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• 1. [Article] Stormwater Solutions for Improving Water Quality: Supporting the Development of the Amazon Creek Initiative

  The Long Tom Watershed Council (LTWC) is a non-profit organization in Eugene, Oregon that serves to protect and enhance watershed health in the Long Tom River Basin. The Amazon Creek Initiative was launched ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Stormwater Solutions for Improving Water Quality: Supporting the Development of the Amazon Creek Initiative Author: Larson, Kristen M. The Long Tom Watershed Council (LTWC) is a non-profit organization in Eugene, Oregon that serves to protect and enhance watershed health in the Long Tom River Basin. The Amazon Creek Initiative was launched by the LTWC in 2011 as Oregon’s newest Pesticide Stewardship Partner. Goals of the initiative are to improve water quality and habitat function in Amazon Creek by encouraging voluntary retrofits of low-impact development (LID) and through outreach and education of pollution prevention practices. This internship involved a series of projects in support of the development of the Amazon Creek Initiative. Accomplishments included surface water sampling, stakeholder research, development of communication tools, creation of an LID cost calculator, site visits and assessments of pesticide retailers, and a review of national efforts to train pesticide retail staff in integrated pest management. This work supports the Amazon Creek Initiative as it moves towards implementation and provided diverse learning opportunities in non-profit and watershed council operations, communicating a scientific message, and low-impact development solutions to stormwater management. Title: Stormwater Solutions for Improving Water Quality: Supporting the Development of the Amazon Creek Initiative Author: Larson, Kristen M. The Long Tom Watershed Council (LTWC) is a non-profit organization in Eugene, Oregon that serves to protect and enhance watershed health in the Long Tom River Basin. The Amazon Creek Initiative was launched by the LTWC in 2011 as Oregon’s newest Pesticide Stewardship Partner. Goals of the initiative are to improve water quality and habitat function in Amazon Creek by encouraging voluntary retrofits of low-impact development (LID) and through outreach and education of pollution prevention practices. This internship involved a series of projects in support of the development of the Amazon Creek Initiative. Accomplishments included surface water sampling, stakeholder research, development of communication tools, creation of an LID cost calculator, site visits and assessments of pesticide retailers, and a review of national efforts to train pesticide retail staff in integrated pest management. This work supports the Amazon Creek Initiative as it moves towards implementation and provided diverse learning opportunities in non-profit and watershed council operations, communicating a scientific message, and low-impact development solutions to stormwater management. Close

• 2. [Article] Coniferous forest biome :1975 to 1977 proposal : Volume 1

  The Coniferous Forest Biome was initially funded in 1970 by the National Science Foundation as a large-scale, interdisciplinary, interinstitutional research program to study coniferous forest and associated ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Coniferous forest biome :1975 to 1977 proposal : Volume 1 Author: U.S. International Biological Program. Coniferous Forest Biome The Coniferous Forest Biome was initially funded in 1970 by the National Science Foundation as a large-scale, interdisciplinary, interinstitutional research program to study coniferous forest and associated aquatic ecosystems. It was initiated as one of the Integrated Research Programs in the Ecosystem Analysis Section of the U.S./International Biological Program (US/IBP). The IBP was generated in response to a need to solve the major problems confronting mankind: rapidly increasing population, food and fiber shortages, and environmental degradation. Its major theme was "determination of the biological basis for productivity and human welfare." The US/IBP is sponsored by the National Academy of Sciences/National Research Council and terminates on 30 June 1974. This proposal requests continued support in the post-IBP period from 1 January 1975 to 31 December 1977. Our initial proposals were developed around the need for developing new approaches and theory in ecology and concentrated on integrating knowledge of the structure and function of selected terrestrial and linked aquatic ecosystems. Development of ecosystem theory is needed to forward basic ecological science and for practical land management purposes. This proposal emphasizes further extension of Biome research in space and time dimensions from the data base and theoretical understanding of coniferous forest ecosystems gained to date. This will be accomplished through studies that will be conducted at the stand, watershed, regional, ecosystem interaction, lake and stream integration levels. Modeling will be used as an integrating mechanism at each of the levels. The proposal is presented in three volumes. Volume 1 (parts 1 and 2) describes our research rationale, our proposed research in relation to our findings, research management, application of Biome results, budgets, and project summaries. Volume 2 (parts 3-5) represents an initial synthesis of program results to date. Part 3 describes the structure and dynamics of natural coniferous ecosystems in the Biome with emphasis on the Douglas-fir region. Modeling has been used as our major integrating mechanism. Part 4 is devoted to discussion of what we have learned about integrating ecosystem studies through modeling. We have just initiated studies on the behavior of stressed (e.g., insect defoliated) and manipulated (e.g., fertilized) ecosystems, and the preliminary information we have gained in this area is presented in part 5. In this discussion our findings are compared with the findings of other researchers where possible. There are many gaps in our knowledge of the effects of stress and manipulation on coniferous forest ecosystems, and as a result we have proposed research in that area. Volume 3 consists of the Appendix (part 6), which includes a list of Biome publications (contributions, bulletins, and internal reports), a section on model documentation, and curriculum vitae. The section on model documentation is particularly important since it provides a framework for evaluating complicated models by biologists and modelers alike. Title: Coniferous forest biome :1975 to 1977 proposal : Volume 1 Author: U.S. International Biological Program. Coniferous Forest Biome The Coniferous Forest Biome was initially funded in 1970 by the National Science Foundation as a large-scale, interdisciplinary, interinstitutional research program to study coniferous forest and associated aquatic ecosystems. It was initiated as one of the Integrated Research Programs in the Ecosystem Analysis Section of the U.S./International Biological Program (US/IBP). The IBP was generated in response to a need to solve the major problems confronting mankind: rapidly increasing population, food and fiber shortages, and environmental degradation. Its major theme was "determination of the biological basis for productivity and human welfare." The US/IBP is sponsored by the National Academy of Sciences/National Research Council and terminates on 30 June 1974. This proposal requests continued support in the post-IBP period from 1 January 1975 to 31 December 1977. Our initial proposals were developed around the need for developing new approaches and theory in ecology and concentrated on integrating knowledge of the structure and function of selected terrestrial and linked aquatic ecosystems. Development of ecosystem theory is needed to forward basic ecological science and for practical land management purposes. This proposal emphasizes further extension of Biome research in space and time dimensions from the data base and theoretical understanding of coniferous forest ecosystems gained to date. This will be accomplished through studies that will be conducted at the stand, watershed, regional, ecosystem interaction, lake and stream integration levels. Modeling will be used as an integrating mechanism at each of the levels. The proposal is presented in three volumes. Volume 1 (parts 1 and 2) describes our research rationale, our proposed research in relation to our findings, research management, application of Biome results, budgets, and project summaries. Volume 2 (parts 3-5) represents an initial synthesis of program results to date. Part 3 describes the structure and dynamics of natural coniferous ecosystems in the Biome with emphasis on the Douglas-fir region. Modeling has been used as our major integrating mechanism. Part 4 is devoted to discussion of what we have learned about integrating ecosystem studies through modeling. We have just initiated studies on the behavior of stressed (e.g., insect defoliated) and manipulated (e.g., fertilized) ecosystems, and the preliminary information we have gained in this area is presented in part 5. In this discussion our findings are compared with the findings of other researchers where possible. There are many gaps in our knowledge of the effects of stress and manipulation on coniferous forest ecosystems, and as a result we have proposed research in that area. Volume 3 consists of the Appendix (part 6), which includes a list of Biome publications (contributions, bulletins, and internal reports), a section on model documentation, and curriculum vitae. The section on model documentation is particularly important since it provides a framework for evaluating complicated models by biologists and modelers alike. Close

• 3. [Article] Defining and evaluating recovery of OCN coho salmon stocks: implications for rebuilding stocks under the Oregon Plan : summary of a workshop organized by the Independent Multidisciplinary Science Team, August 4-5, 1999

  This report was written by the Independent Multidisciplinary Science Team of the Oregon Plan for Salmon and Watersheds.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Defining and evaluating recovery of OCN coho salmon stocks: implications for rebuilding stocks under the Oregon Plan : summary of a workshop organized by the Independent Multidisciplinary Science Team, August 4-5, 1999 Author: Independent Multidisciplinary Science Team (Or.) This report was written by the Independent Multidisciplinary Science Team of the Oregon Plan for Salmon and Watersheds. Title: Defining and evaluating recovery of OCN coho salmon stocks: implications for rebuilding stocks under the Oregon Plan : summary of a workshop organized by the Independent Multidisciplinary Science Team, August 4-5, 1999 Author: Independent Multidisciplinary Science Team (Or.) This report was written by the Independent Multidisciplinary Science Team of the Oregon Plan for Salmon and Watersheds. Close

• 4. [Article] A guide to riparian tree and shrub planting in the Willamette Valley : steps to success

  Published October 2011. Reviewed November 2015. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: A guide to riparian tree and shrub planting in the Willamette Valley : steps to success Author: Ahrens, Glenn R., Withrow-Robinson, Bradford A., Bennett, Max, 1963-, Oregon State University. Extension Service Published October 2011. Reviewed November 2015. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog Title: A guide to riparian tree and shrub planting in the Willamette Valley : steps to success Author: Ahrens, Glenn R., Withrow-Robinson, Bradford A., Bennett, Max, 1963-, Oregon State University. Extension Service Published October 2011. Reviewed November 2015. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog Close

• 5. [Article] Salmon Abundances and Effects of Harvest: Implications for Rebuilding Stocks of Wild Coho Salmon in Oregon

  This report was prepared by the Independent Multidisciplinary Science Team of the Oregon Plan for Salmon and Watersheds.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Salmon Abundances and Effects of Harvest: Implications for Rebuilding Stocks of Wild Coho Salmon in Oregon Author: Independent Multidisciplinary Science Team (Or.) This report was prepared by the Independent Multidisciplinary Science Team of the Oregon Plan for Salmon and Watersheds. Title: Salmon Abundances and Effects of Harvest: Implications for Rebuilding Stocks of Wild Coho Salmon in Oregon Author: Independent Multidisciplinary Science Team (Or.) This report was prepared by the Independent Multidisciplinary Science Team of the Oregon Plan for Salmon and Watersheds. Close

• 6. [Article] Who's in place, who's out of place : examining the politics of natural resource collaboration

  A qualitative research approach composed of three strategies was employed to systematically examine the politics of natural resource collaboration. First, using the Oregon Plan for Salmon and Watersheds ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Who's in place, who's out of place : examining the politics of natural resource collaboration Author: Cheng, Antony S. A qualitative research approach composed of three strategies was employed to systematically examine the politics of natural resource collaboration. First, using the Oregon Plan for Salmon and Watersheds as a case study, the behavioral assumptions of natural resource policy instruments enabling collaboration were uncovered and analyzed. Three key assumptions emerge: 1) stakeholders are internally motivated by strong social values to work with others to save salmon and restore their watersheds; 2) stakeholders are willing to take action in their watershed but lack the capacity to do so, such as financial, technical, and information resources; 3) stakeholders are capable of learning about, testing, and processing feedback from alternative restoration approaches. Second, theoretical perspectives focusing on the social influence of place were integrated with Elinor Ostrom's behavioral theory of collective action. The resulting theoretical framework proposes that place is a variable that influences choice of behavioral strategies in natural resource collaboration by: 1) providing a means for stakeholders to identify and, therefore, understand how to relate to one another; and 2) influencing the probabilities that stakeholders can expect to interact with one another in the future. Third, a qualitative, comparative case study of two watershed councils in western Oregon applied the framework and identified three key dimensions of group identification related to place: 1) group identities related to stakeholders' interest and values in the watershed; 2) group identities related to stakeholders' ways of knowing the watershed; and 3) group identities related to social ties within the watershed. The qualitative research approach sheds light on the diverse behaviors stakeholders exhibit in natural resource collaboration. It challenges the notion that stakeholders are strictly motivated to maximize material self-interest in natural resource politics. Stakeholders vary in their interactions depending on the geographic scale of the landscape in question. The study also provides compelling evidence that stakeholders' collective identification to a shared place generates a higher likelihood of sustaining collaborative relationships and trust in one another. Title: Who's in place, who's out of place : examining the politics of natural resource collaboration Author: Cheng, Antony S. A qualitative research approach composed of three strategies was employed to systematically examine the politics of natural resource collaboration. First, using the Oregon Plan for Salmon and Watersheds as a case study, the behavioral assumptions of natural resource policy instruments enabling collaboration were uncovered and analyzed. Three key assumptions emerge: 1) stakeholders are internally motivated by strong social values to work with others to save salmon and restore their watersheds; 2) stakeholders are willing to take action in their watershed but lack the capacity to do so, such as financial, technical, and information resources; 3) stakeholders are capable of learning about, testing, and processing feedback from alternative restoration approaches. Second, theoretical perspectives focusing on the social influence of place were integrated with Elinor Ostrom's behavioral theory of collective action. The resulting theoretical framework proposes that place is a variable that influences choice of behavioral strategies in natural resource collaboration by: 1) providing a means for stakeholders to identify and, therefore, understand how to relate to one another; and 2) influencing the probabilities that stakeholders can expect to interact with one another in the future. Third, a qualitative, comparative case study of two watershed councils in western Oregon applied the framework and identified three key dimensions of group identification related to place: 1) group identities related to stakeholders' interest and values in the watershed; 2) group identities related to stakeholders' ways of knowing the watershed; and 3) group identities related to social ties within the watershed. The qualitative research approach sheds light on the diverse behaviors stakeholders exhibit in natural resource collaboration. It challenges the notion that stakeholders are strictly motivated to maximize material self-interest in natural resource politics. Stakeholders vary in their interactions depending on the geographic scale of the landscape in question. The study also provides compelling evidence that stakeholders' collective identification to a shared place generates a higher likelihood of sustaining collaborative relationships and trust in one another. Close

• 7. [Article] Characterizing community impacts of small dam removal : a case study of the Brownsville Dam

  Emerging river policy has launched small dam removal as a viable option to meet the ecological and social demands for river restoration. As small dam removals gain precedence as a policy tool in river ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Characterizing community impacts of small dam removal : a case study of the Brownsville Dam Author: Elston, Denise E. Emerging river policy has launched small dam removal as a viable option to meet the ecological and social demands for river restoration. As small dam removals gain precedence as a policy tool in river restoration projects there exists a glaring gap in the social considerations, in particular how small dam removals may affect existing community conditions. In order to determine the community impacts that may result, a case study of the Brownsville Dam Removal, in Brownsville Oregon was investigated to address two questions: 1) how has the Brownsville Dam removal affected the social and economic conditions of the community and 2) what indicators can be used to characterize and monitor the impacts. Twenty-nine semi-structured interviews were conducted with four community affiliations: 1) Canal Company members; 2) Calapooia Watershed Council members; 3) City Officials; and 4) community residents. A participatory social impact assessment (SIA) approach was used to validate existing and/or emergent impacts and indicators. The semi-structured interviews assisted in the development of a matrix of impacts and indicators specific to small dam removal. The local impacts and indicators were operationalized and measured. Findings suggest that the social and economic impacts when distributed across the community are minimal in this case of small dam removal. Because local data availability is limited, it was determined that the traditional social impact assessment framework can be vastly improved through the engagement of the community. This research further suggests that when collaboration is extended beyond a unidirectional flow of information (which is often the case in a traditional SIA), issues and concerns are open to deliberation in a non-threatening arena. The Calapooia Watershed Council served as the forum through which the residents of Brownsville were able to enhance their participation in decision making. This also contributed to a learning process that in the end furthered the community's understanding of the dynamic physical changes to the Calapooia River as well as their capacity to solve complex decisions. The case also demonstrated that collective learning is a reflective process of adjustment to the changing circumstances in which the community came to perceive, interpret, and act upon their interest. With a growing number of collaborative partnerships of watershed based management, distinguishable by their decentralized, participatory engagement of stakeholders, it may be likely that these place-based mechanisms will become the nexus to the successful coordination of small dam removal deliberation in the future. Title: Characterizing community impacts of small dam removal : a case study of the Brownsville Dam Author: Elston, Denise E. Emerging river policy has launched small dam removal as a viable option to meet the ecological and social demands for river restoration. As small dam removals gain precedence as a policy tool in river restoration projects there exists a glaring gap in the social considerations, in particular how small dam removals may affect existing community conditions. In order to determine the community impacts that may result, a case study of the Brownsville Dam Removal, in Brownsville Oregon was investigated to address two questions: 1) how has the Brownsville Dam removal affected the social and economic conditions of the community and 2) what indicators can be used to characterize and monitor the impacts. Twenty-nine semi-structured interviews were conducted with four community affiliations: 1) Canal Company members; 2) Calapooia Watershed Council members; 3) City Officials; and 4) community residents. A participatory social impact assessment (SIA) approach was used to validate existing and/or emergent impacts and indicators. The semi-structured interviews assisted in the development of a matrix of impacts and indicators specific to small dam removal. The local impacts and indicators were operationalized and measured. Findings suggest that the social and economic impacts when distributed across the community are minimal in this case of small dam removal. Because local data availability is limited, it was determined that the traditional social impact assessment framework can be vastly improved through the engagement of the community. This research further suggests that when collaboration is extended beyond a unidirectional flow of information (which is often the case in a traditional SIA), issues and concerns are open to deliberation in a non-threatening arena. The Calapooia Watershed Council served as the forum through which the residents of Brownsville were able to enhance their participation in decision making. This also contributed to a learning process that in the end furthered the community's understanding of the dynamic physical changes to the Calapooia River as well as their capacity to solve complex decisions. The case also demonstrated that collective learning is a reflective process of adjustment to the changing circumstances in which the community came to perceive, interpret, and act upon their interest. With a growing number of collaborative partnerships of watershed based management, distinguishable by their decentralized, participatory engagement of stakeholders, it may be likely that these place-based mechanisms will become the nexus to the successful coordination of small dam removal deliberation in the future. Close

• 8. [Article] Relationships, communication, and power in Willamette Valley watershed councils : toward building resilient collaborative pathways

  The purpose of this research is to investigate how stakeholders involved in collaborative watershed groups in Oregon work with each other to form ideas and take action. Most collaboration efforts include ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Relationships, communication, and power in Willamette Valley watershed councils : toward building resilient collaborative pathways Author: Myhre, Andrea L. The purpose of this research is to investigate how stakeholders involved in collaborative watershed groups in Oregon work with each other to form ideas and take action. Most collaboration efforts include encouraging a high level of trust with a great value placed on relationships and partners, being open and flexible, and involving multiple parties who share power, which is very different from traditional command-and- control approaches to environmental problems. Collaboration is currently a popular tool in environmental management but some criticize that it allows for more control over resources by interest groups or that these efforts are simply another layer of government bureaucracy. I studied the process of the collaborative approach in four watershed councils in the Willamette Basin, specifically focusing on collaboration concepts of relationship building, open communication, and shared power, as well as how they might be related to each other. I felt that watershed councils were probably not practicing collaboration due to variables such as stakeholders' value differences, political ecology dynamics in the watershed, or organizational issues which did not support collaboration components. The methodology I used to explore these questions primarily involved a systems approach and included cultural anthropology techniques in social network analysis, participant observation, and interviewing. However, because these concepts each involved a number of elements, I utilized a number of different quantitative analysis and mapping methods to help me see other possible trends that supported or redirected themes I drew from my data. To better understand power and centrality issues, I constructed sociograms based on communication patterns between collaborators as well as a power-index for each member of the project. I also researched background information related to the political ecology of each watershed to better understand outside influences that might be affecting the way collaboration concepts were being practiced by councils. Results suggested that collaboration is widely understood and appreciated by project and watershed council participants, who also trusted the councils to address their ideas and concerns. Collaboration does lead to relationship-building between participants across interest groups, especially between professionals and other citizen stakeholders. Previous relationships between landowners are important in helping to recruit participants and facilitate communication from council leadership to members. Project leaders tend to be government officials because of their position and knowledge. Also, relationships between stakeholders and agency employees are key to the initial development of projects, likely for the same reason. However, agency participants seem to play a position of acting as project facilitator instead of project director, helping to support collaboration concepts. In cases where collaboration concepts are not being practiced, other levels of influences such as social conditions or organizational problems are disrupting this balance. Comparing adaptive cycle and panarchy models - which center on system properties of capital, connectedness, and resilience - to collaboration concepts, which involve similar ideas, is helpful in assessing why collaboration is not working and how these situations can be remedied. Relationships between different levels of adaptive cycles affecting the watersheds can support or derail collaboration in councils. If the human community in the watershed is in turmoil, more energy in the form of strong councils may be needed to overcome this negative state. Watershed councils and their partners, such as OWEB, need to invest in effective organizational management strategies in order to maintain flexible connectedness, or a strong adaptive organizational structure in the councils. Agencies can also play a critical role by assigning and training staff to act as technical advisors and project facilitators, so that councils can focus on building the capacity of their organizations. Title: Relationships, communication, and power in Willamette Valley watershed councils : toward building resilient collaborative pathways Author: Myhre, Andrea L. The purpose of this research is to investigate how stakeholders involved in collaborative watershed groups in Oregon work with each other to form ideas and take action. Most collaboration efforts include encouraging a high level of trust with a great value placed on relationships and partners, being open and flexible, and involving multiple parties who share power, which is very different from traditional command-and- control approaches to environmental problems. Collaboration is currently a popular tool in environmental management but some criticize that it allows for more control over resources by interest groups or that these efforts are simply another layer of government bureaucracy. I studied the process of the collaborative approach in four watershed councils in the Willamette Basin, specifically focusing on collaboration concepts of relationship building, open communication, and shared power, as well as how they might be related to each other. I felt that watershed councils were probably not practicing collaboration due to variables such as stakeholders' value differences, political ecology dynamics in the watershed, or organizational issues which did not support collaboration components. The methodology I used to explore these questions primarily involved a systems approach and included cultural anthropology techniques in social network analysis, participant observation, and interviewing. However, because these concepts each involved a number of elements, I utilized a number of different quantitative analysis and mapping methods to help me see other possible trends that supported or redirected themes I drew from my data. To better understand power and centrality issues, I constructed sociograms based on communication patterns between collaborators as well as a power-index for each member of the project. I also researched background information related to the political ecology of each watershed to better understand outside influences that might be affecting the way collaboration concepts were being practiced by councils. Results suggested that collaboration is widely understood and appreciated by project and watershed council participants, who also trusted the councils to address their ideas and concerns. Collaboration does lead to relationship-building between participants across interest groups, especially between professionals and other citizen stakeholders. Previous relationships between landowners are important in helping to recruit participants and facilitate communication from council leadership to members. Project leaders tend to be government officials because of their position and knowledge. Also, relationships between stakeholders and agency employees are key to the initial development of projects, likely for the same reason. However, agency participants seem to play a position of acting as project facilitator instead of project director, helping to support collaboration concepts. In cases where collaboration concepts are not being practiced, other levels of influences such as social conditions or organizational problems are disrupting this balance. Comparing adaptive cycle and panarchy models - which center on system properties of capital, connectedness, and resilience - to collaboration concepts, which involve similar ideas, is helpful in assessing why collaboration is not working and how these situations can be remedied. Relationships between different levels of adaptive cycles affecting the watersheds can support or derail collaboration in councils. If the human community in the watershed is in turmoil, more energy in the form of strong councils may be needed to overcome this negative state. Watershed councils and their partners, such as OWEB, need to invest in effective organizational management strategies in order to maintain flexible connectedness, or a strong adaptive organizational structure in the councils. Agencies can also play a critical role by assigning and training staff to act as technical advisors and project facilitators, so that councils can focus on building the capacity of their organizations. Close

• 9. [Article] Watershed councils and woodland owners : the Oregon experience

  Oregon's watershed councils are local, non-regulatory, collaborative forums charged with the recovery of endangered salmon and improving water quality under The Oregon Plan for Salmon and Watersheds. Private ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Watershed councils and woodland owners : the Oregon experience Author: Rickenbach, Mark G., 1968- Oregon's watershed councils are local, non-regulatory, collaborative forums charged with the recovery of endangered salmon and improving water quality under The Oregon Plan for Salmon and Watersheds. Private forest landowners, given their prominence is owning riparian areas, are central to success of these efforts. Using a statewide survey of watershed councils and in-depth qualitative data collection in three study areas (Central Oregon, North Coast, and South Coast), a case study of landowner involvement is developed and explored. Using a manuscript format, three manuscripts form the basis of the thesis. Manuscript 1 describes the status of Oregon's watershed councils and postulates the concept of spatial participation. This term describes a spatially-explicit aspect of social capital in people and institutions with control over resources of interest (e.g., land, authority, water rights, etc.) are able to effect change on the landscape. Manuscript 2 applies the concepts of world view and human values to woodland owners' interactions with watershed councils. Landowners apply four salient values -- stewardship ethic, perception of others, need for control, and action-orientation -- in deciding their relationship to watershed councils. Through this lens, watershed councils are seen as one of many opportunities for landowner involvement. Manuscript 3 takes the results of the first two and suggests policy and education tools to further the work of watershed councils. These tools include programs that target landowners and watershed councils, stress the role of capacity building, and realize that councils compete for scarce time. Opportunities for future research are also discussed. Title: Watershed councils and woodland owners : the Oregon experience Author: Rickenbach, Mark G., 1968- Oregon's watershed councils are local, non-regulatory, collaborative forums charged with the recovery of endangered salmon and improving water quality under The Oregon Plan for Salmon and Watersheds. Private forest landowners, given their prominence is owning riparian areas, are central to success of these efforts. Using a statewide survey of watershed councils and in-depth qualitative data collection in three study areas (Central Oregon, North Coast, and South Coast), a case study of landowner involvement is developed and explored. Using a manuscript format, three manuscripts form the basis of the thesis. Manuscript 1 describes the status of Oregon's watershed councils and postulates the concept of spatial participation. This term describes a spatially-explicit aspect of social capital in people and institutions with control over resources of interest (e.g., land, authority, water rights, etc.) are able to effect change on the landscape. Manuscript 2 applies the concepts of world view and human values to woodland owners' interactions with watershed councils. Landowners apply four salient values -- stewardship ethic, perception of others, need for control, and action-orientation -- in deciding their relationship to watershed councils. Through this lens, watershed councils are seen as one of many opportunities for landowner involvement. Manuscript 3 takes the results of the first two and suggests policy and education tools to further the work of watershed councils. These tools include programs that target landowners and watershed councils, stress the role of capacity building, and realize that councils compete for scarce time. Opportunities for future research are also discussed. Close

• 10. [Article] Modeling surface water and groundwater interactions near Milton- Freewater, Oregon

  The gravel aquifer of the Oregon side of Walla Walla River Basin has a strong hydrologic connection to surface water through a series of springs, unlined irrigation canals, the Walla Walla River, numerous ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Modeling surface water and groundwater interactions near Milton- Freewater, Oregon Author: Petrides Jimenez, Aristides Crisostomos The gravel aquifer of the Oregon side of Walla Walla River Basin has a strong hydrologic connection to surface water through a series of springs, unlined irrigation canals, the Walla Walla River, numerous wells and, since 2004, artificial recharge to the shallow aquifer using infiltration basins. The finite element Integrated Water Flow Model (IWFM) developed by California Department of Water Resources was used to quantify all of the major hydrologic features of the basin. Using the information provided by the Walla Walla Basin Watershed Council, irrigation districts, and previous studies conducted at Oregon State University and by consultants, the model was setup and calibrated, and a water budget simulation was performed for the years of 2003 to 2006. It is shown that close to 96 percent of the land use water demand goes to agriculture growing 16 major crops. 60 percent of the water comes from surface water diversions flowing through unlined irrigation canals , which themselves lose 28 percent of their inflow to the unconfined gravel aquifer. The calibrated and validated model was used to simulate the flow of the Johnson Creek Springs, which were shown to have increased flow due to the artificial recharge project. Title: Modeling surface water and groundwater interactions near Milton- Freewater, Oregon Author: Petrides Jimenez, Aristides Crisostomos The gravel aquifer of the Oregon side of Walla Walla River Basin has a strong hydrologic connection to surface water through a series of springs, unlined irrigation canals, the Walla Walla River, numerous wells and, since 2004, artificial recharge to the shallow aquifer using infiltration basins. The finite element Integrated Water Flow Model (IWFM) developed by California Department of Water Resources was used to quantify all of the major hydrologic features of the basin. Using the information provided by the Walla Walla Basin Watershed Council, irrigation districts, and previous studies conducted at Oregon State University and by consultants, the model was setup and calibrated, and a water budget simulation was performed for the years of 2003 to 2006. It is shown that close to 96 percent of the land use water demand goes to agriculture growing 16 major crops. 60 percent of the water comes from surface water diversions flowing through unlined irrigation canals , which themselves lose 28 percent of their inflow to the unconfined gravel aquifer. The calibrated and validated model was used to simulate the flow of the Johnson Creek Springs, which were shown to have increased flow due to the artificial recharge project. Close