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• 1. [Article] NEIMiner: nanomaterial environmental impact data miner

  To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the author(s) ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: NEIMiner: nanomaterial environmental impact data miner Author: Xu, Roger, Tang, Kaizhi, Steevens, Jeffery A., Liu, Xiong, Harper, Stacey L. To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the author(s) and published by Dove Medical Press Ltd. The published article can be found at: https://www.dovepress.com/international-journal-of-nanomedicine-journal. Title: NEIMiner: nanomaterial environmental impact data miner Author: Xu, Roger, Tang, Kaizhi, Steevens, Jeffery A., Liu, Xiong, Harper, Stacey L. To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the author(s) and published by Dove Medical Press Ltd. The published article can be found at: https://www.dovepress.com/international-journal-of-nanomedicine-journal. Close

• 2. [Article] Interactive visual analysis promotes exploration of long-term ecological data

  To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the author(s) ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interactive visual analysis promotes exploration of long-term ecological data Author: Swanson, Frederick, Pham, Tuan, Metoyer, Ronald, Pabst, Robert, Jones, Julia To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the author(s) and published by the Ecological Society of America. The published article can be found at: http://www.esajournals.org/loi/ecsp. Title: Interactive visual analysis promotes exploration of long-term ecological data Author: Swanson, Frederick, Pham, Tuan, Metoyer, Ronald, Pabst, Robert, Jones, Julia To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the author(s) and published by the Ecological Society of America. The published article can be found at: http://www.esajournals.org/loi/ecsp. Close

• 3. [Article] Report of International Coastal Atlas Network Workshop 3 on Federated Coastal Atlases: Building on the Interoperable Approach

  Workshop proceedings

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Report of International Coastal Atlas Network Workshop 3 on Federated Coastal Atlases: Building on the Interoperable Approach Author: Dwyer, Ned, Wright, Dawn Workshop proceedings Title: Report of International Coastal Atlas Network Workshop 3 on Federated Coastal Atlases: Building on the Interoperable Approach Author: Dwyer, Ned, Wright, Dawn Workshop proceedings Close

• 4. [Article] Climate Change Impacts on Marine Ecosystems

  This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Annual Reviews and can be found at: http://www.annualreviews.org/.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Climate Change Impacts on Marine Ecosystems Author: Ruckelshaus, Mary, English, Chad A., Chan, Francis, Grebmeier, Jacqueline M., Hollowed, Anne B., Galindo, Heather M., Barry, James P., Duffy, J. Emmett, Sydeman, William J., Knowlton, Nancy, Talley, Lynne D., Doney, Scott C., Polovina, Jeffrey, Rabalais, Nancy N. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Annual Reviews and can be found at: http://www.annualreviews.org/. Title: Climate Change Impacts on Marine Ecosystems Author: Ruckelshaus, Mary, English, Chad A., Chan, Francis, Grebmeier, Jacqueline M., Hollowed, Anne B., Galindo, Heather M., Barry, James P., Duffy, J. Emmett, Sydeman, William J., Knowlton, Nancy, Talley, Lynne D., Doney, Scott C., Polovina, Jeffrey, Rabalais, Nancy N. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Annual Reviews and can be found at: http://www.annualreviews.org/. Close

• 5. [Article] Report of International Coastal Atlas Network Workshop 4: Formalizing the Network, Engaging the Mediterranean

  From November 16 to 20, 2009, the International Coastal Atlas Network (ICAN) held a workshop on “Formalizing the Network, Engaging the Mediterranean” at the Adriatico Guest House of the UNESCO International ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Report of International Coastal Atlas Network Workshop 4: Formalizing the Network, Engaging the Mediterranean Author: Dwyer, Ned, Kopke, Kathrin, Wright, Dawn, O'Dea, Liz From November 16 to 20, 2009, the International Coastal Atlas Network (ICAN) held a workshop on “Formalizing the Network, Engaging the Mediterranean” at the Adriatico Guest House of the UNESCO International Centre for Theoretical Physics in Trieste, Italy. The workshop (aka “ICAN 4”) engaged 32 participants from 12 countries, representing 26 organizations and multiple areas of scientific and technical expertise. This meeting was a follow-up to the successful 2008 workshop on “Federated Coastal Atlases: Building the Interoperable Approach” (aka “ICAN 3”) held in Copenhagen, Denmark, as well as the 2007 workshop on “Coastal Atlas Interoperability” (aka “ICAN 2” in Corvallis, Oregon, USA) and the 2006 meeting “Potentials and Limitations of Coastal Web Atlases” (aka “ICAN 1” in Cork, Ireland). ICAN 3 continued the momentum by identifying the additional opportunities for partnering on coastal web atlas development throughout Europe, demonstrating the atlas interoperability prototype to the European Environment Agency and its many partners, and initiating the development of a long-term strategy and governance model for ICAN. ICAN 2 examined best practices for achieving interoperability between atlases, and led to the design of a demonstration interoperability prototype using the metadata catalogues of two atlases. ICAN 1 examined state-of-the-art developments in coastal web atlases (CWAs) from Europe and the U.S., shared several case studies and lessons learned, and established key issues and recommendations related to the design, data requirements, technology and institutional capacity needed for these atlases. At the conclusion of ICAN 3 it was abundantly clear that ICAN had grown from a simple idea to the cusp of a formal virtual organization, which had captured the interest of the European Environment Agency (EEA), the European Commission, UNESCO, and several government agencies, companies, non-governmental organizations, and universities. However, much more work needed to be accomplished. Therefore, the activities of ICAN 4 included:  Discussions of final implementation structures for governance (including formal procedures for receiving new members), technical activities, and continued identification of funding opportunities, so that ICAN can formally incorporate as a virtual organization (aka “community of practice”).  Presentations on emerging atlases in European countries (especially the Mediterranean) and beyond that are making themselves relevant through policy, environmental and socio-economic indicator work and related themes.  Continued progress on our ontology and semantic interoperability work, with an eye also toward articulating the benefits of semantic interoperability at a broader scale to non-specialists. In this we look forward to the advice and assistance of MMI and SeaDataNet, as well as to the new NETMAR (Open Service Network for Marine Environmental Data) initiative, which has already developed conceptual framework documents in this area. To this end, we also: o Held a small “workshop within a workshop” for atlas administrators on how to become a new node in interoperability prototype. o Initiated strategies on making further improvements to all those nodes (according to the Shared Environmental Information Systems (SEIS) principles of sharing information for multiple purposes, using data and systems that are accessible and interoperable). o Facilitated further work on partnerships, infrastructure and data exchange formats, all with the overall objective of enabling the nodes to share and communicate with each other, avoid duplication, and streamline information management. Presentations and discussion of user issues, including better knowledge of our atlas users, their needs, and on continued inventory, assessment, and evaluation of atlases. To this end, we discussed as part of a small “workshop within a workshop” how to improve the functionality of CWAs for general users, especially as the technology continues to change.  Small group meetings on potential funding opportunities on both sides of the Atlantic (European Union, US National Science Foundation and government agencies) in order to continue the work of ICAN.  Initiation of plans for a major ICAN presence at Littoral 2010 in London (European ICAN partners), as well as a standalone ICAN Americas meeting in Wisconsin, USA. In addition, the ICAN workshop took place around a two-day Workshop on Maritime and Coastal Information Systems, organised by the EEA’s Environmental Information and Observation Network (EIONET), which was open to ICAN 4 attendees as well. The main objective of this meeting was to inform the many participating countries of the EIONET National Reference Centre (NRC) network and to allow for a first exchange of views on scope and roles in the new formation for this entity. Four participants of ICAN 4 were invited to give presentations at the EEA/EIONET workshop, which allowed EEA/EIONET to explore collaboration opportunities as a result of ICAN’s emergence. The US National Science Foundation (NSF) had originally awarded support for two ICAN workshops, so there will be a 5th international workshop (aka ICAN 5), at the headquarters of the UNESCO International Oceanographic Data and Information Exchange (IODE) in Oostende, Belgium, August 31 to September 2, 2011. IODE will co-host CoastGIS 2011 in Oostende immediately following ICAN 5. Objectives of ICAN 5 will include follow-up activities that we did not have time to accomplish at ICAN 4, including:  Continued progress on our ontology and semantic interoperability work, but with an eye also toward articulating the benefits of semantic interoperability at a broader scale, to non-specialists.  Continued engagement and servicing of users of coastal web atlases, and on continued inventory, assessment, and evaluation of atlases.  Revisiting the main recommendations of the ICAN 1, especially evaluating atlas impact, and developing analysis and decision-support tools in atlases.  Forming proposal teams and submissions to the next available and appropriate NSF and other grant competitions (e.g., NSF Partnerships for International Research and Education, NSF Community-Based Data Interoperability Networks, NOAA, European Framework Program, InterReg, and ESF ).  Exchanging lessons learned in spatial data infrastructure between the US, European INSPIRE and other national and regional efforts.  Continued implementation and improvement of new governance, strategic planning, and technical working groups. Title: Report of International Coastal Atlas Network Workshop 4: Formalizing the Network, Engaging the Mediterranean Author: Dwyer, Ned, Kopke, Kathrin, Wright, Dawn, O'Dea, Liz From November 16 to 20, 2009, the International Coastal Atlas Network (ICAN) held a workshop on “Formalizing the Network, Engaging the Mediterranean” at the Adriatico Guest House of the UNESCO International Centre for Theoretical Physics in Trieste, Italy. The workshop (aka “ICAN 4”) engaged 32 participants from 12 countries, representing 26 organizations and multiple areas of scientific and technical expertise. This meeting was a follow-up to the successful 2008 workshop on “Federated Coastal Atlases: Building the Interoperable Approach” (aka “ICAN 3”) held in Copenhagen, Denmark, as well as the 2007 workshop on “Coastal Atlas Interoperability” (aka “ICAN 2” in Corvallis, Oregon, USA) and the 2006 meeting “Potentials and Limitations of Coastal Web Atlases” (aka “ICAN 1” in Cork, Ireland). ICAN 3 continued the momentum by identifying the additional opportunities for partnering on coastal web atlas development throughout Europe, demonstrating the atlas interoperability prototype to the European Environment Agency and its many partners, and initiating the development of a long-term strategy and governance model for ICAN. ICAN 2 examined best practices for achieving interoperability between atlases, and led to the design of a demonstration interoperability prototype using the metadata catalogues of two atlases. ICAN 1 examined state-of-the-art developments in coastal web atlases (CWAs) from Europe and the U.S., shared several case studies and lessons learned, and established key issues and recommendations related to the design, data requirements, technology and institutional capacity needed for these atlases. At the conclusion of ICAN 3 it was abundantly clear that ICAN had grown from a simple idea to the cusp of a formal virtual organization, which had captured the interest of the European Environment Agency (EEA), the European Commission, UNESCO, and several government agencies, companies, non-governmental organizations, and universities. However, much more work needed to be accomplished. Therefore, the activities of ICAN 4 included:  Discussions of final implementation structures for governance (including formal procedures for receiving new members), technical activities, and continued identification of funding opportunities, so that ICAN can formally incorporate as a virtual organization (aka “community of practice”).  Presentations on emerging atlases in European countries (especially the Mediterranean) and beyond that are making themselves relevant through policy, environmental and socio-economic indicator work and related themes.  Continued progress on our ontology and semantic interoperability work, with an eye also toward articulating the benefits of semantic interoperability at a broader scale to non-specialists. In this we look forward to the advice and assistance of MMI and SeaDataNet, as well as to the new NETMAR (Open Service Network for Marine Environmental Data) initiative, which has already developed conceptual framework documents in this area. To this end, we also: o Held a small “workshop within a workshop” for atlas administrators on how to become a new node in interoperability prototype. o Initiated strategies on making further improvements to all those nodes (according to the Shared Environmental Information Systems (SEIS) principles of sharing information for multiple purposes, using data and systems that are accessible and interoperable). o Facilitated further work on partnerships, infrastructure and data exchange formats, all with the overall objective of enabling the nodes to share and communicate with each other, avoid duplication, and streamline information management. Presentations and discussion of user issues, including better knowledge of our atlas users, their needs, and on continued inventory, assessment, and evaluation of atlases. To this end, we discussed as part of a small “workshop within a workshop” how to improve the functionality of CWAs for general users, especially as the technology continues to change.  Small group meetings on potential funding opportunities on both sides of the Atlantic (European Union, US National Science Foundation and government agencies) in order to continue the work of ICAN.  Initiation of plans for a major ICAN presence at Littoral 2010 in London (European ICAN partners), as well as a standalone ICAN Americas meeting in Wisconsin, USA. In addition, the ICAN workshop took place around a two-day Workshop on Maritime and Coastal Information Systems, organised by the EEA’s Environmental Information and Observation Network (EIONET), which was open to ICAN 4 attendees as well. The main objective of this meeting was to inform the many participating countries of the EIONET National Reference Centre (NRC) network and to allow for a first exchange of views on scope and roles in the new formation for this entity. Four participants of ICAN 4 were invited to give presentations at the EEA/EIONET workshop, which allowed EEA/EIONET to explore collaboration opportunities as a result of ICAN’s emergence. The US National Science Foundation (NSF) had originally awarded support for two ICAN workshops, so there will be a 5th international workshop (aka ICAN 5), at the headquarters of the UNESCO International Oceanographic Data and Information Exchange (IODE) in Oostende, Belgium, August 31 to September 2, 2011. IODE will co-host CoastGIS 2011 in Oostende immediately following ICAN 5. Objectives of ICAN 5 will include follow-up activities that we did not have time to accomplish at ICAN 4, including:  Continued progress on our ontology and semantic interoperability work, but with an eye also toward articulating the benefits of semantic interoperability at a broader scale, to non-specialists.  Continued engagement and servicing of users of coastal web atlases, and on continued inventory, assessment, and evaluation of atlases.  Revisiting the main recommendations of the ICAN 1, especially evaluating atlas impact, and developing analysis and decision-support tools in atlases.  Forming proposal teams and submissions to the next available and appropriate NSF and other grant competitions (e.g., NSF Partnerships for International Research and Education, NSF Community-Based Data Interoperability Networks, NOAA, European Framework Program, InterReg, and ESF ).  Exchanging lessons learned in spatial data infrastructure between the US, European INSPIRE and other national and regional efforts.  Continued implementation and improvement of new governance, strategic planning, and technical working groups. Close

• 6. [Article] What can I do with my small farm? : selecting an enterprise for small acreages

  Published March 2001. A more recent revision exists. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://ex...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: What can I do with my small farm? : selecting an enterprise for small acreages Author: Stephenson, Garry Owen, Bubl, Charles Edward, Oregon State University. Extension Service Published March 2001. A more recent revision exists. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog/catalog/catalog Title: What can I do with my small farm? : selecting an enterprise for small acreages Author: Stephenson, Garry Owen, Bubl, Charles Edward, Oregon State University. Extension Service Published March 2001. A more recent revision exists. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog/catalog/catalog Close

• 7. [Article] El control de polillas: las bolas de naftalina y otros métodos

  Published August 2008. Reviewed July 2013. Please check for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Service Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: El control de polillas: las bolas de naftalina y otros métodos Author: Washington State University. Extension, Stone, David L. (David Louis), Pacific Northwest Cooperative Extension, Stock, T. (Tim), University of Idaho. Extension, Oregon State University. Extension Service Published August 2008. Reviewed July 2013. Please check for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Service Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog Title: El control de polillas: las bolas de naftalina y otros métodos Author: Washington State University. Extension, Stone, David L. (David Louis), Pacific Northwest Cooperative Extension, Stock, T. (Tim), University of Idaho. Extension, Oregon State University. Extension Service Published August 2008. Reviewed July 2013. Please check for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Service Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog Close

• 8. [Article] Mothballs: proper use and alternative controls for clothes moths

  Published May 2008. Reviewed July 2013. Please check for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Service Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Mothballs: proper use and alternative controls for clothes moths Author: Washington State University. Extension, Stone, David L. (David Louis), Pacific Northwest Cooperative Extension, Stock, T. (Tim), University of Idaho. Extension, Oregon State University. Extension Service Published May 2008. Reviewed July 2013. Please check for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Service Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog Title: Mothballs: proper use and alternative controls for clothes moths Author: Washington State University. Extension, Stone, David L. (David Louis), Pacific Northwest Cooperative Extension, Stock, T. (Tim), University of Idaho. Extension, Oregon State University. Extension Service Published May 2008. Reviewed July 2013. Please check for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Service Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog Close

• 9. [Article] Phylotastic! Making tree-of-life knowledge accessible, reusable and convenient

  This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by BioMed Central Ltd. and can be found at: http://www.biomedcentral.com/.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Phylotastic! Making tree-of-life knowledge accessible, reusable and convenient Author: O'Meara, Brian, Rosenberg, Michael S., Pennell, Matthew W., Vaidya, Gaurav, Webb, Campbell O, Cranston, Karen, Sukumaran, Jeet, Heath, Tracy A., Stoltzfus, Arlin, Pontelli, Enrico, Vos, Rutger, Deus, Helena, Alfaro, Michael E., Lapp, Hilmar, Zmasek, Christian M., Sidlauskas, Brian, Jordan, Greg, Balhoff, James P., Harmon, Luke J., Brown, Joseph W., Matasci, Naim, Midford, Peter E., Westneat, Mark, McTavish, Emily Jane, Bik, Holly M., Mirarab, Siavash, Steele, Aaron, Pirrung, Megan This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by BioMed Central Ltd. and can be found at: http://www.biomedcentral.com/. Title: Phylotastic! Making tree-of-life knowledge accessible, reusable and convenient Author: O'Meara, Brian, Rosenberg, Michael S., Pennell, Matthew W., Vaidya, Gaurav, Webb, Campbell O, Cranston, Karen, Sukumaran, Jeet, Heath, Tracy A., Stoltzfus, Arlin, Pontelli, Enrico, Vos, Rutger, Deus, Helena, Alfaro, Michael E., Lapp, Hilmar, Zmasek, Christian M., Sidlauskas, Brian, Jordan, Greg, Balhoff, James P., Harmon, Luke J., Brown, Joseph W., Matasci, Naim, Midford, Peter E., Westneat, Mark, McTavish, Emily Jane, Bik, Holly M., Mirarab, Siavash, Steele, Aaron, Pirrung, Megan This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by BioMed Central Ltd. and can be found at: http://www.biomedcentral.com/. Close

• 10. [Article] Persona concept : system architecture and prototypes

  This project explores a security framework, called the Persona Concept, aimed at giving the user greater control over their private data in cyberspace, in particular, their electronic credentials. The ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Persona concept : system architecture and prototypes Author: Subramanium, Mahesh This project explores a security framework, called the Persona Concept, aimed at giving the user greater control over their private data in cyberspace, in particular, their electronic credentials. The background for the Persona Concept, along with the requirements identified can be found in three (3) technical publications produced by Kal Toth and myself in 2003 (see list of references [1], [2] and [3]). The Persona Concept uses a Persona Server as the secure storehouse for persona data such as credit card and bank account identifiers as well electronic credentials such as X.509 certificates. The data is secured using public key encryption. The server component interacts with the user via a Persona Client which obtains X-509 Certificates on behalf of the user from a Certification Authority (CA) service. Interaction among the various components (Persona Server, Persona Client and Certification Authority) is enabled by the use of Web Services. This project focused on managing the user data across these components including the creation, secure storage and retrieval of Persona data to and from the Persona Server using Simple Object Application Protocol (SOAP) and under the control of public key encryption schemes. SOAP is an open XML-based application-level Internet protocol for implementing distributed access to object-oriented services deployed on the Web. SOAP is designed to allow applications running on a range of platforms to access remote objects and applications on servers across a TCP/IP network. In addition to this, the project built upon the work by Ike Chen (OSU M.S. graduate project in 2004) [4] by enabling X-509 Certificate file transfer between the client and Certification Authority using SOAP (improvements were made to the mechanisms for transferring files, particularly in support of X.509 certificates). A Java-based prototype client called the Persona Client (PC) was created and used in conjunction with a small local password-based security scheme to protect the private key data on the user device. My project first implemented the upgrade to the Certification Authority services and detailed the various policies surrounding storage of data. I then implemented the Persona Client which enabled me to test the persona services in place. I then implemented the encryption schemes and the server components enabling the secure storage and transfer of Persona Data. Components to create, edit and delete data were packaged and published as services to be used by the Persona Client. Future extensions of this project could include exploring custom credential generation based on Security Assertion Markup Language (SAML) and Extensible Access Control Markup Language (XACML) which together can be used to specify XML-based credentials and access control policies for an enterprise. Other extensions include the implementation of discretionary and mandatory security policies using XACML to allow users to conduct transactions across various domains. Title: Persona concept : system architecture and prototypes Author: Subramanium, Mahesh This project explores a security framework, called the Persona Concept, aimed at giving the user greater control over their private data in cyberspace, in particular, their electronic credentials. The background for the Persona Concept, along with the requirements identified can be found in three (3) technical publications produced by Kal Toth and myself in 2003 (see list of references [1], [2] and [3]). The Persona Concept uses a Persona Server as the secure storehouse for persona data such as credit card and bank account identifiers as well electronic credentials such as X.509 certificates. The data is secured using public key encryption. The server component interacts with the user via a Persona Client which obtains X-509 Certificates on behalf of the user from a Certification Authority (CA) service. Interaction among the various components (Persona Server, Persona Client and Certification Authority) is enabled by the use of Web Services. This project focused on managing the user data across these components including the creation, secure storage and retrieval of Persona data to and from the Persona Server using Simple Object Application Protocol (SOAP) and under the control of public key encryption schemes. SOAP is an open XML-based application-level Internet protocol for implementing distributed access to object-oriented services deployed on the Web. SOAP is designed to allow applications running on a range of platforms to access remote objects and applications on servers across a TCP/IP network. In addition to this, the project built upon the work by Ike Chen (OSU M.S. graduate project in 2004) [4] by enabling X-509 Certificate file transfer between the client and Certification Authority using SOAP (improvements were made to the mechanisms for transferring files, particularly in support of X.509 certificates). A Java-based prototype client called the Persona Client (PC) was created and used in conjunction with a small local password-based security scheme to protect the private key data on the user device. My project first implemented the upgrade to the Certification Authority services and detailed the various policies surrounding storage of data. I then implemented the Persona Client which enabled me to test the persona services in place. I then implemented the encryption schemes and the server components enabling the secure storage and transfer of Persona Data. Components to create, edit and delete data were packaged and published as services to be used by the Persona Client. Future extensions of this project could include exploring custom credential generation based on Security Assertion Markup Language (SAML) and Extensible Access Control Markup Language (XACML) which together can be used to specify XML-based credentials and access control policies for an enterprise. Other extensions include the implementation of discretionary and mandatory security policies using XACML to allow users to conduct transactions across various domains. Close