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• 1. [Article] Does Large-Scale offshore Aquaculture Farming in Western Australia Make Economic Sense? the Case of Yellowtail Kingfish

  Abstract only.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Does Large-Scale offshore Aquaculture Farming in Western Australia Make Economic Sense? the Case of Yellowtail Kingfish Author: McLeod, Paul, McElroy, Seamus Abstract only. Title: Does Large-Scale offshore Aquaculture Farming in Western Australia Make Economic Sense? the Case of Yellowtail Kingfish Author: McLeod, Paul, McElroy, Seamus Abstract only. Close

• 2. [Article] Cultural evolution and small-scale farming

  Small-scale farmers are defined under United States Department of Agriculture guidelines as those whose gross farm sales are less than $40,000. They are typically contrasted with mid-scale farmers whose ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Cultural evolution and small-scale farming Author: Caday, Peter P. Small-scale farmers are defined under United States Department of Agriculture guidelines as those whose gross farm sales are less than $40,000. They are typically contrasted with mid-scale farmers whose gross sales are less than $100,000, and with large-scale farmers whose sales are more than $100,000. Arguments from cultural and historical sources are cited to show that in fact only two cultural traditions may be distinguished: family farmers and industrial farmers. Furthermore, these two traditions represent contemporary examples of specific and general trends in cultural evolution. The small-scale or family farm tradition is examined at length, based on results from the 1978 Small Farm Project interviews in Polk County, Oregon, and on the author's subsequent survey in 1985, as well as other published sources. The salient features of the small-scale farming lifeway, including its perceived strengths and weaknesses, is presented and recommendations are advanced for ways in which small farm communities may be helped to survive or even thrive in the presence of apparent dominance by large-scale, industrial farms. Title: Cultural evolution and small-scale farming Author: Caday, Peter P. Small-scale farmers are defined under United States Department of Agriculture guidelines as those whose gross farm sales are less than $40,000. They are typically contrasted with mid-scale farmers whose gross sales are less than $100,000, and with large-scale farmers whose sales are more than $100,000. Arguments from cultural and historical sources are cited to show that in fact only two cultural traditions may be distinguished: family farmers and industrial farmers. Furthermore, these two traditions represent contemporary examples of specific and general trends in cultural evolution. The small-scale or family farm tradition is examined at length, based on results from the 1978 Small Farm Project interviews in Polk County, Oregon, and on the author's subsequent survey in 1985, as well as other published sources. The salient features of the small-scale farming lifeway, including its perceived strengths and weaknesses, is presented and recommendations are advanced for ways in which small farm communities may be helped to survive or even thrive in the presence of apparent dominance by large-scale, industrial farms. Close

• 3. [Article] Are Middlemen Really Exploitative? Empirical Evidence from the Sun-Dried Fish Market in Southwest, Nigeria

  Research Paper

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Are Middlemen Really Exploitative? Empirical Evidence from the Sun-Dried Fish Market in Southwest, Nigeria Author: Mafimisebi, T. E., Okunmadewa, F. Y. Research Paper Title: Are Middlemen Really Exploitative? Empirical Evidence from the Sun-Dried Fish Market in Southwest, Nigeria Author: Mafimisebi, T. E., Okunmadewa, F. Y. Research Paper Close

• 4. [Article] Economic considerations in marketing Oregon grain : factors affecting Columbia Basin producers

  Wheat is the primary field crop in Oregon. Selection of time of sale is one of the most important marketing problems facing grain producers. The objectives of the study deal with economic considerations involved ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Economic considerations in marketing Oregon grain : factors affecting Columbia Basin producers Author: Wood, George E. Wheat is the primary field crop in Oregon. Selection of time of sale is one of the most important marketing problems facing grain producers. The objectives of the study deal with economic considerations involved in a wheat producer's marketing process including factors motivating the time of sale, price analysis, availability and use of market information, the role of country grain handlers, and the use of marketing alternatives to improve net income. The study area consisted of wheat-fallow farms in the Columbia Basin in north central Oregon. Included are specialized wheat units in Umatilla, Gilliam, Morrow, Sherman, and Wasco Counties. Data were obtained through a mail survey of a selected sample of farms and through personal interviews with country elevator managers. The most frequently used alternatives for marketing wheat are selling the grain all at one time (34 percent), selling at more than one time (23 percent), and placing all or part of the wheat under government loan (43 percent). The time of marketing wheat varied from year to year for 70 percent of the growers. Eighty-five percent of the growers who varied the time of sale did so to sell at a better price. Barley sales were much more concentrated in the late summer and early fall months than were wheat sales. Wheat is held longer than barley before selling because of greater fluctuations of wheat prices during the marketing year. The months were ranked from high to low according to an adjusted seasonal price index. Grower estimates of the high and low months of wheat and barley prices ranged throughout the adjusted seasonal price index. Growers have a greater awareness of the months of low prices than the months of high prices for both wheat and barley. In basing their selling decision growers place more importance on unofficial market information than on official reports. Grain handlers, newsletters, magazines, and past experience were the most important unofficial information sources. The weekly grain market report issued at Portland was the most important official source of market information. Even though farmers have ready access to general market and price information, they expressed a need for more specific information on the demand and supply outlook in foreign countries and government grain marketing operations. Country elevator managers stressed the point they do not offer advice on when to market. They only present the market information they have available, and all marketing decisions rest with the grower. The price growers receive equals coastal price minus transportation, wheat commission, and elevator charges. Characteristics of a producer's marketing environment are price uncertainty, scarcity of relevant market information, and the oligopsonistic market structure a producer faces in the sale of his grain. The following marketing plan was profitable from 1955-56 through 1964-65. If the domestic cash price minus the effective support rate for wheat is greater than or equal to $0.10 per bushel during August then August sale of the grain is recommended. If the difference is less than $0.10 per bushel, the sale is made in November or December. The net income received from using this alternative for marketing wheat is $0.035 per bushel more than a straight August sale and more than $0.015 per bushel greater than a straight November or December sale. Barley sales in October and November during the same time period returned about $1.25 per ton more than an August sale. All calculations include storage charges and the opportunity cost of not having sold the grain in August, freeing the producer's capital for other uses. Title: Economic considerations in marketing Oregon grain : factors affecting Columbia Basin producers Author: Wood, George E. Wheat is the primary field crop in Oregon. Selection of time of sale is one of the most important marketing problems facing grain producers. The objectives of the study deal with economic considerations involved in a wheat producer's marketing process including factors motivating the time of sale, price analysis, availability and use of market information, the role of country grain handlers, and the use of marketing alternatives to improve net income. The study area consisted of wheat-fallow farms in the Columbia Basin in north central Oregon. Included are specialized wheat units in Umatilla, Gilliam, Morrow, Sherman, and Wasco Counties. Data were obtained through a mail survey of a selected sample of farms and through personal interviews with country elevator managers. The most frequently used alternatives for marketing wheat are selling the grain all at one time (34 percent), selling at more than one time (23 percent), and placing all or part of the wheat under government loan (43 percent). The time of marketing wheat varied from year to year for 70 percent of the growers. Eighty-five percent of the growers who varied the time of sale did so to sell at a better price. Barley sales were much more concentrated in the late summer and early fall months than were wheat sales. Wheat is held longer than barley before selling because of greater fluctuations of wheat prices during the marketing year. The months were ranked from high to low according to an adjusted seasonal price index. Grower estimates of the high and low months of wheat and barley prices ranged throughout the adjusted seasonal price index. Growers have a greater awareness of the months of low prices than the months of high prices for both wheat and barley. In basing their selling decision growers place more importance on unofficial market information than on official reports. Grain handlers, newsletters, magazines, and past experience were the most important unofficial information sources. The weekly grain market report issued at Portland was the most important official source of market information. Even though farmers have ready access to general market and price information, they expressed a need for more specific information on the demand and supply outlook in foreign countries and government grain marketing operations. Country elevator managers stressed the point they do not offer advice on when to market. They only present the market information they have available, and all marketing decisions rest with the grower. The price growers receive equals coastal price minus transportation, wheat commission, and elevator charges. Characteristics of a producer's marketing environment are price uncertainty, scarcity of relevant market information, and the oligopsonistic market structure a producer faces in the sale of his grain. The following marketing plan was profitable from 1955-56 through 1964-65. If the domestic cash price minus the effective support rate for wheat is greater than or equal to $0.10 per bushel during August then August sale of the grain is recommended. If the difference is less than $0.10 per bushel, the sale is made in November or December. The net income received from using this alternative for marketing wheat is $0.035 per bushel more than a straight August sale and more than $0.015 per bushel greater than a straight November or December sale. Barley sales in October and November during the same time period returned about $1.25 per ton more than an August sale. All calculations include storage charges and the opportunity cost of not having sold the grain in August, freeing the producer's capital for other uses. Close

• 5. [Article] Oregon agricultural commodities : farm values and processed values

  Published July 1994. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Oregon agricultural commodities : farm values and processed values Author: Cornelius, James C. (James Conley), Miles, Stanley, Oregon State University. Extension Service Published July 1994. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog Title: Oregon agricultural commodities : farm values and processed values Author: Cornelius, James C. (James Conley), Miles, Stanley, Oregon State University. Extension Service Published July 1994. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog Close

• 6. [Article] The influence of net real estate income and other property characteristics on prices of agricultural properties within and among selected areas of Oregon, 1965-69

  Concern over the apparent disparity between the farm use value and current market value of property in agricultural areas continues to remain a source of concern in many areas. This concern has intensified ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The influence of net real estate income and other property characteristics on prices of agricultural properties within and among selected areas of Oregon, 1965-69 Author: Crowley, William D. Concern over the apparent disparity between the farm use value and current market value of property in agricultural areas continues to remain a source of concern in many areas. This concern has intensified in recent years, particularly in those agricultural areas situated near urban centers and recreational areas. The main thrust of the study was directed toward determining the relationship between net real estate income per acre and sale price pier acres of properties in selected agricultural areas of Oregon. Three areas, ostensibly called agricultural areas, were selected for analysis. The areas, as classified, included a basic agricultural production area (dry land grain area in northcentral Oregon), an urban-recreation influenced area (Douglas County in southwestern Oregon bordered by the Pacific Ocean on the west and the Umpqua National Forest on the east) and an urban influenced area (Marion County in the populous and productive Willamette Valley in northwestern Oregon). In addition to determining the influence of net real estate income on property prices, the influence of other property characteristics on property prices was analyzed in each area. The other property characteristics included: year of sale, number of acres in sale, assessed value of buildings per acre, miles to nearest paved road, and miles to nearest town of at least 1,000 population. Simple and multiple linear regression models were used to analyze the influence of particular property characteristics on sale price per acre. The same six-variable model was used in each area to test whether partial regression coefficient values on corresponding variables differed significantly among areas. Overlapping of 95 percent confidence intervals around corresponding partial regression coefficient values among areas was observed for all independent variables except net real estate income per acre. The income variable was an important determinant of sale price per acre only for grain area and Douglas County sales. However, the partial regression coefficient value of 49.71 in urban-recreation influenced Douglas County implies an approximate 2.0 percent capitalization rate compared to a coefficient value of 17.11 and a 5.8 percent implied capitalization rate in the grain area. Year of sale was an important influence on sale price per acre in areas influenced more strongly by nonagricultural influences, i.e., Douglas and Marion Counties, as evidenced both by the level of significance of the coefficient value and the value of the coefficient in each of these areas. The annual rate of property price appreciation at the mean was 14.3 percent in urban-recreation influenced Douglas County and 12.1 percent in urban influenced Marion County. While not significantly different from zero, the rate of price change was slightly negative in the grain area. Conclusions from the study were (1) that there is a significant difference in the influence of net real estate income and other property characteristics on prices of properties among selected agricultural areas of Oregon, (2) that the nature and degree of relationship between prices oi property sales analyzed and property characteristics of these sales varied considerably within each agricultural area selected for analysis, but especially in the urban-recreation and urban influenced areas, and (3) that in spite of relatively low mean rates of return in all three areas studied, a disparity between the farm use value and current market value of land was found to exist only in urban-recreation influenced Douglas County. Implication of these results are that variously influenced agricultural areas do exist, and that motives for and sources of satisfaction from ownership of property in agricultural areas vary within and among areas. Title: The influence of net real estate income and other property characteristics on prices of agricultural properties within and among selected areas of Oregon, 1965-69 Author: Crowley, William D. Concern over the apparent disparity between the farm use value and current market value of property in agricultural areas continues to remain a source of concern in many areas. This concern has intensified in recent years, particularly in those agricultural areas situated near urban centers and recreational areas. The main thrust of the study was directed toward determining the relationship between net real estate income per acre and sale price pier acres of properties in selected agricultural areas of Oregon. Three areas, ostensibly called agricultural areas, were selected for analysis. The areas, as classified, included a basic agricultural production area (dry land grain area in northcentral Oregon), an urban-recreation influenced area (Douglas County in southwestern Oregon bordered by the Pacific Ocean on the west and the Umpqua National Forest on the east) and an urban influenced area (Marion County in the populous and productive Willamette Valley in northwestern Oregon). In addition to determining the influence of net real estate income on property prices, the influence of other property characteristics on property prices was analyzed in each area. The other property characteristics included: year of sale, number of acres in sale, assessed value of buildings per acre, miles to nearest paved road, and miles to nearest town of at least 1,000 population. Simple and multiple linear regression models were used to analyze the influence of particular property characteristics on sale price per acre. The same six-variable model was used in each area to test whether partial regression coefficient values on corresponding variables differed significantly among areas. Overlapping of 95 percent confidence intervals around corresponding partial regression coefficient values among areas was observed for all independent variables except net real estate income per acre. The income variable was an important determinant of sale price per acre only for grain area and Douglas County sales. However, the partial regression coefficient value of 49.71 in urban-recreation influenced Douglas County implies an approximate 2.0 percent capitalization rate compared to a coefficient value of 17.11 and a 5.8 percent implied capitalization rate in the grain area. Year of sale was an important influence on sale price per acre in areas influenced more strongly by nonagricultural influences, i.e., Douglas and Marion Counties, as evidenced both by the level of significance of the coefficient value and the value of the coefficient in each of these areas. The annual rate of property price appreciation at the mean was 14.3 percent in urban-recreation influenced Douglas County and 12.1 percent in urban influenced Marion County. While not significantly different from zero, the rate of price change was slightly negative in the grain area. Conclusions from the study were (1) that there is a significant difference in the influence of net real estate income and other property characteristics on prices of properties among selected agricultural areas of Oregon, (2) that the nature and degree of relationship between prices oi property sales analyzed and property characteristics of these sales varied considerably within each agricultural area selected for analysis, but especially in the urban-recreation and urban influenced areas, and (3) that in spite of relatively low mean rates of return in all three areas studied, a disparity between the farm use value and current market value of land was found to exist only in urban-recreation influenced Douglas County. Implication of these results are that variously influenced agricultural areas do exist, and that motives for and sources of satisfaction from ownership of property in agricultural areas vary within and among areas. Close

• 7. [Article] Cost and Returns of Extensive Shrimp (Penaeus Monodon) in Disease-Affected Area: A Farm Ownerships Comparison

  Abstract only.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Cost and Returns of Extensive Shrimp (Penaeus Monodon) in Disease-Affected Area: A Farm Ownerships Comparison Author: Nazmul Alam, S. M. Abstract only. Title: Cost and Returns of Extensive Shrimp (Penaeus Monodon) in Disease-Affected Area: A Farm Ownerships Comparison Author: Nazmul Alam, S. M. Abstract only. Close

• 8. [Article] Internationalization Processes in the Salmon Farming Industry

  Research Paper

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Internationalization Processes in the Salmon Farming Industry Author: Iversen, Audun Research Paper Title: Internationalization Processes in the Salmon Farming Industry Author: Iversen, Audun Research Paper Close

• 9. [Article] Economics of sewerage feed multivarietal fish farming in West Bengal

  Research Paper

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Economics of sewerage feed multivarietal fish farming in West Bengal Author: Lahiri, Debabrata Research Paper Title: Economics of sewerage feed multivarietal fish farming in West Bengal Author: Lahiri, Debabrata Research Paper Close

• 10. [Article] Descriptive epidemiology of consumption of unpasteurized dairy products, Oregon, 2011-2016

  Consumption of raw dairy products has been linked to diseases such as Salmonella, Campylobacter, E. coli and Listeria. Current retail sale of raw milk in Oregon is limited to disease-free goat or sheep ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Descriptive epidemiology of consumption of unpasteurized dairy products, Oregon, 2011-2016 Author: Pearson, Kaitlyn Consumption of raw dairy products has been linked to diseases such as Salmonella, Campylobacter, E. coli and Listeria. Current retail sale of raw milk in Oregon is limited to disease-free goat or sheep milk. Raw cow milk is legally for sale on farms with less than three cows. Consumers have various perceived benefits of raw milk consumption including but not limited to: Better taste, increased nutritional value and the presence of beneficial bacteria. Title: Descriptive epidemiology of consumption of unpasteurized dairy products, Oregon, 2011-2016 Author: Pearson, Kaitlyn Consumption of raw dairy products has been linked to diseases such as Salmonella, Campylobacter, E. coli and Listeria. Current retail sale of raw milk in Oregon is limited to disease-free goat or sheep milk. Raw cow milk is legally for sale on farms with less than three cows. Consumers have various perceived benefits of raw milk consumption including but not limited to: Better taste, increased nutritional value and the presence of beneficial bacteria. Close