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• 1051. [Article] Multidecadal variability of atmospheric methane, 1000–1800 C.E.

  This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the American Geophysical Union and can be found at: http://www.agu.org/journals/jgr/.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Multidecadal variability of atmospheric methane, 1000–1800 C.E. Author: Brook, Edward J., Mitchell, Logan E., McConnell, J. R., Sowers, Todd, Taylor, Kendrick This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the American Geophysical Union and can be found at: http://www.agu.org/journals/jgr/. Title: Multidecadal variability of atmospheric methane, 1000–1800 C.E. Author: Brook, Edward J., Mitchell, Logan E., McConnell, J. R., Sowers, Todd, Taylor, Kendrick This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the American Geophysical Union and can be found at: http://www.agu.org/journals/jgr/. Close

• 1052. [Article] Vertical distributions of temperature, salinity and sigma-T : from observations from R/V Yaquina during Coastal Upwelling Experiment, 1972

  This report is an intermediate step in analyzing part of the hydrographic data from the 1972 Coastal Upwelling Experiment (CUE) off the coast of Oregon. It presents the author's interpretation of the vertical ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Vertical distributions of temperature, salinity and sigma-T : from observations from R/V Yaquina during Coastal Upwelling Experiment, 1972 Author: Coastal Upwelling Experiment, Huyer, Adriana, 1945-, Oregon State University. School of Oceanography This report is an intermediate step in analyzing part of the hydrographic data from the 1972 Coastal Upwelling Experiment (CUE) off the coast of Oregon. It presents the author's interpretation of the vertical dis- tribution of temperature, salinity and sigma-t along lines occupied on hydrographic cruises by R/V Yaquina during CUE. Hydrographic observations collected from R/V Oceanographer during CUE (Halpern and Holbrook, 1972) are not included in this report. Data reports for each of the CUE hydrographic cruises have been published (Anon., 1972 a-e; 1973 a-c; Halpern and Holbrook, 1972). The diagrams presented here will be of interest to the other CUE participants and also to other oceanographers studying Oregon coastal waters. Title: Vertical distributions of temperature, salinity and sigma-T : from observations from R/V Yaquina during Coastal Upwelling Experiment, 1972 Author: Coastal Upwelling Experiment, Huyer, Adriana, 1945-, Oregon State University. School of Oceanography This report is an intermediate step in analyzing part of the hydrographic data from the 1972 Coastal Upwelling Experiment (CUE) off the coast of Oregon. It presents the author's interpretation of the vertical dis- tribution of temperature, salinity and sigma-t along lines occupied on hydrographic cruises by R/V Yaquina during CUE. Hydrographic observations collected from R/V Oceanographer during CUE (Halpern and Holbrook, 1972) are not included in this report. Data reports for each of the CUE hydrographic cruises have been published (Anon., 1972 a-e; 1973 a-c; Halpern and Holbrook, 1972). The diagrams presented here will be of interest to the other CUE participants and also to other oceanographers studying Oregon coastal waters. Close

• 1053. [Article] Non-additive and non-stationary properties in the spatial distribution of a large marine fish population

  This is the author's peer-reviewed final manuscript, as accepted by the publisher. The published article is copyrighted by The Royal Society and can be found at: http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Non-additive and non-stationary properties in the spatial distribution of a large marine fish population Author: Ciannelli, Lorenzo, Chan, Kung-Sik, Bartolino, Valerio This is the author's peer-reviewed final manuscript, as accepted by the publisher. The published article is copyrighted by The Royal Society and can be found at: http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/. Title: Non-additive and non-stationary properties in the spatial distribution of a large marine fish population Author: Ciannelli, Lorenzo, Chan, Kung-Sik, Bartolino, Valerio This is the author's peer-reviewed final manuscript, as accepted by the publisher. The published article is copyrighted by The Royal Society and can be found at: http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/. Close

• 1054. [Article] Seasonality of U[superscript K’]₃₇ temperature estimates as inferred from sediment trap data

  This is an author's peer-reviewed final manuscript, as accepted by the publisher. The published article is copyrighted by Elsevier and can be found at: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/quaternary-scien...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Seasonality of U[superscript K’]₃₇ temperature estimates as inferred from sediment trap data Author: Prahl, Fredrick G., Rosell-Mele, Antoni This is an author's peer-reviewed final manuscript, as accepted by the publisher. The published article is copyrighted by Elsevier and can be found at: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/quaternary-science-reviews/. Title: Seasonality of U[superscript K’]₃₇ temperature estimates as inferred from sediment trap data Author: Prahl, Fredrick G., Rosell-Mele, Antoni This is an author's peer-reviewed final manuscript, as accepted by the publisher. The published article is copyrighted by Elsevier and can be found at: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/quaternary-science-reviews/. Close

• 1055. [Article] Location and dynamics of the Antarctic Polar Front from satellite sea surface temperature data

  copyrighted by American Geophysical Union

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Location and dynamics of the Antarctic Polar Front from satellite sea surface temperature data Author: Abbott, Mark R., Richman, James G., Moore, J. Keith copyrighted by American Geophysical Union Title: Location and dynamics of the Antarctic Polar Front from satellite sea surface temperature data Author: Abbott, Mark R., Richman, James G., Moore, J. Keith copyrighted by American Geophysical Union Close

• 1056. [Article] Climate Change Effects on Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Prairie Plants Along a Mediterranean Climate Gradient

  Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) provide numerous services to their plant symbionts. Understanding the effects of climate change on AMF, and the resulting plant responses, is a crucial factor in predicting ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Climate Change Effects on Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Prairie Plants Along a Mediterranean Climate Gradient Author: Wilson, Hannah Year: 2013 Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) provide numerous services to their plant symbionts. Understanding the effects of climate change on AMF, and the resulting plant responses, is a crucial factor in predicting ecosystem responses on a global scale. We used a manipulative climate change experiment embedded within a natural climate gradient in Oregon and Washington to examine how the effects of future climate change on AMF-plant symbioses are mediated by soil water availability, soil nutrient availability, and vegetation dynamics. Using structural equation modeling, we found that the direct effect of increasing temperatures was to decrease AMF colonization. Indirect effects of temperature, mediated through other variables, canceled each other out. However, future shifts in these relationships could either exacerbate or mitigate the negative direct effect of temperature. As ecosystems in Mediterranean climates experience more intense droughts and heavier rains, decreases in AMF colonization could have substantial consequences for plant communities and ecosystem function. Title: Climate Change Effects on Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Prairie Plants Along a Mediterranean Climate Gradient Author: Wilson, Hannah Year: 2013 Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) provide numerous services to their plant symbionts. Understanding the effects of climate change on AMF, and the resulting plant responses, is a crucial factor in predicting ecosystem responses on a global scale. We used a manipulative climate change experiment embedded within a natural climate gradient in Oregon and Washington to examine how the effects of future climate change on AMF-plant symbioses are mediated by soil water availability, soil nutrient availability, and vegetation dynamics. Using structural equation modeling, we found that the direct effect of increasing temperatures was to decrease AMF colonization. Indirect effects of temperature, mediated through other variables, canceled each other out. However, future shifts in these relationships could either exacerbate or mitigate the negative direct effect of temperature. As ecosystems in Mediterranean climates experience more intense droughts and heavier rains, decreases in AMF colonization could have substantial consequences for plant communities and ecosystem function. Close

• 1057. [Article] Aggregational behavior in the boreal toad Bufo boreas boreas Baird and Girard

  The object of this study was to investigate the possibilities of tracing aggregational behavior among Bufo boreas boreas larvae with reference to tadpole development, and to attempt to determine what aggregational ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Aggregational behavior in the boreal toad Bufo boreas boreas Baird and Girard Author: Dorsch, Anthony James The object of this study was to investigate the possibilities of tracing aggregational behavior among Bufo boreas boreas larvae with reference to tadpole development, and to attempt to determine what aggregational factors initiate and maintain this behavior. Additionally, an attempt was made to determine the significance of temperature as an individual environmental factor. Field records were taken from three Oregon lakes during the summers of 1965 and 1966. Behavioral patterns were traced through the larval, metamorphic and juvenile phases of development. Temperatures were recorded with a Schultheis centigrade thermometer. Preliminary experiments were conducted to determine the effects of a thermal gradient on tadpole behavior. Aggregational behavior is expressed by these tadpoles throughout all but the first few weeks of the larval phase, through metamorphosis, and into the first season of juvenile life. Aggregational patterns are peculiar to respective developmental stages. Schooling is significant, and the serpentine patterns are unique to these larvae. Temperature appears to be a relevant factor in initiating and maintaining aggregation. Several other factors which require clarification are discussed. Title: Aggregational behavior in the boreal toad Bufo boreas boreas Baird and Girard Author: Dorsch, Anthony James The object of this study was to investigate the possibilities of tracing aggregational behavior among Bufo boreas boreas larvae with reference to tadpole development, and to attempt to determine what aggregational factors initiate and maintain this behavior. Additionally, an attempt was made to determine the significance of temperature as an individual environmental factor. Field records were taken from three Oregon lakes during the summers of 1965 and 1966. Behavioral patterns were traced through the larval, metamorphic and juvenile phases of development. Temperatures were recorded with a Schultheis centigrade thermometer. Preliminary experiments were conducted to determine the effects of a thermal gradient on tadpole behavior. Aggregational behavior is expressed by these tadpoles throughout all but the first few weeks of the larval phase, through metamorphosis, and into the first season of juvenile life. Aggregational patterns are peculiar to respective developmental stages. Schooling is significant, and the serpentine patterns are unique to these larvae. Temperature appears to be a relevant factor in initiating and maintaining aggregation. Several other factors which require clarification are discussed. Close

• 1058. [Article] Some properties and reactions of umbellulone from the leaf oil of Coos Bay myrtle, Umbellularia californica

  The umbellulone was isolated from the myrtle oil by the sulfite method, which was found to be the most inexpensive and convenient method of obtaining the pure ketone. The umbellulone was hydrogenated in ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Some properties and reactions of umbellulone from the leaf oil of Coos Bay myrtle, Umbellularia californica Author: Kiyohiro, Leo Yukio The umbellulone was isolated from the myrtle oil by the sulfite method, which was found to be the most inexpensive and convenient method of obtaining the pure ketone. The umbellulone was hydrogenated in the vapor phase over a nickel catalyst, passing it through an electric tube furnace, in an attempt to compare the course of the reduction with that obtained by previous investigators operating upon a liquid phase. The products of each hydrogenation at different temperatures from 250° to 375°C. were analyzed for ketone, alcohol, and phenol contents, and for iodine value to determine unsaturation. Their physical constants, including specific gravity, optical rotation, and refractive index were also determined. The results so obtained were compared with those of the original ketone used and the following conclusions were shown:- 1. At temperatures below 300°C. partially saturated hydrogenated compounds were obtained. 2. At higher temperatures rearrangement took place converting umbellulone into phenols, specifically thymol. 3. The relative increase in alcohol content with a decrease in ketone content is probably due to a conversion of a dihydroumbellulone, which is first produced, to dihydroumbellulol or the fully saturated tetrahydroumbellulol, or possibly in part to the formation of menthone and its conversion to menthol. Title: Some properties and reactions of umbellulone from the leaf oil of Coos Bay myrtle, Umbellularia californica Author: Kiyohiro, Leo Yukio The umbellulone was isolated from the myrtle oil by the sulfite method, which was found to be the most inexpensive and convenient method of obtaining the pure ketone. The umbellulone was hydrogenated in the vapor phase over a nickel catalyst, passing it through an electric tube furnace, in an attempt to compare the course of the reduction with that obtained by previous investigators operating upon a liquid phase. The products of each hydrogenation at different temperatures from 250° to 375°C. were analyzed for ketone, alcohol, and phenol contents, and for iodine value to determine unsaturation. Their physical constants, including specific gravity, optical rotation, and refractive index were also determined. The results so obtained were compared with those of the original ketone used and the following conclusions were shown:- 1. At temperatures below 300°C. partially saturated hydrogenated compounds were obtained. 2. At higher temperatures rearrangement took place converting umbellulone into phenols, specifically thymol. 3. The relative increase in alcohol content with a decrease in ketone content is probably due to a conversion of a dihydroumbellulone, which is first produced, to dihydroumbellulol or the fully saturated tetrahydroumbellulol, or possibly in part to the formation of menthone and its conversion to menthol. Close

• 1059. [Article] Electron-phonon interactions and de Haas-van Alphen effect in dilute non-magnetic alloys

  First the theory of electron-phonon contributions to the de Haas-van Alphen effect in normal systems (pure metals in the nonsuperconducting state ) is reviewed.Then a new derivation of the de Haas-van ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Electron-phonon interactions and de Haas-van Alphen effect in dilute non-magnetic alloys Author: Bharatiya, Narsingh Ramniwas First the theory of electron-phonon contributions to the de Haas-van Alphen effect in normal systems (pure metals in the nonsuperconducting state ) is reviewed.Then a new derivation of the de Haas-van Alphen oscillations for an interacting system is given.The result is applied to electron-phonon scattering to show that contrary to what might be expected,the Dingle temperature does not include electron- phonon scattering effects and,under reasonable approximations, indeed one again recovers the quasi-partcle formula for the amplitude in the interacting system;however,with the electron-phonon enhanced mass replacing the bare electron (free or band) mass.Also a calculation of the electron-phonon scattering in dilute non-magnetic alloys is presented in which an uncorrelated ensemble average of phonon Green's functions for the disordered system is used. It is found that for the extended'high temperature limit' derived above the various contributions to the normal electron self-energy (relevant to the dHvA effect) still have a linear temperature dependence.However,the electron-phonon mass enhancement factor λ now depends on two more parameters besides the effective mass of the electrons in the host. Title: Electron-phonon interactions and de Haas-van Alphen effect in dilute non-magnetic alloys Author: Bharatiya, Narsingh Ramniwas First the theory of electron-phonon contributions to the de Haas-van Alphen effect in normal systems (pure metals in the nonsuperconducting state ) is reviewed.Then a new derivation of the de Haas-van Alphen oscillations for an interacting system is given.The result is applied to electron-phonon scattering to show that contrary to what might be expected,the Dingle temperature does not include electron- phonon scattering effects and,under reasonable approximations, indeed one again recovers the quasi-partcle formula for the amplitude in the interacting system;however,with the electron-phonon enhanced mass replacing the bare electron (free or band) mass.Also a calculation of the electron-phonon scattering in dilute non-magnetic alloys is presented in which an uncorrelated ensemble average of phonon Green's functions for the disordered system is used. It is found that for the extended'high temperature limit' derived above the various contributions to the normal electron self-energy (relevant to the dHvA effect) still have a linear temperature dependence.However,the electron-phonon mass enhancement factor λ now depends on two more parameters besides the effective mass of the electrons in the host. Close

• 1060. [Article] The relationship of temperature to pupal development rates of the western cherry fruit fly, Rhagoletis indifferens Curran

  Adult emergence studies conducted with Rhagoletis indifferens Curran reveal that diapause development in this insect is completed most rapidly at approximately 3°C. These results coupled with those reported ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The relationship of temperature to pupal development rates of the western cherry fruit fly, Rhagoletis indifferens Curran Author: VanKirk, James Ross Adult emergence studies conducted with Rhagoletis indifferens Curran reveal that diapause development in this insect is completed most rapidly at approximately 3°C. These results coupled with those reported by Brown (1978) confirm that chilling at 3°C. for ca. 200 days is best when high percent emergence, good synchrony of emergence, and relatively rapid completion of diapause development is required. Studies comparing emergence of field collected insects with that of insects chilled in the laboratory show that in 1978 diapause development in the field was near completion by the end of February. Similar studies may be necessary to pinpoint the end of diapause in the field population in any given year. A standard method was used to determine the thermal developmental threshold for use in degree-day models for adult emergence. This method yielded a value of 10.2°C. A slightly modified version of this standard method yielded a threshold of 11.7°C. A third method was used which entailed weighting data on the basis of the proportional occurrence of experimental incubation temperatures in the field. This method yielded a threshold value of 8.3°C. Comparison of the three thresholds using field emergence and temperature data for a five year period indicated that a model based upon the 8.3°C base threshold performed with less variation from year to year than did models based upon the other two thresholds. Title: The relationship of temperature to pupal development rates of the western cherry fruit fly, Rhagoletis indifferens Curran Author: VanKirk, James Ross Adult emergence studies conducted with Rhagoletis indifferens Curran reveal that diapause development in this insect is completed most rapidly at approximately 3°C. These results coupled with those reported by Brown (1978) confirm that chilling at 3°C. for ca. 200 days is best when high percent emergence, good synchrony of emergence, and relatively rapid completion of diapause development is required. Studies comparing emergence of field collected insects with that of insects chilled in the laboratory show that in 1978 diapause development in the field was near completion by the end of February. Similar studies may be necessary to pinpoint the end of diapause in the field population in any given year. A standard method was used to determine the thermal developmental threshold for use in degree-day models for adult emergence. This method yielded a value of 10.2°C. A slightly modified version of this standard method yielded a threshold of 11.7°C. A third method was used which entailed weighting data on the basis of the proportional occurrence of experimental incubation temperatures in the field. This method yielded a threshold value of 8.3°C. Comparison of the three thresholds using field emergence and temperature data for a five year period indicated that a model based upon the 8.3°C base threshold performed with less variation from year to year than did models based upon the other two thresholds. Close