Search

Search Results

• 1. [Article] Ice Sheet Sources of Sea Level Rise and Freshwater Discharge During the Last Deglaciation

  This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by American Geophysical Union and can be found at: http://www.agu.org/journals/rg/.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Ice Sheet Sources of Sea Level Rise and Freshwater Discharge During the Last Deglaciation Author: Carlson, Anders E., Clark, Peter U. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by American Geophysical Union and can be found at: http://www.agu.org/journals/rg/. Title: Ice Sheet Sources of Sea Level Rise and Freshwater Discharge During the Last Deglaciation Author: Carlson, Anders E., Clark, Peter U. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by American Geophysical Union and can be found at: http://www.agu.org/journals/rg/. Close

• 2. [Article] Stakeholder Perceptions of Public Participation in LNG Siting in Coos Bay, Oregon

  Selecting locations for large energy facilities represents a land use dilemma: The beneficiaries of such facilities often are not the ones to suffer from adverse local impacts. As a result, it is not uncommon ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Stakeholder Perceptions of Public Participation in LNG Siting in Coos Bay, Oregon Author: Gaustad, Brittany V. Selecting locations for large energy facilities represents a land use dilemma: The beneficiaries of such facilities often are not the ones to suffer from adverse local impacts. As a result, it is not uncommon for local opposition groups to form in response to such proposals, and although opportunities for public participation are built into the process, questions remain as to their effectiveness. I find that previous experiences regarding industrial development proposals in Coos Bay fostered mistrust of local decision makers as well as a sense of procedural injustice among opponents of such projects and established a network of existing mobilizing structures in which LNG opponents were able to mobilize. I also find that the change from import to export helped to facilitate the mobilization of opposition among landowners along the pipeline. Finally, supporters mobilized in support of the project, forming a strategic alliance with Veresen, the company that owns Jordan Cove, and as a reaction to opponents dominating public discussions about the project. The purpose of this research is to identify areas of improvement for effective public participation processes surrounding large-scale, coastal, industrial development through an in-depth case study of the Jordan Cove energy project. Title: Stakeholder Perceptions of Public Participation in LNG Siting in Coos Bay, Oregon Author: Gaustad, Brittany V. Selecting locations for large energy facilities represents a land use dilemma: The beneficiaries of such facilities often are not the ones to suffer from adverse local impacts. As a result, it is not uncommon for local opposition groups to form in response to such proposals, and although opportunities for public participation are built into the process, questions remain as to their effectiveness. I find that previous experiences regarding industrial development proposals in Coos Bay fostered mistrust of local decision makers as well as a sense of procedural injustice among opponents of such projects and established a network of existing mobilizing structures in which LNG opponents were able to mobilize. I also find that the change from import to export helped to facilitate the mobilization of opposition among landowners along the pipeline. Finally, supporters mobilized in support of the project, forming a strategic alliance with Veresen, the company that owns Jordan Cove, and as a reaction to opponents dominating public discussions about the project. The purpose of this research is to identify areas of improvement for effective public participation processes surrounding large-scale, coastal, industrial development through an in-depth case study of the Jordan Cove energy project. Close

• 3. [Article] Tracing Pacific water in the North Atlantic Ocean

  copyrighted by American Geophysical Union

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Tracing Pacific water in the North Atlantic Ocean Author: McLaughlin, F. A., Civitarese, G., Jones, E. P., Kattner, G., Lipizer, M., Anderson, L. G., Falkner, Kelly, Swift, J. H. copyrighted by American Geophysical Union Title: Tracing Pacific water in the North Atlantic Ocean Author: McLaughlin, F. A., Civitarese, G., Jones, E. P., Kattner, G., Lipizer, M., Anderson, L. G., Falkner, Kelly, Swift, J. H. copyrighted by American Geophysical Union Close

• 4. [Article] Calcium carbonate saturation states in the waters of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago and the Labrador Sea

  Ocean acidification is predicted to occur first in polar oceans. We investigated the saturation state of waters with respect to calcite (Wcal) and aragonite (Warg) in six sections along an Arctic outflow ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Calcium carbonate saturation states in the waters of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago and the Labrador Sea Author: Petrie, Biran, Azetsu-Scott, Kumiko, Starr, Michel, Hamilton, James, Falkner, Kelly, Prinsenberg, Simon, Lee, Craig, Yeats, Philip, Clarke, Allyn, Jones, E. Peter Ocean acidification is predicted to occur first in polar oceans. We investigated the saturation state of waters with respect to calcite (Wcal) and aragonite (Warg) in six sections along an Arctic outflow pathway through the Canadian Arctic Archipelago (CAA) and into the northwestern Atlantic using dissolved inorganic carbon and total alkalinity measurements from 2003 to 2005. The study area, a key region connecting the Arctic and the North Atlantic, includes Smith Sound, Barrow Strait, Baffin Bay, Davis Strait, Hudson Strait, and the Labrador Sea. The average Warg in the Arctic outflow was 1.18 ± 0.17 in Barrow Strait and 1.31 ± 0.14 in Smith Sound, with areas where Warg < 1. The Arctic outflow through the CAA has a high content of Pacific waters, which have a low saturation state. These waters can be traced along the western Baffin Bay to Davis Strait. South of Davis Strait, this outflow is modified by mixing with slope and offshore waters of Atlantic origin and with the outflow from Hudson Strait. Despite the mixing, low saturation state water can still be identified on the southern Labrador Shelf. The aragonite saturation horizon is found at ∼150 m in Barrow Strait; at 200 m in Baffin Bay, Davis Strait, and Hudson Strait; and at 2300 m in the Labrador Sea. This study provides baseline data of the saturation states for the waters of the CAA and the northwest Atlantic. It also illustrates the downstream evolution of low saturation state Arctic outflow in the northwest Atlantic. Title: Calcium carbonate saturation states in the waters of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago and the Labrador Sea Author: Petrie, Biran, Azetsu-Scott, Kumiko, Starr, Michel, Hamilton, James, Falkner, Kelly, Prinsenberg, Simon, Lee, Craig, Yeats, Philip, Clarke, Allyn, Jones, E. Peter Ocean acidification is predicted to occur first in polar oceans. We investigated the saturation state of waters with respect to calcite (Wcal) and aragonite (Warg) in six sections along an Arctic outflow pathway through the Canadian Arctic Archipelago (CAA) and into the northwestern Atlantic using dissolved inorganic carbon and total alkalinity measurements from 2003 to 2005. The study area, a key region connecting the Arctic and the North Atlantic, includes Smith Sound, Barrow Strait, Baffin Bay, Davis Strait, Hudson Strait, and the Labrador Sea. The average Warg in the Arctic outflow was 1.18 ± 0.17 in Barrow Strait and 1.31 ± 0.14 in Smith Sound, with areas where Warg < 1. The Arctic outflow through the CAA has a high content of Pacific waters, which have a low saturation state. These waters can be traced along the western Baffin Bay to Davis Strait. South of Davis Strait, this outflow is modified by mixing with slope and offshore waters of Atlantic origin and with the outflow from Hudson Strait. Despite the mixing, low saturation state water can still be identified on the southern Labrador Shelf. The aragonite saturation horizon is found at ∼150 m in Barrow Strait; at 200 m in Baffin Bay, Davis Strait, and Hudson Strait; and at 2300 m in the Labrador Sea. This study provides baseline data of the saturation states for the waters of the CAA and the northwest Atlantic. It also illustrates the downstream evolution of low saturation state Arctic outflow in the northwest Atlantic. Close

• 5. [Article] Pacific Spruce Corporation and subsidiaries : C.D. Johnson Lumber Company, Manary Logging Company, Pacific Spruce Northern Railway Co. : an illustrated story reprinted from the Lumber World Review

  Gerald W. Williams Collection

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Pacific Spruce Corporation and subsidiaries : C.D. Johnson Lumber Company, Manary Logging Company, Pacific Spruce Northern Railway Co. : an illustrated story reprinted from the Lumber World Review Author: Johnson, Bolling Arthur Gerald W. Williams Collection Title: Pacific Spruce Corporation and subsidiaries : C.D. Johnson Lumber Company, Manary Logging Company, Pacific Spruce Northern Railway Co. : an illustrated story reprinted from the Lumber World Review Author: Johnson, Bolling Arthur Gerald W. Williams Collection Close

• 6. [Article] Subtidal Salinity and Velocity in the Hudson River Estuary: Observations and Modeling

  A tidally and cross-sectionally averaged model based on the temporal evolution of the quasi-steady Hansen and Rattray equations is applied to simulate the salinity distribution and vertical exchange flow ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Subtidal Salinity and Velocity in the Hudson River Estuary: Observations and Modeling Author: Ralston, David K., Lerczak, James A., Geyer, W. Rockwell A tidally and cross-sectionally averaged model based on the temporal evolution of the quasi-steady Hansen and Rattray equations is applied to simulate the salinity distribution and vertical exchange flow along the Hudson River estuary. The model achieves high skill at hindcasting salinity and residual velocity variation during a 110-day period in 2004 covering a wide range of river discharges and tidal forcing. The approach is based on an existing model framework that has been modified to improve model skill relative to observations. The external forcing has been modified to capture meteorological time-scale variability in salinity, stratification, and residual velocity due to sea level fluctuations at the open boundary and along-estuary wind stress. To reflect changes in vertical mixing due to stratification, the vertical mixing coefficients have been modified to use the bottom boundary layer height rather than the water depth as an effective mixing length scale. The boundary layer parameterization depends on the tidal amplitude and the local baroclinic pressure gradient through the longitudinal Richardson number, and improves the model response to spring–neap variability in tidal amplitude during periods of high river discharge. Finally, steady-state model solutions are evaluated for both the Hudson River and northern San Francisco Bay over a range of forcing conditions. Agreement between the model and scaling of equilibrium salinity intrusions lends confidence that the approach is transferable to other estuaries, despite significant differences in bathymetry. Discrepancies between the model results and observations at high river discharge are indicative of limits at which the formulation begins to fail, and where an alternative approach that captures two-layer dynamics would be more appropriate. Title: Subtidal Salinity and Velocity in the Hudson River Estuary: Observations and Modeling Author: Ralston, David K., Lerczak, James A., Geyer, W. Rockwell A tidally and cross-sectionally averaged model based on the temporal evolution of the quasi-steady Hansen and Rattray equations is applied to simulate the salinity distribution and vertical exchange flow along the Hudson River estuary. The model achieves high skill at hindcasting salinity and residual velocity variation during a 110-day period in 2004 covering a wide range of river discharges and tidal forcing. The approach is based on an existing model framework that has been modified to improve model skill relative to observations. The external forcing has been modified to capture meteorological time-scale variability in salinity, stratification, and residual velocity due to sea level fluctuations at the open boundary and along-estuary wind stress. To reflect changes in vertical mixing due to stratification, the vertical mixing coefficients have been modified to use the bottom boundary layer height rather than the water depth as an effective mixing length scale. The boundary layer parameterization depends on the tidal amplitude and the local baroclinic pressure gradient through the longitudinal Richardson number, and improves the model response to spring–neap variability in tidal amplitude during periods of high river discharge. Finally, steady-state model solutions are evaluated for both the Hudson River and northern San Francisco Bay over a range of forcing conditions. Agreement between the model and scaling of equilibrium salinity intrusions lends confidence that the approach is transferable to other estuaries, despite significant differences in bathymetry. Discrepancies between the model results and observations at high river discharge are indicative of limits at which the formulation begins to fail, and where an alternative approach that captures two-layer dynamics would be more appropriate. Close

• 7. [Article] Rapid Holocene Deglaciation of the Labrador Sector of the Laurentide Ice Sheet

  Retreat of the Laurentide Ice Sheet (LIS) following the Last Glacial Maximum 21 000 yr BP affected regional to global climate and accounted for the largest proportion of sea level rise. Although the late ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Rapid Holocene Deglaciation of the Labrador Sector of the Laurentide Ice Sheet Author: Brook, Edward J., Raisbeck, Grant M., Carlson, Anders E., Clark, Peter U. Retreat of the Laurentide Ice Sheet (LIS) following the Last Glacial Maximum 21 000 yr BP affected regional to global climate and accounted for the largest proportion of sea level rise. Although the late Pleistocene LIS retreat chronology is relatively well constrained, its Holocene chronology remains poorly dated, limiting our understanding of its role in Holocene climate change and sea level rise. Here new ¹⁰Be cosmogenic exposure ages on glacially deposited boulders are used to date the final disappearance of the Labrador sector of the LIS (LS-LIS). These data suggest that following the deglaciation of the southeastern Hudson Bay coastline at 8.0 ± 0.2 cal ka BP, the southwestern margin of the LS-LIS rapidly retreated ~600 km in 140 yr and most likely in ~600 yr at a rate of ~900 m yr⁻¹, with final deglaciation by 6.8 ± 0.2 ¹⁰Be ka. The disappearance of the LS-LIS ~6.8 ¹⁰Be ka and attendant reduction in freshwater runoff may have induced the formation of Labrador Deep Seawater, while the loss of the high albedo surface may have initiated the Holocene Thermal Maximum in eastern Canada and southern Greenland. Moreover, the rapid melting just prior to ~6.8 ¹⁰Be ka indicates that the remnant LIS may be the primary source of a postulated rapid rise in global sea level of ~5 m that occurred sometime between 7.6 and 6.5 cal ka BP. Title: Rapid Holocene Deglaciation of the Labrador Sector of the Laurentide Ice Sheet Author: Brook, Edward J., Raisbeck, Grant M., Carlson, Anders E., Clark, Peter U. Retreat of the Laurentide Ice Sheet (LIS) following the Last Glacial Maximum 21 000 yr BP affected regional to global climate and accounted for the largest proportion of sea level rise. Although the late Pleistocene LIS retreat chronology is relatively well constrained, its Holocene chronology remains poorly dated, limiting our understanding of its role in Holocene climate change and sea level rise. Here new ¹⁰Be cosmogenic exposure ages on glacially deposited boulders are used to date the final disappearance of the Labrador sector of the LIS (LS-LIS). These data suggest that following the deglaciation of the southeastern Hudson Bay coastline at 8.0 ± 0.2 cal ka BP, the southwestern margin of the LS-LIS rapidly retreated ~600 km in 140 yr and most likely in ~600 yr at a rate of ~900 m yr⁻¹, with final deglaciation by 6.8 ± 0.2 ¹⁰Be ka. The disappearance of the LS-LIS ~6.8 ¹⁰Be ka and attendant reduction in freshwater runoff may have induced the formation of Labrador Deep Seawater, while the loss of the high albedo surface may have initiated the Holocene Thermal Maximum in eastern Canada and southern Greenland. Moreover, the rapid melting just prior to ~6.8 ¹⁰Be ka indicates that the remnant LIS may be the primary source of a postulated rapid rise in global sea level of ~5 m that occurred sometime between 7.6 and 6.5 cal ka BP. Close

• 8. [Article] Patterns from the past : exploring gender and ethnicity through historical archaeology among fur trade families in the Willamette Valley of Oregon

  This thesis examines archaeological material in order to explore gender and ethnicity issues concerning fur trade era families from a settlement in the Willamette Valley, Oregon. Ethnohistorical information ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Patterns from the past : exploring gender and ethnicity through historical archaeology among fur trade families in the Willamette Valley of Oregon Author: McAleer, Carolyn Patricia This thesis examines archaeological material in order to explore gender and ethnicity issues concerning fur trade era families from a settlement in the Willamette Valley, Oregon. Ethnohistorical information consisting of traders journals and travelers observations, as well as documentation from the Hudson's Bay Company, Catholic church records, and genealogical information helped support and guide this research. By using historical information as well as archaeological material, this research attempted to interpret possible ethnic markers and gender relationships between husbands and wives among five fur trade era families. Families of mixed ethnicity, including French Canadian, Native, Metis and American, settled the valley after 1828 bringing with them objects and activities characteristic of their way of life. Retired fur trade trappers, of French Canadian and American decent, married either Metis or Native women. Of 53 identified families, four French Canadian/Native families have been chosen for this project, as well as one American settler, and his Native wife. Little is known about how these women interacted within their families or whether they maintained certain characteristics of their Native culture. It was hoped that these unique cultural dynamics might become evident through an analysis of the ceramic assemblages from these sites. Due to the extensive nature of the archaeological collections, and time constraints related to this thesis, only ceramics have been examined. Information concerning the cultural characteristics of these Native cultures was included along with family biographical information and a history of the fur trade culture. This background information was then examined in reference to the ceramic analysis. All data associated with ceramic characteristics was placed into an Excel file. The information was processed using frequency charts, and examined for the presence and/or absence of certain ceramics, specifically looking at variations in color and pattern. These data were then compared to information compiled by Judith Sanders Chapman (1993) in regards to the Harriet D. Munnick Archaeological Collection, another French Prairie ceramic collection. This analysis identified few differences in pattern and color specifically among transfer-printed ceramics, however, other types of ceramics were analyzed. No ethnic markers were identifiable when the historical material was examined against the ceramic analysis, suggesting that perhaps these Native and Metis women did not make consumer choices based on ethnicity, or that their ethnicity or cultural affiliations were incorrectly established. There was also insufficient evidence supporting the hypothesis that these women actually made consumer purchases at all or even traded for ceramics. However, this study does contribute to the sparse body of knowledge that we have on French Prairie and the family and cultural dynamics that guided this group of settlers. It also suggests that any future study concerning ethnicity or tribal affiliation, may be difficult due to the multi-cultural atmosphere of the period. Title: Patterns from the past : exploring gender and ethnicity through historical archaeology among fur trade families in the Willamette Valley of Oregon Author: McAleer, Carolyn Patricia This thesis examines archaeological material in order to explore gender and ethnicity issues concerning fur trade era families from a settlement in the Willamette Valley, Oregon. Ethnohistorical information consisting of traders journals and travelers observations, as well as documentation from the Hudson's Bay Company, Catholic church records, and genealogical information helped support and guide this research. By using historical information as well as archaeological material, this research attempted to interpret possible ethnic markers and gender relationships between husbands and wives among five fur trade era families. Families of mixed ethnicity, including French Canadian, Native, Metis and American, settled the valley after 1828 bringing with them objects and activities characteristic of their way of life. Retired fur trade trappers, of French Canadian and American decent, married either Metis or Native women. Of 53 identified families, four French Canadian/Native families have been chosen for this project, as well as one American settler, and his Native wife. Little is known about how these women interacted within their families or whether they maintained certain characteristics of their Native culture. It was hoped that these unique cultural dynamics might become evident through an analysis of the ceramic assemblages from these sites. Due to the extensive nature of the archaeological collections, and time constraints related to this thesis, only ceramics have been examined. Information concerning the cultural characteristics of these Native cultures was included along with family biographical information and a history of the fur trade culture. This background information was then examined in reference to the ceramic analysis. All data associated with ceramic characteristics was placed into an Excel file. The information was processed using frequency charts, and examined for the presence and/or absence of certain ceramics, specifically looking at variations in color and pattern. These data were then compared to information compiled by Judith Sanders Chapman (1993) in regards to the Harriet D. Munnick Archaeological Collection, another French Prairie ceramic collection. This analysis identified few differences in pattern and color specifically among transfer-printed ceramics, however, other types of ceramics were analyzed. No ethnic markers were identifiable when the historical material was examined against the ceramic analysis, suggesting that perhaps these Native and Metis women did not make consumer choices based on ethnicity, or that their ethnicity or cultural affiliations were incorrectly established. There was also insufficient evidence supporting the hypothesis that these women actually made consumer purchases at all or even traded for ceramics. However, this study does contribute to the sparse body of knowledge that we have on French Prairie and the family and cultural dynamics that guided this group of settlers. It also suggests that any future study concerning ethnicity or tribal affiliation, may be difficult due to the multi-cultural atmosphere of the period. Close

• 9. [Article] Geology of the Duke Point-Kulleet Bay area, Vancouver Island, B.C.

  The Duke Point-Kulleet Bay area is located on the southeast coast of Vancouver Island, B.C., approximately 60 miles northwest of Victoria, B.C. and 25 miles west, across the Strait of Georgia, from Vancouver, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Geology of the Duke Point-Kulleet Bay area, Vancouver Island, B.C. Author: Rinne, Richard Wyman The Duke Point-Kulleet Bay area is located on the southeast coast of Vancouver Island, B.C., approximately 60 miles northwest of Victoria, B.C. and 25 miles west, across the Strait of Georgia, from Vancouver, B.C. Approximately 2500 feet of Late Cretaceous sedimentary rocks of the Nanaimo Group are exposed within the area of investigation. The rocks were deposited in the Nanaimo Basin by a series of east and northeast flowing streams and rivers carrying sediments from the pre-Pennsylvanian Sicker Group volcanics, metavolcanics, argillites and quartzites, the Late Triassic-Early Jurassic Vancouver Group volcanics, limestones, argillites and greywackes, and the Middle Jurassic granodiorite-gabbro Island Intrusions. Formations within the area are: 1) the Cedar District, mainly marine mudstones with limy concretions and sandstone dikes, and Z) the De Courcy, mainly fluvial to shallow marine arkosic wackes, exhibiting honeycomb weathering and containing concretions and minor conglomerate, During the Late Cretaceous and Tertiary the rocks were differentially uplifted and folded and faulted into a northwest-southeast trending belt. The possibility of later episodes of diastrophism, exists. Two Pleistocene glacial epochs scoured the rocks and left till deposits behind during their retreats. Coal was mined extensively in the Nanaimo Basin from the 1850's to the 1940's and 1950's, but is no longer an economic commodity. Building stone and sand and gravel have been quarried for local use. Petroleum companies have investigated the area, but the results of their exploration have not been made public. Title: Geology of the Duke Point-Kulleet Bay area, Vancouver Island, B.C. Author: Rinne, Richard Wyman The Duke Point-Kulleet Bay area is located on the southeast coast of Vancouver Island, B.C., approximately 60 miles northwest of Victoria, B.C. and 25 miles west, across the Strait of Georgia, from Vancouver, B.C. Approximately 2500 feet of Late Cretaceous sedimentary rocks of the Nanaimo Group are exposed within the area of investigation. The rocks were deposited in the Nanaimo Basin by a series of east and northeast flowing streams and rivers carrying sediments from the pre-Pennsylvanian Sicker Group volcanics, metavolcanics, argillites and quartzites, the Late Triassic-Early Jurassic Vancouver Group volcanics, limestones, argillites and greywackes, and the Middle Jurassic granodiorite-gabbro Island Intrusions. Formations within the area are: 1) the Cedar District, mainly marine mudstones with limy concretions and sandstone dikes, and Z) the De Courcy, mainly fluvial to shallow marine arkosic wackes, exhibiting honeycomb weathering and containing concretions and minor conglomerate, During the Late Cretaceous and Tertiary the rocks were differentially uplifted and folded and faulted into a northwest-southeast trending belt. The possibility of later episodes of diastrophism, exists. Two Pleistocene glacial epochs scoured the rocks and left till deposits behind during their retreats. Coal was mined extensively in the Nanaimo Basin from the 1850's to the 1940's and 1950's, but is no longer an economic commodity. Building stone and sand and gravel have been quarried for local use. Petroleum companies have investigated the area, but the results of their exploration have not been made public. Close

• 10. [Article] Failure analysis of pre-notched composite laminated plates under four-point bending conditions

  Ever since composite laminate technology was introduced into the aerospace and automotive industry, there has been a need to fully understand the damage progression experienced by composite laminated plates ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Failure analysis of pre-notched composite laminated plates under four-point bending conditions Author: Arias Gonzales, Sergio Ever since composite laminate technology was introduced into the aerospace and automotive industry, there has been a need to fully understand the damage progression experienced by composite laminated plates in the presence of a notch. While numerous research studies have been conducted on this matter when subjected to in-plane loads, not much focus has been directed to the out-of-plane loading conditions. To address this issue, a comprehensive study in partnership with the Boeing Commercial Airplane Company and the Federal Aviation Administration was carried out, using laboratory tests and computer simulations, to predict the failure mechanisms of pre-notched composite laminated plates under four-point bending. A total of 48 pre-notched laminates, varying in size, layer orientations, and thickness were tested, and the deformation data was recorded by means of strain gages. Two notch lengths of 1-in. and 4-in. with an end radius of 0.125-in. were considered in the analysis. The laminates were also modeled in the finite element software ABAQUS to determine the concentration factors and explore the damage progression based on the Hashin criterion. The results were compared to the test data for correlation and validity. From the simulation results, it was determined that the classical laminated plate models under-predicted the strain concentration factors, and that Reissner’s models should be employed in order to conduct failure analysis on composite laminates when subjected to pure bending. The shell model that takes into account transverse shear effects was then chosen to provide the progressive damage simulation. It was found that the results of these theoretical models from ABAQUS were very similar to the results of the test samples generated in our experiments. In general, very good agreement between the simulations and the test results was obtained for the thin laminates. Particularly, as the percentage of 0-degree plies increased, so did the correlation with the test samples. Our theoretical models were capable of reproducing accurately their failure points by taking into consideration the large deformation effects and damage progression. On the other hand, the thick laminate models were not as successful in predicting failure. In most cases, they computed a failure moment higher than the ones found in the experiment. Title: Failure analysis of pre-notched composite laminated plates under four-point bending conditions Author: Arias Gonzales, Sergio Ever since composite laminate technology was introduced into the aerospace and automotive industry, there has been a need to fully understand the damage progression experienced by composite laminated plates in the presence of a notch. While numerous research studies have been conducted on this matter when subjected to in-plane loads, not much focus has been directed to the out-of-plane loading conditions. To address this issue, a comprehensive study in partnership with the Boeing Commercial Airplane Company and the Federal Aviation Administration was carried out, using laboratory tests and computer simulations, to predict the failure mechanisms of pre-notched composite laminated plates under four-point bending. A total of 48 pre-notched laminates, varying in size, layer orientations, and thickness were tested, and the deformation data was recorded by means of strain gages. Two notch lengths of 1-in. and 4-in. with an end radius of 0.125-in. were considered in the analysis. The laminates were also modeled in the finite element software ABAQUS to determine the concentration factors and explore the damage progression based on the Hashin criterion. The results were compared to the test data for correlation and validity. From the simulation results, it was determined that the classical laminated plate models under-predicted the strain concentration factors, and that Reissner’s models should be employed in order to conduct failure analysis on composite laminates when subjected to pure bending. The shell model that takes into account transverse shear effects was then chosen to provide the progressive damage simulation. It was found that the results of these theoretical models from ABAQUS were very similar to the results of the test samples generated in our experiments. In general, very good agreement between the simulations and the test results was obtained for the thin laminates. Particularly, as the percentage of 0-degree plies increased, so did the correlation with the test samples. Our theoretical models were capable of reproducing accurately their failure points by taking into consideration the large deformation effects and damage progression. On the other hand, the thick laminate models were not as successful in predicting failure. In most cases, they computed a failure moment higher than the ones found in the experiment. Close