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• 2421. [Article] Intraethnic diversity : an exploratory study of ethnic identity of Chinese American adolescents

  The purpose of the study was to explore the ethnic identity of Chinese American adolescents through the investigation of relationships between ethnic identity and selected demographic, sociocultural, and ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Intraethnic diversity : an exploratory study of ethnic identity of Chinese American adolescents Author: Lee, Phyllis S. The purpose of the study was to explore the ethnic identity of Chinese American adolescents through the investigation of relationships between ethnic identity and selected demographic, sociocultural, and psychological characteristics. Data were obtained from 106 Chinese American youth between the ages of 14 and 21 through the use of two instruments designed for the study. Three dimensions of ethnic identity were measured by subscales of the Sinoethnic Identity Scale. Demographic, sociocultural, and psychological data were obtained from the Background Information Survey. The strongest ethnic identities were found in the traditional, or core, dimension which was comprised of fundamental values, customs, and traditions. Weaker ethnic identities were exhibited in the intermediate, or familial, dimension which was responsible for the transmission of the ethnic culture as well as the preparations for interfacing the larger society. It was suspected that this dimension held the greatest potential for intercultural and intragenerational conflicts for Chinese American adolescents. The neutral stance taken in the societal dimension suggested two divergent interpretations: students may be exhibiting ambivalent feelings toward their ethnic identities within the scheme of life, or students may have come to terms with the notion of bicultural identities. Step-wise multiple regression was used to analyze the data. School achievement emerged as the most significant variable in the traditional dimension, suggesting that a Chinese heritage may not ensure school success, but school success contributed to the definition of being Chinese. In the familial dimension it was found that the gender of the subject was the most important variable. Subjects appeared to be highly socialized into ethnically appropriate sex roles, although there were indications of disagreement with the actual practice of these roles. Church attendance was identified as the most significant variable of the societal dimension. Those who attended church exhibited stronger agreement with ethnically appropriate social behaviors and expressed preferences for social activities and relationships within the ethnic community. The findings indicated that ethnic identity was a multidimensional aspect in the lives of Chinese American youth. The three dimensions that comprised Chinese ethnic identity appeared to be differentially affected by demographic, sociocultural, and psychological phenomena. It was also speculated that there was a relationship between the acknowledgement and expression of ethnic identity and historical and contemporary social , economic, and political conditions of society. The range of intraethnic diversity expressed by Chinese American adolescents suggested the need for reexamination of assumptions and expectations currently held by educational personnel. Recommendations for future research which might lead to the provision of educational policies and practices appropriate to Chinese American youth, a more informed understanding of the Chinese experience in the United States, and a greater understanding of the impact of ethnic identity in the lives of minority youth were presented. Title: Intraethnic diversity : an exploratory study of ethnic identity of Chinese American adolescents Author: Lee, Phyllis S. The purpose of the study was to explore the ethnic identity of Chinese American adolescents through the investigation of relationships between ethnic identity and selected demographic, sociocultural, and psychological characteristics. Data were obtained from 106 Chinese American youth between the ages of 14 and 21 through the use of two instruments designed for the study. Three dimensions of ethnic identity were measured by subscales of the Sinoethnic Identity Scale. Demographic, sociocultural, and psychological data were obtained from the Background Information Survey. The strongest ethnic identities were found in the traditional, or core, dimension which was comprised of fundamental values, customs, and traditions. Weaker ethnic identities were exhibited in the intermediate, or familial, dimension which was responsible for the transmission of the ethnic culture as well as the preparations for interfacing the larger society. It was suspected that this dimension held the greatest potential for intercultural and intragenerational conflicts for Chinese American adolescents. The neutral stance taken in the societal dimension suggested two divergent interpretations: students may be exhibiting ambivalent feelings toward their ethnic identities within the scheme of life, or students may have come to terms with the notion of bicultural identities. Step-wise multiple regression was used to analyze the data. School achievement emerged as the most significant variable in the traditional dimension, suggesting that a Chinese heritage may not ensure school success, but school success contributed to the definition of being Chinese. In the familial dimension it was found that the gender of the subject was the most important variable. Subjects appeared to be highly socialized into ethnically appropriate sex roles, although there were indications of disagreement with the actual practice of these roles. Church attendance was identified as the most significant variable of the societal dimension. Those who attended church exhibited stronger agreement with ethnically appropriate social behaviors and expressed preferences for social activities and relationships within the ethnic community. The findings indicated that ethnic identity was a multidimensional aspect in the lives of Chinese American youth. The three dimensions that comprised Chinese ethnic identity appeared to be differentially affected by demographic, sociocultural, and psychological phenomena. It was also speculated that there was a relationship between the acknowledgement and expression of ethnic identity and historical and contemporary social , economic, and political conditions of society. The range of intraethnic diversity expressed by Chinese American adolescents suggested the need for reexamination of assumptions and expectations currently held by educational personnel. Recommendations for future research which might lead to the provision of educational policies and practices appropriate to Chinese American youth, a more informed understanding of the Chinese experience in the United States, and a greater understanding of the impact of ethnic identity in the lives of minority youth were presented. Close

• 2422. [Article] Why aren't pigeon guillemots in Prince William Sound, Alaska recovering from the Exxon Valdez oil spill?

  The Pigeon Guillemot (Cepphus columba) is now the only species of marine bird in Prince William Sound (PWS), Alaska that is listed as "not recovering" on the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill (EVOS) Trustee Council's ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Why aren't pigeon guillemots in Prince William Sound, Alaska recovering from the Exxon Valdez oil spill? Author: Bixler, Kirsten S. The Pigeon Guillemot (Cepphus columba) is now the only species of marine bird in Prince William Sound (PWS), Alaska that is listed as "not recovering" on the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill (EVOS) Trustee Council's Injured Resources List and has shown no sign of population recovery. During the 20 years since EVOS, the guillemot population in PWS has gradually declined by nearly 50% following the initial mortality event caused by direct contact with spilled oil. This decline has continued even though there is no longer evidence that guillemots are negatively affected by residual oil from EVOS. My objectives in this study were to (1) identify the primary factor now limiting Pigeon Guillemot population recovery at the Naked Island group, the most important historical breeding area for guillemots in PWS, and (2) determine whether guillemot population trends across PWS are consistent with my understanding of the primary limiting factor. I investigated two competing hypotheses for the lack of guillemot recovery at the Naked Island group: availability of high quality prey (i.e., schooling forage fish) and nest predation. The prevalence of schooling forage fish in the diet of Pigeon Guillemots at the Naked Island group has not recovered to pre- EVOS levels. However, data from both aerial surveys and beach seines provided evidence of an increase in abundance of schooling forage fish near the Naked Island group since the late 1990s. Yet between 1990 and 2008, there was a precipitous 12% per annum decline in the guillemot population at the Naked Island group, where mink are present, while at the nearby mink-free Smith Island group guillemot numbers were stable. The mortality rate of guillemot eggs and chicks at the Naked Island group was high during the late 1990s, largely attributable to predation by mink. The weight of evidence indicates that predation by mink is now the primary factor limiting the reproductive success and population recovery of Pigeon Guillemots at the Naked Island group. Differences in guillemot population trends between the Naked Island group and the remainder of PWS are also consistent with the mink predation hypothesis. The median decline in density of Pigeon Guillemots along transects at the Naked Island group was much greater (> 7 times) than the decline along transects throughout the remainder of PWS. The proportion of all guillemots in isolated pairs (as opposed to multi-pair groups) increased substantially only at the Naked Island group. This is consistent with the hypothesis that mink predation negatively affected guillemot colonies more than isolated nesting pairs; perhaps because guillemot nests in colonies were more apparent or more accessible to mink. At other high-density guillemot nesting areas in PWS, average group size of guillemots declined from 12 to 8 individuals suggesting that other factors may play a role in constraining of guillemots on a region-wide scale, perhaps availability of schooling forage fishes. Nevertheless, I conclude that the key to restoring the injured guillemot population at the Naked Island group is to eliminate mink predation pressure on guillemot eggs, nestlings, and attending adults. Title: Why aren't pigeon guillemots in Prince William Sound, Alaska recovering from the Exxon Valdez oil spill? Author: Bixler, Kirsten S. The Pigeon Guillemot (Cepphus columba) is now the only species of marine bird in Prince William Sound (PWS), Alaska that is listed as "not recovering" on the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill (EVOS) Trustee Council's Injured Resources List and has shown no sign of population recovery. During the 20 years since EVOS, the guillemot population in PWS has gradually declined by nearly 50% following the initial mortality event caused by direct contact with spilled oil. This decline has continued even though there is no longer evidence that guillemots are negatively affected by residual oil from EVOS. My objectives in this study were to (1) identify the primary factor now limiting Pigeon Guillemot population recovery at the Naked Island group, the most important historical breeding area for guillemots in PWS, and (2) determine whether guillemot population trends across PWS are consistent with my understanding of the primary limiting factor. I investigated two competing hypotheses for the lack of guillemot recovery at the Naked Island group: availability of high quality prey (i.e., schooling forage fish) and nest predation. The prevalence of schooling forage fish in the diet of Pigeon Guillemots at the Naked Island group has not recovered to pre- EVOS levels. However, data from both aerial surveys and beach seines provided evidence of an increase in abundance of schooling forage fish near the Naked Island group since the late 1990s. Yet between 1990 and 2008, there was a precipitous 12% per annum decline in the guillemot population at the Naked Island group, where mink are present, while at the nearby mink-free Smith Island group guillemot numbers were stable. The mortality rate of guillemot eggs and chicks at the Naked Island group was high during the late 1990s, largely attributable to predation by mink. The weight of evidence indicates that predation by mink is now the primary factor limiting the reproductive success and population recovery of Pigeon Guillemots at the Naked Island group. Differences in guillemot population trends between the Naked Island group and the remainder of PWS are also consistent with the mink predation hypothesis. The median decline in density of Pigeon Guillemots along transects at the Naked Island group was much greater (> 7 times) than the decline along transects throughout the remainder of PWS. The proportion of all guillemots in isolated pairs (as opposed to multi-pair groups) increased substantially only at the Naked Island group. This is consistent with the hypothesis that mink predation negatively affected guillemot colonies more than isolated nesting pairs; perhaps because guillemot nests in colonies were more apparent or more accessible to mink. At other high-density guillemot nesting areas in PWS, average group size of guillemots declined from 12 to 8 individuals suggesting that other factors may play a role in constraining of guillemots on a region-wide scale, perhaps availability of schooling forage fishes. Nevertheless, I conclude that the key to restoring the injured guillemot population at the Naked Island group is to eliminate mink predation pressure on guillemot eggs, nestlings, and attending adults. Close

• 2423. [Article] Community-based sea turtle conservation in Baja, Mexico : integrating science and culture

  This thesis discusses both theoretical and practical considerations inherent in conducting community-based research within a case study of sea turtle conservation in Baja California, Mexico. A brief background, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Community-based sea turtle conservation in Baja, Mexico : integrating science and culture Author: Bird, Kristin E. This thesis discusses both theoretical and practical considerations inherent in conducting community-based research within a case study of sea turtle conservation in Baja California, Mexico. A brief background, including the general ecology, status and distribution of sea turtles of the Baja peninsula is presented, with an overview of the current and historic use and management of sea turtles. Several sets of theories provide the context within which the case example is analyzed. A discussion of how concepts of "science" and "knowledge" are shaped and how these perceptions impact choices made in natural resource management and planning is presented. This includes a brief discussion of conservation ethics and conservation rationale, as well as a review of the debates surrounding indigenous knowledge and its application in conservation. A review of community-based efforts in sea turtle conservation is also presented. The data and analysis offered in this thesis is the result of two field seasons working as a member of an interdisciplinary sea turtle conservation team: conducting biological studies, surveys, informal and semi-structured interviews and participant observation. The major goal of this research project was to evaluate a people-oriented approach to conservation. The objectives of the Baja sea turtle conservation project included: the involvement of fishing communities in the development of conservation projects, the involvement of local students and fishermen in the collection of data and the public sharing of research results on a regular basis. Results of this case study suggest that through dependence on the host community for food, equipment, labor and guidance a special connection was established, fostering trust and building the partnerships necessary for long-term conservation success. For this reason, fishermen and other members of the local host communities were more willing to cooperate with outsiders and share their intimate knowledge of their environment - including information on the daily movements and distribution of sea turtles. It is crucial that the fishermen feel empowered before they choose to participate in the sea turtle conservation efforts. They must be viewed, and view themselves, as an integral part of the conservation team contributing valuable knowledge and ideas, not just acting as boat drivers and guides for outside researchers within the host community. Community meetings served as an outlet to voice concerns and share information. The active involvement and participation of local communities is a highly effective tool in the sea turtle conservation efforts in the region. Title: Community-based sea turtle conservation in Baja, Mexico : integrating science and culture Author: Bird, Kristin E. This thesis discusses both theoretical and practical considerations inherent in conducting community-based research within a case study of sea turtle conservation in Baja California, Mexico. A brief background, including the general ecology, status and distribution of sea turtles of the Baja peninsula is presented, with an overview of the current and historic use and management of sea turtles. Several sets of theories provide the context within which the case example is analyzed. A discussion of how concepts of "science" and "knowledge" are shaped and how these perceptions impact choices made in natural resource management and planning is presented. This includes a brief discussion of conservation ethics and conservation rationale, as well as a review of the debates surrounding indigenous knowledge and its application in conservation. A review of community-based efforts in sea turtle conservation is also presented. The data and analysis offered in this thesis is the result of two field seasons working as a member of an interdisciplinary sea turtle conservation team: conducting biological studies, surveys, informal and semi-structured interviews and participant observation. The major goal of this research project was to evaluate a people-oriented approach to conservation. The objectives of the Baja sea turtle conservation project included: the involvement of fishing communities in the development of conservation projects, the involvement of local students and fishermen in the collection of data and the public sharing of research results on a regular basis. Results of this case study suggest that through dependence on the host community for food, equipment, labor and guidance a special connection was established, fostering trust and building the partnerships necessary for long-term conservation success. For this reason, fishermen and other members of the local host communities were more willing to cooperate with outsiders and share their intimate knowledge of their environment - including information on the daily movements and distribution of sea turtles. It is crucial that the fishermen feel empowered before they choose to participate in the sea turtle conservation efforts. They must be viewed, and view themselves, as an integral part of the conservation team contributing valuable knowledge and ideas, not just acting as boat drivers and guides for outside researchers within the host community. Community meetings served as an outlet to voice concerns and share information. The active involvement and participation of local communities is a highly effective tool in the sea turtle conservation efforts in the region. Close

• 2424. [Article] A study of health insurance coverage and health care utilization in North Dakota

  Access to health care in North Dakota, a frontier state, has been a widely debated policy issue. Historically, the focus of North Dakota health policy efforts has been directed to issues pertaining to ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: A study of health insurance coverage and health care utilization in North Dakota Author: Knudson-Buresh, Alana Access to health care in North Dakota, a frontier state, has been a widely debated policy issue. Historically, the focus of North Dakota health policy efforts has been directed to issues pertaining to the provision of health care services. During the economic recession of the I 980s, an out-migration of North Dakota residents left the state with a smaller population in 1990 than it had in 1930, the only state to experience this population shift. In response to these demographic shifts, the North Dakota Health Task Force was formed to develop a health care reform strategy that addressed geographical and financial health care access issues. Over 2,000 North Dakota families were surveyed to provide the Task Force and other policy makers with information about North Dakota residents' health insurance coverage and health care utilization. The purpose of this research was to examine what variables impact access to health insurance coverage and utilization of health care services in North Dakota. Three access areas were addressed: financial, geographical and cultural. To examine financial access, health insurance coverage was examined. Among the non-institutionalized ND residents, the greatest proportion of uninsured were young adults; although, all North Dakotans were found to be at risk. The health insurance findings mirrored many other studies' findings in which males, part-time workers and rural dwellers were the most likely to go without insurance. In addition, health insurance appears to serve as a gatekeeper for obtaining health care services. A surprising finding was that geographic barriers were not a hindrance to obtaining health care. Yet, Native Americans covered by Indian Health Service were less likely to obtain health care than the uninsured indicating there may be some cultural barriers for this population. Other findings included: the uninsured go without health care and report lower health status more frequently than the insured; poverty level is positively correlated with health status; among those with no regular source of health care, the insured report they do not need health care while the uninsured report they cannot afford it. Comparisons of rural and urban dwellers also are included in the analyses. Title: A study of health insurance coverage and health care utilization in North Dakota Author: Knudson-Buresh, Alana Access to health care in North Dakota, a frontier state, has been a widely debated policy issue. Historically, the focus of North Dakota health policy efforts has been directed to issues pertaining to the provision of health care services. During the economic recession of the I 980s, an out-migration of North Dakota residents left the state with a smaller population in 1990 than it had in 1930, the only state to experience this population shift. In response to these demographic shifts, the North Dakota Health Task Force was formed to develop a health care reform strategy that addressed geographical and financial health care access issues. Over 2,000 North Dakota families were surveyed to provide the Task Force and other policy makers with information about North Dakota residents' health insurance coverage and health care utilization. The purpose of this research was to examine what variables impact access to health insurance coverage and utilization of health care services in North Dakota. Three access areas were addressed: financial, geographical and cultural. To examine financial access, health insurance coverage was examined. Among the non-institutionalized ND residents, the greatest proportion of uninsured were young adults; although, all North Dakotans were found to be at risk. The health insurance findings mirrored many other studies' findings in which males, part-time workers and rural dwellers were the most likely to go without insurance. In addition, health insurance appears to serve as a gatekeeper for obtaining health care services. A surprising finding was that geographic barriers were not a hindrance to obtaining health care. Yet, Native Americans covered by Indian Health Service were less likely to obtain health care than the uninsured indicating there may be some cultural barriers for this population. Other findings included: the uninsured go without health care and report lower health status more frequently than the insured; poverty level is positively correlated with health status; among those with no regular source of health care, the insured report they do not need health care while the uninsured report they cannot afford it. Comparisons of rural and urban dwellers also are included in the analyses. Close

• 2425. [Article] A methodology for analysis of historic textiles Ancon, Peru

  Twenty-four woven Pre-Columbian textiles in the Apparel, Interiors and Merchandising Department (AIM) of Oregon State University were reported to be from Ancon, Peru. A methodology was developed to confirm ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: A methodology for analysis of historic textiles Ancon, Peru Author: Ishikawa, Sally Jo Twenty-four woven Pre-Columbian textiles in the Apparel, Interiors and Merchandising Department (AIM) of Oregon State University were reported to be from Ancon, Peru. A methodology was developed to confirm the exact provenance of the AIM textiles. Technical fabrication characteristics were utilized to describe certain known Ancon woven textiles and to analyze the twenty-four AIM textiles; then comparisons were attempted between the two groups to determine if internal patterns for each were identical. A literature and collection survey identified ten documented reports of known Ancon woven textiles. The previously recorded information of the known Ancon pieces was summarized. Technical fabrication characteristics for each AIM textile were observed and recorded. The technical fabrication characteristics included weave structure, thread count, fiber content, direction of spin, ply, degree of twist, yarn diameter, color and motif. Frequencies and especially developed analysis tools were utilized to identify internal patterns. Hypothesis 1 stated that information about the technical fabrication elements of Ancon woven textiles in certain other collections can be organized into integrated patterns. Hypothesis 1 was not supported because data recorded on Ancon woven textiles was incomplete, and therefore only able to give limited frequencies. Hypothesis 2 was supported: The twenty-four woven Pre-Columbian textiles from the Costume and Textile Collection of the Apparel, Interiors and Merchandising Department of Oregon State University will have similar patterns in technical fabrication elements. An analysis tool was developed to show patterns within technical fabrication elements. Thread count, direction of spin, ply, and degree of twist exhibited internal patterns. Hypothesis 3 stated that the provenance of twenty-four woven Pre-Columbian textiles, from the Costume and Textile Collection of the Apparel, Interiors and Merchandising Department of Oregon State University is Ancon, Peru. This hypothesis could not be tested because technical fabrication patterns for the known Ancon weavings were not complete and could not be statistically analyzed. Even though the two sets of data populations (data from known Ancon textiles and data from the AIM collection) could not be compared statistically, some information was gained by a review and comparison of simple frequencies of internal patterns. Thread count frequencies for both populations exhibited internal patterns. Title: A methodology for analysis of historic textiles Ancon, Peru Author: Ishikawa, Sally Jo Twenty-four woven Pre-Columbian textiles in the Apparel, Interiors and Merchandising Department (AIM) of Oregon State University were reported to be from Ancon, Peru. A methodology was developed to confirm the exact provenance of the AIM textiles. Technical fabrication characteristics were utilized to describe certain known Ancon woven textiles and to analyze the twenty-four AIM textiles; then comparisons were attempted between the two groups to determine if internal patterns for each were identical. A literature and collection survey identified ten documented reports of known Ancon woven textiles. The previously recorded information of the known Ancon pieces was summarized. Technical fabrication characteristics for each AIM textile were observed and recorded. The technical fabrication characteristics included weave structure, thread count, fiber content, direction of spin, ply, degree of twist, yarn diameter, color and motif. Frequencies and especially developed analysis tools were utilized to identify internal patterns. Hypothesis 1 stated that information about the technical fabrication elements of Ancon woven textiles in certain other collections can be organized into integrated patterns. Hypothesis 1 was not supported because data recorded on Ancon woven textiles was incomplete, and therefore only able to give limited frequencies. Hypothesis 2 was supported: The twenty-four woven Pre-Columbian textiles from the Costume and Textile Collection of the Apparel, Interiors and Merchandising Department of Oregon State University will have similar patterns in technical fabrication elements. An analysis tool was developed to show patterns within technical fabrication elements. Thread count, direction of spin, ply, and degree of twist exhibited internal patterns. Hypothesis 3 stated that the provenance of twenty-four woven Pre-Columbian textiles, from the Costume and Textile Collection of the Apparel, Interiors and Merchandising Department of Oregon State University is Ancon, Peru. This hypothesis could not be tested because technical fabrication patterns for the known Ancon weavings were not complete and could not be statistically analyzed. Even though the two sets of data populations (data from known Ancon textiles and data from the AIM collection) could not be compared statistically, some information was gained by a review and comparison of simple frequencies of internal patterns. Thread count frequencies for both populations exhibited internal patterns. Close

• 2426. [Article] Women of valor : the Sisters of Notre Dame de Namur, St. Paul, Oregon, 1844-1852

  In 1986, researchers from Oregon State University, led by Dr. David Brauner, came to the small Catholic community of St. Paul, Oregon as part of ongoing research on the French-Canadian inhabitants of the ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Women of valor : the Sisters of Notre Dame de Namur, St. Paul, Oregon, 1844-1852 Author: Poet, Rebecca McClelland In 1986, researchers from Oregon State University, led by Dr. David Brauner, came to the small Catholic community of St. Paul, Oregon as part of ongoing research on the French-Canadian inhabitants of the Willamette Valley between 1829 and the mid-1860s. They were searching for the remains of the first Catholic Mission in the Pacific Northwest. What they found was a cellar belonging to nuns who ran a boarding school for the daughters of the French-Canadians between 1844 and 1852. These women were upper-middle class Belgians belonging to the Sisters of Notre Dame de Namur order. The purpose of this research was to examine the archaeological data recovered from this project to see whether this novel situation was recognizable in the archaeological record. Secondly the objective was to intensively review the written record to determine details regarding the daily lives of these women. The final objective was to see what the combination of literature and archaeology can reveal about the texture of their lives. The research was divided into three phases: field archaeology, literature search, and artifact analysis. Field archaeology was accomplished over two field seasons and included pedestrian survey and surface collection and test pit and block excavation. Artifact analysis was loosely structured on a functional classification developed by Roderick Sprague. Artifacts were broken into three study units: block excavation, surface collection, and test pit excavation. Six Sisters of Notre Dame de Namur set foot on the shores of the Oregon Territory on August 1, 1844. They were the first Catholic nuns to come to the Pacific Northwest. Coming at the invitation of Father Francis Norbert Blanchet, they set up a boarding school for the daughters of the retired French-Canadian fur trappers who had settled in the Willamette Valley. Their school was in the small Catholic community of St. Paul. During their short stay in St. Paul they taught school while learning to survive. They developed skills such as bread-making, clothes washing, carpentry, livestock husbandry, and gardening. They left the Willamette Valley in 1852 and moved to San Jose in California where they established a college. The written record shows that the site where the Sisters lived served a dual function as a religious and educational facility and as a homestead. Archaeological evidence exists for the educational facility and homestead, but the religious aspect of the site was not apparent. The historical record shows that the inhabitants of the site were unique individuals within the location of French Prairie. The archaeology supports this, but does not definitively indicate gender, class, or ethnicity. Title: Women of valor : the Sisters of Notre Dame de Namur, St. Paul, Oregon, 1844-1852 Author: Poet, Rebecca McClelland In 1986, researchers from Oregon State University, led by Dr. David Brauner, came to the small Catholic community of St. Paul, Oregon as part of ongoing research on the French-Canadian inhabitants of the Willamette Valley between 1829 and the mid-1860s. They were searching for the remains of the first Catholic Mission in the Pacific Northwest. What they found was a cellar belonging to nuns who ran a boarding school for the daughters of the French-Canadians between 1844 and 1852. These women were upper-middle class Belgians belonging to the Sisters of Notre Dame de Namur order. The purpose of this research was to examine the archaeological data recovered from this project to see whether this novel situation was recognizable in the archaeological record. Secondly the objective was to intensively review the written record to determine details regarding the daily lives of these women. The final objective was to see what the combination of literature and archaeology can reveal about the texture of their lives. The research was divided into three phases: field archaeology, literature search, and artifact analysis. Field archaeology was accomplished over two field seasons and included pedestrian survey and surface collection and test pit and block excavation. Artifact analysis was loosely structured on a functional classification developed by Roderick Sprague. Artifacts were broken into three study units: block excavation, surface collection, and test pit excavation. Six Sisters of Notre Dame de Namur set foot on the shores of the Oregon Territory on August 1, 1844. They were the first Catholic nuns to come to the Pacific Northwest. Coming at the invitation of Father Francis Norbert Blanchet, they set up a boarding school for the daughters of the retired French-Canadian fur trappers who had settled in the Willamette Valley. Their school was in the small Catholic community of St. Paul. During their short stay in St. Paul they taught school while learning to survive. They developed skills such as bread-making, clothes washing, carpentry, livestock husbandry, and gardening. They left the Willamette Valley in 1852 and moved to San Jose in California where they established a college. The written record shows that the site where the Sisters lived served a dual function as a religious and educational facility and as a homestead. Archaeological evidence exists for the educational facility and homestead, but the religious aspect of the site was not apparent. The historical record shows that the inhabitants of the site were unique individuals within the location of French Prairie. The archaeology supports this, but does not definitively indicate gender, class, or ethnicity. Close

• 2427. [Article] The effect of precipitation variation on soil moisture, soil nitrogen, nitrogen response and winter wheat yields in eastern Oregon

  The semi-arid regions of the Pacific Northwest are characterized by a high degree of annual temperature and precipitation variation. As a result of this climatic variation, dryland nitrogen fertilizer ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The effect of precipitation variation on soil moisture, soil nitrogen, nitrogen response and winter wheat yields in eastern Oregon Author: Glenn, D. M. (David Michael) The semi-arid regions of the Pacific Northwest are characterized by a high degree of annual temperature and precipitation variation. As a result of this climatic variation, dryland nitrogen fertilizer trials on fallow- ,wheat rotations typically demonstrate a variable response. Wheat growers in the area must not only cope with this climatic variation and its sundry effects upon their livelihood, they must also make decisions regarding the future level of anticipated climatic variation. The specific objectives were to: 1) develop a climatically responsive yield potential prediction model for soft white winter wheat from historical data at the Sherman Branch Experiment Station (Moro, OR); 2) modify this model for use on commercial fields; 3) field simulate five fallow-crop precipitation patterns characteristic of the variation found in the Sherman county area of eastern Oregon in order to test the yield potential model: 4) examine the effects of precipitation variation on nitrogen fertilizer responses, moisture storage and depletion and nitrogen mineralization; and 5) establish a quantitative relationship between precipitation/ soil moisture and nitrate accumulation in both the fallow and crop seasons. Two interacting regression models were developed to estimate grain yield levels in the 250-350 mm precipitation zone of eastern Oregon. The first model estimates yield potential from monthly precipitation and temperature values. The second model estimates the percent grain reduction due to delayed crop emergence. The grain yield model was adapted to commercial fields using a Productivity Index factor (PI). The PI is a measure of the productivity of other locations in relation to the Sherman Branch Experiment Station, using water-use-efficiency (WUE) as the basis of comparison. The field simulation of five fallow-crop precipitation patterns demonstrated that the maximum grain yield response occurred at 40 kg N (soil + fertilizer)/metric ton. The grain yield model demonstrated a 15% level of accuracy on a commercial field basis in both field trials and a survey of past production levels (1972-1980). It was hypothesized that the distribution of precipitation in the fallow and crop periods had an effect on both the amount and distribution of stored soil moisture. The field simulation demonstrated that more soil moisture was stored at the 90-240 cm depths by the patterns with more fallow season precipitation when measured in March of the crop year. Soil moisture storage and storage efficiencies fluctuated throughout the fallow and crop periods. At the cessation of the winter precipitation season in both the fallow and crop periods (March), the storage efficiency was highest when low levels of precipitation occurred. At this point in time, the mean crop period storage efficiency was 10% below the mean fallow period storage efficiency (34 and 44%, respectively) in both simulation studies. Soil moisture, temperature and immobilization requirements of crop residues interact to affect the net amount of nitrogen mineralization. The mineralization model proposed by Stanford and Smith (1972) was tested under field conditions. When the nitrogen immobilization requirement of the crop residues was included, the actual and predicted values were in agreement at the close of the 1978 fallow period. A nitrogen deficit was predicted at the 0-30 cm depth at the close of the 1980 fallow; however, the actual levels indicated a net accumulation of nitrate-nitrogen. Crop season mineralization, inferred from Mitscherlick and a-value extrapolations, in 1979 demonstrated that there was a decreasing amount of net mineralization during the crop season with increasing amounts of both fallow and crop season precipitation. Crop season mineralization in 1980 indicated that there was no net accumulation of nitrogen, rather a tie-up of 14 kg N/ha. This result reflects both the unsatisfied immobilization requirement predicted for the 1979 fallow season and crop season denitrification. Title: The effect of precipitation variation on soil moisture, soil nitrogen, nitrogen response and winter wheat yields in eastern Oregon Author: Glenn, D. M. (David Michael) The semi-arid regions of the Pacific Northwest are characterized by a high degree of annual temperature and precipitation variation. As a result of this climatic variation, dryland nitrogen fertilizer trials on fallow- ,wheat rotations typically demonstrate a variable response. Wheat growers in the area must not only cope with this climatic variation and its sundry effects upon their livelihood, they must also make decisions regarding the future level of anticipated climatic variation. The specific objectives were to: 1) develop a climatically responsive yield potential prediction model for soft white winter wheat from historical data at the Sherman Branch Experiment Station (Moro, OR); 2) modify this model for use on commercial fields; 3) field simulate five fallow-crop precipitation patterns characteristic of the variation found in the Sherman county area of eastern Oregon in order to test the yield potential model: 4) examine the effects of precipitation variation on nitrogen fertilizer responses, moisture storage and depletion and nitrogen mineralization; and 5) establish a quantitative relationship between precipitation/ soil moisture and nitrate accumulation in both the fallow and crop seasons. Two interacting regression models were developed to estimate grain yield levels in the 250-350 mm precipitation zone of eastern Oregon. The first model estimates yield potential from monthly precipitation and temperature values. The second model estimates the percent grain reduction due to delayed crop emergence. The grain yield model was adapted to commercial fields using a Productivity Index factor (PI). The PI is a measure of the productivity of other locations in relation to the Sherman Branch Experiment Station, using water-use-efficiency (WUE) as the basis of comparison. The field simulation of five fallow-crop precipitation patterns demonstrated that the maximum grain yield response occurred at 40 kg N (soil + fertilizer)/metric ton. The grain yield model demonstrated a 15% level of accuracy on a commercial field basis in both field trials and a survey of past production levels (1972-1980). It was hypothesized that the distribution of precipitation in the fallow and crop periods had an effect on both the amount and distribution of stored soil moisture. The field simulation demonstrated that more soil moisture was stored at the 90-240 cm depths by the patterns with more fallow season precipitation when measured in March of the crop year. Soil moisture storage and storage efficiencies fluctuated throughout the fallow and crop periods. At the cessation of the winter precipitation season in both the fallow and crop periods (March), the storage efficiency was highest when low levels of precipitation occurred. At this point in time, the mean crop period storage efficiency was 10% below the mean fallow period storage efficiency (34 and 44%, respectively) in both simulation studies. Soil moisture, temperature and immobilization requirements of crop residues interact to affect the net amount of nitrogen mineralization. The mineralization model proposed by Stanford and Smith (1972) was tested under field conditions. When the nitrogen immobilization requirement of the crop residues was included, the actual and predicted values were in agreement at the close of the 1978 fallow period. A nitrogen deficit was predicted at the 0-30 cm depth at the close of the 1980 fallow; however, the actual levels indicated a net accumulation of nitrate-nitrogen. Crop season mineralization, inferred from Mitscherlick and a-value extrapolations, in 1979 demonstrated that there was a decreasing amount of net mineralization during the crop season with increasing amounts of both fallow and crop season precipitation. Crop season mineralization in 1980 indicated that there was no net accumulation of nitrogen, rather a tie-up of 14 kg N/ha. This result reflects both the unsatisfied immobilization requirement predicted for the 1979 fallow season and crop season denitrification. Close

• 2428. [Article] Synecological features of a natural headland prairie on the Oregon coast

  The study of the vegetation of one of the natural coastal prairies in Oregon was undertaken for the purpose of describing some of its synecological features. Specific objectives of the study were to describe ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Synecological features of a natural headland prairie on the Oregon coast Author: Davidson, Eric Duncan The study of the vegetation of one of the natural coastal prairies in Oregon was undertaken for the purpose of describing some of its synecological features. Specific objectives of the study were to describe certain plant assemblages in the study area, present phenological relationships on some of the assemblages, and discuss and illustrate some examples of evidence of succession on the study area. The study area is a prairie located on a headland about one mile north of the Tillamook-Lincoln county line (Sec. 3 in T6S, R11W). This prairie is one of the many situated on the headland bluffs and slopes along the northern Pacific coast. During an initial period of reconnaissance, familiarization with the plant species and communities in the study area was gained. Several surveys along most of the Oregon coast were made to compare the study area with other coastal prairies. A total of 38 distinctive stands of vegetation within the prairie were sampled in a series of five repetitive sessions from January to October in 1966. Presence and vegetative cover of species were recorded. In addition, soil depths in these stands were recorded. Seven transects from the prairie through the ecotone to the forest were established and the presence of species along them was recorded. With the aid of an association table five distinctive communities were differentiated in the sampled stands. These were: 1. Equisetum maximum community, restricted to sites with high soil moisture during the entire year. 2. Polystichum munitum-Rubus parviflorus community, usually on soils 18 inches deep or less. Species in this community form the major part of the ecotone vegetation. 3. Carex obnupta community, usually on soils 12 inches deep or less. Carex is the only important species in this community. 4. Artemisia suksdorfii-Solidago canadensis community, found on the exposed, south-facing end of the prairie on deep soils. It is a community found commonly in prairies farther north on the coast. 5. Solidago canadensis community, situated farther up in the prairie than the Artemisia-Solidago community, on deep soils. It was judged to be an earlier successional stage of the Artemisia-Solidago community. Two more groups were apparent in the table, but these were judged not to be distinct communities in the field. These were: 6. Lupinus littoralis group, considered part of the internal pattern of one or more of the large grassy communities not sampled. The peculiar grouping of Lupinus littoralis is attributed to the large, heavy seeds of that species which always drop directly to the ground, rather than being distributed farther by the wind. 7. Angelica lucida-Rubus spectabilis group, judged to be an aberrant form of the Polystichum-Rubus parviflorus community. A discussion of successional aspects of this and other coastal prairies on the Pacific coast was based on the results of field work carried out during this study, a knowledge of activities on this prairie from 1916 to the present time, and on historical accounts and old photographs concerning the coastal vegetation. It was tentatively concluded that the coastal prairies were maintained for long periods in the past mostly by fires set by the coastal Indians who lived on them. When the white settlers arrived with their cattle and sheep, many prairies, including the study area, were maintained by grazing pressure, and the spread of hardy introduced grasses was encouraged. The stands sampled in the study area were thought to have become established during a period of no stock grazing from 1938 to the present time. It was suggested that the Polystichum munitum-Rubus parviflorus community may provide sites for the growth of Picea sitchensis within this prairie. Title: Synecological features of a natural headland prairie on the Oregon coast Author: Davidson, Eric Duncan The study of the vegetation of one of the natural coastal prairies in Oregon was undertaken for the purpose of describing some of its synecological features. Specific objectives of the study were to describe certain plant assemblages in the study area, present phenological relationships on some of the assemblages, and discuss and illustrate some examples of evidence of succession on the study area. The study area is a prairie located on a headland about one mile north of the Tillamook-Lincoln county line (Sec. 3 in T6S, R11W). This prairie is one of the many situated on the headland bluffs and slopes along the northern Pacific coast. During an initial period of reconnaissance, familiarization with the plant species and communities in the study area was gained. Several surveys along most of the Oregon coast were made to compare the study area with other coastal prairies. A total of 38 distinctive stands of vegetation within the prairie were sampled in a series of five repetitive sessions from January to October in 1966. Presence and vegetative cover of species were recorded. In addition, soil depths in these stands were recorded. Seven transects from the prairie through the ecotone to the forest were established and the presence of species along them was recorded. With the aid of an association table five distinctive communities were differentiated in the sampled stands. These were: 1. Equisetum maximum community, restricted to sites with high soil moisture during the entire year. 2. Polystichum munitum-Rubus parviflorus community, usually on soils 18 inches deep or less. Species in this community form the major part of the ecotone vegetation. 3. Carex obnupta community, usually on soils 12 inches deep or less. Carex is the only important species in this community. 4. Artemisia suksdorfii-Solidago canadensis community, found on the exposed, south-facing end of the prairie on deep soils. It is a community found commonly in prairies farther north on the coast. 5. Solidago canadensis community, situated farther up in the prairie than the Artemisia-Solidago community, on deep soils. It was judged to be an earlier successional stage of the Artemisia-Solidago community. Two more groups were apparent in the table, but these were judged not to be distinct communities in the field. These were: 6. Lupinus littoralis group, considered part of the internal pattern of one or more of the large grassy communities not sampled. The peculiar grouping of Lupinus littoralis is attributed to the large, heavy seeds of that species which always drop directly to the ground, rather than being distributed farther by the wind. 7. Angelica lucida-Rubus spectabilis group, judged to be an aberrant form of the Polystichum-Rubus parviflorus community. A discussion of successional aspects of this and other coastal prairies on the Pacific coast was based on the results of field work carried out during this study, a knowledge of activities on this prairie from 1916 to the present time, and on historical accounts and old photographs concerning the coastal vegetation. It was tentatively concluded that the coastal prairies were maintained for long periods in the past mostly by fires set by the coastal Indians who lived on them. When the white settlers arrived with their cattle and sheep, many prairies, including the study area, were maintained by grazing pressure, and the spread of hardy introduced grasses was encouraged. The stands sampled in the study area were thought to have become established during a period of no stock grazing from 1938 to the present time. It was suggested that the Polystichum munitum-Rubus parviflorus community may provide sites for the growth of Picea sitchensis within this prairie. Close

• 2429. [Article] Hybrid approach to estimating nearshore bathymetry using remote sensing

  The characterization of bathymetry and its time evolution is very important for both oceanographic science applications, and for societal reasons relating to coastal engineering and development. Historically, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Hybrid approach to estimating nearshore bathymetry using remote sensing Author: Catalán Mondaca, Patricio A. The characterization of bathymetry and its time evolution is very important for both oceanographic science applications, and for societal reasons relating to coastal engineering and development. Historically, the process of depth surveying has been costly and labor-intensive. This is especially true in nearshore regions, hence a method that is both economic and reliable is of great interest. In this regard, depth inversion techniques take advantage of the interaction between the surface wave field and the underlying bathymetry such that observations of surface wave propagation can be coupled with a dispersion relation to infer bathymetry. Using field measurements, several different types of wave observation data have been tested in inversion methods, e.g. arrays of pressure sensors (Holland, 2001), marine radar (Bell, 1999), aerial photogrammetry (Dugan et al., 2001) and video imagery (Stockdon and Holman, 2000). Typically, these studies use the linear wave dispersion relation and measured wave phase speeds (c) to perform the inversion, and agreement is generally good in intermediate water depths in the absence of currents; errors increase as waves enter shallow water, increase in nonlinearity, and eventually break. In addition, numerical techniques exist that account for some nonlinear processes (e.g. Kennedy et al., 2000b; Misra et al., 2003) but they require more input data, usually in the form of high resolution free surface measurements. These nonlinear methods can potentially make improved depth estimates, however, they have only been tested with synthetic data. In this study, we undertake a novel approach for investigating phase speeds of nonlinear waves and the potential for using them for depth inversions. The approach is novel in the sense that our observational data set consists of both in situ and remotely sensed data and also high resolution numerical data for interpolating between the in situ measurements. Our observations were made from a set of laboratory experiments conducted in large scale wave flume. Laboratory wave conditions included both regular and random waves and a range of wave heights and periods were considered. The final data set used for the depth inversion algorithm was reduced to regular cases only. The wave height profile H(x) is simulated with high spatial resolution using a combined refraction/difraction model REF/DIF1 (Kirby and Dairymple, 1994), where the in situ data is used for calibration. Next, wave parameters such as phase speed, wavenumber and frequency are estimated based on the remote video measurements. The resulting hybrid data set is used as input for performing depth inversion including nonlinearity using the composite dispersion relation of Kirby and Dalrymple (1986). Results indicate that inclusion of nonlinearity significantly improves the retrieved depths, especially in shallow water. The resulting degree of accuracy is comparable with previous observations for intermediate water. Analysis of the error suggests that the main source of error can be attributed to the phase speed estimation, thus it is apparent that the composite dispersion equation is capable of explaining the principal physical process well. Title: Hybrid approach to estimating nearshore bathymetry using remote sensing Author: Catalán Mondaca, Patricio A. The characterization of bathymetry and its time evolution is very important for both oceanographic science applications, and for societal reasons relating to coastal engineering and development. Historically, the process of depth surveying has been costly and labor-intensive. This is especially true in nearshore regions, hence a method that is both economic and reliable is of great interest. In this regard, depth inversion techniques take advantage of the interaction between the surface wave field and the underlying bathymetry such that observations of surface wave propagation can be coupled with a dispersion relation to infer bathymetry. Using field measurements, several different types of wave observation data have been tested in inversion methods, e.g. arrays of pressure sensors (Holland, 2001), marine radar (Bell, 1999), aerial photogrammetry (Dugan et al., 2001) and video imagery (Stockdon and Holman, 2000). Typically, these studies use the linear wave dispersion relation and measured wave phase speeds (c) to perform the inversion, and agreement is generally good in intermediate water depths in the absence of currents; errors increase as waves enter shallow water, increase in nonlinearity, and eventually break. In addition, numerical techniques exist that account for some nonlinear processes (e.g. Kennedy et al., 2000b; Misra et al., 2003) but they require more input data, usually in the form of high resolution free surface measurements. These nonlinear methods can potentially make improved depth estimates, however, they have only been tested with synthetic data. In this study, we undertake a novel approach for investigating phase speeds of nonlinear waves and the potential for using them for depth inversions. The approach is novel in the sense that our observational data set consists of both in situ and remotely sensed data and also high resolution numerical data for interpolating between the in situ measurements. Our observations were made from a set of laboratory experiments conducted in large scale wave flume. Laboratory wave conditions included both regular and random waves and a range of wave heights and periods were considered. The final data set used for the depth inversion algorithm was reduced to regular cases only. The wave height profile H(x) is simulated with high spatial resolution using a combined refraction/difraction model REF/DIF1 (Kirby and Dairymple, 1994), where the in situ data is used for calibration. Next, wave parameters such as phase speed, wavenumber and frequency are estimated based on the remote video measurements. The resulting hybrid data set is used as input for performing depth inversion including nonlinearity using the composite dispersion relation of Kirby and Dalrymple (1986). Results indicate that inclusion of nonlinearity significantly improves the retrieved depths, especially in shallow water. The resulting degree of accuracy is comparable with previous observations for intermediate water. Analysis of the error suggests that the main source of error can be attributed to the phase speed estimation, thus it is apparent that the composite dispersion equation is capable of explaining the principal physical process well. Close

• 2430. [Article] Hollywood at the Tipping Point: Blockbuster Cinema, Globalization, and the Cultural Logic of Ecology

  x, 180 pages

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Hollywood at the Tipping Point: Blockbuster Cinema, Globalization, and the Cultural Logic of Ecology Author: Rust, Stephen A. Year: 2012, 2014 x, 180 pages Title: Hollywood at the Tipping Point: Blockbuster Cinema, Globalization, and the Cultural Logic of Ecology Author: Rust, Stephen A. Year: 2012, 2014 x, 180 pages Close

• 2431. [Article] Independent Filmmaking in the Pacific Northwest: A Critical Analysis of the Regional Film Landscape

  xvii, 397 p. : ill., maps.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Independent Filmmaking in the Pacific Northwest: A Critical Analysis of the Regional Film Landscape Author: Erickson, Mary P. A., 1977- Year: 2011 xvii, 397 p. : ill., maps. Title: Independent Filmmaking in the Pacific Northwest: A Critical Analysis of the Regional Film Landscape Author: Erickson, Mary P. A., 1977- Year: 2011 xvii, 397 p. : ill., maps. Close

• 2432. [Article] Beyond the comfort zone: Monolingual ideologies, bilingual U.S. Latino texts

  xii, 206 p. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Beyond the comfort zone: Monolingual ideologies, bilingual U.S. Latino texts Author: Burrows, Sonja S., 1973- Year: 2010 xii, 206 p. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number. Title: Beyond the comfort zone: Monolingual ideologies, bilingual U.S. Latino texts Author: Burrows, Sonja S., 1973- Year: 2010 xii, 206 p. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number. Close

• 2433. [Article] Curses and laughter: The ethics of political invective in the comic poetry of high and late medieval Italy

  xiv, 479 p. : ill. (some col.) A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Curses and laughter: The ethics of political invective in the comic poetry of high and late medieval Italy Author: Applauso, Nicolino Year: 2010 xiv, 479 p. : ill. (some col.) A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number. Title: Curses and laughter: The ethics of political invective in the comic poetry of high and late medieval Italy Author: Applauso, Nicolino Year: 2010 xiv, 479 p. : ill. (some col.) A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number. Close

• 2434. [Article] The contribution of large, slow-moving landslides to landscape evolution

  xvi, 136 p. : ill. (some col.) A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The contribution of large, slow-moving landslides to landscape evolution Author: Mackey, Benjamin Hunter Year: 2010, 2009 xvi, 136 p. : ill. (some col.) A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number. Title: The contribution of large, slow-moving landslides to landscape evolution Author: Mackey, Benjamin Hunter Year: 2010, 2009 xvi, 136 p. : ill. (some col.) A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number. Close

• 2435. [Article] Tidal and atmospheric forcing of the upper ocean in the Gulf of California, Part 2: Surface heat flux

  Satellite infrared imagery and coastal meteorological data for March 1984 through February 1985 are used to estimate the net annual surface heat flux for the northern Gulf of California. The average annual ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Tidal and atmospheric forcing of the upper ocean in the Gulf of California, Part 2: Surface heat flux Author: Abbott, Mark R., Winant, Clinton D., Paden, Cynthia A. Satellite infrared imagery and coastal meteorological data for March 1984 through February 1985 are used to estimate the net annual surface heat flux for the northern Gulf of California. The average annual surface heat flux for the area north of Guaymas and Santa Rosalia is estimated to be +74 W m-2 for the 1984–1985 time period. This is comparable to the +20–50 W m-2 previously obtained from heat and freshwater transport estimates made with hydrographic surveys from different years and months. The spatial distribution of the net surface heat flux shows a net gain of heat over the whole northern gulf. Except for a local maximum near San Esteban Island, the largest heat gain (+110–120 W m-2) occurs in the Ballenas and Salsipuedes channels, where strong tidal mixing produces anomalously cold sea surface temperatures (SSTs) over much of the year. The lowest heat gain occurs in the Guaymas Basin (+40–50 W m-2), where SSTs are consistently warmer. In the relatively shallow northern basin the net surface heat flux is fairly uniform, with a net annual gain of approximately +70 W m-2. A local minimum in heat gain (approximately +60 W m-2) is observed over the shelf in the northwest, where spring and summer surface temperatures are particularly high. A similar minimum in heat gain over the shelf was observed in a separate study in which historical SSTs and 7 years (1979–1986) of meteorological data from Puerto Penasco were used to estimate the net surface heat flux for the northern basin. In that study, however, the heat fluxes were higher, with a gain of +100 W m-2 over the shelf and +114 W m-2 in the northern basin. These larger values are directly attributable to the higher humidities in the 1979–1986 study compared to the 1984-1985 satellite study. Significant interannual variations in humidity appear to occur in the northern gulf, with relatively high humidities during El Niño years and low humidities during anti-El Niño years. High humidities reduce evaporation and the associated latent heat loss, promoting a net annual heat gain. In the northern Gulf of California, however, tidal mixing appears to play a key role in the observed gain of heat. Deep mixing in the island region produces a persistent pool of cold water which is mixed horizontally by the large-scale circulation, lowering surface temperatures over most of the northern gulf. These cold SSTs decrease evaporation by reducing the saturation vapor pressure of the overlying air. As a result, heat loss is substantially reduced, even when humidities are low. By removing heat from the surface, tidal mixing alters the time scale of air-sea interaction and reduces or possibly even inhibits the formation of deep water masses via convection. Over climatological timescales, it may be tidal mixing that ultimately maintains the estuarinelike circulation in the northern Gulf of California, differentiating it from the Mediterranean and Red seas, which lose heat to the atmosphere. Title: Tidal and atmospheric forcing of the upper ocean in the Gulf of California, Part 2: Surface heat flux Author: Abbott, Mark R., Winant, Clinton D., Paden, Cynthia A. Satellite infrared imagery and coastal meteorological data for March 1984 through February 1985 are used to estimate the net annual surface heat flux for the northern Gulf of California. The average annual surface heat flux for the area north of Guaymas and Santa Rosalia is estimated to be +74 W m-2 for the 1984–1985 time period. This is comparable to the +20–50 W m-2 previously obtained from heat and freshwater transport estimates made with hydrographic surveys from different years and months. The spatial distribution of the net surface heat flux shows a net gain of heat over the whole northern gulf. Except for a local maximum near San Esteban Island, the largest heat gain (+110–120 W m-2) occurs in the Ballenas and Salsipuedes channels, where strong tidal mixing produces anomalously cold sea surface temperatures (SSTs) over much of the year. The lowest heat gain occurs in the Guaymas Basin (+40–50 W m-2), where SSTs are consistently warmer. In the relatively shallow northern basin the net surface heat flux is fairly uniform, with a net annual gain of approximately +70 W m-2. A local minimum in heat gain (approximately +60 W m-2) is observed over the shelf in the northwest, where spring and summer surface temperatures are particularly high. A similar minimum in heat gain over the shelf was observed in a separate study in which historical SSTs and 7 years (1979–1986) of meteorological data from Puerto Penasco were used to estimate the net surface heat flux for the northern basin. In that study, however, the heat fluxes were higher, with a gain of +100 W m-2 over the shelf and +114 W m-2 in the northern basin. These larger values are directly attributable to the higher humidities in the 1979–1986 study compared to the 1984-1985 satellite study. Significant interannual variations in humidity appear to occur in the northern gulf, with relatively high humidities during El Niño years and low humidities during anti-El Niño years. High humidities reduce evaporation and the associated latent heat loss, promoting a net annual heat gain. In the northern Gulf of California, however, tidal mixing appears to play a key role in the observed gain of heat. Deep mixing in the island region produces a persistent pool of cold water which is mixed horizontally by the large-scale circulation, lowering surface temperatures over most of the northern gulf. These cold SSTs decrease evaporation by reducing the saturation vapor pressure of the overlying air. As a result, heat loss is substantially reduced, even when humidities are low. By removing heat from the surface, tidal mixing alters the time scale of air-sea interaction and reduces or possibly even inhibits the formation of deep water masses via convection. Over climatological timescales, it may be tidal mixing that ultimately maintains the estuarinelike circulation in the northern Gulf of California, differentiating it from the Mediterranean and Red seas, which lose heat to the atmosphere. Close

• 2436. [Article] The Political Economy of Medical Marijuana

  This study aims to shed light on several vexing questions surrounding marijuana at various levels of analysis. Why have some states adopted medical laws when others have not, and what are the implications ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Political Economy of Medical Marijuana Author: Crawford, Seth Year: 2013 This study aims to shed light on several vexing questions surrounding marijuana at various levels of analysis. Why have some states adopted medical laws when others have not, and what are the implications of these adoptions for elites at the federal level? Why are certain areas within states hotbeds of marijuana use and production? Why, in the face of serious penalties, do certain individuals continue to use, produce, and sell this particular drug? How is the marijuana market structured and how much economic impact does it have? Possible sociopolitical factors responsible for passage (or failure) of marijuana-related voter initiatives and legislation in states are examined and the process of policy diffusion occurring between states that adopt such measures is detailed. An analysis of geographic variations in medical cardholder rates in Oregon is conducted using longitudinal data. Using a Respondent-Driven Sample and a detailed survey of legal and illegal marijuana users in Oregon, I identify differences between the two groups, elucidate differences between marijuana users and the general population, and estimate the economic impact of marijuana on Oregon's informal economy. Overall, the study finds that innovative, Democratically dominated states tend to pass medical marijuana laws and are the most at risk of doing so in the future. Within Oregon, county-level participation in the medical marijuana program is associated with Democratic party members, unemployment rates, and timber harvest levels. The Oregon marijuana market consists of a robust network of small producers, with individual users primarily managing distribution of the drug. Economic estimates indicate that the legalization of marijuana could generate between $37 million and $153 million per year in taxes for the state. Finally, historical evidence suggests that legalization of this drug could lead to its control; however, doing so could structurally transition the market from a robust network of small producers into tight oligopolic control by a limited number of producers, thereby disenfranchising small, artisan growers, communities traditionally reliant on marijuana for revenue, consumers who seek variety, and the plant's genetic diversity. Title: The Political Economy of Medical Marijuana Author: Crawford, Seth Year: 2013 This study aims to shed light on several vexing questions surrounding marijuana at various levels of analysis. Why have some states adopted medical laws when others have not, and what are the implications of these adoptions for elites at the federal level? Why are certain areas within states hotbeds of marijuana use and production? Why, in the face of serious penalties, do certain individuals continue to use, produce, and sell this particular drug? How is the marijuana market structured and how much economic impact does it have? Possible sociopolitical factors responsible for passage (or failure) of marijuana-related voter initiatives and legislation in states are examined and the process of policy diffusion occurring between states that adopt such measures is detailed. An analysis of geographic variations in medical cardholder rates in Oregon is conducted using longitudinal data. Using a Respondent-Driven Sample and a detailed survey of legal and illegal marijuana users in Oregon, I identify differences between the two groups, elucidate differences between marijuana users and the general population, and estimate the economic impact of marijuana on Oregon's informal economy. Overall, the study finds that innovative, Democratically dominated states tend to pass medical marijuana laws and are the most at risk of doing so in the future. Within Oregon, county-level participation in the medical marijuana program is associated with Democratic party members, unemployment rates, and timber harvest levels. The Oregon marijuana market consists of a robust network of small producers, with individual users primarily managing distribution of the drug. Economic estimates indicate that the legalization of marijuana could generate between $37 million and $153 million per year in taxes for the state. Finally, historical evidence suggests that legalization of this drug could lead to its control; however, doing so could structurally transition the market from a robust network of small producers into tight oligopolic control by a limited number of producers, thereby disenfranchising small, artisan growers, communities traditionally reliant on marijuana for revenue, consumers who seek variety, and the plant's genetic diversity. Close

• 2437. [Article] Anions and electron-deficient aromatic rings

  xx, 281 p. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Anions and electron-deficient aromatic rings Author: Berryman, Orion Boyd, 1981- Year: 2008 xx, 281 p. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number. Title: Anions and electron-deficient aromatic rings Author: Berryman, Orion Boyd, 1981- Year: 2008 xx, 281 p. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number. Close

• 2438. [Article] Paleo-archaic broad spectrum adaptations at the Pleistocene-Holocene boundary in Far Western North America

  xx, 463 p. : ill., maps. Two print copies of this title are available through the UO Libraries under the call number: KNIGHT E61 .W72 1989

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Paleo-archaic broad spectrum adaptations at the Pleistocene-Holocene boundary in Far Western North America Author: Willig, Judith A. (Judith Ann), 1953- Year: 2009, 1989 xx, 463 p. : ill., maps. Two print copies of this title are available through the UO Libraries under the call number: KNIGHT E61 .W72 1989 Title: Paleo-archaic broad spectrum adaptations at the Pleistocene-Holocene boundary in Far Western North America Author: Willig, Judith A. (Judith Ann), 1953- Year: 2009, 1989 xx, 463 p. : ill., maps. Two print copies of this title are available through the UO Libraries under the call number: KNIGHT E61 .W72 1989 Close

• 2439. [Article] Impacts of climate change and adaptation strategy selection under constrained conditions in Ben Tre province, Vietnam

  EEPSEA and World Fish Center

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Impacts of climate change and adaptation strategy selection under constrained conditions in Ben Tre province, Vietnam Author: Le, Huyen Trang EEPSEA and World Fish Center Title: Impacts of climate change and adaptation strategy selection under constrained conditions in Ben Tre province, Vietnam Author: Le, Huyen Trang EEPSEA and World Fish Center Close

• 2440. [Article] Lower Snake River Compensation Plan; Oregon Spring Chinook Salmon Evaluation Studies - 2001 Annual Progress Report

  Abstract -- This report summarizes spring Chinook salmon monitoring data for the Lower Snake River Compensation Plan (LSRCP) facilities in 2001. The main objective of this report is to document and evaluate ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Lower Snake River Compensation Plan; Oregon Spring Chinook Salmon Evaluation Studies - 2001 Annual Progress Report Abstract -- This report summarizes spring Chinook salmon monitoring data for the Lower Snake River Compensation Plan (LSRCP) facilities in 2001. The main objective of this report is to document and evaluate salmon culture performance for spring Chinook salmon hatchery programs and achievement of management objectives in the Imnaha and Grande Ronde river basins. These data are used to design culture practices to optimize egg-to-smolt survival rate, smolt quality, smolt-to-adult survival rate, and to provide information to adapt the programs to most effectively meet management objectives. This report provides information on rearing and release operations for the 1999 and 2000 cohorts of juvenile Chinook salmon, the collection, spawning, and adult characteristics for the 2001 return of adult Chinook salmon, and the collection of eggs for the 2001 cohort. Lower Snake River Compensation Plan (LSRCP) ODFW- Eastern Oregon Fish Research (EOFR) Title: Lower Snake River Compensation Plan; Oregon Spring Chinook Salmon Evaluation Studies - 2001 Annual Progress Report Abstract -- This report summarizes spring Chinook salmon monitoring data for the Lower Snake River Compensation Plan (LSRCP) facilities in 2001. The main objective of this report is to document and evaluate salmon culture performance for spring Chinook salmon hatchery programs and achievement of management objectives in the Imnaha and Grande Ronde river basins. These data are used to design culture practices to optimize egg-to-smolt survival rate, smolt quality, smolt-to-adult survival rate, and to provide information to adapt the programs to most effectively meet management objectives. This report provides information on rearing and release operations for the 1999 and 2000 cohorts of juvenile Chinook salmon, the collection, spawning, and adult characteristics for the 2001 return of adult Chinook salmon, and the collection of eggs for the 2001 cohort. Lower Snake River Compensation Plan (LSRCP) ODFW- Eastern Oregon Fish Research (EOFR) Close