Search

Search Results

• 2501. [Article] Effectiveness Monitoring Report for the Western Oregon Stream Restoration Program, 1999-2008 Report Number: OPSW-ODFW-2010-6

  Abstract -- State and federal agencies have invested millions of dollars to restore streams and watersheds in the Pacific Northwest over the past two decades. In Oregon alone, over 500 million dollars ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Effectiveness Monitoring Report for the Western Oregon Stream Restoration Program, 1999-2008 Report Number: OPSW-ODFW-2010-6 Abstract -- State and federal agencies have invested millions of dollars to restore streams and watersheds in the Pacific Northwest over the past two decades. In Oregon alone, over 500 million dollars has been spent on completed projects from 1995 to 2007 (Oregon Watershed Enhancement Board 2009). Restoration practitioners have distributed the investment among watershed scale activities such as road repair, dam removal, and upland management, and stream scale activities such as passage, instream complexity, and riparian plantings. The Western Oregon Stream Restoration Program (WOSRP) was established to work in cooperation with private and corporate landowners to restore stream habitat for juvenile and adult salmonids. In addition to the WOSRP, the Oregon Watershed Enhancement Board (OWEB) funds restoration projects with local watershed councils, who commonly partner with state and federal agencies. Eight WOSRP restoration biologists in Tillamook, Newport, Charleston, Gold Beach, Roseburg, Clackamas, and Salem select sites and implement projects consistent with the criteria described in Thom et al (2001). A monitoring component is integrated in the program, with surveys coordinated and reported by a biologist in Corvallis. The goal of the monitoring program is to assess the long term effectiveness of instream restoration projects implemented by WOSRP, and to evaluate progress towards salmon conservation and recovery goals in Oregon’s coastal basins. The WOSRP restoration sites are distributed throughout the Willamette, Lower Columbia, and coastal drainage's. Restoration treatments added large wood and/or boulders, improved fish passage, planted trees in riparian areas, or were a combination of the three. Large wood was placed in complex jams at intervals throughout the stream to increase stream roughness and complexity. Boulders were sometimes used in conjunction with wood jams to provide stability to the structures, and prevent large wood from moving downstream and posing a hazard to culverts and bridges. Bedrock dominated streams were often treated with boulders to collect gravel and cobble, intended to aggrade the streambed. In the future, large wood may be added to these streams. Fish passage projects opened previously inaccessible habitat to juvenile and/or adult salmonids while riparian plantings and fencing were designed to improve riparian vegetation and bank structure. The project length varied from site to site. Fish passage sites were quite short, but provided access to kilometers of fish habitat, and large wood sites were up to several kilometers in length. Large wood and boulder placement projects have become commonplace in the Pacific Northwest to restore complex stream habitat for juvenile coho and other salmonids (Katz et al. 2007, Roni et al. 2008). Detailed assessments have been published for individual projects or experiments (e.g. Moore and Gregory, 1988, Nickelson et al. 1992, Cederholm et al.1997). More extensive evaluations have used a post treatment design (Hicks et al 1991, Roni and Quinn 2001), but none have used a pre- and post treatment design. In this paper we evaluate habitat changes at 103 restoration projects in western Oregon from pre-treatment to one year post treatment to 6 years following treatment. Projects commonly treated 0.5 – 1 km of stream, but some extended up to 6 km. The projects we evaluated in this paper were treated with large logs, usually arranged in jams, and were not cabled or driven into banks or bottom. As of 2008, the OWEB and WOSRP projects have treated approximately 750 km of stream with large wood (Figure 1), 120 km with boulders, and over 4,000 km of stream have been made accessible by replacing and/or removing culverts. Each year, OWEB receives 210 grant applications for restoration projects. These projects generally adhere to a similar selection process and design, so the results of this study can be expected to apply more broadly within the Pacific Northwest. Roni et al (2008), in a synthesis paper, summarized many of the potential physical benefits of restoration; these include pool depth and frequency, habitat complexity, woody debris, and sediment retention and quality of spawning gravel. Some projects in deeply incised channels have reduced the incision and increased bed elevation. Evaluations of biological responses have been confounded by natural variability of populations, duration of study, or length of stream examined. For example, determination of success based on spawning ground counts is problematic because of variation in ocean survival. However, longer duration and watershed scale studies have shown positive responses of juvenile and adult salmon (Johnson et al 2005). Burnett et al. (2008) conducted a systematic review of peer-reviewed articles to examine the effects of large wood placement on salmonid abundance, growth, or survival, or on overall stream habitat complexity. Few publications were both relevant and met the rigorous standards outlined in their review. Although the review supported short term improvements in habitat complexity, the relationship to salmonid productivity was less definitive. Notable exceptions included Johnson et al. (2005) cited above, and Solazzi et al. (2000). An alternative approach to directly assessing biological response is to model potential changes in abundance or productivity. The Habitat Limiting Factors Model (Reeves et al. 1989, Nickelson et al.1992a, Nickelson 1998) was developed to quantify the carrying capacity of coastal streams for juvenile coho during the summer and winter. Use of this model is appropriate because most of the instream restoration projects in western Oregon were intended to improve habitat for juvenile coho. In this paper, we evaluated the physical response directly, and quantified the potential response of juvenile coho salmon by application of the Habitat Limiting Factors Model. Project effectiveness monitoring requires linking the restoration treatment to improved physical conditions for and biological response of salmon (Katz et al. 2007) and defining desired outcomes (Rumps et al. 2007). Because the WOSRP projects were designed to improve ecological and hydrologic stream function specifically for salmonids, we evaluated 1) retention of wood structures, 2) natural recruitment of additional wood, 3) increase in pool number, area, and depth, 4) retention of gravels and sorting of finer substrates, and 5) increase in channel complexity – secondary channels and off-channel habitats. Biological evaluation was based on estimates of the potential carrying capacity for juvenile coho during the overwinter life stage. The primary objectives of this evaluation are to test for these changes one year following treatment and 6 years following treatment. Secondarily, we evaluated the response of the projects by geographic location and position along the stream network. Previous WOSRP monitoring reports (e.g. Jacobsen and Jones 2003, Jacobsen et al. 2007) have focused on conditions one year following treatment, with relatively few sites assessed 2-3 years following restoration. Since 2003, the restoration projects have increased in complexity – more and larger pieces and jams, and treated more kilometers of stream length per site. The WOSRP program has provided a unique opportunity to evaluate the effects of restoration projects over longer times and broader geographic scales than previously feasible. We have been surveying the restoration sites in both summer and winter to monitor changes in stream habitat and evaluate the success of treatments, such as the placement of wood and/or boulders and fish passage. Surveys are logistically easier to manage in the summer, but surveys conducted during the winter provide a more timely and accurate assessment of over-winter rearing potential for juvenile coho. Because we have paired surveys, we are able to assess the added value of revisits across seasons. We test the hypothesis that habitat characteristics at the restoration sites do not change from summer to winter. The findings permit us to modify the survey program if the information is duplicative, and use the resources in another fashion. Title: Effectiveness Monitoring Report for the Western Oregon Stream Restoration Program, 1999-2008 Report Number: OPSW-ODFW-2010-6 Abstract -- State and federal agencies have invested millions of dollars to restore streams and watersheds in the Pacific Northwest over the past two decades. In Oregon alone, over 500 million dollars has been spent on completed projects from 1995 to 2007 (Oregon Watershed Enhancement Board 2009). Restoration practitioners have distributed the investment among watershed scale activities such as road repair, dam removal, and upland management, and stream scale activities such as passage, instream complexity, and riparian plantings. The Western Oregon Stream Restoration Program (WOSRP) was established to work in cooperation with private and corporate landowners to restore stream habitat for juvenile and adult salmonids. In addition to the WOSRP, the Oregon Watershed Enhancement Board (OWEB) funds restoration projects with local watershed councils, who commonly partner with state and federal agencies. Eight WOSRP restoration biologists in Tillamook, Newport, Charleston, Gold Beach, Roseburg, Clackamas, and Salem select sites and implement projects consistent with the criteria described in Thom et al (2001). A monitoring component is integrated in the program, with surveys coordinated and reported by a biologist in Corvallis. The goal of the monitoring program is to assess the long term effectiveness of instream restoration projects implemented by WOSRP, and to evaluate progress towards salmon conservation and recovery goals in Oregon’s coastal basins. The WOSRP restoration sites are distributed throughout the Willamette, Lower Columbia, and coastal drainage's. Restoration treatments added large wood and/or boulders, improved fish passage, planted trees in riparian areas, or were a combination of the three. Large wood was placed in complex jams at intervals throughout the stream to increase stream roughness and complexity. Boulders were sometimes used in conjunction with wood jams to provide stability to the structures, and prevent large wood from moving downstream and posing a hazard to culverts and bridges. Bedrock dominated streams were often treated with boulders to collect gravel and cobble, intended to aggrade the streambed. In the future, large wood may be added to these streams. Fish passage projects opened previously inaccessible habitat to juvenile and/or adult salmonids while riparian plantings and fencing were designed to improve riparian vegetation and bank structure. The project length varied from site to site. Fish passage sites were quite short, but provided access to kilometers of fish habitat, and large wood sites were up to several kilometers in length. Large wood and boulder placement projects have become commonplace in the Pacific Northwest to restore complex stream habitat for juvenile coho and other salmonids (Katz et al. 2007, Roni et al. 2008). Detailed assessments have been published for individual projects or experiments (e.g. Moore and Gregory, 1988, Nickelson et al. 1992, Cederholm et al.1997). More extensive evaluations have used a post treatment design (Hicks et al 1991, Roni and Quinn 2001), but none have used a pre- and post treatment design. In this paper we evaluate habitat changes at 103 restoration projects in western Oregon from pre-treatment to one year post treatment to 6 years following treatment. Projects commonly treated 0.5 – 1 km of stream, but some extended up to 6 km. The projects we evaluated in this paper were treated with large logs, usually arranged in jams, and were not cabled or driven into banks or bottom. As of 2008, the OWEB and WOSRP projects have treated approximately 750 km of stream with large wood (Figure 1), 120 km with boulders, and over 4,000 km of stream have been made accessible by replacing and/or removing culverts. Each year, OWEB receives 210 grant applications for restoration projects. These projects generally adhere to a similar selection process and design, so the results of this study can be expected to apply more broadly within the Pacific Northwest. Roni et al (2008), in a synthesis paper, summarized many of the potential physical benefits of restoration; these include pool depth and frequency, habitat complexity, woody debris, and sediment retention and quality of spawning gravel. Some projects in deeply incised channels have reduced the incision and increased bed elevation. Evaluations of biological responses have been confounded by natural variability of populations, duration of study, or length of stream examined. For example, determination of success based on spawning ground counts is problematic because of variation in ocean survival. However, longer duration and watershed scale studies have shown positive responses of juvenile and adult salmon (Johnson et al 2005). Burnett et al. (2008) conducted a systematic review of peer-reviewed articles to examine the effects of large wood placement on salmonid abundance, growth, or survival, or on overall stream habitat complexity. Few publications were both relevant and met the rigorous standards outlined in their review. Although the review supported short term improvements in habitat complexity, the relationship to salmonid productivity was less definitive. Notable exceptions included Johnson et al. (2005) cited above, and Solazzi et al. (2000). An alternative approach to directly assessing biological response is to model potential changes in abundance or productivity. The Habitat Limiting Factors Model (Reeves et al. 1989, Nickelson et al.1992a, Nickelson 1998) was developed to quantify the carrying capacity of coastal streams for juvenile coho during the summer and winter. Use of this model is appropriate because most of the instream restoration projects in western Oregon were intended to improve habitat for juvenile coho. In this paper, we evaluated the physical response directly, and quantified the potential response of juvenile coho salmon by application of the Habitat Limiting Factors Model. Project effectiveness monitoring requires linking the restoration treatment to improved physical conditions for and biological response of salmon (Katz et al. 2007) and defining desired outcomes (Rumps et al. 2007). Because the WOSRP projects were designed to improve ecological and hydrologic stream function specifically for salmonids, we evaluated 1) retention of wood structures, 2) natural recruitment of additional wood, 3) increase in pool number, area, and depth, 4) retention of gravels and sorting of finer substrates, and 5) increase in channel complexity – secondary channels and off-channel habitats. Biological evaluation was based on estimates of the potential carrying capacity for juvenile coho during the overwinter life stage. The primary objectives of this evaluation are to test for these changes one year following treatment and 6 years following treatment. Secondarily, we evaluated the response of the projects by geographic location and position along the stream network. Previous WOSRP monitoring reports (e.g. Jacobsen and Jones 2003, Jacobsen et al. 2007) have focused on conditions one year following treatment, with relatively few sites assessed 2-3 years following restoration. Since 2003, the restoration projects have increased in complexity – more and larger pieces and jams, and treated more kilometers of stream length per site. The WOSRP program has provided a unique opportunity to evaluate the effects of restoration projects over longer times and broader geographic scales than previously feasible. We have been surveying the restoration sites in both summer and winter to monitor changes in stream habitat and evaluate the success of treatments, such as the placement of wood and/or boulders and fish passage. Surveys are logistically easier to manage in the summer, but surveys conducted during the winter provide a more timely and accurate assessment of over-winter rearing potential for juvenile coho. Because we have paired surveys, we are able to assess the added value of revisits across seasons. We test the hypothesis that habitat characteristics at the restoration sites do not change from summer to winter. The findings permit us to modify the survey program if the information is duplicative, and use the resources in another fashion. Close

• 2502. [Article] Abundance Monitoring of Juvenile Salmonids In Coastal Oregon and Lower Columbia Streams, 2010 Report Number: OPSW-ODFW-2011-1

  Abstract -- This report provides a summary of results from summer juvenile salmonid surveys conducted on the Oregon coast and lower Columbia River in 2010. Coho density metrics were higher in the Oregon ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Abundance Monitoring of Juvenile Salmonids In Coastal Oregon and Lower Columbia Streams, 2010 Report Number: OPSW-ODFW-2011-1 Abstract -- This report provides a summary of results from summer juvenile salmonid surveys conducted on the Oregon coast and lower Columbia River in 2010. Coho density metrics were higher in the Oregon Coast coho ESU than in the Southern Oregon Northern California coho ESU and the Lower Columbia coho ESU, which were similar. Occupancy metrics were highest in the Oregon Coast ESU, intermediate in the Southern Oregon Northern California coho ESU and lowest in the lower Columbia coho ESU. Within the Oregon Coast Coho ESU the Mid South Monitoring Area metrics were similar to the average since 1998, while the North Coast and Mid Coast were higher and the Umpqua was lower. Juvenile steelhead estimates were comparable to previous years in all DPSs, with steelhead the most abundant and widespread in the Klamath Mountains Province. As suggested by the results of the Smith River Verification Study in 2010 the maximum depth of survey pool size criteria was lowered from =40 cm to =20 cm. Data which included these smaller pools was analyzed separately to facilitate the comparison of density and occupancy metrics to previous years. Analyses which included smaller pools did not produce significant differences in fish/m², pool occupancy or pool population estimates. Site occupancies increased slightly in the Mid-Coast MA and decreased in the Umpqua MA. Title: Abundance Monitoring of Juvenile Salmonids In Coastal Oregon and Lower Columbia Streams, 2010 Report Number: OPSW-ODFW-2011-1 Abstract -- This report provides a summary of results from summer juvenile salmonid surveys conducted on the Oregon coast and lower Columbia River in 2010. Coho density metrics were higher in the Oregon Coast coho ESU than in the Southern Oregon Northern California coho ESU and the Lower Columbia coho ESU, which were similar. Occupancy metrics were highest in the Oregon Coast ESU, intermediate in the Southern Oregon Northern California coho ESU and lowest in the lower Columbia coho ESU. Within the Oregon Coast Coho ESU the Mid South Monitoring Area metrics were similar to the average since 1998, while the North Coast and Mid Coast were higher and the Umpqua was lower. Juvenile steelhead estimates were comparable to previous years in all DPSs, with steelhead the most abundant and widespread in the Klamath Mountains Province. As suggested by the results of the Smith River Verification Study in 2010 the maximum depth of survey pool size criteria was lowered from =40 cm to =20 cm. Data which included these smaller pools was analyzed separately to facilitate the comparison of density and occupancy metrics to previous years. Analyses which included smaller pools did not produce significant differences in fish/m², pool occupancy or pool population estimates. Site occupancies increased slightly in the Mid-Coast MA and decreased in the Umpqua MA. Close

• 2503. [Article] Juvenile Salmonid Monitoring In Coastal Oregon and Lower Columbia Streams, 2011 Report Number: OPSW-ODFW-2012-1

  Abstract -- This report provides a summary of results from juvenile coho and steelhead surveys conducted on the Oregon coast and lower Columbia River in 2011 and an analysis of these results relative to ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Juvenile Salmonid Monitoring In Coastal Oregon and Lower Columbia Streams, 2011 Report Number: OPSW-ODFW-2012-1 Abstract -- This report provides a summary of results from juvenile coho and steelhead surveys conducted on the Oregon coast and lower Columbia River in 2011 and an analysis of these results relative to previous years. Distribution measures are given specific to species and include site occupancy (the percent of sites with fish present) and pool occupancy (average percent of pools with fish) for the Monitoring Area (MA), Evolutionarily Significant Unit (ESU) or Distinct Population Segment (DPS). Abundance measures are also specific to species and include the average density of fish in pools for each MA, ESU and DPS and population estimates in pools extrapolated to MA, ESU and DPS scale. Prior reports can be found at http://nrimp.dfw.state.or.us/crl/default.aspx?pn=WORP. Oregon Coast Coho (OCC) ESU density and pool population estimates for 2011 were higher than in 1998-2000, but similar to 2001-2010. Coho site occupancies in 2011 were the highest since sampling began in 1998. We observed a small, but positive trend in the site occupancy and pool population estimates for coho across the ESU from 1998 to 2011. Density and occupancy metrics were higher in each MA than the average condition from 1998 – 2010. Southern Oregon Northern California Coho (SONCC) ESU density estimates in 2011 were similar to 2009-2010, but lower than the estimate for 2008. Pool population estimates were similar to the average from 1998-2010, but lower than in 2008. Pool occupancy was similar to the average from 1998-2010. Site occupancy in 2011 was slightly below the average from 1998-2010. No increasing or decreasing trends were detected for the ESU. Lower Columbia River (LCR) coho density, pool population, and pool occupancy estimates for 2011 were similar to previous years. Site occupancy in 2011 was slightly below the average site occupancy from 2006 – 2010. No increasing or decreasing trends were detected for the ESU. Coho density estimates were higher in the OCC than the SONCC and the LCR, which were similar. Occupancy metrics were highest in the OCC, intermediate in the SONCC, and lowest in the LCR. Juvenile steelhead density, pool population and pool occupancy estimates from 2011 were comparable to previous years in all DPSs. Site occupancies for the Oregon Coast DPS in 2011 were the highest since sampling began. Steelhead were more abundant and widespread in the Klamath Mountains Province than the Oregon Coast, Southwest WA or Lower Columbia River DPSs, which had similar density metrics. Steelhead in the Oregon Coast DPS were more widespread then in either Columbia River DPSs. In accordance with the findings of the Smith River Verification Study (Constable and Suring in prep.) we lowered our pool depth criteria to include pools that are =20 cm in maximum depth. This change was made in survey year 2010 and continued in 2011. Data which included these smaller pools was analyzed separately to facilitate the comparison of density and occupancy metrics to previous years. Analyses which included smaller pools produced higher site occupancies for coho in the Mid Coast and Umpqua and for steelhead in the Mid Coast, Mid South Coast, Umpqua MAs and the Klamath Mountains and Southwest Washington DPSs. Pool population estimates also increased with the addition of the smaller pools. Title: Juvenile Salmonid Monitoring In Coastal Oregon and Lower Columbia Streams, 2011 Report Number: OPSW-ODFW-2012-1 Abstract -- This report provides a summary of results from juvenile coho and steelhead surveys conducted on the Oregon coast and lower Columbia River in 2011 and an analysis of these results relative to previous years. Distribution measures are given specific to species and include site occupancy (the percent of sites with fish present) and pool occupancy (average percent of pools with fish) for the Monitoring Area (MA), Evolutionarily Significant Unit (ESU) or Distinct Population Segment (DPS). Abundance measures are also specific to species and include the average density of fish in pools for each MA, ESU and DPS and population estimates in pools extrapolated to MA, ESU and DPS scale. Prior reports can be found at http://nrimp.dfw.state.or.us/crl/default.aspx?pn=WORP. Oregon Coast Coho (OCC) ESU density and pool population estimates for 2011 were higher than in 1998-2000, but similar to 2001-2010. Coho site occupancies in 2011 were the highest since sampling began in 1998. We observed a small, but positive trend in the site occupancy and pool population estimates for coho across the ESU from 1998 to 2011. Density and occupancy metrics were higher in each MA than the average condition from 1998 – 2010. Southern Oregon Northern California Coho (SONCC) ESU density estimates in 2011 were similar to 2009-2010, but lower than the estimate for 2008. Pool population estimates were similar to the average from 1998-2010, but lower than in 2008. Pool occupancy was similar to the average from 1998-2010. Site occupancy in 2011 was slightly below the average from 1998-2010. No increasing or decreasing trends were detected for the ESU. Lower Columbia River (LCR) coho density, pool population, and pool occupancy estimates for 2011 were similar to previous years. Site occupancy in 2011 was slightly below the average site occupancy from 2006 – 2010. No increasing or decreasing trends were detected for the ESU. Coho density estimates were higher in the OCC than the SONCC and the LCR, which were similar. Occupancy metrics were highest in the OCC, intermediate in the SONCC, and lowest in the LCR. Juvenile steelhead density, pool population and pool occupancy estimates from 2011 were comparable to previous years in all DPSs. Site occupancies for the Oregon Coast DPS in 2011 were the highest since sampling began. Steelhead were more abundant and widespread in the Klamath Mountains Province than the Oregon Coast, Southwest WA or Lower Columbia River DPSs, which had similar density metrics. Steelhead in the Oregon Coast DPS were more widespread then in either Columbia River DPSs. In accordance with the findings of the Smith River Verification Study (Constable and Suring in prep.) we lowered our pool depth criteria to include pools that are =20 cm in maximum depth. This change was made in survey year 2010 and continued in 2011. Data which included these smaller pools was analyzed separately to facilitate the comparison of density and occupancy metrics to previous years. Analyses which included smaller pools produced higher site occupancies for coho in the Mid Coast and Umpqua and for steelhead in the Mid Coast, Mid South Coast, Umpqua MAs and the Klamath Mountains and Southwest Washington DPSs. Pool population estimates also increased with the addition of the smaller pools. Close

• 2504. [Article] Juvenile Salmonid Monitoring In Coastal Oregon and Lower Columbia Streams, 2012 Report Number: OPSW-ODFW-2013-1

  Abstract -- This report provides analysis of data from juvenile salmonid surveys in 2012, comparisons with results from previous years, and information on trends in juvenile salmonid distribution and abundance. ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Juvenile Salmonid Monitoring In Coastal Oregon and Lower Columbia Streams, 2012 Report Number: OPSW-ODFW-2013-1 Abstract -- This report provides analysis of data from juvenile salmonid surveys in 2012, comparisons with results from previous years, and information on trends in juvenile salmonid distribution and abundance. Distribution metrics are specific to species and include site occupancy (the percent of sites with fish present) and pool frequency (average percent of pools per site with fish) for each Monitoring Area (MA), Evolutionarily Significant Unit (ESU) or Distinct Population Segment (DPS) in the project area. Abundance metrics are also specific to species and include the average density and population estimates in pools for each MA and ESU/DPS. Prior reports can be found at https://nrimp.dfw.state.or.us/crl/default.aspx?pn=WORP. Oregon Coast Coho (OCC) ESU density estimates were lower than in 2011. Pool population estimates and site occupancies were similar to 2011. We observed a small, but positive trend in occupancy and pool population estimates for coho across the ESU from 1998-2012. Within the four coastal monitoring areas, density and occupancy estimates were higher than the average from 1998-2011 in the Mid Coast MA, similar to the average in the Umpqua and North Coast, and lower in the Mid South. Pooling of data into three year “brood groups” indicated the current group had higher combined population estimates than the earliest two groups but was similar to 2004-2006 and 2007-2009. Site occupancy was higher in the current brood group than in any other group. Southern Oregon Northern California Coho (SONCC) ESU density and site occupancy estimates were the lowest recorded. Pool population estimates were similar to the average from 1998-2011. The current brood group had a higher population estimate than for 1998-2000, but the estimate was lower than all other brood groups. Site occupancy for current brood group was also lower than the other brood groups. Lower Columbia River Coho (LCR) density and pool population estimates were similar to 2011 and to the average from 2006-2011. Site occupancy was slightly below the average recorded from 2006-2011. Steelhead density, pool population, and pool occupancy estimates were similar to previous years in the Oregon Coast DPS. Site occupancies for the Oregon Coast DPS were the higher than average and similar to 2011. In the Klamath Mountain Province (KMP) DPS, steelhead density and pool frequency estimates were the lowest recorded. Population estimates were similar to the average and to 2011. Site occupancy was similar to the average condition and to 2011, however the estimates for the past 3 years have been the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th lowest estimates, respectively. Steelhead density estimates in the LCR and the Southwest Washington (SWW) DPSs were similar to each other and to the average and 2011 estimates for the DPSs. Site occupancy in the LCR was similar to 2011 and to the overall average. Site occupancy in SWW was higher than in 2011 and the overall average. Population estimates for both DPSs were similar to 2011 and to the overall average. Analyses which included shallower pools produced higher site occupancies in the Umpqua, Mid Coast and LCR for coho and in the Umpqua and the KMP for steelhead. Pool population estimates also increased with the addition of the smaller pools and had proportionately smaller confidence intervals. Title: Juvenile Salmonid Monitoring In Coastal Oregon and Lower Columbia Streams, 2012 Report Number: OPSW-ODFW-2013-1 Abstract -- This report provides analysis of data from juvenile salmonid surveys in 2012, comparisons with results from previous years, and information on trends in juvenile salmonid distribution and abundance. Distribution metrics are specific to species and include site occupancy (the percent of sites with fish present) and pool frequency (average percent of pools per site with fish) for each Monitoring Area (MA), Evolutionarily Significant Unit (ESU) or Distinct Population Segment (DPS) in the project area. Abundance metrics are also specific to species and include the average density and population estimates in pools for each MA and ESU/DPS. Prior reports can be found at https://nrimp.dfw.state.or.us/crl/default.aspx?pn=WORP. Oregon Coast Coho (OCC) ESU density estimates were lower than in 2011. Pool population estimates and site occupancies were similar to 2011. We observed a small, but positive trend in occupancy and pool population estimates for coho across the ESU from 1998-2012. Within the four coastal monitoring areas, density and occupancy estimates were higher than the average from 1998-2011 in the Mid Coast MA, similar to the average in the Umpqua and North Coast, and lower in the Mid South. Pooling of data into three year “brood groups” indicated the current group had higher combined population estimates than the earliest two groups but was similar to 2004-2006 and 2007-2009. Site occupancy was higher in the current brood group than in any other group. Southern Oregon Northern California Coho (SONCC) ESU density and site occupancy estimates were the lowest recorded. Pool population estimates were similar to the average from 1998-2011. The current brood group had a higher population estimate than for 1998-2000, but the estimate was lower than all other brood groups. Site occupancy for current brood group was also lower than the other brood groups. Lower Columbia River Coho (LCR) density and pool population estimates were similar to 2011 and to the average from 2006-2011. Site occupancy was slightly below the average recorded from 2006-2011. Steelhead density, pool population, and pool occupancy estimates were similar to previous years in the Oregon Coast DPS. Site occupancies for the Oregon Coast DPS were the higher than average and similar to 2011. In the Klamath Mountain Province (KMP) DPS, steelhead density and pool frequency estimates were the lowest recorded. Population estimates were similar to the average and to 2011. Site occupancy was similar to the average condition and to 2011, however the estimates for the past 3 years have been the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th lowest estimates, respectively. Steelhead density estimates in the LCR and the Southwest Washington (SWW) DPSs were similar to each other and to the average and 2011 estimates for the DPSs. Site occupancy in the LCR was similar to 2011 and to the overall average. Site occupancy in SWW was higher than in 2011 and the overall average. Population estimates for both DPSs were similar to 2011 and to the overall average. Analyses which included shallower pools produced higher site occupancies in the Umpqua, Mid Coast and LCR for coho and in the Umpqua and the KMP for steelhead. Pool population estimates also increased with the addition of the smaller pools and had proportionately smaller confidence intervals. Close

• 2505. [Article] Juvenile Salmonid Monitoring In Coastal Oregon and Lower Columbia Streams, 2013 Report Number: OPSW-ODFW-2014-1

  Abstract -- This report analyzes data from juvenile salmonid surveys across coastal Oregon in 2013. Results from this year are compared with our findings from 1998 – 2012. This unique, long term data set ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Juvenile Salmonid Monitoring In Coastal Oregon and Lower Columbia Streams, 2013 Report Number: OPSW-ODFW-2014-1 Abstract -- This report analyzes data from juvenile salmonid surveys across coastal Oregon in 2013. Results from this year are compared with our findings from 1998 – 2012. This unique, long term data set is used to monitor and describe trends in juvenile salmonid distribution and abundance for the three coho Evolutionarily Significant Units (ESU) and the four steelhead Distinct Population Segments (DPS) in coastal Oregon. Full reports from prior years are available at: https://nrimp.dfw.state.or.us/crl/default.aspx?pn=WORP. Oregon Coast Coho (OCC) ESU juvenile density estimates in 2013 were higher than any other year. The site occupancy rate in 2013 was similar to 2012. The latest three cohorts had the 1st, 3rd, and 2nd highest occupancy rates estimated over the duration of the project. Pool population estimates in 2013 were similar to 2012 and to the average of the last three cohorts. Overall, we observed a small, positive trend in occupancy and pool population estimates across the ESU from 1998-2013. In the Oregon Coast Coho ESU plots of parr abundance with female spawner abundance suggest limits to parr production in freshwater habitats. Southern Oregon Northern California Coho (SONCC) ESU juvenile density estimates were similar to 2012 and to the average since 1998. Site occupancy was higher in 2013 than in 2012 but these estimates were the two lowest observed. Pool population estimates were similar to 2012, but lower than in most years, with the exclusion of the 1998-2000 estimates. Regressions of both site occupancy and pool population estimates to survey year do not show detectable trend since the start of monitoring in the ESU. Lower Columbia River Coho (LCR) density, site occupancy, and pool population estimates were similar to 2012 and to the average since 2006. Regressions of both site occupancy and pool population estimates to survey year do not show detectable trends since the start of monitoring in the ESU. The Oregon Coast Steelhead DPS density estimate in 2013 was higher than in 2012 and the average since 2002. Pool population estimates in 2013 were similar to 2012 and to the average. Site occupancy estimates from 2013 were similar to 2012 and the latest three years have had the three highest occupancy estimates. In the Klamath Mountain Province (KMP) DPS, steelhead density in 2013 was the lowest recorded and similar to the next lowest estimate in 2012. Pool population estimates were similar to the average and to 2012. Site occupancy was the third lowest estimate, and similar to the low in 2012. Steelhead density estimates in the LCR and the Southwest Washington (SWW) DPSs in 2013 were similar to each other, to average, and to the 2012 estimates. Site occupancies in the LCR and SWW were similar to 2012 and to the average estimates for the DPSs. Point estimates for site occupancy in SWW for the last two years have been the first and second highest recorded. Pool population estimates for both DPSs were similar to 2012 and to the average. Analyses which included shallow pools (below our former 40cm maximum depth criteria) produced higher site occupancies and larger pool population estimates with proportionately smaller confidence intervals. Population estimates that included shallow pools tracked with those based on the former pool criteria. Title: Juvenile Salmonid Monitoring In Coastal Oregon and Lower Columbia Streams, 2013 Report Number: OPSW-ODFW-2014-1 Abstract -- This report analyzes data from juvenile salmonid surveys across coastal Oregon in 2013. Results from this year are compared with our findings from 1998 – 2012. This unique, long term data set is used to monitor and describe trends in juvenile salmonid distribution and abundance for the three coho Evolutionarily Significant Units (ESU) and the four steelhead Distinct Population Segments (DPS) in coastal Oregon. Full reports from prior years are available at: https://nrimp.dfw.state.or.us/crl/default.aspx?pn=WORP. Oregon Coast Coho (OCC) ESU juvenile density estimates in 2013 were higher than any other year. The site occupancy rate in 2013 was similar to 2012. The latest three cohorts had the 1st, 3rd, and 2nd highest occupancy rates estimated over the duration of the project. Pool population estimates in 2013 were similar to 2012 and to the average of the last three cohorts. Overall, we observed a small, positive trend in occupancy and pool population estimates across the ESU from 1998-2013. In the Oregon Coast Coho ESU plots of parr abundance with female spawner abundance suggest limits to parr production in freshwater habitats. Southern Oregon Northern California Coho (SONCC) ESU juvenile density estimates were similar to 2012 and to the average since 1998. Site occupancy was higher in 2013 than in 2012 but these estimates were the two lowest observed. Pool population estimates were similar to 2012, but lower than in most years, with the exclusion of the 1998-2000 estimates. Regressions of both site occupancy and pool population estimates to survey year do not show detectable trend since the start of monitoring in the ESU. Lower Columbia River Coho (LCR) density, site occupancy, and pool population estimates were similar to 2012 and to the average since 2006. Regressions of both site occupancy and pool population estimates to survey year do not show detectable trends since the start of monitoring in the ESU. The Oregon Coast Steelhead DPS density estimate in 2013 was higher than in 2012 and the average since 2002. Pool population estimates in 2013 were similar to 2012 and to the average. Site occupancy estimates from 2013 were similar to 2012 and the latest three years have had the three highest occupancy estimates. In the Klamath Mountain Province (KMP) DPS, steelhead density in 2013 was the lowest recorded and similar to the next lowest estimate in 2012. Pool population estimates were similar to the average and to 2012. Site occupancy was the third lowest estimate, and similar to the low in 2012. Steelhead density estimates in the LCR and the Southwest Washington (SWW) DPSs in 2013 were similar to each other, to average, and to the 2012 estimates. Site occupancies in the LCR and SWW were similar to 2012 and to the average estimates for the DPSs. Point estimates for site occupancy in SWW for the last two years have been the first and second highest recorded. Pool population estimates for both DPSs were similar to 2012 and to the average. Analyses which included shallow pools (below our former 40cm maximum depth criteria) produced higher site occupancies and larger pool population estimates with proportionately smaller confidence intervals. Population estimates that included shallow pools tracked with those based on the former pool criteria. Close

• 2506. [Article] Juvenile Salmonid Monitoring In Coastal Oregon and Lower Columbia Streams, 2014 Report Number: OPSW-ODFW-2015-1

  Abstract -- This report analyzes data from juvenile salmonid surveys across coastal Oregon in 2014. Results from 2014 are compared with results from previous years and used to describe trends in juvenile ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Juvenile Salmonid Monitoring In Coastal Oregon and Lower Columbia Streams, 2014 Report Number: OPSW-ODFW-2015-1 Abstract -- This report analyzes data from juvenile salmonid surveys across coastal Oregon in 2014. Results from 2014 are compared with results from previous years and used to describe trends in juvenile salmonid distribution and abundance for the three coho Evolutionarily Significant Units (ESU) and the four steelhead Distinct Population Segments (DPS) in coastal Oregon. For prior reports visit https://nrimp.dfw.state.or.us/crl/default.aspx?pn=WORP. The Oregon Coast Coho (OCC) ESU density estimate in 2014 was lower than the recorded high estimate in 2013. The 2014 density estimate was also lower than the 1998-2013 average for the ESU. Site occupancy in 2014 was similar to 2013. Occupancy rates appear to be increasing for the ESU since the start of monitoring in 1998. The pool population estimate in 2014 was lower than in 2013 and lower than the average of the cohorts from 2010-2012. In the OCC ESU plots of parr abundance with female spawner abundance suggest limits in freshwater habitat to parr production when spawner abundance exceeds approximately 80,000 females. Parr production rates typically decrease when female spawner abundance increases. The Southern Oregon Northern California Coho (SONCC) ESU density estimate in 2014 was similar to the 2013 estimate. The 2014 density estimate was lower than the average for the ESU from 1998-2013. Site occupancy in 2014 was similar to 2013. Occupancy estimates for the last 3 cohorts have been the lowest recorded since monitoring began. Pool population estimates were similar to 2013, but lower than in most years, with the exception of the estimates from 1998-2000. Lower Columbia River Coho (LCR) density, site occupancy, and pool population estimates were similar to 2013 and to the average since 2006. The Oregon Coast Steelhead DPS density estimate in 2014 was lower than 2013 but similar to the average from 2002-2013. Pool population estimates in 2014 were similar to 2013 and to the 2002-2013 average. The site occupancy estimate in 2014 was the highest recorded. The last four cohorts have had the four highest occupancy estimates. In the Klamath Mountain Province (KMP) DPS, steelhead density in 2014 was higher than the record low estimate in 2013 and similar to the DPS average from 2002-2013. The pool population estimate in 2014 was lower than 2013, but similar to the average from 2002-2013. Site occupancy was similar to 2013 and to the 2002-2013 average for the DPS. Steelhead density estimates in the LCR and the Southwest Washington (SWW) DPSs in 2014 were similar to each other, to averages for each DPS since 2006, and to the 2013 estimates. Site occupancy in 2014 for the LCR DPS was the highest recorded. In the SWW DPS site occupancy was similar to 2013 and to the 2006-2013 average estimates. Pool population estimates for LCR and SWW were similar to the 2006-2013 average of the estimates for the DPSs and to 2013 estimates. The original pool depth criteria was =40cm in maximum depth. This was changed to =20cm in 2010. Analyses based on the =20cm maximum depth criteria produced larger pool population estimates with proportionately smaller confidence intervals than analyses based on the =40cm maximum depth criteria. Population estimate trends that included shallow pools tracked with those based on the former pool criteria. Title: Juvenile Salmonid Monitoring In Coastal Oregon and Lower Columbia Streams, 2014 Report Number: OPSW-ODFW-2015-1 Abstract -- This report analyzes data from juvenile salmonid surveys across coastal Oregon in 2014. Results from 2014 are compared with results from previous years and used to describe trends in juvenile salmonid distribution and abundance for the three coho Evolutionarily Significant Units (ESU) and the four steelhead Distinct Population Segments (DPS) in coastal Oregon. For prior reports visit https://nrimp.dfw.state.or.us/crl/default.aspx?pn=WORP. The Oregon Coast Coho (OCC) ESU density estimate in 2014 was lower than the recorded high estimate in 2013. The 2014 density estimate was also lower than the 1998-2013 average for the ESU. Site occupancy in 2014 was similar to 2013. Occupancy rates appear to be increasing for the ESU since the start of monitoring in 1998. The pool population estimate in 2014 was lower than in 2013 and lower than the average of the cohorts from 2010-2012. In the OCC ESU plots of parr abundance with female spawner abundance suggest limits in freshwater habitat to parr production when spawner abundance exceeds approximately 80,000 females. Parr production rates typically decrease when female spawner abundance increases. The Southern Oregon Northern California Coho (SONCC) ESU density estimate in 2014 was similar to the 2013 estimate. The 2014 density estimate was lower than the average for the ESU from 1998-2013. Site occupancy in 2014 was similar to 2013. Occupancy estimates for the last 3 cohorts have been the lowest recorded since monitoring began. Pool population estimates were similar to 2013, but lower than in most years, with the exception of the estimates from 1998-2000. Lower Columbia River Coho (LCR) density, site occupancy, and pool population estimates were similar to 2013 and to the average since 2006. The Oregon Coast Steelhead DPS density estimate in 2014 was lower than 2013 but similar to the average from 2002-2013. Pool population estimates in 2014 were similar to 2013 and to the 2002-2013 average. The site occupancy estimate in 2014 was the highest recorded. The last four cohorts have had the four highest occupancy estimates. In the Klamath Mountain Province (KMP) DPS, steelhead density in 2014 was higher than the record low estimate in 2013 and similar to the DPS average from 2002-2013. The pool population estimate in 2014 was lower than 2013, but similar to the average from 2002-2013. Site occupancy was similar to 2013 and to the 2002-2013 average for the DPS. Steelhead density estimates in the LCR and the Southwest Washington (SWW) DPSs in 2014 were similar to each other, to averages for each DPS since 2006, and to the 2013 estimates. Site occupancy in 2014 for the LCR DPS was the highest recorded. In the SWW DPS site occupancy was similar to 2013 and to the 2006-2013 average estimates. Pool population estimates for LCR and SWW were similar to the 2006-2013 average of the estimates for the DPSs and to 2013 estimates. The original pool depth criteria was =40cm in maximum depth. This was changed to =20cm in 2010. Analyses based on the =20cm maximum depth criteria produced larger pool population estimates with proportionately smaller confidence intervals than analyses based on the =40cm maximum depth criteria. Population estimate trends that included shallow pools tracked with those based on the former pool criteria. Close

• 2507. [Article] Juvenile Salmonid Monitoring In Coastal Oregon and Lower Columbia Streams, 2015 Report Number: OPSW-ODFW-2016-1

  Abstract -- This report analyzes data from juvenile salmonid surveys in the three coho Evolutionarily Significant Units (ESU) and the four steelhead Distinct Population Segments (DPS) in coastal Oregon ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Juvenile Salmonid Monitoring In Coastal Oregon and Lower Columbia Streams, 2015 Report Number: OPSW-ODFW-2016-1 Abstract -- This report analyzes data from juvenile salmonid surveys in the three coho Evolutionarily Significant Units (ESU) and the four steelhead Distinct Population Segments (DPS) in coastal Oregon for 2015. Results from 2015 are compared to previous years and used to describe trends in distribution and abundance. To access prior reports visit https://nrimp.dfw.state.or.us/crl/default.aspx?pn=WORP. Coho: Density estimates in 2015 for the Oregon Coast Coho (OCC) ESU were higher than in 2014, but similar to the 1998-2014 average for the ESU. Abundance estimates in 2015 were similar to 2004-2014, but higher than those in1998-2003. Site occupancy rates appeared to be increasing for the ESU since the start of our monitoring in 1998, although the rate from 2015 was lower than in 2014. The average occupancy rate from 2010-2015 has been similar to the average from 2004-2009 and higher than the average from 1998-2003. In the ESU plots of parr abundance against female spawner abundance suggest limits in freshwater habitat to parr production when spawner abundance exceeds approximately 80,000 females. Parr production rates in the ESU typically decrease when female spawner abundance increases. The density, number of sites at full seeding, occupancy, and pool frequency estimates in 2015 for the Southern Oregon Northern California Coho (SONCC) ESU were the lowest recorded since our monitoring began. Abundance estimates of parr from 2013-2015 were lower than those from 2001-2012 and similar to those from 1998-2000. Occupancy estimates for the last 4 cohorts have been the lowest recorded since monitoring began. Density estimates in 2015 for the Lower Columbia River Coho (LCR) were higher than in 2014 but similar to the average from 2006-2014 for the ESU. Abundance estimates of parr in 2015 were similar to the estimate in 2014 and to the 2006-2014 average. Site occupancy rates in 2015 were similar to the 2014 rate and the average rate from 2006-2014. Steelhead: The density, abundance, and occupancy rate estimates in 2015 for Oregon Coast Steelhead DPS were lower than in 2014 and lower than the 2002-2014 average for the DPS. The four cohorts previous to 2015 have had the four highest occupancy rates. Density in 2015 for the Klamath Mountain Province was lower than in 2014 and lower than the 2002-2014 average for the DPS. The 2015 and 2014 abundance estimates were the 1st and 2nd lowest recorded in the DPS. Site occupancy in 2015 was similar to 2014 and to the 2002-2014 average for the DPS. As in past years, the 2015 metrics for the two steelhead DPSs in the Lower Columbia River had similar metrics. Densities, pool frequencies, and point estimates for site occupancy and abundance were the lowest recorded in 2015. The original pool depth criteria was =40cm in maximum depth. This was changed to =20cm in 2010. Analyses based on the =20cm maximum depth criteria typically produce larger abundance estimates with proportionately smaller confidence intervals than analyses based on the =40cm maximum depth criteria. Abundance estimate trends that included shallow pools tracked with those based on the former pool criteria. Title: Juvenile Salmonid Monitoring In Coastal Oregon and Lower Columbia Streams, 2015 Report Number: OPSW-ODFW-2016-1 Abstract -- This report analyzes data from juvenile salmonid surveys in the three coho Evolutionarily Significant Units (ESU) and the four steelhead Distinct Population Segments (DPS) in coastal Oregon for 2015. Results from 2015 are compared to previous years and used to describe trends in distribution and abundance. To access prior reports visit https://nrimp.dfw.state.or.us/crl/default.aspx?pn=WORP. Coho: Density estimates in 2015 for the Oregon Coast Coho (OCC) ESU were higher than in 2014, but similar to the 1998-2014 average for the ESU. Abundance estimates in 2015 were similar to 2004-2014, but higher than those in1998-2003. Site occupancy rates appeared to be increasing for the ESU since the start of our monitoring in 1998, although the rate from 2015 was lower than in 2014. The average occupancy rate from 2010-2015 has been similar to the average from 2004-2009 and higher than the average from 1998-2003. In the ESU plots of parr abundance against female spawner abundance suggest limits in freshwater habitat to parr production when spawner abundance exceeds approximately 80,000 females. Parr production rates in the ESU typically decrease when female spawner abundance increases. The density, number of sites at full seeding, occupancy, and pool frequency estimates in 2015 for the Southern Oregon Northern California Coho (SONCC) ESU were the lowest recorded since our monitoring began. Abundance estimates of parr from 2013-2015 were lower than those from 2001-2012 and similar to those from 1998-2000. Occupancy estimates for the last 4 cohorts have been the lowest recorded since monitoring began. Density estimates in 2015 for the Lower Columbia River Coho (LCR) were higher than in 2014 but similar to the average from 2006-2014 for the ESU. Abundance estimates of parr in 2015 were similar to the estimate in 2014 and to the 2006-2014 average. Site occupancy rates in 2015 were similar to the 2014 rate and the average rate from 2006-2014. Steelhead: The density, abundance, and occupancy rate estimates in 2015 for Oregon Coast Steelhead DPS were lower than in 2014 and lower than the 2002-2014 average for the DPS. The four cohorts previous to 2015 have had the four highest occupancy rates. Density in 2015 for the Klamath Mountain Province was lower than in 2014 and lower than the 2002-2014 average for the DPS. The 2015 and 2014 abundance estimates were the 1st and 2nd lowest recorded in the DPS. Site occupancy in 2015 was similar to 2014 and to the 2002-2014 average for the DPS. As in past years, the 2015 metrics for the two steelhead DPSs in the Lower Columbia River had similar metrics. Densities, pool frequencies, and point estimates for site occupancy and abundance were the lowest recorded in 2015. The original pool depth criteria was =40cm in maximum depth. This was changed to =20cm in 2010. Analyses based on the =20cm maximum depth criteria typically produce larger abundance estimates with proportionately smaller confidence intervals than analyses based on the =40cm maximum depth criteria. Abundance estimate trends that included shallow pools tracked with those based on the former pool criteria. Close

• 2508. [Article] Juvenile Salmonid Monitoring In Coastal Oregon and Lower Columbia Streams, 2016 Report Number: OPSW-ODFW-2017-1

  Abstract -- This report analyzes monitoring data for juvenile Coho Salmon in three Evolutionarily Significant Units (ESUs) and juvenile steelhead in four Distinct Population Segments (DPSs) in western ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Juvenile Salmonid Monitoring In Coastal Oregon and Lower Columbia Streams, 2016 Report Number: OPSW-ODFW-2017-1 Abstract -- This report analyzes monitoring data for juvenile Coho Salmon in three Evolutionarily Significant Units (ESUs) and juvenile steelhead in four Distinct Population Segments (DPSs) in western Oregon. Monitoring data are used to evaluate trends in salmonid distribution and abundance, which inform conservation and recovery decisions. The analysis in this report spans the years 1998-2016. Previous annual reports can be found at: https://nrimp.dfw.state.or.us/crl/default.aspx?pn=WORP. Juvenile Coho Salmon: For both the Oregon Coast Coho (OCC) and Lower Columbia River (LCR) ESUs, abundance estimates were lower in 2016 relative to the average from the 2013-2015 broods. The 2016 LCR abundance estimate was the lowest recorded in the 11 years of monitoring in this ESU. In the Southern Oregon Northern California Coho (SONCC) ESU the 2016 abundance estimate was similar to the average of the estimates for the 2013- 2015 broods. The 2016 estimate of site occupancy, relative to the estimate for the 2013- 2015 broods, was lower in the LCR, and similar in the OCC and the SONCC. As with the abundance estimate for the LCR, the 2016 estimate of site occupancy was the lowest recorded since monitoring began in the ESU. In the OCC there is some indication from Coho Salmon survey data that freshwater productivity rates are regulated by compensatory density dependence at one or several early life stages. In the OCC metapopulation, the spawner:summer parr (recruit) curve is sigmoidal in years of higher female spawner abundance, suggesting some factor (or combination of factors) that sets juvenile carrying capacity. A density dependent pattern has not been observed in the LCR, likely due to relatively low seeding levels in the ESU. For the SONCC there are insufficient adult data to perform these analyses. Juvenile Steelhead: For the Oregon Coast (OC) and the Klamath Mountains Provence (KMP) DPSs, the average of the abundance estimates for the 2014-2016 broods was similar to the average for the 2010-2013 broods. The 2016 abundance estimate was similar to the average of the 2006-2015 estimates in the South West Washington (SWW) DPS and lower than the average of the 2006-2015 estimates in the Lower Columbia River (LCR) DPS. Site occupancy estimates in the OC and KMP in the 2014-2016 broods were similar to the estimates for the 2010-2013 broods. Site occupancy estimates in 2016, relative to the average of the 2006-2015 estimates, were similar in the SWW and lower in the LCR. From 1998 to 2009 pools were required to be =40cm in maximum depth to meet survey protocols. This was changed to =20cm in maximum depth in 2010. Analyses based on the =20cm maximum depth criteria, relative to the =40cm maximum depth criteria, typically produce increases in site occupancy rates and larger abundance estimates with proportionately smaller confidence intervals. Abundance estimate trends that included shallow pools tracked with those based on the former pool criteria. Title: Juvenile Salmonid Monitoring In Coastal Oregon and Lower Columbia Streams, 2016 Report Number: OPSW-ODFW-2017-1 Abstract -- This report analyzes monitoring data for juvenile Coho Salmon in three Evolutionarily Significant Units (ESUs) and juvenile steelhead in four Distinct Population Segments (DPSs) in western Oregon. Monitoring data are used to evaluate trends in salmonid distribution and abundance, which inform conservation and recovery decisions. The analysis in this report spans the years 1998-2016. Previous annual reports can be found at: https://nrimp.dfw.state.or.us/crl/default.aspx?pn=WORP. Juvenile Coho Salmon: For both the Oregon Coast Coho (OCC) and Lower Columbia River (LCR) ESUs, abundance estimates were lower in 2016 relative to the average from the 2013-2015 broods. The 2016 LCR abundance estimate was the lowest recorded in the 11 years of monitoring in this ESU. In the Southern Oregon Northern California Coho (SONCC) ESU the 2016 abundance estimate was similar to the average of the estimates for the 2013- 2015 broods. The 2016 estimate of site occupancy, relative to the estimate for the 2013- 2015 broods, was lower in the LCR, and similar in the OCC and the SONCC. As with the abundance estimate for the LCR, the 2016 estimate of site occupancy was the lowest recorded since monitoring began in the ESU. In the OCC there is some indication from Coho Salmon survey data that freshwater productivity rates are regulated by compensatory density dependence at one or several early life stages. In the OCC metapopulation, the spawner:summer parr (recruit) curve is sigmoidal in years of higher female spawner abundance, suggesting some factor (or combination of factors) that sets juvenile carrying capacity. A density dependent pattern has not been observed in the LCR, likely due to relatively low seeding levels in the ESU. For the SONCC there are insufficient adult data to perform these analyses. Juvenile Steelhead: For the Oregon Coast (OC) and the Klamath Mountains Provence (KMP) DPSs, the average of the abundance estimates for the 2014-2016 broods was similar to the average for the 2010-2013 broods. The 2016 abundance estimate was similar to the average of the 2006-2015 estimates in the South West Washington (SWW) DPS and lower than the average of the 2006-2015 estimates in the Lower Columbia River (LCR) DPS. Site occupancy estimates in the OC and KMP in the 2014-2016 broods were similar to the estimates for the 2010-2013 broods. Site occupancy estimates in 2016, relative to the average of the 2006-2015 estimates, were similar in the SWW and lower in the LCR. From 1998 to 2009 pools were required to be =40cm in maximum depth to meet survey protocols. This was changed to =20cm in maximum depth in 2010. Analyses based on the =20cm maximum depth criteria, relative to the =40cm maximum depth criteria, typically produce increases in site occupancy rates and larger abundance estimates with proportionately smaller confidence intervals. Abundance estimate trends that included shallow pools tracked with those based on the former pool criteria. Close

• 2509. [Article] Warner Sucker Investigations (2009)

  Abstract -- The Warner sucker (Catostomus warnerensis) is endemic to the Warner Valley, an endorheic subbasin of the Great Basin in southeastern Oregon and northwestern Nevada. Historically, this species ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Warner Sucker Investigations (2009) Abstract -- The Warner sucker (Catostomus warnerensis) is endemic to the Warner Valley, an endorheic subbasin of the Great Basin in southeastern Oregon and northwestern Nevada. Historically, this species was abundant and its range included three permanent lakes (Hart, Crump, and Pelican), several ephemeral lakes, a network of sloughs and diversion canals, and three major tributary drainages (Honey, Deep, and Twentymile Creeks) (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 1985). Warner sucker abundance and distribution has declined over the past century and it was federally listed as threatened in 1985 due to habitat fragmentation and threats posed by the proliferation of piscivorous non-native game fishes (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 1985). The Warner sucker inhabits the lakes and low gradient stream reaches of the Warner Valley. The Warner sucker metapopulation is comprised of both lake and stream life history morphs. The lake suckers are lacustrine adfluvial or potamodromous fish that normally spawn in the streams. However, upstream migration may be blocked by low stream flows during low water years or by irrigation diversion dams. When this happens, spawning may occur in nearshore areas of the lakes (White et al. 1990). Large lake-dwelling populations of introduced fishes likely reduce recruitment by preying on young suckers (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 1998). The stream suckers inhabit and spawn in Honey, Deep, and Twentymile Creeks. The Recovery Plan for the Threatened and Rare Native Fishes of the Warner Basin and Alkali Subbasin (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 1998) sets recovery criteria for delisting the species. These criteria require that: 1) a self-sustaining metapopulation is distributed throughout the Twentymile, Honey, and Deep Creek (below the falls) drainages, and in Pelican, Crump, and Hart Lakes, 2) passage is restored within and among the Twentymile, Honey, and Deep Creek (below the falls) drainages so that the individual populations of Warner suckers can function as a metapopulation, and 3) no threats exist that would likely threaten the survival of the species over a significant portion of its range. Objectives of our 2009 investigations included: 1) obtain a mark-recapture population estimate for suckers in the Twentymile Creek drainage and describe their current distribution, 2) describe associations between the distribution of suckers and habitat variables in Twentymile Creek, 3) evaluate a non-lethal ageing technique, 4) track radiotagged lake suckers (tagged in 2008) in Hart and Crump Lakes to assess spring movement patterns, 5) track spring spawning movements of lake suckers across a PIT-tag antenna installed at the mouth of Honey Creek, 6) test the feasibility of trapping larval suckers near the mouth of Honey Creek using larval drift nets and light traps to describe the relative abundance and timing of larval sucker movements, and 7) obtain a mark-recapture population estimate of suckers at the Summer Lake Wildlife Management Area (WMA), where a self-sustaining population became established after a fish salvage from Hart Lake during the 1991 drought. Title: Warner Sucker Investigations (2009) Abstract -- The Warner sucker (Catostomus warnerensis) is endemic to the Warner Valley, an endorheic subbasin of the Great Basin in southeastern Oregon and northwestern Nevada. Historically, this species was abundant and its range included three permanent lakes (Hart, Crump, and Pelican), several ephemeral lakes, a network of sloughs and diversion canals, and three major tributary drainages (Honey, Deep, and Twentymile Creeks) (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 1985). Warner sucker abundance and distribution has declined over the past century and it was federally listed as threatened in 1985 due to habitat fragmentation and threats posed by the proliferation of piscivorous non-native game fishes (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 1985). The Warner sucker inhabits the lakes and low gradient stream reaches of the Warner Valley. The Warner sucker metapopulation is comprised of both lake and stream life history morphs. The lake suckers are lacustrine adfluvial or potamodromous fish that normally spawn in the streams. However, upstream migration may be blocked by low stream flows during low water years or by irrigation diversion dams. When this happens, spawning may occur in nearshore areas of the lakes (White et al. 1990). Large lake-dwelling populations of introduced fishes likely reduce recruitment by preying on young suckers (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 1998). The stream suckers inhabit and spawn in Honey, Deep, and Twentymile Creeks. The Recovery Plan for the Threatened and Rare Native Fishes of the Warner Basin and Alkali Subbasin (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 1998) sets recovery criteria for delisting the species. These criteria require that: 1) a self-sustaining metapopulation is distributed throughout the Twentymile, Honey, and Deep Creek (below the falls) drainages, and in Pelican, Crump, and Hart Lakes, 2) passage is restored within and among the Twentymile, Honey, and Deep Creek (below the falls) drainages so that the individual populations of Warner suckers can function as a metapopulation, and 3) no threats exist that would likely threaten the survival of the species over a significant portion of its range. Objectives of our 2009 investigations included: 1) obtain a mark-recapture population estimate for suckers in the Twentymile Creek drainage and describe their current distribution, 2) describe associations between the distribution of suckers and habitat variables in Twentymile Creek, 3) evaluate a non-lethal ageing technique, 4) track radiotagged lake suckers (tagged in 2008) in Hart and Crump Lakes to assess spring movement patterns, 5) track spring spawning movements of lake suckers across a PIT-tag antenna installed at the mouth of Honey Creek, 6) test the feasibility of trapping larval suckers near the mouth of Honey Creek using larval drift nets and light traps to describe the relative abundance and timing of larval sucker movements, and 7) obtain a mark-recapture population estimate of suckers at the Summer Lake Wildlife Management Area (WMA), where a self-sustaining population became established after a fish salvage from Hart Lake during the 1991 drought. Close

• 2510. [Article] Amphibian Distribution in Wadeable Streams and Ponds in Western and Southeast Oregon, 2009-2010 Progress Reports 2011

  Abstract -- The ODFW Oregon Conservation Strategy identified monitoring needs for 17 amphibian species native to the state of Oregon that are designated as “Strategy Species”, or “Species of Greatest Conservation ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Amphibian Distribution in Wadeable Streams and Ponds in Western and Southeast Oregon, 2009-2010 Progress Reports 2011 Abstract -- The ODFW Oregon Conservation Strategy identified monitoring needs for 17 amphibian species native to the state of Oregon that are designated as “Strategy Species”, or “Species of Greatest Conservation Need” (per USFWS requirements for State Wildlife Action Plans). The distribution of many species of amphibians in western Oregon is sparsely documented (Oregon Conservation Strategy, page 27). Although a broad-scale survey for amphibian presence would provide important baseline information about amphibian species composition and distribution, most studies have focused on limited areas. The majority of Oregon’s amphibians rely on aquatic habitats at some point of their life, either for breeding and juvenile development or to inhabit as adults. Most aquatic amphibians breed from late winter to early summer, and adults frequently remain in or near their breeding sites into the summer. Most tadpoles and juvenile amphibians are also active in and occupy aquatic habitats during the summer. Ongoing aquatic habitat and fish surveys are opportunities to observe species and life stages (breeding adults, tadpoles and juveniles) that occupy aquatic or riparian habitats during the summer. One cost-effective approach is to combine amphibian surveys with existing aquatic habitat and fish surveys such as those conducted as part of the Oregon Plan for Salmon and Watersheds (OCSRI 1997). The Oregon Plan has been in place since 1997 and the monitoring component provides a survey framework for streams in the lower Columbia River and Oregon coast drainages. The sampling framework is also compatible with implementation of the aquatic components of the Conservation Strategy, as demonstrated by this study. This study describes the presence of amphibians in and along wadeable streams in coast and lower Columbia River drainages of Oregon, ponds and sloughs in the Willamette Valley, and selected streams in the Great Basin of southeast and central Oregon. As a component of monitoring under the Oregon Plan, the Aquatic Inventories Project (AIP) conducts aquatic habitat surveys at randomly selected and spatially balanced sites across all 1st through 4th order streams in coastal and lower Columbia River drainages. The purpose of the habitat surveys is to describe stream morphology, instream physical habitat, and riparian vegetation. Because the surveyors were already observing features within and alongside the stream channel, they were able to record observations of amphibians. The advantage of coupling an amphibian component with the OR Plan aquatic surveys was that it not only was an efficient use of resources, but more importantly, provided information using a statistically rigorous survey design across a broad geographic area. The Native Fish Investigations Project began a six year study in 2007 to document the distribution and abundance of redband trout in the Great Basin region of Eastern Oregon. The site selection procedure is comparable to the statistical standards as the Oregon Plan survey design. Amphibian data are also collected during three other survey projects, and although the site selection procedure does not conform to the same statistical standards as the Oregon Plan survey design, the projects offer a number of opportunities to collect amphibian occurrence information over a wide variety of habitats. The amphibian observations from these three projects are also included in this report. The three projects are as follows: AIP conducts aquatic habitat surveys on selected streams throughout the state. AIP conducts aquatic habitat surveys at stream habitat restoration projects in Western Oregon. Native Fish Project conducts surveys of pond and slough sites for Oregon chub in the Willamette Valley. Due to the success of the 2007 and 2008 field studies, we continued our research during the summer of 2009 and 2010 to improve our knowledge of distribution and community structure of amphibians. The summer 2009 and 2010 surveys took place in 9 of Oregon’s 10 ecoregions (Figure 1) (Thorson et al. 2003). Ecoregions provide a framework for discussing amphibian distribution across the state because they are relatively large areas defined by distinctive geographic and ecological (flora and fauna) characteristics. The goals of our 2009-2010 work were to: Increase the consistency, efficiency and ability of habitat crews in identifying amphibians through improved training. Increase knowledge of distribution, community structure, and habitat associations of amphibians in streams in: Western Oregon coastal and lower Columbia drainages. Ponds, sloughs and other off-channel aquatic habitats in the Willamette Valley. Great Basin of eastern Oregon and selected streams in central Oregon. Combine the 2009-2010 observations with the 2007-2008 results. Title: Amphibian Distribution in Wadeable Streams and Ponds in Western and Southeast Oregon, 2009-2010 Progress Reports 2011 Abstract -- The ODFW Oregon Conservation Strategy identified monitoring needs for 17 amphibian species native to the state of Oregon that are designated as “Strategy Species”, or “Species of Greatest Conservation Need” (per USFWS requirements for State Wildlife Action Plans). The distribution of many species of amphibians in western Oregon is sparsely documented (Oregon Conservation Strategy, page 27). Although a broad-scale survey for amphibian presence would provide important baseline information about amphibian species composition and distribution, most studies have focused on limited areas. The majority of Oregon’s amphibians rely on aquatic habitats at some point of their life, either for breeding and juvenile development or to inhabit as adults. Most aquatic amphibians breed from late winter to early summer, and adults frequently remain in or near their breeding sites into the summer. Most tadpoles and juvenile amphibians are also active in and occupy aquatic habitats during the summer. Ongoing aquatic habitat and fish surveys are opportunities to observe species and life stages (breeding adults, tadpoles and juveniles) that occupy aquatic or riparian habitats during the summer. One cost-effective approach is to combine amphibian surveys with existing aquatic habitat and fish surveys such as those conducted as part of the Oregon Plan for Salmon and Watersheds (OCSRI 1997). The Oregon Plan has been in place since 1997 and the monitoring component provides a survey framework for streams in the lower Columbia River and Oregon coast drainages. The sampling framework is also compatible with implementation of the aquatic components of the Conservation Strategy, as demonstrated by this study. This study describes the presence of amphibians in and along wadeable streams in coast and lower Columbia River drainages of Oregon, ponds and sloughs in the Willamette Valley, and selected streams in the Great Basin of southeast and central Oregon. As a component of monitoring under the Oregon Plan, the Aquatic Inventories Project (AIP) conducts aquatic habitat surveys at randomly selected and spatially balanced sites across all 1st through 4th order streams in coastal and lower Columbia River drainages. The purpose of the habitat surveys is to describe stream morphology, instream physical habitat, and riparian vegetation. Because the surveyors were already observing features within and alongside the stream channel, they were able to record observations of amphibians. The advantage of coupling an amphibian component with the OR Plan aquatic surveys was that it not only was an efficient use of resources, but more importantly, provided information using a statistically rigorous survey design across a broad geographic area. The Native Fish Investigations Project began a six year study in 2007 to document the distribution and abundance of redband trout in the Great Basin region of Eastern Oregon. The site selection procedure is comparable to the statistical standards as the Oregon Plan survey design. Amphibian data are also collected during three other survey projects, and although the site selection procedure does not conform to the same statistical standards as the Oregon Plan survey design, the projects offer a number of opportunities to collect amphibian occurrence information over a wide variety of habitats. The amphibian observations from these three projects are also included in this report. The three projects are as follows: AIP conducts aquatic habitat surveys on selected streams throughout the state. AIP conducts aquatic habitat surveys at stream habitat restoration projects in Western Oregon. Native Fish Project conducts surveys of pond and slough sites for Oregon chub in the Willamette Valley. Due to the success of the 2007 and 2008 field studies, we continued our research during the summer of 2009 and 2010 to improve our knowledge of distribution and community structure of amphibians. The summer 2009 and 2010 surveys took place in 9 of Oregon’s 10 ecoregions (Figure 1) (Thorson et al. 2003). Ecoregions provide a framework for discussing amphibian distribution across the state because they are relatively large areas defined by distinctive geographic and ecological (flora and fauna) characteristics. The goals of our 2009-2010 work were to: Increase the consistency, efficiency and ability of habitat crews in identifying amphibians through improved training. Increase knowledge of distribution, community structure, and habitat associations of amphibians in streams in: Western Oregon coastal and lower Columbia drainages. Ponds, sloughs and other off-channel aquatic habitats in the Willamette Valley. Great Basin of eastern Oregon and selected streams in central Oregon. Combine the 2009-2010 observations with the 2007-2008 results. Close

• 2511. [Article] Hood River Bull Trout Abundance, Life History, and Habitat Connectivity, 2007 Progress Reports 2007

  Abstract -- Hood River bull trout are thought to exist as two independent reproductive units (USFWS 2004), known as local populations (Rieman and McIntyre 1995). The Clear Branch local population is isolated ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Hood River Bull Trout Abundance, Life History, and Habitat Connectivity, 2007 Progress Reports 2007 Abstract -- Hood River bull trout are thought to exist as two independent reproductive units (USFWS 2004), known as local populations (Rieman and McIntyre 1995). The Clear Branch local population is isolated above Clear Branch Dam, which provides limited downstream fish passage during infrequent and sporadic periods of spill and no upstream passage. Bull trout in this population inhabit Laurance Lake Reservoir and tributaries upstream of Clear Branch Dam. The Hood River local population occurs in the mainstem Hood River and Middle Fork Hood River downstream of the Clear Branch Dam and a small number of adult bull trout migrate each year into the Hood River from the Columbia River (Figure 1). The status of both populations is extremely precarious. The Clear Branch population is at risk of a random extinction event due to low numbers, negative interactions with non-native smallmouth bass, isolation and limited spawning habitat (USFWS, 1998). The Hood River population also appears to be small and is threatened by passage barriers, unscreened irrigation systems, impaired water quality and periodic siltation of spawning substrate by glacial outbursts. Clear Branch bull trout spawn in Clear Branch and Pinnacle Creek. After rearing in these two natal streams for an unknown time period, most are believed to migrate downstream to Laurance Lake Reservoir. Clear Branch bull trout have been documented passing over the dam spillway during high water events (Pribyl et al. 1996) and may provide a recruitment source for the Hood River local population. Adult bull trout tagged at Powerdale Dam have been observed at Coe Branch irrigation diversion and in a trap at the base of Clear Branch dam. These fish may have been attempting to reach spawning areas located upstream of the dam. However, the success of bull trout migrating downstream via the spillway or the possibility of successfully navigating through the diversion network has never been determined. Depending on the water year, the Middle Fork Irrigation District (MFID) may not spill at all, or the timing of the spill may not coincide with the timing of downstream migration, which is currently unknown (East Fork Hood River and Middle Fork Hood River Watershed analysis). Smallmouth bass were discovered in Lake Laurance Reservoir in the 1990s. Creel surveys have shown that large adult bass are caught occasionally in the reservoir and schools of bass fry have been seen by district fish biologist (Rod French, ODFW, personal communication), suggesting that they are spawning successfully. This illegal introduction poses a potential threat to the Clear Branch bull trout population, but its magnitude is unknown because the bass population size and degree of interaction between the two species are unknown. Bull trout and smallmouth bass have significantly different temperature preferences and tolerances, with bull trout being one of the most sensitive coldwater species and bass being a warm water species. Lake Laurance, a relatively high-altitude reservoir at 890 m (2,920 feet), does not provide ideal bass habitat so these two species may have largely non-overlapping distributions or differing activity periods (Terry Shrader, ODFW warmwater fish biologist, personal communication). However, based on past reservoir temperature data (Berger et al. 2005), there are periods in the reservoir when there is potential for bull trout and bass interaction: periods when bull trout are susceptible to bass predation and when juvenile fish might compete for resources. Spawning activity of the Hood River local population has been observed in a few locations within the Middle Fork of Hood River (Figure 1). Although consistent and extensive spawning areas for this population are not known, some of the locations where juvenile rearing or potential bull trout redds have been observed include the Middle Fork Hood River and some of its tributaries: Bear Creek, Compass Creek and Coe Branch (USFWS 2004). However, Coe Branch, Compass Creek, and the Middle Fork are glacial streams with a high volume of sand and silt which may compromise spawning success. No bull trout spawning or rearing has been observed on the East and West Forks of Hood River. The Middle Fork and mainstem Hood River provide foraging, migration and overwintering habitat. Hood River bull trout are also known to migrate into the Columbia River. Two bull trout tagged at Powerdale Dam (RK 7.2 of mainstem Hood River) were recovered near Drano Lake in Washington State; and one was captured 11 kilometers downstream of the confluence of the Hood and Columbia Rivers (USFWS 2004). Every year (usually between May and July), adult bull trout, presumably migrating upstream from the Columbia River, are captured and anchor tagged at Powerdale Dam. Although some of these tagged fish have been observed upstream (one in Coe Branch and three below Clear Branch dam), the spawning destination of fluvial adults within the Hood River basin is largely unknown. Dispersing juvenile bull trout and migrating adults in this local population are threatened by flow diversions with inadequate screening and passage facilities. Several structures are suspected to impede upstream migration or entrain juvenile and adult bull trout into irrigation works (Pribyl et al. 1996, HRWG 1999). These structures include: the diversion at Clear Branch Dam (passage and screening), Coe Branch (passage and screening), and the Farmers Irrigation District diversion (screening) on the mainstem Hood River (HRWG 1999). However, little research has been conducted to assess the impacts of these structures on migrating bull trout. Beyond a general knowledge of the distribution of Hood River bull trout and the nature of anthropogenic factors that potentially restrict their life history and habitat connectivity, little is known about this recovery unit. Baseline information about adult abundance is lacking for both local populations, the potential of a source (Clear Branch) and sink (Hood River) relationship between the two local populations has not been explored, and the migratory life history of adult fish caught at Powerdale Dam is unknown. The degree to which irrigation and hydropower diversions hamper connectivity within the Hood River basin is also poorly understood. Migratory life histories have been viewed as key to species persistence (Rieman and McIntyre 1995; Dunham and Rieman 1999), and understanding movement patterns and associated habitat requirements are critical to maintaining those migratory forms (Muhlfeld and Morotz 2005; Hostettler 2005). Gaining this information is also critical to evaluating bull trout recovery in the Hood River Subbasin (Coccoli 2004). The Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (ODFW) initiated a study in 2006 to improve our understanding of the abundance, life history, and potential limiting factors of the bull trout in this recovery unit. This report describes findings for the first two years of the study (2006-2007). Specific study objectives for the first two years were: 1. Determine the migratory life history of Hood River bull trout and assess the potential impacts of flow diversions and two new falls on the Middle Fork Hood River (scoured by the November 2006 glacial outburst) on bull trout migrations. 2. Determine current distribution of bull trout reproduction and early rearing in historical and potential bull trout streams in the Hood River Subbasin. 3. Determine the juvenile and adult life history the Clear Branch local population and develop a statistically reliable and cost-effective protocol for monitoring the abundance of adult Clear Branch bull trout. 4. Assess the potential impact of smallmouth bass on bull trout in Laurance Lake Reservoir. Title: Hood River Bull Trout Abundance, Life History, and Habitat Connectivity, 2007 Progress Reports 2007 Abstract -- Hood River bull trout are thought to exist as two independent reproductive units (USFWS 2004), known as local populations (Rieman and McIntyre 1995). The Clear Branch local population is isolated above Clear Branch Dam, which provides limited downstream fish passage during infrequent and sporadic periods of spill and no upstream passage. Bull trout in this population inhabit Laurance Lake Reservoir and tributaries upstream of Clear Branch Dam. The Hood River local population occurs in the mainstem Hood River and Middle Fork Hood River downstream of the Clear Branch Dam and a small number of adult bull trout migrate each year into the Hood River from the Columbia River (Figure 1). The status of both populations is extremely precarious. The Clear Branch population is at risk of a random extinction event due to low numbers, negative interactions with non-native smallmouth bass, isolation and limited spawning habitat (USFWS, 1998). The Hood River population also appears to be small and is threatened by passage barriers, unscreened irrigation systems, impaired water quality and periodic siltation of spawning substrate by glacial outbursts. Clear Branch bull trout spawn in Clear Branch and Pinnacle Creek. After rearing in these two natal streams for an unknown time period, most are believed to migrate downstream to Laurance Lake Reservoir. Clear Branch bull trout have been documented passing over the dam spillway during high water events (Pribyl et al. 1996) and may provide a recruitment source for the Hood River local population. Adult bull trout tagged at Powerdale Dam have been observed at Coe Branch irrigation diversion and in a trap at the base of Clear Branch dam. These fish may have been attempting to reach spawning areas located upstream of the dam. However, the success of bull trout migrating downstream via the spillway or the possibility of successfully navigating through the diversion network has never been determined. Depending on the water year, the Middle Fork Irrigation District (MFID) may not spill at all, or the timing of the spill may not coincide with the timing of downstream migration, which is currently unknown (East Fork Hood River and Middle Fork Hood River Watershed analysis). Smallmouth bass were discovered in Lake Laurance Reservoir in the 1990s. Creel surveys have shown that large adult bass are caught occasionally in the reservoir and schools of bass fry have been seen by district fish biologist (Rod French, ODFW, personal communication), suggesting that they are spawning successfully. This illegal introduction poses a potential threat to the Clear Branch bull trout population, but its magnitude is unknown because the bass population size and degree of interaction between the two species are unknown. Bull trout and smallmouth bass have significantly different temperature preferences and tolerances, with bull trout being one of the most sensitive coldwater species and bass being a warm water species. Lake Laurance, a relatively high-altitude reservoir at 890 m (2,920 feet), does not provide ideal bass habitat so these two species may have largely non-overlapping distributions or differing activity periods (Terry Shrader, ODFW warmwater fish biologist, personal communication). However, based on past reservoir temperature data (Berger et al. 2005), there are periods in the reservoir when there is potential for bull trout and bass interaction: periods when bull trout are susceptible to bass predation and when juvenile fish might compete for resources. Spawning activity of the Hood River local population has been observed in a few locations within the Middle Fork of Hood River (Figure 1). Although consistent and extensive spawning areas for this population are not known, some of the locations where juvenile rearing or potential bull trout redds have been observed include the Middle Fork Hood River and some of its tributaries: Bear Creek, Compass Creek and Coe Branch (USFWS 2004). However, Coe Branch, Compass Creek, and the Middle Fork are glacial streams with a high volume of sand and silt which may compromise spawning success. No bull trout spawning or rearing has been observed on the East and West Forks of Hood River. The Middle Fork and mainstem Hood River provide foraging, migration and overwintering habitat. Hood River bull trout are also known to migrate into the Columbia River. Two bull trout tagged at Powerdale Dam (RK 7.2 of mainstem Hood River) were recovered near Drano Lake in Washington State; and one was captured 11 kilometers downstream of the confluence of the Hood and Columbia Rivers (USFWS 2004). Every year (usually between May and July), adult bull trout, presumably migrating upstream from the Columbia River, are captured and anchor tagged at Powerdale Dam. Although some of these tagged fish have been observed upstream (one in Coe Branch and three below Clear Branch dam), the spawning destination of fluvial adults within the Hood River basin is largely unknown. Dispersing juvenile bull trout and migrating adults in this local population are threatened by flow diversions with inadequate screening and passage facilities. Several structures are suspected to impede upstream migration or entrain juvenile and adult bull trout into irrigation works (Pribyl et al. 1996, HRWG 1999). These structures include: the diversion at Clear Branch Dam (passage and screening), Coe Branch (passage and screening), and the Farmers Irrigation District diversion (screening) on the mainstem Hood River (HRWG 1999). However, little research has been conducted to assess the impacts of these structures on migrating bull trout. Beyond a general knowledge of the distribution of Hood River bull trout and the nature of anthropogenic factors that potentially restrict their life history and habitat connectivity, little is known about this recovery unit. Baseline information about adult abundance is lacking for both local populations, the potential of a source (Clear Branch) and sink (Hood River) relationship between the two local populations has not been explored, and the migratory life history of adult fish caught at Powerdale Dam is unknown. The degree to which irrigation and hydropower diversions hamper connectivity within the Hood River basin is also poorly understood. Migratory life histories have been viewed as key to species persistence (Rieman and McIntyre 1995; Dunham and Rieman 1999), and understanding movement patterns and associated habitat requirements are critical to maintaining those migratory forms (Muhlfeld and Morotz 2005; Hostettler 2005). Gaining this information is also critical to evaluating bull trout recovery in the Hood River Subbasin (Coccoli 2004). The Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (ODFW) initiated a study in 2006 to improve our understanding of the abundance, life history, and potential limiting factors of the bull trout in this recovery unit. This report describes findings for the first two years of the study (2006-2007). Specific study objectives for the first two years were: 1. Determine the migratory life history of Hood River bull trout and assess the potential impacts of flow diversions and two new falls on the Middle Fork Hood River (scoured by the November 2006 glacial outburst) on bull trout migrations. 2. Determine current distribution of bull trout reproduction and early rearing in historical and potential bull trout streams in the Hood River Subbasin. 3. Determine the juvenile and adult life history the Clear Branch local population and develop a statistically reliable and cost-effective protocol for monitoring the abundance of adult Clear Branch bull trout. 4. Assess the potential impact of smallmouth bass on bull trout in Laurance Lake Reservoir. Close

• 2512. [Article] Warner Valley Fish Investigations- Warner Suckers Progress Reports 2008

  Abstract -- The Warner sucker (Catostomus warnerensis) is endemic to the Warner Valley, an endorheic subbasin of the Great Basin in southeastern Oregon and northwestern Nevada. This species was historically ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Warner Valley Fish Investigations- Warner Suckers Progress Reports 2008 Abstract -- The Warner sucker (Catostomus warnerensis) is endemic to the Warner Valley, an endorheic subbasin of the Great Basin in southeastern Oregon and northwestern Nevada. This species was historically abundant and its historical range includes three permanent lakes (Hart, Crump, and Pelican), several ephemeral lakes, a network of sloughs and diversion canals, and three major tributary drainages (Honey, Deep, and Twentymile Creeks). Warner sucker abundance and distribution has declined over the past century and it was federally listed as threatened in 1985 due to habitat fragmentation and threats posed by the proliferation of piscivorous non-native game fishes (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 1985). The Warner Valley is a northeast-southwest trending endorheic basin which extends approximately 90 km (Figure 1). The elevation of the valley floor is approximately 1,370 m and the basin is bound by fault block escarpments, the Warner Rim on the west and Hart Mountain and Poker Jim Ridge on the east. The Warner basin was formed during the middle Tertiary and late Quaternary geologic periods as a result of volcanic and tectonic activity (Baldwin 1976). Abundant precipitation during the Pleistocene Epoch resulted in the formation of Pluvial Lake Warner (Hubbs and Miller 1948). At its maximum extent approximately 11,000 years ago, the lake reached approximately 100 m in depth and 1,300 km2 in area (Snyder et al. 1964, Weide 1975). In 2008, precipitation and snow pack were near average and Hart and Crump Lakes never filled completely. In 2007, Crump Lake water levels were very low with less than a quarter of the surface area wetted during the winter. Both lakes have been watered continuously since 1993. The Warner sucker inhabits the lakes and low gradient stream reaches of the Warner Valley. Two life history forms are present that comprise the metapopulation of Warner suckers: lake and stream morphs. The lake suckers are lacustrine adfluvial or potamodromous fish which normally spawn in the streams. However, upstream migration may be blocked by low stream flows during dry water years or by irrigation diversion dams and spawning may occur in nearshore areas of the lakes (White et al. 1990). The stream suckers inhabit and spawn in the three major tributary drainages (Honey, Deep, and Twentymile Creeks). Large lake-dwelling populations of introduced fishes in the lakes likely reduce sucker recruitment by predation on young suckers (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 1998). The Recovery Plan for the Threatened and Rare Native Fishes of the Warner Basin and Alkali Subbasin (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 1998) sets recovery criteria for delisting the species. These criteria require that (1) a self-sustaining metapopulation is distributed throughout the Twentymile, Honey, and Deep Creek (below the falls) drainages, and in Pelican, Crump, and Hart Lakes, (2) passage is restored within and among the Twentymile, Honey, and Deep Creek (below the falls) drainages so that the individual populations of Warner suckers can function as a metapopulation, and (3) no threats exist that would likely threaten the survival of the species over a significant portion of its range. In 2008, we conducted investigations in Hart and Crump Lakes to quantify the abundance and distribution of Warner suckers, to search for evidence of recent recruitment, and to estimate sucker abundance relative to nonnative fish abundance. In addition we investigated growth and movement patterns. We used Passive Integrated Transponder (PIT) tagged suckers to determine growth rates and movements, tracked radio-tagged suckers to document seasonal spawning migrations, fished a screw trap in Twelvemile Creek to monitor downstream movements, and operated a trap at the Dyke diversion dam on Twentymile Creek to monitor upstream movements. Title: Warner Valley Fish Investigations- Warner Suckers Progress Reports 2008 Abstract -- The Warner sucker (Catostomus warnerensis) is endemic to the Warner Valley, an endorheic subbasin of the Great Basin in southeastern Oregon and northwestern Nevada. This species was historically abundant and its historical range includes three permanent lakes (Hart, Crump, and Pelican), several ephemeral lakes, a network of sloughs and diversion canals, and three major tributary drainages (Honey, Deep, and Twentymile Creeks). Warner sucker abundance and distribution has declined over the past century and it was federally listed as threatened in 1985 due to habitat fragmentation and threats posed by the proliferation of piscivorous non-native game fishes (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 1985). The Warner Valley is a northeast-southwest trending endorheic basin which extends approximately 90 km (Figure 1). The elevation of the valley floor is approximately 1,370 m and the basin is bound by fault block escarpments, the Warner Rim on the west and Hart Mountain and Poker Jim Ridge on the east. The Warner basin was formed during the middle Tertiary and late Quaternary geologic periods as a result of volcanic and tectonic activity (Baldwin 1976). Abundant precipitation during the Pleistocene Epoch resulted in the formation of Pluvial Lake Warner (Hubbs and Miller 1948). At its maximum extent approximately 11,000 years ago, the lake reached approximately 100 m in depth and 1,300 km2 in area (Snyder et al. 1964, Weide 1975). In 2008, precipitation and snow pack were near average and Hart and Crump Lakes never filled completely. In 2007, Crump Lake water levels were very low with less than a quarter of the surface area wetted during the winter. Both lakes have been watered continuously since 1993. The Warner sucker inhabits the lakes and low gradient stream reaches of the Warner Valley. Two life history forms are present that comprise the metapopulation of Warner suckers: lake and stream morphs. The lake suckers are lacustrine adfluvial or potamodromous fish which normally spawn in the streams. However, upstream migration may be blocked by low stream flows during dry water years or by irrigation diversion dams and spawning may occur in nearshore areas of the lakes (White et al. 1990). The stream suckers inhabit and spawn in the three major tributary drainages (Honey, Deep, and Twentymile Creeks). Large lake-dwelling populations of introduced fishes in the lakes likely reduce sucker recruitment by predation on young suckers (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 1998). The Recovery Plan for the Threatened and Rare Native Fishes of the Warner Basin and Alkali Subbasin (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 1998) sets recovery criteria for delisting the species. These criteria require that (1) a self-sustaining metapopulation is distributed throughout the Twentymile, Honey, and Deep Creek (below the falls) drainages, and in Pelican, Crump, and Hart Lakes, (2) passage is restored within and among the Twentymile, Honey, and Deep Creek (below the falls) drainages so that the individual populations of Warner suckers can function as a metapopulation, and (3) no threats exist that would likely threaten the survival of the species over a significant portion of its range. In 2008, we conducted investigations in Hart and Crump Lakes to quantify the abundance and distribution of Warner suckers, to search for evidence of recent recruitment, and to estimate sucker abundance relative to nonnative fish abundance. In addition we investigated growth and movement patterns. We used Passive Integrated Transponder (PIT) tagged suckers to determine growth rates and movements, tracked radio-tagged suckers to document seasonal spawning migrations, fished a screw trap in Twelvemile Creek to monitor downstream movements, and operated a trap at the Dyke diversion dam on Twentymile Creek to monitor upstream movements. Close

• 2513. [Article] Information Report 2018-01; Winter Habitat Condition of Oregon Coast Coho Salmon Populations, 2007-2014

  Abstract -- In this report we summarize results of eight years (2007-2014) of habitat surveys for 18 independent Oregon coast coho salmon populations across four monitoring strata (North Coast, Mid Coast, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Information Report 2018-01; Winter Habitat Condition of Oregon Coast Coho Salmon Populations, 2007-2014 Abstract -- In this report we summarize results of eight years (2007-2014) of habitat surveys for 18 independent Oregon coast coho salmon populations across four monitoring strata (North Coast, Mid Coast, MidSouth Coast, and Umpqua) in the Oregon Coast Coho Salmon Evolutionary Significant Unit (ESU). We also sampled dependent population blocks across three monitoring strata (North Coast, Mid Coast, and Mid-South Coast). Using a spatially balanced site selection process (Generalized Random Tessellation Stratification; GRTS) we surveyed 451 unique sites within the range of coho salmon spawning or rearing. With the exception of the 2014 survey year, habitat data were collected during winter conditions (February – March). Habitat sampled in 2014 occurred within the summer field season (June – September). We used a Habitat Limiting Factors Model (HLFM) to estimate habitat capacity for winter coho parr and the HabRate model to assess habitat quality for each surveyed stream reach. HLFM estimates were expanded based on the total coho distribution in each population. Based on the habitat data the HLFM predicted the Floras population could support the highest density of juvenile coho (1568 parr/km), while the streams in the Siltcoos watershed could support the least (290 parr/km). At the ESU-level, there was no detectable change of high quality rearing habitat (= 1850 parr/km) when compared to previous studies, but changes were observed among populations over the course of these survey years. We compared individual habitat metrics across populations, land use, geology, and between independent and dependent populations. While no significant differences were observed between independent and dependent populations, differences in habitat metrics were detected among individual populations, land use types, and geologies. In addition, we detected a difference in reproductive habitat quality (spawning and emergence) between both populations and land use types. Title: Information Report 2018-01; Winter Habitat Condition of Oregon Coast Coho Salmon Populations, 2007-2014 Abstract -- In this report we summarize results of eight years (2007-2014) of habitat surveys for 18 independent Oregon coast coho salmon populations across four monitoring strata (North Coast, Mid Coast, MidSouth Coast, and Umpqua) in the Oregon Coast Coho Salmon Evolutionary Significant Unit (ESU). We also sampled dependent population blocks across three monitoring strata (North Coast, Mid Coast, and Mid-South Coast). Using a spatially balanced site selection process (Generalized Random Tessellation Stratification; GRTS) we surveyed 451 unique sites within the range of coho salmon spawning or rearing. With the exception of the 2014 survey year, habitat data were collected during winter conditions (February – March). Habitat sampled in 2014 occurred within the summer field season (June – September). We used a Habitat Limiting Factors Model (HLFM) to estimate habitat capacity for winter coho parr and the HabRate model to assess habitat quality for each surveyed stream reach. HLFM estimates were expanded based on the total coho distribution in each population. Based on the habitat data the HLFM predicted the Floras population could support the highest density of juvenile coho (1568 parr/km), while the streams in the Siltcoos watershed could support the least (290 parr/km). At the ESU-level, there was no detectable change of high quality rearing habitat (= 1850 parr/km) when compared to previous studies, but changes were observed among populations over the course of these survey years. We compared individual habitat metrics across populations, land use, geology, and between independent and dependent populations. While no significant differences were observed between independent and dependent populations, differences in habitat metrics were detected among individual populations, land use types, and geologies. In addition, we detected a difference in reproductive habitat quality (spawning and emergence) between both populations and land use types. Close

• 2514. [Article] Information Report 2018-04, Smolt Abundance Estimates for the Oregon Coast Coho Evolutionarily Significant Unit

  Abstract -- Analysis of Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) smolt abundance can provide insight on freshwater habitat capacity and factors affecting salmonid persistence. To explore these relationships ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Information Report 2018-04, Smolt Abundance Estimates for the Oregon Coast Coho Evolutionarily Significant Unit Abstract -- Analysis of Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) smolt abundance can provide insight on freshwater habitat capacity and factors affecting salmonid persistence. To explore these relationships we linked multi-year data sets of overwinter survival rates from three streams within the Oregon Coast Coho Evolutionarily Significant Unit (OCC) to summer parr abundance estimates from calibrated OCC-wide snorkel survey counts to estimate annual Coho Salmon smolt abundance from 2000-2017. Smolt abundance estimates ranged from a low of 0.9 million in 2000 to a high of 4.1 million in 2013 within the OCC. Accuracy of the smolt abundance estimates was tested using two datasets: (i) adult abundance modeled from the corresponding smolt abundance estimate was compared with adult abundance derived empirically from spawning ground surveys and (ii) our smolt abundance estimates were compared with smolt abundance estimates from trapping efforts in select basins within the OCC. Adult abundance modeled from smolt abundance estimates was highly correlated with adult abundance from spawning ground surveys (r = 0.88, p < 0.001) and smolt abundance estimates correlated with abundance from smolt trapping efforts (r = 0.81, p <0.001). Graphical relationships between smolt abundance and parental abundance suggest that freshwater productivity may be limited in the OCC by density dependent processes at spawner levels observed since 1998. Additionally, smolt abundance estimates have potential use as a variable in adult forecast models and could be used to assess trends in freshwater productivity and to probe factors of density dependence. Title: Information Report 2018-04, Smolt Abundance Estimates for the Oregon Coast Coho Evolutionarily Significant Unit Abstract -- Analysis of Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) smolt abundance can provide insight on freshwater habitat capacity and factors affecting salmonid persistence. To explore these relationships we linked multi-year data sets of overwinter survival rates from three streams within the Oregon Coast Coho Evolutionarily Significant Unit (OCC) to summer parr abundance estimates from calibrated OCC-wide snorkel survey counts to estimate annual Coho Salmon smolt abundance from 2000-2017. Smolt abundance estimates ranged from a low of 0.9 million in 2000 to a high of 4.1 million in 2013 within the OCC. Accuracy of the smolt abundance estimates was tested using two datasets: (i) adult abundance modeled from the corresponding smolt abundance estimate was compared with adult abundance derived empirically from spawning ground surveys and (ii) our smolt abundance estimates were compared with smolt abundance estimates from trapping efforts in select basins within the OCC. Adult abundance modeled from smolt abundance estimates was highly correlated with adult abundance from spawning ground surveys (r = 0.88, p < 0.001) and smolt abundance estimates correlated with abundance from smolt trapping efforts (r = 0.81, p <0.001). Graphical relationships between smolt abundance and parental abundance suggest that freshwater productivity may be limited in the OCC by density dependent processes at spawner levels observed since 1998. Additionally, smolt abundance estimates have potential use as a variable in adult forecast models and could be used to assess trends in freshwater productivity and to probe factors of density dependence. Close

• 2515. [Article] Information Report 2018-02: Relative Performance of Alsea Hatchery Winter Steelhead Produced from Traditional and Wild Broodstocks

  Abstract -- The Alsea River, on the central Oregon coast, historically boasted a premier winter steelhead Oncorhychus mykiss fishery, with harvest estimates exceeding 10,000 fish (hatchery and wild combined) ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Information Report 2018-02: Relative Performance of Alsea Hatchery Winter Steelhead Produced from Traditional and Wild Broodstocks Abstract -- The Alsea River, on the central Oregon coast, historically boasted a premier winter steelhead Oncorhychus mykiss fishery, with harvest estimates exceeding 10,000 fish (hatchery and wild combined) between years 1963-85. By the early 1990s, the hatchery program had experienced a precipitous decline in adult return rates and harvest estimates, which prompted a change in management. Beginning in 2001, two winter steelhead broodstocks were used for smolt production: 1) a new broodstock comprised by “wild”, native steelhead returning to the basin and 2) the “traditional” segregated hatchery broodstock. To evaluate performance of these two broodstocks, three groups of differentially marked smolts were released into the Alsea River during each of three years (2012-2014). Results from creel surveys and trap monitoring (based on 2-salt returns) indicate that the wild broodstock had a longer more uniform run timing versus early season (December) front loading of the traditional stock, fewer detections of Alsea stock steelhead at non-release trapping sites at <7% over 3 seasons, greater harvest 3 out of 4 months sampled each season, and in-river harvest up to a 3:1 ratio over the “traditional” stock. The effectiveness of a lower river smolt release strategy to elicit a prolonged sport fishery in the lower river was assessed and found to provide minimal harvest to lower river anglers and had the lowest total adult return rate (harvest + trap catch) of all groups at <1% in each of the three years. Title: Information Report 2018-02: Relative Performance of Alsea Hatchery Winter Steelhead Produced from Traditional and Wild Broodstocks Abstract -- The Alsea River, on the central Oregon coast, historically boasted a premier winter steelhead Oncorhychus mykiss fishery, with harvest estimates exceeding 10,000 fish (hatchery and wild combined) between years 1963-85. By the early 1990s, the hatchery program had experienced a precipitous decline in adult return rates and harvest estimates, which prompted a change in management. Beginning in 2001, two winter steelhead broodstocks were used for smolt production: 1) a new broodstock comprised by “wild”, native steelhead returning to the basin and 2) the “traditional” segregated hatchery broodstock. To evaluate performance of these two broodstocks, three groups of differentially marked smolts were released into the Alsea River during each of three years (2012-2014). Results from creel surveys and trap monitoring (based on 2-salt returns) indicate that the wild broodstock had a longer more uniform run timing versus early season (December) front loading of the traditional stock, fewer detections of Alsea stock steelhead at non-release trapping sites at <7% over 3 seasons, greater harvest 3 out of 4 months sampled each season, and in-river harvest up to a 3:1 ratio over the “traditional” stock. The effectiveness of a lower river smolt release strategy to elicit a prolonged sport fishery in the lower river was assessed and found to provide minimal harvest to lower river anglers and had the lowest total adult return rate (harvest + trap catch) of all groups at <1% in each of the three years. Close

• 2516. [Article] 2017 Bull Trout Redd Monitoring in the Wallowa Mountains

  Abstract -- Bull trout were listed as threatened under the Endangered Species Act in 1998 due to declining populations. The U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Service) recommends monitoring bull trout in subbasins ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: 2017 Bull Trout Redd Monitoring in the Wallowa Mountains Abstract -- Bull trout were listed as threatened under the Endangered Species Act in 1998 due to declining populations. The U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Service) recommends monitoring bull trout in subbasins where little is known about the populations, including the Grande Ronde and Imnaha subbasins. Spawning survey data is important for determining relative abundance and distribution trends in bull trout populations. This report summarizes the 2017 bull trout spawning data collected in the Wallowa Mountains of northeast Oregon and compares this with past years’ data. Bull trout spawning surveys have been conducted on similar index areas for selected Grande Ronde and Imnaha River streams from 1999 to 2017. These surveyed streams are located within the Wallowa River/Minam River and Imnaha River bull trout core areas. Surveys in 2017 were conducted by the Nez Perce Tribe (NPT), the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (ODFW), the Service, U.S. Forest Service (USFS), Freshwater Trust, and fisheries consultants. Objectives of the survey included: (1) locate bull trout spawning areas; (2) determine redd characteristics; (3) determine bull trout timing of spawning; (4) collect spawning density data; (5) determine and compare the spatial distribution of redds along the Lostine River in 2006 through 2017; and (6) over time use all of the data to assess local bull trout population trends and the long-term recovery of bull trout. Timing of spawning, total redds, redd sizes, and redd locations are documented in the report. Title: 2017 Bull Trout Redd Monitoring in the Wallowa Mountains Abstract -- Bull trout were listed as threatened under the Endangered Species Act in 1998 due to declining populations. The U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Service) recommends monitoring bull trout in subbasins where little is known about the populations, including the Grande Ronde and Imnaha subbasins. Spawning survey data is important for determining relative abundance and distribution trends in bull trout populations. This report summarizes the 2017 bull trout spawning data collected in the Wallowa Mountains of northeast Oregon and compares this with past years’ data. Bull trout spawning surveys have been conducted on similar index areas for selected Grande Ronde and Imnaha River streams from 1999 to 2017. These surveyed streams are located within the Wallowa River/Minam River and Imnaha River bull trout core areas. Surveys in 2017 were conducted by the Nez Perce Tribe (NPT), the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (ODFW), the Service, U.S. Forest Service (USFS), Freshwater Trust, and fisheries consultants. Objectives of the survey included: (1) locate bull trout spawning areas; (2) determine redd characteristics; (3) determine bull trout timing of spawning; (4) collect spawning density data; (5) determine and compare the spatial distribution of redds along the Lostine River in 2006 through 2017; and (6) over time use all of the data to assess local bull trout population trends and the long-term recovery of bull trout. Timing of spawning, total redds, redd sizes, and redd locations are documented in the report. Close

• 2517. [Article] Coastal Coho Production Factors, Progress Report 1982

  Abstract -- Job 3 Summary: Our goal is to develop a method to estimate escapement of wild coho salmon spawners to coastal streams within +/- 10% of the true number. No work was undertaken on this job ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Coastal Coho Production Factors, Progress Report 1982 Abstract -- Job 3 Summary: Our goal is to develop a method to estimate escapement of wild coho salmon spawners to coastal streams within +/- 10% of the true number. No work was undertaken on this job in FY 1982. Funds were used to offset increased costs of Job 4. Job 4 Summary: Our goal is to determine the factors important in limiting the production of wild and hatchery reared coho salmon in Oregon. Tasks for FY 1982: During FY 1982 we planned to: (1) prepare a review paper on past coho release strategies and develop recommendations for changes that may increase coho production from Oregon hatcheries; (2) complete all logistics and implement, the release of three groups of coho in the ocean release experiment; and (3) develop an historical data base of physical oceanographic factors that may influence coho salmon survival and growth. Accomplishments in FY 1982: An information report on coho release strategies was completed (Johnson 1982). The ocean release experiment was conducted in June 1982. We have obtained and tabulated historical records of upwelling indices, sea level measurements, sea surface temperature records, and spring upwelling transition dates. Title: Coastal Coho Production Factors, Progress Report 1982 Abstract -- Job 3 Summary: Our goal is to develop a method to estimate escapement of wild coho salmon spawners to coastal streams within +/- 10% of the true number. No work was undertaken on this job in FY 1982. Funds were used to offset increased costs of Job 4. Job 4 Summary: Our goal is to determine the factors important in limiting the production of wild and hatchery reared coho salmon in Oregon. Tasks for FY 1982: During FY 1982 we planned to: (1) prepare a review paper on past coho release strategies and develop recommendations for changes that may increase coho production from Oregon hatcheries; (2) complete all logistics and implement, the release of three groups of coho in the ocean release experiment; and (3) develop an historical data base of physical oceanographic factors that may influence coho salmon survival and growth. Accomplishments in FY 1982: An information report on coho release strategies was completed (Johnson 1982). The ocean release experiment was conducted in June 1982. We have obtained and tabulated historical records of upwelling indices, sea level measurements, sea surface temperature records, and spring upwelling transition dates. Close

• 2518. [Article] Fish Management Plan Middle Creek (Tributary of North Fork Coquille River) 1979

  Abstract -- Middle Creek is a large tributary of the North Fork Coquille River, entering at RM 19. The stream is about 62 miles long, but only 45 miles are available to anadromous fish. The watershed contains ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Fish Management Plan Middle Creek (Tributary of North Fork Coquille River) 1979 Abstract -- Middle Creek is a large tributary of the North Fork Coquille River, entering at RM 19. The stream is about 62 miles long, but only 45 miles are available to anadromous fish. The watershed contains fair to good habitat, and physical stream survey information has been collected. Middle Creek contains resident and anadromous cutthroat trout, winter steelhead, and coho salmon. Hatchery fish are not released into the system. There are no special angling regulations in effect at present. In July 1979, the Oregon Fish and Wildlife Commission accepted the Department's recommendation to continue to manage Middle Creek for wild trout and steelhead. Choosing a management option for salmon will be deferred until ODFW develops a coast-wide salmon management plan. At that time, staff biologists will decide on a final recommendation to the Commission regarding the need or desirability for releasing hatchery salmon into Middle Creek. Title: Fish Management Plan Middle Creek (Tributary of North Fork Coquille River) 1979 Abstract -- Middle Creek is a large tributary of the North Fork Coquille River, entering at RM 19. The stream is about 62 miles long, but only 45 miles are available to anadromous fish. The watershed contains fair to good habitat, and physical stream survey information has been collected. Middle Creek contains resident and anadromous cutthroat trout, winter steelhead, and coho salmon. Hatchery fish are not released into the system. There are no special angling regulations in effect at present. In July 1979, the Oregon Fish and Wildlife Commission accepted the Department's recommendation to continue to manage Middle Creek for wild trout and steelhead. Choosing a management option for salmon will be deferred until ODFW develops a coast-wide salmon management plan. At that time, staff biologists will decide on a final recommendation to the Commission regarding the need or desirability for releasing hatchery salmon into Middle Creek. Close

• 2519. [Article] Yachats River Basin Fish Management Plan 1997

  Abstract -- The Yachats River Basin is one in a series of similar watersheds in the Oregon coastal mountain range extending from the Nehalem to the Coquille. Rivers and streams in these watersheds generally ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Yachats River Basin Fish Management Plan 1997 Abstract -- The Yachats River Basin is one in a series of similar watersheds in the Oregon coastal mountain range extending from the Nehalem to the Coquille. Rivers and streams in these watersheds generally occur in a forest dominated landscape, have moderate gradients, and medium to large estuaries. There are few dams that substantially affect anadromous fish runs. Water withdrawals impact only a small portion of the total miles of stream habitat. Water quality and temperatures are suitable for salmonids for the entire year in most areas. Rainfall throughout the area is heavy, resulting in a high density of streams relative to watershed area. The Yachats River system has about 69 contiguous miles of stream suitable for salmonids. Some of these stream reaches are highly productive. The Yachats River Basin has traditionally been managed for production of wild salmonids. Few hatchery fish have been released in the Yachats River Basin historically and none has been released in the past several decades. All salmonid species in the Yachats River Basin are at depressed levels with the exception of resident cutthroat trout. The depressed status of Yachats River Basin fish stocks has resulted from human induced factors including habitat degradation, excessive harvest, and hatchery influence (from adjacent streams) in combination with natural events such as droughts, floods and El Nino ocean conditions. As human induced factors are controlled and corrected, it is expected that fish abundance will increase substantially, but it is not possible to accurately forecast the shape recovery will take. In addition to the confounding effects of natural environmental variation, the recovery of individual fish species due to reduction in human impacts can only be loosely surmised. For this reason, this management plan will treat specific management targets for individual species as secondary to recovery of the entire basin and assemblage of fish species. Title: Yachats River Basin Fish Management Plan 1997 Abstract -- The Yachats River Basin is one in a series of similar watersheds in the Oregon coastal mountain range extending from the Nehalem to the Coquille. Rivers and streams in these watersheds generally occur in a forest dominated landscape, have moderate gradients, and medium to large estuaries. There are few dams that substantially affect anadromous fish runs. Water withdrawals impact only a small portion of the total miles of stream habitat. Water quality and temperatures are suitable for salmonids for the entire year in most areas. Rainfall throughout the area is heavy, resulting in a high density of streams relative to watershed area. The Yachats River system has about 69 contiguous miles of stream suitable for salmonids. Some of these stream reaches are highly productive. The Yachats River Basin has traditionally been managed for production of wild salmonids. Few hatchery fish have been released in the Yachats River Basin historically and none has been released in the past several decades. All salmonid species in the Yachats River Basin are at depressed levels with the exception of resident cutthroat trout. The depressed status of Yachats River Basin fish stocks has resulted from human induced factors including habitat degradation, excessive harvest, and hatchery influence (from adjacent streams) in combination with natural events such as droughts, floods and El Nino ocean conditions. As human induced factors are controlled and corrected, it is expected that fish abundance will increase substantially, but it is not possible to accurately forecast the shape recovery will take. In addition to the confounding effects of natural environmental variation, the recovery of individual fish species due to reduction in human impacts can only be loosely surmised. For this reason, this management plan will treat specific management targets for individual species as secondary to recovery of the entire basin and assemblage of fish species. Close

• 2520. [Article] Oregon Chub Investigations, Progress Report 2001

  Abstract -- Populations of Oregon chub Oregonichthys crameri, endemic to the Willamette Valley, have been drastically reduced. Factors in the decline of this fish include changes in flow regimes and habitat ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Oregon Chub Investigations, Progress Report 2001 Abstract -- Populations of Oregon chub Oregonichthys crameri, endemic to the Willamette Valley, have been drastically reduced. Factors in the decline of this fish include changes in flow regimes and habitat characteristics resulting from the construction of flood control dams, revetments, channelization, diking, and the drainage of wetlands. The Oregon chub is further threatened by predation and competition by non-native species such as largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides, small mouth bass M. dolomieui, crappies Pomoxis sp., sunfishes Lepomis sp., bullheads Ameiurus sp., and western mosquitofish Gambusia affinis. We surveyed in the Willamette River drainage in April-October 2000 to quantify existing Oregon chub populations, search for unknown populations, evaluate potential introduction sites, and monitor introduced populations. We sampled a total of 77 sites in 2000. We collected Oregon chub for the first time from Barnard Slough in the Middle Fork Willamette drainage. Oregon chub were last collected from this location in 1983 (Bond 1984). Thirty-one of the 77 sites were new sites that were sampled for the first time in 2000. Forty-six sites, sampled in 1991-1999, were revisited. Three sites were sampled twice. We confirmed the continued existence of Oregon chub at 20 locations. These include naturally occurring populations in the Santiam drainage (Geren Island, Santiam Conservation Easement, Gray Slough, Santiam 1-5 backwaters, Pioneer Park backwater, Santiam Public Works Pond), Mid-Willamette drainage (Finley Gray Creek Swamp) and Middle Fork Willamette drainage (Dexter Reservoir Alcoves, East Fork Minnow Creek Pond, Shady Dell Pond, Buckhead Creek, Oakridge Slough, Elijah Bristow State Park, Rattlesnake Creek, and Hospital Pond) and introduced populations in the Middle Fork Willamette (Wicopee Pond, Fall Creek Spillway Ponds), Santiam (Foster Pullout Pond), and Mid-Willamette drainages (Dunn Wetland, Finley Display Pond). Oregon chub were not found at several locations (Jasper Park Slough, Wallace Slough, East Ferrin Pond, Dexter East Alcove, Hospital lmpoundment Pond, Logan Slough, Green's Bridge Backwater, Camas Swale) where they were collected on at least one occasion between 1991-1999 (Scheerer et. al. 1992; 1993; 1994; 1995; 1996; 1998; 1999; 2000; Scheerer and Jones 1997). Non-native fish were common in off-channel habitats that were surveyed in the Willamette River drainage. Non-native fish were collected from 23 of the 31 new sites sampled in 1999 (74%); no fish were collected at three locations (10%). Western mosquitofish and centrarchids (largemouth bass and bluegill) were the most common non-native fish collected. Oregon chub were introduced into Menear's Bend Pond in the Santiam River drainage in the October 2000. Additional Oregon chub were introduced into Foster Pullout Pond in October 2000, to supplement the 85 fish introduced in 1999. In the summer of 2000, a habitat enhancement project creating new habitat to benefit Oregon chub was completed in the Long Tom drainage (Mid-Willamette River). Seven potential Oregon chub reintroduction sites were monitored and evaluated. These included four sites in the Mid-Willamette River drainage (Finley National Wildlife Refuge Beaver and Cattail Ponds, Ankeny National Wildlife Refuge Dunlin-Woodduck Pond, Long Tom Ranch Pond), one site in the Santiam River drainage (Menear's Bend Pond), one site in the McKenzie River drainage (Russell Pond), and one site in the Coast Fork Willamette drainage (Layng Pond). Estimates of abundance were obtained for naturally occurring populations of Oregon chub in East Fork Minnow Creek Pond, Shady Dell Pond, Elijah Bristow State Park Sloughs, Hospital Pond, Dexter Reservoir Alcoves, Buckhead Creek, Oakridge Slough, Santiam Conservation Easement Sloughs, Geren Island Ponds, and Finley Gray Creek Swamp. Five of these populations showed an increase in abundance in 2000 (East Fork Minnow Creek Pond, Shady Dell Pond, Middle Buckhead Creek, Dexter Reservoir Alcoves, Finley Gray Creek Swamp). Four populations decreased in abundance (or remain depressed) in 2000 (Geren Island, Santiam Conservation Easement, Elijah Bristow Sloughs, Oakridge Slough) (Table 1 ). Abundance estimates for introduced populations of Oregon chub were also obtained. The Oregon chub population in East Ferrin Pond declined from 7,200 fish in 1997 to O fish in 2000, and is presumed extinct. The Oregon chub population in the Fall Creek Spillway Pond totaled 5,030 fish in 2000, compared to 6,300 fish in 1999. The Oregon chub population in Wicopee Pond expanded dramatically from ~50 fish in 1999 to 4,580 fish in 2000. The Oregon chub population in the Dunn Wetland Ponds increased from 4,860 fish in 1999 to 14,090 fish in 2000. The Oregon chub population in Finley Display Pond increased from 360 fish in 1999 to 1,750 fish in 2000. Three of the four largest populations in 2000 were introduced populations. The Middle Fork Willamette River drainage supported the largest number of Oregon chub populations (n=12), followed by the Santiam drainage (n=B), and the Mid-Willamette drainage (n=5). The most abundant Oregon chub populations were found in the Middle Fork Willamette and Mid-Willamette drainages. The Oregon Chub Recovery Plan (U .S. Fish and Wildlife Service 1998) set a recovery goal for downlisting the species to "threatened" and for delisting the species. The criteria for downlisting the species was to establish and manage ten populations of at least 500 adult fish. All populations must exhibit a stable or increasing trend for five years. At least three populations must be located in each of the three sub-basins (Middle Fork Willamette River, Santiam River, Mid-Willamette River tributaries). In 2000, there were 11 populations totaling 500 or more individuals and six of these populations exhibited a stable or increasing trend for the past five years (Table 1 ). Five of these six populations were located in the Middle Fork Willamette drainage. In summary, Oregon chub remain at risk due to their limited distribution compared with their historic geographic range in the Willamette Valley, the loss of suitable habitat and the continued threats posed by the proliferation of non-native fishes, illegal water withdrawals, unauthorized fill and removal operations, and potential chemical spills or careless pesticide applications. Title: Oregon Chub Investigations, Progress Report 2001 Abstract -- Populations of Oregon chub Oregonichthys crameri, endemic to the Willamette Valley, have been drastically reduced. Factors in the decline of this fish include changes in flow regimes and habitat characteristics resulting from the construction of flood control dams, revetments, channelization, diking, and the drainage of wetlands. The Oregon chub is further threatened by predation and competition by non-native species such as largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides, small mouth bass M. dolomieui, crappies Pomoxis sp., sunfishes Lepomis sp., bullheads Ameiurus sp., and western mosquitofish Gambusia affinis. We surveyed in the Willamette River drainage in April-October 2000 to quantify existing Oregon chub populations, search for unknown populations, evaluate potential introduction sites, and monitor introduced populations. We sampled a total of 77 sites in 2000. We collected Oregon chub for the first time from Barnard Slough in the Middle Fork Willamette drainage. Oregon chub were last collected from this location in 1983 (Bond 1984). Thirty-one of the 77 sites were new sites that were sampled for the first time in 2000. Forty-six sites, sampled in 1991-1999, were revisited. Three sites were sampled twice. We confirmed the continued existence of Oregon chub at 20 locations. These include naturally occurring populations in the Santiam drainage (Geren Island, Santiam Conservation Easement, Gray Slough, Santiam 1-5 backwaters, Pioneer Park backwater, Santiam Public Works Pond), Mid-Willamette drainage (Finley Gray Creek Swamp) and Middle Fork Willamette drainage (Dexter Reservoir Alcoves, East Fork Minnow Creek Pond, Shady Dell Pond, Buckhead Creek, Oakridge Slough, Elijah Bristow State Park, Rattlesnake Creek, and Hospital Pond) and introduced populations in the Middle Fork Willamette (Wicopee Pond, Fall Creek Spillway Ponds), Santiam (Foster Pullout Pond), and Mid-Willamette drainages (Dunn Wetland, Finley Display Pond). Oregon chub were not found at several locations (Jasper Park Slough, Wallace Slough, East Ferrin Pond, Dexter East Alcove, Hospital lmpoundment Pond, Logan Slough, Green's Bridge Backwater, Camas Swale) where they were collected on at least one occasion between 1991-1999 (Scheerer et. al. 1992; 1993; 1994; 1995; 1996; 1998; 1999; 2000; Scheerer and Jones 1997). Non-native fish were common in off-channel habitats that were surveyed in the Willamette River drainage. Non-native fish were collected from 23 of the 31 new sites sampled in 1999 (74%); no fish were collected at three locations (10%). Western mosquitofish and centrarchids (largemouth bass and bluegill) were the most common non-native fish collected. Oregon chub were introduced into Menear's Bend Pond in the Santiam River drainage in the October 2000. Additional Oregon chub were introduced into Foster Pullout Pond in October 2000, to supplement the 85 fish introduced in 1999. In the summer of 2000, a habitat enhancement project creating new habitat to benefit Oregon chub was completed in the Long Tom drainage (Mid-Willamette River). Seven potential Oregon chub reintroduction sites were monitored and evaluated. These included four sites in the Mid-Willamette River drainage (Finley National Wildlife Refuge Beaver and Cattail Ponds, Ankeny National Wildlife Refuge Dunlin-Woodduck Pond, Long Tom Ranch Pond), one site in the Santiam River drainage (Menear's Bend Pond), one site in the McKenzie River drainage (Russell Pond), and one site in the Coast Fork Willamette drainage (Layng Pond). Estimates of abundance were obtained for naturally occurring populations of Oregon chub in East Fork Minnow Creek Pond, Shady Dell Pond, Elijah Bristow State Park Sloughs, Hospital Pond, Dexter Reservoir Alcoves, Buckhead Creek, Oakridge Slough, Santiam Conservation Easement Sloughs, Geren Island Ponds, and Finley Gray Creek Swamp. Five of these populations showed an increase in abundance in 2000 (East Fork Minnow Creek Pond, Shady Dell Pond, Middle Buckhead Creek, Dexter Reservoir Alcoves, Finley Gray Creek Swamp). Four populations decreased in abundance (or remain depressed) in 2000 (Geren Island, Santiam Conservation Easement, Elijah Bristow Sloughs, Oakridge Slough) (Table 1 ). Abundance estimates for introduced populations of Oregon chub were also obtained. The Oregon chub population in East Ferrin Pond declined from 7,200 fish in 1997 to O fish in 2000, and is presumed extinct. The Oregon chub population in the Fall Creek Spillway Pond totaled 5,030 fish in 2000, compared to 6,300 fish in 1999. The Oregon chub population in Wicopee Pond expanded dramatically from ~50 fish in 1999 to 4,580 fish in 2000. The Oregon chub population in the Dunn Wetland Ponds increased from 4,860 fish in 1999 to 14,090 fish in 2000. The Oregon chub population in Finley Display Pond increased from 360 fish in 1999 to 1,750 fish in 2000. Three of the four largest populations in 2000 were introduced populations. The Middle Fork Willamette River drainage supported the largest number of Oregon chub populations (n=12), followed by the Santiam drainage (n=B), and the Mid-Willamette drainage (n=5). The most abundant Oregon chub populations were found in the Middle Fork Willamette and Mid-Willamette drainages. The Oregon Chub Recovery Plan (U .S. Fish and Wildlife Service 1998) set a recovery goal for downlisting the species to "threatened" and for delisting the species. The criteria for downlisting the species was to establish and manage ten populations of at least 500 adult fish. All populations must exhibit a stable or increasing trend for five years. At least three populations must be located in each of the three sub-basins (Middle Fork Willamette River, Santiam River, Mid-Willamette River tributaries). In 2000, there were 11 populations totaling 500 or more individuals and six of these populations exhibited a stable or increasing trend for the past five years (Table 1 ). Five of these six populations were located in the Middle Fork Willamette drainage. In summary, Oregon chub remain at risk due to their limited distribution compared with their historic geographic range in the Willamette Valley, the loss of suitable habitat and the continued threats posed by the proliferation of non-native fishes, illegal water withdrawals, unauthorized fill and removal operations, and potential chemical spills or careless pesticide applications. Close