistic view of the universe viewed matter and consciousness as a continuum, anticipating recent developments in physics. Alchemy is the ancestor of modem science; perhaps there is something that can be learned from its legacy? I am inspired artistically by the beauty of the texts and their insights into the mysteries of creation. Hopefully my own fanciful creations convey something of the spirit of that tradition. (Nez, 1998) Close

• 1314. [Article] Trauma, posttraumatic symptoms, and health in Hawaii: Gender, ethnicity, and social context

  xv, 134 p. : ill. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Trauma, posttraumatic symptoms, and health in Hawaii: Gender, ethnicity, and social context Author: Klest, Bridget K. (Bridget Kristen) Year: 2011, 2010 xv, 134 p. : ill. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number. Title: Trauma, posttraumatic symptoms, and health in Hawaii: Gender, ethnicity, and social context Author: Klest, Bridget K. (Bridget Kristen) Year: 2011, 2010 xv, 134 p. : ill. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number. Close

• 1315. [Article] Off to the (labor) market: Women, work, and welfare reform in 21st century American cities

  xvi, 307 p. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Off to the (labor) market: Women, work, and welfare reform in 21st century American cities Author: Haney, Timothy James, 1980- Year: 2010, 2009 xvi, 307 p. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number. Title: Off to the (labor) market: Women, work, and welfare reform in 21st century American cities Author: Haney, Timothy James, 1980- Year: 2010, 2009 xvi, 307 p. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number. Close

• 1316. [Article] Three essays on Mexican migration to the United States

  xiii, 97 p. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Three essays on Mexican migration to the United States Author: Haraguchi, Kelii H., 1980- Year: 2009, 2008 xiii, 97 p. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number. Title: Three essays on Mexican migration to the United States Author: Haraguchi, Kelii H., 1980- Year: 2009, 2008 xiii, 97 p. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number. Close

• 1317. [Article] Cooking up modernity: Culinary reformers and the making of consumer culture, 1876--1916

  vii, 237 p. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Cooking up modernity: Culinary reformers and the making of consumer culture, 1876--1916 Author: Shintani, Kiyoshi Year: 2009, 2008 vii, 237 p. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number. Title: Cooking up modernity: Culinary reformers and the making of consumer culture, 1876--1916 Author: Shintani, Kiyoshi Year: 2009, 2008 vii, 237 p. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number. Close

• 1318. [Article] Presence and pathogenicity of Fusarium and Verticillium species in commercial red radish (Raphanus sativus) seed production in the Willamette Valley of Oregon

  Commercial radish seed producers in the Willamette Valley of Oregon have observed a late season wilt in their seed fields. Twenty-two fields were surveyed for wilt in the Willamette Valley during June ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Presence and pathogenicity of Fusarium and Verticillium species in commercial red radish (Raphanus sativus) seed production in the Willamette Valley of Oregon Author: Bomberger, Rachel A. Commercial radish seed producers in the Willamette Valley of Oregon have observed a late season wilt in their seed fields. Twenty-two fields were surveyed for wilt in the Willamette Valley during June through August 2012 and 2013. Plants exhibiting wilt symptoms were collected from the fields and examined for vascular discoloration in the storage root; isolations were made when discolored vascular tissue was found. In 2012, Fusarium species were recovered from 11% of the 440 plants examined, while V. dahliae (=V. longisporium) was recovered from 0.2% of the 440 plants. In 2013, Fusarium and Verticillium species were recovered from 24% and 0.7% of plants, respectively. Greenhouse studies conducted in 2013 with 11 isolates of F. oxysporum, as well as one V. dahliae, and one F. solani, obtained from discolored storage roots in 2012, showed that all isolates evaluated have a degree of pathogenicity on red radish seedlings. This study confirms the presence of pathogenic V. dahliae and F. oxysporum in commercial radish seed fields in the Willamette Valley of Oregon. This is the first report of F. solani causing wilt symptoms on radish. Some Fusarium and Verticillium species, including the species responsible for radish wilt in the Willamette Valley, have been found to seed-borne. Fusarium species were recovered from 0.352% of inbred stock seed treated with a 30 second dip in a 10% household bleach solution [0.006% NaClO] and 2.000% of nontreated stock seed while, no V. dahliae was recovered from stock seed surveyed when seeds were embedded in streptomycin amended Nash-Snyder and water agar mediums. Fusarium proliferatum and F. oxysporum accounted for 59% and 29% of the Fusarium species recovered from seed. Four strains of F. proliferatum and 3 F. oxysporum were evaluated in greenhouse studies during 2013 and all strains tested caused disease on red radish seedlings. To more closely examine the link between wilting seed parent plants and the hybrid daughter seed they produce we surveyed the daughter seed of 35 randomly selected, commercially-grown radish seed parent plants with wilt in addition to the daughter seed of plants where Fusarium or Verticillium species were recovered from vascular discolorations in the storage root. Fusarium oxysporum was recovered from 12% of seed surveyed, while F. culmorum and F. sambucinum were recovered from 0.6% and 0.9%, respectively, of daughter seed surveyed. Forty-two percent of F. oxysporum strains recovered from daughter seed came from parent plants from which F. oxysporum was recovered from discolored vascular tissue. This study confirms that F. oxysporum can be associated with red radish seed and can be vertically transmitted. This is the first report of F. proliferatum as a pathogen on red radish and can be associated with seed. Title: Presence and pathogenicity of Fusarium and Verticillium species in commercial red radish (Raphanus sativus) seed production in the Willamette Valley of Oregon Author: Bomberger, Rachel A. Commercial radish seed producers in the Willamette Valley of Oregon have observed a late season wilt in their seed fields. Twenty-two fields were surveyed for wilt in the Willamette Valley during June through August 2012 and 2013. Plants exhibiting wilt symptoms were collected from the fields and examined for vascular discoloration in the storage root; isolations were made when discolored vascular tissue was found. In 2012, Fusarium species were recovered from 11% of the 440 plants examined, while V. dahliae (=V. longisporium) was recovered from 0.2% of the 440 plants. In 2013, Fusarium and Verticillium species were recovered from 24% and 0.7% of plants, respectively. Greenhouse studies conducted in 2013 with 11 isolates of F. oxysporum, as well as one V. dahliae, and one F. solani, obtained from discolored storage roots in 2012, showed that all isolates evaluated have a degree of pathogenicity on red radish seedlings. This study confirms the presence of pathogenic V. dahliae and F. oxysporum in commercial radish seed fields in the Willamette Valley of Oregon. This is the first report of F. solani causing wilt symptoms on radish. Some Fusarium and Verticillium species, including the species responsible for radish wilt in the Willamette Valley, have been found to seed-borne. Fusarium species were recovered from 0.352% of inbred stock seed treated with a 30 second dip in a 10% household bleach solution [0.006% NaClO] and 2.000% of nontreated stock seed while, no V. dahliae was recovered from stock seed surveyed when seeds were embedded in streptomycin amended Nash-Snyder and water agar mediums. Fusarium proliferatum and F. oxysporum accounted for 59% and 29% of the Fusarium species recovered from seed. Four strains of F. proliferatum and 3 F. oxysporum were evaluated in greenhouse studies during 2013 and all strains tested caused disease on red radish seedlings. To more closely examine the link between wilting seed parent plants and the hybrid daughter seed they produce we surveyed the daughter seed of 35 randomly selected, commercially-grown radish seed parent plants with wilt in addition to the daughter seed of plants where Fusarium or Verticillium species were recovered from vascular discolorations in the storage root. Fusarium oxysporum was recovered from 12% of seed surveyed, while F. culmorum and F. sambucinum were recovered from 0.6% and 0.9%, respectively, of daughter seed surveyed. Forty-two percent of F. oxysporum strains recovered from daughter seed came from parent plants from which F. oxysporum was recovered from discolored vascular tissue. This study confirms that F. oxysporum can be associated with red radish seed and can be vertically transmitted. This is the first report of F. proliferatum as a pathogen on red radish and can be associated with seed. Close

• 1319. [Article] Management and Value Chain of Nile Tilapia Cultured in Ponds of Small-scale Farmers in Morogoro Region, Tanzania

  This is part of the IIFET Special Session on Markets and Value Chains for Small Aquaculture & Fisheries Enterprises with a Focus on Gender that took place on 17 July 2012 in Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania in ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Management and Value Chain of Nile Tilapia Cultured in Ponds of Small-scale Farmers in Morogoro Region, Tanzania Author: Mnembuka, Berno, Chenyambuga, Sebastian Wilson, Madalla, Nazael This is part of the IIFET Special Session on Markets and Value Chains for Small Aquaculture & Fisheries Enterprises with a Focus on Gender that took place on 17 July 2012 in Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania in conjunction with 16th IIFET Conference. The complete proceedings of this special session are available (http://aquafishcrsp.oregonstate.edu/Documents/Uploads/FileManager/IIFET%202012%20CRSP%20Session%20Proceedings%20Final_small.pdf) through the Aquaculture & Fisheries Collaborative Research Support Program gender web site, (http://aquafishcrsp.oregonstate.edu/Gender/). Title: Management and Value Chain of Nile Tilapia Cultured in Ponds of Small-scale Farmers in Morogoro Region, Tanzania Author: Mnembuka, Berno, Chenyambuga, Sebastian Wilson, Madalla, Nazael This is part of the IIFET Special Session on Markets and Value Chains for Small Aquaculture & Fisheries Enterprises with a Focus on Gender that took place on 17 July 2012 in Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania in conjunction with 16th IIFET Conference. The complete proceedings of this special session are available (http://aquafishcrsp.oregonstate.edu/Documents/Uploads/FileManager/IIFET%202012%20CRSP%20Session%20Proceedings%20Final_small.pdf) through the Aquaculture & Fisheries Collaborative Research Support Program gender web site, (http://aquafishcrsp.oregonstate.edu/Gender/). Close

• 1320. [Article] Tourism and community perceptions : an examination of Mount St. Helens' tourism as perceived by local residents

  Since the eruption of Mount St. Helens on May 18,1980, the rural communities within its shadow have experienced tremendous change. Tourism has become a highly visible and somewhat controversial component ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Tourism and community perceptions : an examination of Mount St. Helens' tourism as perceived by local residents Author: Baker, Randal G. Since the eruption of Mount St. Helens on May 18,1980, the rural communities within its shadow have experienced tremendous change. Tourism has become a highly visible and somewhat controversial component of change in the region, and its importance to local economies has increased. As a result of increased tourism development in these small communities conflict and competition for available resources, goods and services has steadily increased. Thus, management agencies and development planners have become increasingly concerned with attitudes and overall receptiveness of host populations toward further tourism development. Since its eruption Mount St. Helens has attracted millions of tourists to southwest Washington State. County, state and federal governments have spent millions of dollars in developing the region for tourism. The seasonal influx of visitors has a tremendous physical, economic and social impact upon the rural timber communities which neighbor the volcano. Communities which once catered to the needs of hunters, fishermen and other outdoor recreationists, are scrambling to satisfy the demands of tourists seeking to view the devastation. This research was designed to measure the attitudes and perceptions of those residents living in the rural communities near the Mount St. Helens National Volcanic Monument toward tourism. Perceptions of the volcanic hazards associated with living near a volcano and the influence of those hazards on tourism were also surveyed. The research utilized informal interviews and a comprehensive questionnaire to develop a body of original data on resident perception of tourism's impact on their community. As the case study areas for this investigation, three communities located along the primary highways entering the monument were selected. Excluding differences in population, these unincorporated communities share similar economies, social attributes and physical characteristics. Questionnaires were mailed to over 1,000 households within the three communities. A combined response rate of 53% was achieved using the Diliman's Total Design Method (TDM). A variety of statistical techniques, including item analysis, rank score, chi-square and factor analysis, were used to analyze the data. Perhaps the single most important finding from the study was the general prevalence of positive attitudes toward tourism in all three communities. These optimistic attitudes were attributed to the nascent stage of tourism development coinciding with decades of exposure to recreationists and nature seeking tourists. A correlation between the residents' age and their perception of tourism was also identified. Tolerance levels varied from community to community. Attitudes and perceptions of tourism were most optimistic among the older residents. Cultural exchange between residents and tourists, and other economic rewards were the most predominant tourism benefits identified by respondents. Tourism was blamed for increased congestion on local highways and overcrowding in stores, restaurants and community parks. Future tourism development appears to be inevitable, and in some instances even desirable within the study communities. Due to the frequency of contact between residents and tourists, tourism planners, managers and public officials need to recognize the perceptions and attitudes of local residents, and incorporate them into regional development plans and management policies if tourism is to be successful. Title: Tourism and community perceptions : an examination of Mount St. Helens' tourism as perceived by local residents Author: Baker, Randal G. Since the eruption of Mount St. Helens on May 18,1980, the rural communities within its shadow have experienced tremendous change. Tourism has become a highly visible and somewhat controversial component of change in the region, and its importance to local economies has increased. As a result of increased tourism development in these small communities conflict and competition for available resources, goods and services has steadily increased. Thus, management agencies and development planners have become increasingly concerned with attitudes and overall receptiveness of host populations toward further tourism development. Since its eruption Mount St. Helens has attracted millions of tourists to southwest Washington State. County, state and federal governments have spent millions of dollars in developing the region for tourism. The seasonal influx of visitors has a tremendous physical, economic and social impact upon the rural timber communities which neighbor the volcano. Communities which once catered to the needs of hunters, fishermen and other outdoor recreationists, are scrambling to satisfy the demands of tourists seeking to view the devastation. This research was designed to measure the attitudes and perceptions of those residents living in the rural communities near the Mount St. Helens National Volcanic Monument toward tourism. Perceptions of the volcanic hazards associated with living near a volcano and the influence of those hazards on tourism were also surveyed. The research utilized informal interviews and a comprehensive questionnaire to develop a body of original data on resident perception of tourism's impact on their community. As the case study areas for this investigation, three communities located along the primary highways entering the monument were selected. Excluding differences in population, these unincorporated communities share similar economies, social attributes and physical characteristics. Questionnaires were mailed to over 1,000 households within the three communities. A combined response rate of 53% was achieved using the Diliman's Total Design Method (TDM). A variety of statistical techniques, including item analysis, rank score, chi-square and factor analysis, were used to analyze the data. Perhaps the single most important finding from the study was the general prevalence of positive attitudes toward tourism in all three communities. These optimistic attitudes were attributed to the nascent stage of tourism development coinciding with decades of exposure to recreationists and nature seeking tourists. A correlation between the residents' age and their perception of tourism was also identified. Tolerance levels varied from community to community. Attitudes and perceptions of tourism were most optimistic among the older residents. Cultural exchange between residents and tourists, and other economic rewards were the most predominant tourism benefits identified by respondents. Tourism was blamed for increased congestion on local highways and overcrowding in stores, restaurants and community parks. Future tourism development appears to be inevitable, and in some instances even desirable within the study communities. Due to the frequency of contact between residents and tourists, tourism planners, managers and public officials need to recognize the perceptions and attitudes of local residents, and incorporate them into regional development plans and management policies if tourism is to be successful. Close