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• 1. [Article] Fisheries Profiles: The basis for multi-disciplinary fisheries management in Vietnam

  Research Paper

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Fisheries Profiles: The basis for multi-disciplinary fisheries management in Vietnam Author: Ellegaard, Kristine, Pham, Thi Hong Van Research Paper Title: Fisheries Profiles: The basis for multi-disciplinary fisheries management in Vietnam Author: Ellegaard, Kristine, Pham, Thi Hong Van Research Paper Close

• 2. [Article] Master-planned in exurbia: Examining the drivers and impacts of master-planned communities at the urban fringe

  To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Elsevier ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Master-planned in exurbia: Examining the drivers and impacts of master-planned communities at the urban fringe Author: Tilt, Jenna H., Cerveny, Lee To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Elsevier and can be found at: http://www.elsevier.com/. Title: Master-planned in exurbia: Examining the drivers and impacts of master-planned communities at the urban fringe Author: Tilt, Jenna H., Cerveny, Lee To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Elsevier and can be found at: http://www.elsevier.com/. Close

• 3. [Article] A Health Impact Assessment of Proposed Changes in Rental Housing Policy in Corvallis, Oregon

  Housing is the single most important environmental factor associated with high rates of mortality and morbidity (United Nations, 2007). Most Americans spend about 90% of their time indoors, and an estimated ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: A Health Impact Assessment of Proposed Changes in Rental Housing Policy in Corvallis, Oregon Author: Householder, Sydney Housing is the single most important environmental factor associated with high rates of mortality and morbidity (United Nations, 2007). Most Americans spend about 90% of their time indoors, and an estimated two-thirds of that is spent in the home (Klepeis et al., 2001). Studies show a link between substandard housing and poor health outcomes (Dales, Miller, and McMullen, 1997). American rental housing tends to be of lesser quality than owner-occupied housing. According to the American Housing Survey, 11% of renter-households were categorized as having moderate to severe physical and/or structural problems, compared to just 3% of owner-occupied households (National Center for Healthy Housing, 2006). Further, renters who are members of vulnerable populations, such as low-income, minority, undocumented, or student renters, generally face worse housing conditions than their more advantaged counterparts (National Center for Healthy Housing, 2012; Johnson et al, 2009). The City of Corvallis is home to Oregon State University (OSU). In recent years, the student population of OSU has grown rapidly and, as some have argued, unsustainably. One problem that has risen from the growth of the student population was a reduction in the availability of rental housing. The vacancy rate for rental housing dropped to rates as low as 0.1% in 2010, by one city planner's estimate (Day, 2012). This reduction in rental availability has had an impact of the quality of rental housing available to the students and low-income renters in Corvallis, with rental housing becoming more and more substandard. This MPP Essay examines this issue from a social equity perspective. Title: A Health Impact Assessment of Proposed Changes in Rental Housing Policy in Corvallis, Oregon Author: Householder, Sydney Housing is the single most important environmental factor associated with high rates of mortality and morbidity (United Nations, 2007). Most Americans spend about 90% of their time indoors, and an estimated two-thirds of that is spent in the home (Klepeis et al., 2001). Studies show a link between substandard housing and poor health outcomes (Dales, Miller, and McMullen, 1997). American rental housing tends to be of lesser quality than owner-occupied housing. According to the American Housing Survey, 11% of renter-households were categorized as having moderate to severe physical and/or structural problems, compared to just 3% of owner-occupied households (National Center for Healthy Housing, 2006). Further, renters who are members of vulnerable populations, such as low-income, minority, undocumented, or student renters, generally face worse housing conditions than their more advantaged counterparts (National Center for Healthy Housing, 2012; Johnson et al, 2009). The City of Corvallis is home to Oregon State University (OSU). In recent years, the student population of OSU has grown rapidly and, as some have argued, unsustainably. One problem that has risen from the growth of the student population was a reduction in the availability of rental housing. The vacancy rate for rental housing dropped to rates as low as 0.1% in 2010, by one city planner's estimate (Day, 2012). This reduction in rental availability has had an impact of the quality of rental housing available to the students and low-income renters in Corvallis, with rental housing becoming more and more substandard. This MPP Essay examines this issue from a social equity perspective. Close

• 4. [Article] Looking at the Relationship between Household Electricity Consumption and Annual Household Income Using an Agent-Based Integrated Framework

  Electricity is a vital energy source for modern life, and is used in almost every aspect of daily life. United States electricity consumption totaled nearly 3,886,403 gigawatt hours in 2011. Residential ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Looking at the Relationship between Household Electricity Consumption and Annual Household Income Using an Agent-Based Integrated Framework Author: Sorce, Evan C. Electricity is a vital energy source for modern life, and is used in almost every aspect of daily life. United States electricity consumption totaled nearly 3,886,403 gigawatt hours in 2011. Residential electricity consumption accounts for 37 percent of total electricity consumption in the United States. Between 1990 and 2007, the total volume of electricity sold in the United States grew at an average annual rate of 1.9%. The growth rate in residential energy usage was even higher, growing at an annual rate of 2.4% The oil shocks of the 1970s and major blackouts in 1965, 1977, and 2003 raised energy supply and security concerns. This paper uses the United States Energy Information Agencies Residential Energy Consumption Survey from 1997, 2001, and 2005 and an integrated framework of residential energy consumption to examine the relationship between annual household income and household electricity consumption. Even when controlling for various aspects of household electricity consumption, household annual income is found to be a significant factor in determining residential electricity consumption. Title: Looking at the Relationship between Household Electricity Consumption and Annual Household Income Using an Agent-Based Integrated Framework Author: Sorce, Evan C. Electricity is a vital energy source for modern life, and is used in almost every aspect of daily life. United States electricity consumption totaled nearly 3,886,403 gigawatt hours in 2011. Residential electricity consumption accounts for 37 percent of total electricity consumption in the United States. Between 1990 and 2007, the total volume of electricity sold in the United States grew at an average annual rate of 1.9%. The growth rate in residential energy usage was even higher, growing at an annual rate of 2.4% The oil shocks of the 1970s and major blackouts in 1965, 1977, and 2003 raised energy supply and security concerns. This paper uses the United States Energy Information Agencies Residential Energy Consumption Survey from 1997, 2001, and 2005 and an integrated framework of residential energy consumption to examine the relationship between annual household income and household electricity consumption. Even when controlling for various aspects of household electricity consumption, household annual income is found to be a significant factor in determining residential electricity consumption. Close

• 5. [Article] Getting through the Winter and Catching Up: Emergency Assistance and Rural Livelihoods in Tillamook County, Oregon

  Large-scale safety-net programs such as Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) and the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) have been shown to alleviate the negative effects of low-wage ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Getting through the Winter and Catching Up: Emergency Assistance and Rural Livelihoods in Tillamook County, Oregon Author: Hickman, Rose Large-scale safety-net programs such as Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) and the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) have been shown to alleviate the negative effects of low-wage jobs and unemployment on poor American households. However, less is known about the role of “emergency” safety net programs, such as rental assistance and energy assistance, in the lives of the poor. This study uses in-depth, semi-structured interviews with eleven rural individuals from Tillamook County, Oregon to 1) examine how people in rural locations learn about and come to access emergency assistance programs and 2) assess the role that such programs may or may not play in their ongoing livelihood strategies. Livelihood strategies are analyzed using the Sustainable Livelihoods Framework, which moves beyond the narrow framing of poverty as income deprivation by considering the diversity of means by which households achieve well-being. Participants most often learned about emergency assistance programs through a coordinated network of social service providers in Tillamook County. Emergency assistance programs were found to play an important role in the livelihood strategies of study participants, who use the program to maintain existing capital stocks and avoid homelessness. Title: Getting through the Winter and Catching Up: Emergency Assistance and Rural Livelihoods in Tillamook County, Oregon Author: Hickman, Rose Large-scale safety-net programs such as Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) and the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) have been shown to alleviate the negative effects of low-wage jobs and unemployment on poor American households. However, less is known about the role of “emergency” safety net programs, such as rental assistance and energy assistance, in the lives of the poor. This study uses in-depth, semi-structured interviews with eleven rural individuals from Tillamook County, Oregon to 1) examine how people in rural locations learn about and come to access emergency assistance programs and 2) assess the role that such programs may or may not play in their ongoing livelihood strategies. Livelihood strategies are analyzed using the Sustainable Livelihoods Framework, which moves beyond the narrow framing of poverty as income deprivation by considering the diversity of means by which households achieve well-being. Participants most often learned about emergency assistance programs through a coordinated network of social service providers in Tillamook County. Emergency assistance programs were found to play an important role in the livelihood strategies of study participants, who use the program to maintain existing capital stocks and avoid homelessness. Close

• 6. [Article] Household Determinants and the Resource Consumption: A Case Study of Baghmara Community Forestry in Nepal

  This study examines the association of household characteristics with forest product consumption and other benefits derived from community forest in Nepal. The analysis is based on random sample data of ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Household Determinants and the Resource Consumption: A Case Study of Baghmara Community Forestry in Nepal Author: Timilsina, Dinesh This study examines the association of household characteristics with forest product consumption and other benefits derived from community forest in Nepal. The analysis is based on random sample data of 80 households from a Community Forest User Groups of Baghmara Community Forestry (BCF) in Nepal. Using an OLS regression to examine the impact of household determinants over the consumption of subsistence resources like firewood, grass and timber. We find that geophysical variable distance has negatively significant association with consumption of natural resources. Likewise, socio-economic variables: household size, wealth, participation, caste and household income have also a significant correlation with consumption of at least few of natural resources. Moreover, a second OLS regression was conducted to explore the correlation between household attributes and other benefits from BCF like financial assistance for toilet construction, assistance for child education and training programs. The result showed significant correlation of distance and some socio-economic attributes with those benefits. Based on this analysis, it can be inferred that upper caste, wealthier, nearby and bigger family size households get more benefits in term of both resources and assistance in comparison to lower caste, less wealthier, distant and smaller households, in contrast with the stated resource distribution mechanism in the institutional arrangement of the community forestry program. Thus, the study emphasized on more inclusive and participatory management approach; compensatory transfer schemes; transferable property rights over forest products as the policy implications to ensure efficient and equitable distribution of resources and benefits. Title: Household Determinants and the Resource Consumption: A Case Study of Baghmara Community Forestry in Nepal Author: Timilsina, Dinesh This study examines the association of household characteristics with forest product consumption and other benefits derived from community forest in Nepal. The analysis is based on random sample data of 80 households from a Community Forest User Groups of Baghmara Community Forestry (BCF) in Nepal. Using an OLS regression to examine the impact of household determinants over the consumption of subsistence resources like firewood, grass and timber. We find that geophysical variable distance has negatively significant association with consumption of natural resources. Likewise, socio-economic variables: household size, wealth, participation, caste and household income have also a significant correlation with consumption of at least few of natural resources. Moreover, a second OLS regression was conducted to explore the correlation between household attributes and other benefits from BCF like financial assistance for toilet construction, assistance for child education and training programs. The result showed significant correlation of distance and some socio-economic attributes with those benefits. Based on this analysis, it can be inferred that upper caste, wealthier, nearby and bigger family size households get more benefits in term of both resources and assistance in comparison to lower caste, less wealthier, distant and smaller households, in contrast with the stated resource distribution mechanism in the institutional arrangement of the community forestry program. Thus, the study emphasized on more inclusive and participatory management approach; compensatory transfer schemes; transferable property rights over forest products as the policy implications to ensure efficient and equitable distribution of resources and benefits. Close

• 7. [Article] Wind Energy in Solano County

  While the U.S. energy portfolio increasingly includes renewables, social acceptance of such technologies can pose an important challenge for developers. Using survey data from a random sample of nearby ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Wind Energy in Solano County Author: Kelly, Anna C. While the U.S. energy portfolio increasingly includes renewables, social acceptance of such technologies can pose an important challenge for developers. Using survey data from a random sample of nearby households (n=524), content analysis of coverage in local newspapers, and interviews with various stakeholders (n=14), I explore local social acceptance of wind farms in two California counties that have experienced several large-scale developments in the last decade (Contra Costa and Solano). There is nation-wide controversy surrounding an extension of a Golden Eagle take-permit (kill tag) granted to Solano County wind developers. Unlike previous studies that describe tense battles between impacted communities and developers, wind farms in these two counties engendered minimal local opposition. I show a case where urban growth restrictions influenced successful large-scale wind development. These growth restrictions led to considerable geographic distance between Solano County cities and the wind development. The only local controversy I found came from the Travis Air Force base in Solano County, which imposed three separate moratoriums on wind development due to incompatibility with their operative mission. I use the concepts of distributional and procedural justice to show how the wind developers and landowners worked with the community. The interviews and surveys show evidence of local acceptance of wind development, and suggest that individuals in the county perceive wind development as a positive aspect of their community. This work provides important insights for government officials and energy developers in terms of effective strategies for renewable energy development. Title: Wind Energy in Solano County Author: Kelly, Anna C. While the U.S. energy portfolio increasingly includes renewables, social acceptance of such technologies can pose an important challenge for developers. Using survey data from a random sample of nearby households (n=524), content analysis of coverage in local newspapers, and interviews with various stakeholders (n=14), I explore local social acceptance of wind farms in two California counties that have experienced several large-scale developments in the last decade (Contra Costa and Solano). There is nation-wide controversy surrounding an extension of a Golden Eagle take-permit (kill tag) granted to Solano County wind developers. Unlike previous studies that describe tense battles between impacted communities and developers, wind farms in these two counties engendered minimal local opposition. I show a case where urban growth restrictions influenced successful large-scale wind development. These growth restrictions led to considerable geographic distance between Solano County cities and the wind development. The only local controversy I found came from the Travis Air Force base in Solano County, which imposed three separate moratoriums on wind development due to incompatibility with their operative mission. I use the concepts of distributional and procedural justice to show how the wind developers and landowners worked with the community. The interviews and surveys show evidence of local acceptance of wind development, and suggest that individuals in the county perceive wind development as a positive aspect of their community. This work provides important insights for government officials and energy developers in terms of effective strategies for renewable energy development. Close

• 8. [Article] Low-income weatherization: practical and policy limitations to increasing services in rural Oregon

  This essay examines the low-income weatherization program in rural Oregon, shedding light on difficulties in increasing weatherization services to low-income rural households. This essay also identifies ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Low-income weatherization: practical and policy limitations to increasing services in rural Oregon Author: Hammond, D'Anne This essay examines the low-income weatherization program in rural Oregon, shedding light on difficulties in increasing weatherization services to low-income rural households. This essay also identifies policy limitations. There are strict rules in place for utilizing Department of Energy weatherization funding and some of these rules are likely to make it difficult for agencies serving rural areas to accommodate a larger portion of low-income households. These rules, coupled with the spatial distribution and economic circumstances of rural populations, compound both the need for and difficulties in delivery of weatherization services for low-income households in rural areas. This essay addresses these questions: Are rural regions under-served by the program? What are the difficulties in reaching and delivering services to more rural households? Is it the case that policy mandates make it more difficult to increase service delivery in rural areas? What role does the spatial distribution of the population and rural economy play in delivering services to households in rural areas? Title: Low-income weatherization: practical and policy limitations to increasing services in rural Oregon Author: Hammond, D'Anne This essay examines the low-income weatherization program in rural Oregon, shedding light on difficulties in increasing weatherization services to low-income rural households. This essay also identifies policy limitations. There are strict rules in place for utilizing Department of Energy weatherization funding and some of these rules are likely to make it difficult for agencies serving rural areas to accommodate a larger portion of low-income households. These rules, coupled with the spatial distribution and economic circumstances of rural populations, compound both the need for and difficulties in delivery of weatherization services for low-income households in rural areas. This essay addresses these questions: Are rural regions under-served by the program? What are the difficulties in reaching and delivering services to more rural households? Is it the case that policy mandates make it more difficult to increase service delivery in rural areas? What role does the spatial distribution of the population and rural economy play in delivering services to households in rural areas? Close

• 9. [Article] Population Density and Households’ Transportation and Housing Cost Trade-Offs

  As metropolitan governments explore density-promoting “smart growth” policies, finer analysis is needed to quantify the impact of such changes on households’ transportation and housing costs. Existing ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Population Density and Households’ Transportation and Housing Cost Trade-Offs Author: Palm, Matthew As metropolitan governments explore density-promoting “smart growth” policies, finer analysis is needed to quantify the impact of such changes on households’ transportation and housing costs. Existing research suggests that households in urban areas face a trade-off between living in areas with higher housing costs and lower transportation costs or the reverse, but does not explore how density changes explicitly impact this balance. This paper uses the 2000 Census Public Use Micro Sample (PUMS) data from twenty-three of the nation’s most densely populated states to identify the impact of increased population density on household rents, housing unit values and monthly mortgage payments. The project additionally explores the possibility of a negative relationship, or trade-off, between what households spend on housing and the transportation options they face. Results suggest increased population density is a strong driver of higher housing costs even after controlling for available transportation variables. Results also confirm previous research that suggests households utilizing fixed route transit systems pay a premium for that access. Title: Population Density and Households’ Transportation and Housing Cost Trade-Offs Author: Palm, Matthew As metropolitan governments explore density-promoting “smart growth” policies, finer analysis is needed to quantify the impact of such changes on households’ transportation and housing costs. Existing research suggests that households in urban areas face a trade-off between living in areas with higher housing costs and lower transportation costs or the reverse, but does not explore how density changes explicitly impact this balance. This paper uses the 2000 Census Public Use Micro Sample (PUMS) data from twenty-three of the nation’s most densely populated states to identify the impact of increased population density on household rents, housing unit values and monthly mortgage payments. The project additionally explores the possibility of a negative relationship, or trade-off, between what households spend on housing and the transportation options they face. Results suggest increased population density is a strong driver of higher housing costs even after controlling for available transportation variables. Results also confirm previous research that suggests households utilizing fixed route transit systems pay a premium for that access. Close

• 10. [Article] Huddled Together for Warmth: Energy Efficiency and Heating Choices for Multi-Family Housing in Oregon and Washington

  Recent trends in energy have lead to an increased push for the efficient use of energy with a focus on improving the energy efficiency of household appliances. Electric resistance heating represents a ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Huddled Together for Warmth: Energy Efficiency and Heating Choices for Multi-Family Housing in Oregon and Washington Author: Hatteberg, Evan Recent trends in energy have lead to an increased push for the efficient use of energy with a focus on improving the energy efficiency of household appliances. Electric resistance heating represents a highly inefficient technology that still sees regular use. Previous literature has paid relatively little attention to the heating systems of multi- family homes. This paper uses statistical analysis to examine the relationship between multi-family homes and the likelihood of a home using electric resistance heating. By applying a heuristic decision making approach that challenges traditional rational choice theory, this paper finds evidence that split incentives between landlord and tenants has resulted in an inefficient outcome. This research will has implications for how the use of energy-efficient and resource-efficient heating systems can be encouraged with regards to multi-family homes. Title: Huddled Together for Warmth: Energy Efficiency and Heating Choices for Multi-Family Housing in Oregon and Washington Author: Hatteberg, Evan Recent trends in energy have lead to an increased push for the efficient use of energy with a focus on improving the energy efficiency of household appliances. Electric resistance heating represents a highly inefficient technology that still sees regular use. Previous literature has paid relatively little attention to the heating systems of multi- family homes. This paper uses statistical analysis to examine the relationship between multi-family homes and the likelihood of a home using electric resistance heating. By applying a heuristic decision making approach that challenges traditional rational choice theory, this paper finds evidence that split incentives between landlord and tenants has resulted in an inefficient outcome. This research will has implications for how the use of energy-efficient and resource-efficient heating systems can be encouraged with regards to multi-family homes. Close