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• 1. [Article] Explorations Northwestward & Hudson's Bay Company regime

  Gerald W. Williams Collection

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Explorations Northwestward & Hudson's Bay Company regime Author: Young, Frederick George, 1858-1929, Dye, Eva Emery, 1855-1947 Gerald W. Williams Collection Title: Explorations Northwestward & Hudson's Bay Company regime Author: Young, Frederick George, 1858-1929, Dye, Eva Emery, 1855-1947 Gerald W. Williams Collection Close

• 2. [Article] The conquest of the great Northwest; being the story of the adventurers of England known as the Hudson's Bay Company. New pages in the history of the Canadian northwest and western states

  Gerald W. Williams Collection

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The conquest of the great Northwest; being the story of the adventurers of England known as the Hudson's Bay Company. New pages in the history of the Canadian northwest and western states Author: Laut, Agnes C. (Agnes Christina), 1871-1936 Gerald W. Williams Collection Title: The conquest of the great Northwest; being the story of the adventurers of England known as the Hudson's Bay Company. New pages in the history of the Canadian northwest and western states Author: Laut, Agnes C. (Agnes Christina), 1871-1936 Gerald W. Williams Collection Close

• 3. [Article] The Old Oregon-California pack trail

  Gerald W. Williams Collection

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Old Oregon-California pack trail Author: Munford, James Kenneth Gerald W. Williams Collection Title: The Old Oregon-California pack trail Author: Munford, James Kenneth Gerald W. Williams Collection Close

• 4. [Article] Ku on the Columbia : Hawaiian laborers in the Pacific Northwest fur industry

  Archaeological investigations can reveal persistent traditions of ethnic groups. Hawaiians were employed in the fur trade of the Columbia River from 1810 through 1850. The Hudson's Bay Company employed ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Ku on the Columbia : Hawaiian laborers in the Pacific Northwest fur industry Author: Rogers, Donnell J. Archaeological investigations can reveal persistent traditions of ethnic groups. Hawaiians were employed in the fur trade of the Columbia River from 1810 through 1850. The Hudson's Bay Company employed them at Ft. Vancouver, Washington from 1825 through the end of this period. Data from the excavations of the servant's village at Ft. Vancouver are compared with the built environment of contact period Hawaii. Similarity of structural remains suggests a persistence of tradition among the Hawaiian employees of the Hudson's Bay Company. Title: Ku on the Columbia : Hawaiian laborers in the Pacific Northwest fur industry Author: Rogers, Donnell J. Archaeological investigations can reveal persistent traditions of ethnic groups. Hawaiians were employed in the fur trade of the Columbia River from 1810 through 1850. The Hudson's Bay Company employed them at Ft. Vancouver, Washington from 1825 through the end of this period. Data from the excavations of the servant's village at Ft. Vancouver are compared with the built environment of contact period Hawaii. Similarity of structural remains suggests a persistence of tradition among the Hawaiian employees of the Hudson's Bay Company. Close

• 5. [Article] Chiefs & Change in the Oregon Country: Indian Relations at Fort Nez Perces, 1818-1855

  Vol.2. Companion volume to Chiefs & Chief Traders. c 1993

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Chiefs & Change in the Oregon Country: Indian Relations at Fort Nez Perces, 1818-1855 Author: Stern, Theodore Vol.2. Companion volume to Chiefs & Chief Traders. c 1993 Title: Chiefs & Change in the Oregon Country: Indian Relations at Fort Nez Perces, 1818-1855 Author: Stern, Theodore Vol.2. Companion volume to Chiefs & Chief Traders. c 1993 Close

• 6. [Article] Champoeg, a perspective of a frontier community in Oregon, 1830-1861

  Champoeg, located along the Willamette River, developed as a transportation center for both river and overland travel and as a shipping point for agricultural products. Retired employees of the Hudson's ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Champoeg, a perspective of a frontier community in Oregon, 1830-1861 Author: Speulda-Drews, Lou Ann Champoeg, located along the Willamette River, developed as a transportation center for both river and overland travel and as a shipping point for agricultural products. Retired employees of the Hudson's Bay Company were the first to settle in the area, in the 1830s. American settlers began arriving in large numbers in the mid-1840s. A flood in 1861 destroyed the town and efforts to rebuild were minimally successful. The research problem concerns adapting a frontier model developed for East Coast sites and applying it to a West Coast site. The data base used was the archaeological collection recovered from the townsite of Champoeg as well as land records and historical documentation. Adaptation of the frontier model included reorganizing the artifact classification system and retabulation of the model parameters. Champoeg reflects the adjusted frontier pattern suggesting that the model is a useful indicator of a frontier material culture. Title: Champoeg, a perspective of a frontier community in Oregon, 1830-1861 Author: Speulda-Drews, Lou Ann Champoeg, located along the Willamette River, developed as a transportation center for both river and overland travel and as a shipping point for agricultural products. Retired employees of the Hudson's Bay Company were the first to settle in the area, in the 1830s. American settlers began arriving in large numbers in the mid-1840s. A flood in 1861 destroyed the town and efforts to rebuild were minimally successful. The research problem concerns adapting a frontier model developed for East Coast sites and applying it to a West Coast site. The data base used was the archaeological collection recovered from the townsite of Champoeg as well as land records and historical documentation. Adaptation of the frontier model included reorganizing the artifact classification system and retabulation of the model parameters. Champoeg reflects the adjusted frontier pattern suggesting that the model is a useful indicator of a frontier material culture. Close

• 7. [Article] Peavy Arboretum : an archaeological and historical investigation of a Willamette Valley landscape

  This thesis documents a period of ecological and cultural change on a Willamette Valley, Oregon landscape. In particular, this study examines the Peavy Arboretum area and the cultural changes that accompanied ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Peavy Arboretum : an archaeological and historical investigation of a Willamette Valley landscape Author: Hylton, Lindon B. This thesis documents a period of ecological and cultural change on a Willamette Valley, Oregon landscape. In particular, this study examines the Peavy Arboretum area and the cultural changes that accompanied the transformation of the landscape from an oak savannah in the mid-nineteenth century to a dense Douglas-fir forest in the early twentieth century. Culturally, the inhabitants of this period included late-prehistoric native people, Euro-American based fur industry personnel, and Euro-American settlers. As a student of history and archaeology, I have used a combination of methods and sources for this study including surface surveys for cultural materials and features, archaeological excavations and analysis, and documented materials. Knowledge gained as a result of surveys and excavations are studied within the context of other Willamette Valley archaeology, and likewise, documented materials concerning this landscape and its historic features and people are compared against larger patterns in the history of the American West. Geographically, the study area was in a fortunate position to witness cultural events. Located along the edge of the foothills of the Willamette Valley, its many desirable features attracted both native people and the first white settlers. The study area was also located along a main route of travel that was used by natives, fur company personnel, travelers, and Euro-American settlers. The section of trail has been a part of regional travel routes known at different times as the Hudson's Bay Company Trail, the California Trail, the Southern Route (Scott-Applegate Trail), and the Territorial Road. The objective of this thesis was to see what kind of information could be retrieved for a given landscape using a variety of methods practiced in history and archaeology. I believe such a multi-disciplinary approach allowed me to be more flexible and open to all pertinent sources of information. This type of investigation also provided an example of the type of work that could be done professionally when determining the cultural significance of a property. My fascination with the study of landscapes and their cultural features was also influential in my selection of a thesis topic. Title: Peavy Arboretum : an archaeological and historical investigation of a Willamette Valley landscape Author: Hylton, Lindon B. This thesis documents a period of ecological and cultural change on a Willamette Valley, Oregon landscape. In particular, this study examines the Peavy Arboretum area and the cultural changes that accompanied the transformation of the landscape from an oak savannah in the mid-nineteenth century to a dense Douglas-fir forest in the early twentieth century. Culturally, the inhabitants of this period included late-prehistoric native people, Euro-American based fur industry personnel, and Euro-American settlers. As a student of history and archaeology, I have used a combination of methods and sources for this study including surface surveys for cultural materials and features, archaeological excavations and analysis, and documented materials. Knowledge gained as a result of surveys and excavations are studied within the context of other Willamette Valley archaeology, and likewise, documented materials concerning this landscape and its historic features and people are compared against larger patterns in the history of the American West. Geographically, the study area was in a fortunate position to witness cultural events. Located along the edge of the foothills of the Willamette Valley, its many desirable features attracted both native people and the first white settlers. The study area was also located along a main route of travel that was used by natives, fur company personnel, travelers, and Euro-American settlers. The section of trail has been a part of regional travel routes known at different times as the Hudson's Bay Company Trail, the California Trail, the Southern Route (Scott-Applegate Trail), and the Territorial Road. The objective of this thesis was to see what kind of information could be retrieved for a given landscape using a variety of methods practiced in history and archaeology. I believe such a multi-disciplinary approach allowed me to be more flexible and open to all pertinent sources of information. This type of investigation also provided an example of the type of work that could be done professionally when determining the cultural significance of a property. My fascination with the study of landscapes and their cultural features was also influential in my selection of a thesis topic. Close

• 8. [Article] Patterns from the past : exploring gender and ethnicity through historical archaeology among fur trade families in the Willamette Valley of Oregon

  This thesis examines archaeological material in order to explore gender and ethnicity issues concerning fur trade era families from a settlement in the Willamette Valley, Oregon. Ethnohistorical information ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Patterns from the past : exploring gender and ethnicity through historical archaeology among fur trade families in the Willamette Valley of Oregon Author: McAleer, Carolyn Patricia This thesis examines archaeological material in order to explore gender and ethnicity issues concerning fur trade era families from a settlement in the Willamette Valley, Oregon. Ethnohistorical information consisting of traders journals and travelers observations, as well as documentation from the Hudson's Bay Company, Catholic church records, and genealogical information helped support and guide this research. By using historical information as well as archaeological material, this research attempted to interpret possible ethnic markers and gender relationships between husbands and wives among five fur trade era families. Families of mixed ethnicity, including French Canadian, Native, Metis and American, settled the valley after 1828 bringing with them objects and activities characteristic of their way of life. Retired fur trade trappers, of French Canadian and American decent, married either Metis or Native women. Of 53 identified families, four French Canadian/Native families have been chosen for this project, as well as one American settler, and his Native wife. Little is known about how these women interacted within their families or whether they maintained certain characteristics of their Native culture. It was hoped that these unique cultural dynamics might become evident through an analysis of the ceramic assemblages from these sites. Due to the extensive nature of the archaeological collections, and time constraints related to this thesis, only ceramics have been examined. Information concerning the cultural characteristics of these Native cultures was included along with family biographical information and a history of the fur trade culture. This background information was then examined in reference to the ceramic analysis. All data associated with ceramic characteristics was placed into an Excel file. The information was processed using frequency charts, and examined for the presence and/or absence of certain ceramics, specifically looking at variations in color and pattern. These data were then compared to information compiled by Judith Sanders Chapman (1993) in regards to the Harriet D. Munnick Archaeological Collection, another French Prairie ceramic collection. This analysis identified few differences in pattern and color specifically among transfer-printed ceramics, however, other types of ceramics were analyzed. No ethnic markers were identifiable when the historical material was examined against the ceramic analysis, suggesting that perhaps these Native and Metis women did not make consumer choices based on ethnicity, or that their ethnicity or cultural affiliations were incorrectly established. There was also insufficient evidence supporting the hypothesis that these women actually made consumer purchases at all or even traded for ceramics. However, this study does contribute to the sparse body of knowledge that we have on French Prairie and the family and cultural dynamics that guided this group of settlers. It also suggests that any future study concerning ethnicity or tribal affiliation, may be difficult due to the multi-cultural atmosphere of the period. Title: Patterns from the past : exploring gender and ethnicity through historical archaeology among fur trade families in the Willamette Valley of Oregon Author: McAleer, Carolyn Patricia This thesis examines archaeological material in order to explore gender and ethnicity issues concerning fur trade era families from a settlement in the Willamette Valley, Oregon. Ethnohistorical information consisting of traders journals and travelers observations, as well as documentation from the Hudson's Bay Company, Catholic church records, and genealogical information helped support and guide this research. By using historical information as well as archaeological material, this research attempted to interpret possible ethnic markers and gender relationships between husbands and wives among five fur trade era families. Families of mixed ethnicity, including French Canadian, Native, Metis and American, settled the valley after 1828 bringing with them objects and activities characteristic of their way of life. Retired fur trade trappers, of French Canadian and American decent, married either Metis or Native women. Of 53 identified families, four French Canadian/Native families have been chosen for this project, as well as one American settler, and his Native wife. Little is known about how these women interacted within their families or whether they maintained certain characteristics of their Native culture. It was hoped that these unique cultural dynamics might become evident through an analysis of the ceramic assemblages from these sites. Due to the extensive nature of the archaeological collections, and time constraints related to this thesis, only ceramics have been examined. Information concerning the cultural characteristics of these Native cultures was included along with family biographical information and a history of the fur trade culture. This background information was then examined in reference to the ceramic analysis. All data associated with ceramic characteristics was placed into an Excel file. The information was processed using frequency charts, and examined for the presence and/or absence of certain ceramics, specifically looking at variations in color and pattern. These data were then compared to information compiled by Judith Sanders Chapman (1993) in regards to the Harriet D. Munnick Archaeological Collection, another French Prairie ceramic collection. This analysis identified few differences in pattern and color specifically among transfer-printed ceramics, however, other types of ceramics were analyzed. No ethnic markers were identifiable when the historical material was examined against the ceramic analysis, suggesting that perhaps these Native and Metis women did not make consumer choices based on ethnicity, or that their ethnicity or cultural affiliations were incorrectly established. There was also insufficient evidence supporting the hypothesis that these women actually made consumer purchases at all or even traded for ceramics. However, this study does contribute to the sparse body of knowledge that we have on French Prairie and the family and cultural dynamics that guided this group of settlers. It also suggests that any future study concerning ethnicity or tribal affiliation, may be difficult due to the multi-cultural atmosphere of the period. Close

• 9. [Article] Willamette Mission archeological project : phase III assessment

  The Willamette Mission archeological project consists of a broad program of cultural research in the fields of archeology, history, and architecture. The study focuses on the first Methodist mission in ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Willamette Mission archeological project : phase III assessment Author: Chapman, Judith Sanders The Willamette Mission archeological project consists of a broad program of cultural research in the fields of archeology, history, and architecture. The study focuses on the first Methodist mission in the Pacific Northwest. Archeological excavations were conducted in 1980 to locate the site of the mission, to assess the site's internal integrity, and to analyze the material content remaining from the 1830s occupation. Historical documentation provided the archeologists with necessary information on the general location, spatial living pattern, time frame and material culture of the mission occupants. Archeological data provided additional information on the location and spatial arrangement of the mission complex; the date range and the form and function of recovered artifacts; a behavioral concept of mission lifestyle; and the processes of abandonment of the mission complex in the historic period. The role of the mission enterprise within the general context of Oregon development is explored. The founders of the mission colony were not intent on accomplishing their task of "civilizing" the local Native American population in a brief visit. The missionaries brought to the Oregon country their families, personal possessions, furnishings, goods, equipment, and construction materials. They built shelters, farmed, operated a mercantile business, taught school, held services, and performed essential mechanical duties. The geographic isolation of the mission, and the missionaries response to the new environment, are reflected in the archeological record. The architectural plan and featuring of the mission house points to a use of traditional log shelter construction techniques. These techniques involved the incorporation of native construction fabric with cottage made or imported joining materials. An inadequate response to the environment is evidenced by the erection of the mission house on a Willamette River floodplain. This error in reasoning as well as visions of expansion triggered a move from the complex to present Salem after a seven-year occupation. The materials items recovered from the site reflect a material culture brought to the new country from the United States. An independency from the British Hudson Bay Company is inferred. A contradiction between the hardships of remote log cabin living and stringent missionary duties, and the retainment of New England social attitudes and customs is evident. Important to areal archeological research and settlement studies are the implications behind the presence of the American missionaries and their goods in the Willamette Valley. Enlightened information on goods available during the Northwest frontier period can be useful in deciphering early trade networks, and avenues of cultural exchange and influence. The missionaries' inducement toward the promotion of American jurisdiction and settlement in the Oregon country was significant. The success of the missionaries as colonizers cannot be overstated considering the impact of the colony on the course of political, spiritual, social and economic development of the region. Title: Willamette Mission archeological project : phase III assessment Author: Chapman, Judith Sanders The Willamette Mission archeological project consists of a broad program of cultural research in the fields of archeology, history, and architecture. The study focuses on the first Methodist mission in the Pacific Northwest. Archeological excavations were conducted in 1980 to locate the site of the mission, to assess the site's internal integrity, and to analyze the material content remaining from the 1830s occupation. Historical documentation provided the archeologists with necessary information on the general location, spatial living pattern, time frame and material culture of the mission occupants. Archeological data provided additional information on the location and spatial arrangement of the mission complex; the date range and the form and function of recovered artifacts; a behavioral concept of mission lifestyle; and the processes of abandonment of the mission complex in the historic period. The role of the mission enterprise within the general context of Oregon development is explored. The founders of the mission colony were not intent on accomplishing their task of "civilizing" the local Native American population in a brief visit. The missionaries brought to the Oregon country their families, personal possessions, furnishings, goods, equipment, and construction materials. They built shelters, farmed, operated a mercantile business, taught school, held services, and performed essential mechanical duties. The geographic isolation of the mission, and the missionaries response to the new environment, are reflected in the archeological record. The architectural plan and featuring of the mission house points to a use of traditional log shelter construction techniques. These techniques involved the incorporation of native construction fabric with cottage made or imported joining materials. An inadequate response to the environment is evidenced by the erection of the mission house on a Willamette River floodplain. This error in reasoning as well as visions of expansion triggered a move from the complex to present Salem after a seven-year occupation. The materials items recovered from the site reflect a material culture brought to the new country from the United States. An independency from the British Hudson Bay Company is inferred. A contradiction between the hardships of remote log cabin living and stringent missionary duties, and the retainment of New England social attitudes and customs is evident. Important to areal archeological research and settlement studies are the implications behind the presence of the American missionaries and their goods in the Willamette Valley. Enlightened information on goods available during the Northwest frontier period can be useful in deciphering early trade networks, and avenues of cultural exchange and influence. The missionaries' inducement toward the promotion of American jurisdiction and settlement in the Oregon country was significant. The success of the missionaries as colonizers cannot be overstated considering the impact of the colony on the course of political, spiritual, social and economic development of the region. Close

• 10. [Article] Willamette Mission archeological project : phase III assessment

  The Willamette Mission archeological project consists of a broad program of cultural research in the fields of archeology, history, and architecture. The study focuses on the first Methodist mission in ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Willamette Mission archeological project : phase III assessment Author: Weber, Mary K. (Mary Kathryn) The Willamette Mission archeological project consists of a broad program of cultural research in the fields of archeology, history, and architecture. The study focuses on the first Methodist mission in the Pacific Northwest. Archeological excavations were conducted in 1980 to locate the site of the mission, to assess the site's internal integrity, and to analyze the material content remaining from the 1830s occupation. Historical documentation provided the archeologists with necessary information on the general location, spatial living pattern, time frame and material culture of the mission occupants. Archeological data provided additional information on the location and spatial arrangement of the mission complex; the date range and the form and function of recovered artifacts; a behavioral concept of mission lifestyle; and the processes of abandonment of the mission complex in the historic period. The role of the mission enterprise within the general context of Oregon development is explored. The founders of the mission colony were not intent on accomplishing their task of "civilizing" the local Native American population in a brief visit. The missionaries brought to the Oregon country their families, personal possessions, furnishings, goods, equipment, and construction materials. They built shelters, farmed, operated a mercantile business, taught school, held services, and performed essential mechanical duties. The geographic isolation of the mission, and the missionaries response to the new environment, are reflected in the archeological record. The architectural plan and featuring of the mission house points to a use of traditional log shelter construction techniques. These techniques involved the incorporation of native construction fabric with cottage made or imported joining materials. An inadequate response to the environment is evidenced by the erection of the mission house on a Willamette River floodplain. This error in reasoning as well as visions of expansion triggered a move from the complex to present Salem after a seven-year occupation. The materials items recovered from the site reflect a material culture brought to the new country from the United States. An independency from the British Hudson Bay Company is inferred. A contradiction between the hardships of remote log cabin living and stringent missionary duties, and the retainment of New England social attitudes and customs is evident. Important to areal archeological research and settlement studies are the implications behind the presence of the American missionaries and their goods in the Willamette Valley. Enlightened information on goods available during the Northwest frontier period can be useful in deciphering early trade networks, and avenues of cultural exchange and influence. The missionaries' inducement toward the promotion of American jurisdiction and settlement in the Oregon country was significant. The success of the missionaries as colonizers cannot be overstated considering the impact of the colony on the course of political, spiritual, social and economic development of the region. Title: Willamette Mission archeological project : phase III assessment Author: Weber, Mary K. (Mary Kathryn) The Willamette Mission archeological project consists of a broad program of cultural research in the fields of archeology, history, and architecture. The study focuses on the first Methodist mission in the Pacific Northwest. Archeological excavations were conducted in 1980 to locate the site of the mission, to assess the site's internal integrity, and to analyze the material content remaining from the 1830s occupation. Historical documentation provided the archeologists with necessary information on the general location, spatial living pattern, time frame and material culture of the mission occupants. Archeological data provided additional information on the location and spatial arrangement of the mission complex; the date range and the form and function of recovered artifacts; a behavioral concept of mission lifestyle; and the processes of abandonment of the mission complex in the historic period. The role of the mission enterprise within the general context of Oregon development is explored. The founders of the mission colony were not intent on accomplishing their task of "civilizing" the local Native American population in a brief visit. The missionaries brought to the Oregon country their families, personal possessions, furnishings, goods, equipment, and construction materials. They built shelters, farmed, operated a mercantile business, taught school, held services, and performed essential mechanical duties. The geographic isolation of the mission, and the missionaries response to the new environment, are reflected in the archeological record. The architectural plan and featuring of the mission house points to a use of traditional log shelter construction techniques. These techniques involved the incorporation of native construction fabric with cottage made or imported joining materials. An inadequate response to the environment is evidenced by the erection of the mission house on a Willamette River floodplain. This error in reasoning as well as visions of expansion triggered a move from the complex to present Salem after a seven-year occupation. The materials items recovered from the site reflect a material culture brought to the new country from the United States. An independency from the British Hudson Bay Company is inferred. A contradiction between the hardships of remote log cabin living and stringent missionary duties, and the retainment of New England social attitudes and customs is evident. Important to areal archeological research and settlement studies are the implications behind the presence of the American missionaries and their goods in the Willamette Valley. Enlightened information on goods available during the Northwest frontier period can be useful in deciphering early trade networks, and avenues of cultural exchange and influence. The missionaries' inducement toward the promotion of American jurisdiction and settlement in the Oregon country was significant. The success of the missionaries as colonizers cannot be overstated considering the impact of the colony on the course of political, spiritual, social and economic development of the region. Close

• 11. [Article] Calcium carbonate saturation states in the waters of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago and the Labrador Sea

  Ocean acidification is predicted to occur first in polar oceans. We investigated the saturation state of waters with respect to calcite (Wcal) and aragonite (Warg) in six sections along an Arctic outflow ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Calcium carbonate saturation states in the waters of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago and the Labrador Sea Author: Petrie, Biran, Azetsu-Scott, Kumiko, Starr, Michel, Hamilton, James, Falkner, Kelly, Prinsenberg, Simon, Lee, Craig, Yeats, Philip, Clarke, Allyn, Jones, E. Peter Ocean acidification is predicted to occur first in polar oceans. We investigated the saturation state of waters with respect to calcite (Wcal) and aragonite (Warg) in six sections along an Arctic outflow pathway through the Canadian Arctic Archipelago (CAA) and into the northwestern Atlantic using dissolved inorganic carbon and total alkalinity measurements from 2003 to 2005. The study area, a key region connecting the Arctic and the North Atlantic, includes Smith Sound, Barrow Strait, Baffin Bay, Davis Strait, Hudson Strait, and the Labrador Sea. The average Warg in the Arctic outflow was 1.18 ± 0.17 in Barrow Strait and 1.31 ± 0.14 in Smith Sound, with areas where Warg < 1. The Arctic outflow through the CAA has a high content of Pacific waters, which have a low saturation state. These waters can be traced along the western Baffin Bay to Davis Strait. South of Davis Strait, this outflow is modified by mixing with slope and offshore waters of Atlantic origin and with the outflow from Hudson Strait. Despite the mixing, low saturation state water can still be identified on the southern Labrador Shelf. The aragonite saturation horizon is found at ∼150 m in Barrow Strait; at 200 m in Baffin Bay, Davis Strait, and Hudson Strait; and at 2300 m in the Labrador Sea. This study provides baseline data of the saturation states for the waters of the CAA and the northwest Atlantic. It also illustrates the downstream evolution of low saturation state Arctic outflow in the northwest Atlantic. Title: Calcium carbonate saturation states in the waters of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago and the Labrador Sea Author: Petrie, Biran, Azetsu-Scott, Kumiko, Starr, Michel, Hamilton, James, Falkner, Kelly, Prinsenberg, Simon, Lee, Craig, Yeats, Philip, Clarke, Allyn, Jones, E. Peter Ocean acidification is predicted to occur first in polar oceans. We investigated the saturation state of waters with respect to calcite (Wcal) and aragonite (Warg) in six sections along an Arctic outflow pathway through the Canadian Arctic Archipelago (CAA) and into the northwestern Atlantic using dissolved inorganic carbon and total alkalinity measurements from 2003 to 2005. The study area, a key region connecting the Arctic and the North Atlantic, includes Smith Sound, Barrow Strait, Baffin Bay, Davis Strait, Hudson Strait, and the Labrador Sea. The average Warg in the Arctic outflow was 1.18 ± 0.17 in Barrow Strait and 1.31 ± 0.14 in Smith Sound, with areas where Warg < 1. The Arctic outflow through the CAA has a high content of Pacific waters, which have a low saturation state. These waters can be traced along the western Baffin Bay to Davis Strait. South of Davis Strait, this outflow is modified by mixing with slope and offshore waters of Atlantic origin and with the outflow from Hudson Strait. Despite the mixing, low saturation state water can still be identified on the southern Labrador Shelf. The aragonite saturation horizon is found at ∼150 m in Barrow Strait; at 200 m in Baffin Bay, Davis Strait, and Hudson Strait; and at 2300 m in the Labrador Sea. This study provides baseline data of the saturation states for the waters of the CAA and the northwest Atlantic. It also illustrates the downstream evolution of low saturation state Arctic outflow in the northwest Atlantic. Close

• 12. [Article] Routing of western Canadian Plains runoff during the 8.2 ka cold event

  Copyrighted by American Geophysical Union.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Routing of western Canadian Plains runoff during the 8.2 ka cold event Author: Carlson, Anders E., Klinkhammer, Gary P., Clark, Peter U., 1956-, Haley, Brian A. Copyrighted by American Geophysical Union. Title: Routing of western Canadian Plains runoff during the 8.2 ka cold event Author: Carlson, Anders E., Klinkhammer, Gary P., Clark, Peter U., 1956-, Haley, Brian A. Copyrighted by American Geophysical Union. Close

• 13. [Article] Pacific Spruce Corporation and subsidiaries : C.D. Johnson Lumber Company, Manary Logging Company, Pacific Spruce Northern Railway Co. : an illustrated story reprinted from the Lumber World Review

  Gerald W. Williams Collection

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Pacific Spruce Corporation and subsidiaries : C.D. Johnson Lumber Company, Manary Logging Company, Pacific Spruce Northern Railway Co. : an illustrated story reprinted from the Lumber World Review Author: Johnson, Bolling Arthur Gerald W. Williams Collection Title: Pacific Spruce Corporation and subsidiaries : C.D. Johnson Lumber Company, Manary Logging Company, Pacific Spruce Northern Railway Co. : an illustrated story reprinted from the Lumber World Review Author: Johnson, Bolling Arthur Gerald W. Williams Collection Close

• 14. [Article] Estuary development with implications for management : a case study of Northwest Natural Gas Company's liquified natural gas (LNG) project at Yaquina Bay, Oregon

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Estuary development with implications for management : a case study of Northwest Natural Gas Company's liquified natural gas (LNG) project at Yaquina Bay, Oregon Author: Good, James W. Title: Estuary development with implications for management : a case study of Northwest Natural Gas Company's liquified natural gas (LNG) project at Yaquina Bay, Oregon Author: Good, James W. Close

• 15. [Article] Subtidal Salinity and Velocity in the Hudson River Estuary: Observations and Modeling

  A tidally and cross-sectionally averaged model based on the temporal evolution of the quasi-steady Hansen and Rattray equations is applied to simulate the salinity distribution and vertical exchange flow ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Subtidal Salinity and Velocity in the Hudson River Estuary: Observations and Modeling Author: Ralston, David K., Lerczak, James A., Geyer, W. Rockwell A tidally and cross-sectionally averaged model based on the temporal evolution of the quasi-steady Hansen and Rattray equations is applied to simulate the salinity distribution and vertical exchange flow along the Hudson River estuary. The model achieves high skill at hindcasting salinity and residual velocity variation during a 110-day period in 2004 covering a wide range of river discharges and tidal forcing. The approach is based on an existing model framework that has been modified to improve model skill relative to observations. The external forcing has been modified to capture meteorological time-scale variability in salinity, stratification, and residual velocity due to sea level fluctuations at the open boundary and along-estuary wind stress. To reflect changes in vertical mixing due to stratification, the vertical mixing coefficients have been modified to use the bottom boundary layer height rather than the water depth as an effective mixing length scale. The boundary layer parameterization depends on the tidal amplitude and the local baroclinic pressure gradient through the longitudinal Richardson number, and improves the model response to spring–neap variability in tidal amplitude during periods of high river discharge. Finally, steady-state model solutions are evaluated for both the Hudson River and northern San Francisco Bay over a range of forcing conditions. Agreement between the model and scaling of equilibrium salinity intrusions lends confidence that the approach is transferable to other estuaries, despite significant differences in bathymetry. Discrepancies between the model results and observations at high river discharge are indicative of limits at which the formulation begins to fail, and where an alternative approach that captures two-layer dynamics would be more appropriate. Title: Subtidal Salinity and Velocity in the Hudson River Estuary: Observations and Modeling Author: Ralston, David K., Lerczak, James A., Geyer, W. Rockwell A tidally and cross-sectionally averaged model based on the temporal evolution of the quasi-steady Hansen and Rattray equations is applied to simulate the salinity distribution and vertical exchange flow along the Hudson River estuary. The model achieves high skill at hindcasting salinity and residual velocity variation during a 110-day period in 2004 covering a wide range of river discharges and tidal forcing. The approach is based on an existing model framework that has been modified to improve model skill relative to observations. The external forcing has been modified to capture meteorological time-scale variability in salinity, stratification, and residual velocity due to sea level fluctuations at the open boundary and along-estuary wind stress. To reflect changes in vertical mixing due to stratification, the vertical mixing coefficients have been modified to use the bottom boundary layer height rather than the water depth as an effective mixing length scale. The boundary layer parameterization depends on the tidal amplitude and the local baroclinic pressure gradient through the longitudinal Richardson number, and improves the model response to spring–neap variability in tidal amplitude during periods of high river discharge. Finally, steady-state model solutions are evaluated for both the Hudson River and northern San Francisco Bay over a range of forcing conditions. Agreement between the model and scaling of equilibrium salinity intrusions lends confidence that the approach is transferable to other estuaries, despite significant differences in bathymetry. Discrepancies between the model results and observations at high river discharge are indicative of limits at which the formulation begins to fail, and where an alternative approach that captures two-layer dynamics would be more appropriate. Close

• 16. [Article] Investigation of proposed dredging operations in Yaquina Bay near the ship turning basin

  Gives an Oregon Fish Commission shellfish biologist's response to a request by the C.D. Johnson Lumber Company to dredge in Yaquina Bay. Hand-drawn map shows the proposed location for disposal of dredging ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Investigation of proposed dredging operations in Yaquina Bay near the ship turning basin Author: Marriage, Lowell D., Oregon Fish Commission. Shellfish Program Gives an Oregon Fish Commission shellfish biologist's response to a request by the C.D. Johnson Lumber Company to dredge in Yaquina Bay. Hand-drawn map shows the proposed location for disposal of dredging spoils. Includes the public notice issued by the Army Corps of Engineers. Title: Investigation of proposed dredging operations in Yaquina Bay near the ship turning basin Author: Marriage, Lowell D., Oregon Fish Commission. Shellfish Program Gives an Oregon Fish Commission shellfish biologist's response to a request by the C.D. Johnson Lumber Company to dredge in Yaquina Bay. Hand-drawn map shows the proposed location for disposal of dredging spoils. Includes the public notice issued by the Army Corps of Engineers. Close

• 17. [Article] Investigation of proposed work project by the Yaquina Dock and Dredge Co. in Yaquina Bay near Newport, Oregon

  Yaquina Dock and Dredge Company had applied for a permit to construct a dike, bulkheads, a groin and to dredge at Sally's Bend in Yaquina Bay. The Fish Commission investigated to ascertain the effects ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Investigation of proposed work project by the Yaquina Dock and Dredge Co. in Yaquina Bay near Newport, Oregon Author: Marriage, Lowell D., Oregon Fish Commission. Shellfish Program Yaquina Dock and Dredge Company had applied for a permit to construct a dike, bulkheads, a groin and to dredge at Sally's Bend in Yaquina Bay. The Fish Commission investigated to ascertain the effects of the work on natural resources. Includes a public notice from the Army Corps of Engineers. Title: Investigation of proposed work project by the Yaquina Dock and Dredge Co. in Yaquina Bay near Newport, Oregon Author: Marriage, Lowell D., Oregon Fish Commission. Shellfish Program Yaquina Dock and Dredge Company had applied for a permit to construct a dike, bulkheads, a groin and to dredge at Sally's Bend in Yaquina Bay. The Fish Commission investigated to ascertain the effects of the work on natural resources. Includes a public notice from the Army Corps of Engineers. Close

• 18. [Article] Investigation of proposed dike construction in Coos Bay at Eastside, Coos County, Oregon

  Reports on an investigation of a proposal by the Evans Products Company of Coos Bay to construct a dike in the bay. Investigators found negligible quantities of the Eastern soft-shell clam, and therefore ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Investigation of proposed dike construction in Coos Bay at Eastside, Coos County, Oregon Author: Marriage, Lowell D., Oregon. Fish Commission. Shellfish Program Reports on an investigation of a proposal by the Evans Products Company of Coos Bay to construct a dike in the bay. Investigators found negligible quantities of the Eastern soft-shell clam, and therefore did not oppose the proposed dredging and construction. Includes a hand-drawn map and a survey report. Title: Investigation of proposed dike construction in Coos Bay at Eastside, Coos County, Oregon Author: Marriage, Lowell D., Oregon. Fish Commission. Shellfish Program Reports on an investigation of a proposal by the Evans Products Company of Coos Bay to construct a dike in the bay. Investigators found negligible quantities of the Eastern soft-shell clam, and therefore did not oppose the proposed dredging and construction. Includes a hand-drawn map and a survey report. Close

• 19. [Article] Brachiopod paleoecology, paleobiogeography, and biostratigraphy in the upper Middle Devonian of Eastern North America : an ecofacies model for the Appalachian, Michigan, and Illinois Basins

  Articulate brachiopod communities sensitive to environmental factors, especially depth and distance from shore, are described from the upper Middle Devonian (upper Eifelian and Givetian; Cazenovia, Tioughnioga, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Brachiopod paleoecology, paleobiogeography, and biostratigraphy in the upper Middle Devonian of Eastern North America : an ecofacies model for the Appalachian, Michigan, and Illinois Basins Author: Koch, William Frederick Articulate brachiopod communities sensitive to environmental factors, especially depth and distance from shore, are described from the upper Middle Devonian (upper Eifelian and Givetian; Cazenovia, Tioughnioga, and Taghanic stages of eastern North America) of eastern North America. The Subrensselandia, Cupularostrum, Mediospirifer, Tropidoleptus, Devonochonetes, Mucrospirifer, Atrypid-Strophodontid, Ambocoeliid, Pacificocoelia, Truncalosia, and Camarotoechia Communities are described from the Hamilton Group of the Appalachian and Illinois Basins. The Cupularostrum, Rhipido thyris, Orthospirifer, Tropidoleptus, Mucrospirifer, Elytha, Spinatrypa, Hypothyridina-Ambocoeliid, Rhyssochonetes, and Leiorhynchus Communities are described from the Tully Formation of the Appalachian Basin. The Subrensselaxdia, Stringocephalus, Rhipidothyris, Cupularostrum, Atrypid- Gypidulinid, Devonochonetes, Cyrtina-Athyris, Camarotoechia, and Longispina Communities are described from the sub-Taghanic Traverse Group of the Michigan Basin. The Rensselandia, Chonetid, Pentamerella-Orthospirifer-Cranaena, Spiriferid-Atrypid, Mucrospirifer, Emanuella, and Leiorhynchus Communities are described from the Cedar Valley Formation and correlative strata exclusive of the Appalachian Basin. The Subrensselandia, Tropidoleptus, Mucrospirifer-Pholidostrophia, Atrypid-Gypidulinid, Chonetid-Leptaena, Brevispirifer, Emanuella, and Warrenella Communities are described from the Dundee and Rogers City Formations and correlative strata exclusive of the Appalachian Basin. The evolution of these brachiopod communities is traced from the Emsian through the early Famennian by assigning related communities to Community Groups. The temporal changes in the Community Groups are discussed in terms of the constituent genera and communities, Communities not assigned to Community Groups are also considered. The Leptaena-Schizophoria. Assemblage Zone is defined to include strata correlative with the Union Springs and Cherry Valley Formations of New York. The Fimbrispirifer-Pentagonia Assemblage Zone is defined to include strata correlative with the Centerfield Member of New York. The Rhyssochonetes-Hypothyridina Assemblage Zone is defined to include strata which correlate with the Tully Formation of New York. These assemblage zones are the basis for detailed correlation of the upper Middle Devonian strata of eastern North America. The late Middle Devonian fauna of eastern North America represents a mixture of older Eastern Americas Realm and Old World Realm faunas; many older Eastern Americas Realm stocks died out during the earlier Eifelian. Other Old World Realm genera migrated into the Eastern Americas Realm during transgressions associated with the Leptaena-Schizophoria and Rhyssochonetes-Hypothyridina Assemblage Zones; these genera distinguish these zones from older and younger rocks. The Eastern Americas Realm of the late Middle Devonian is divisible into two subprovinces. The Appohimchi Subprovince occupies the Appalachian and Illinois Basins and the clastic shelf to the east of the Appalachian Basin. The Michigan Basin-Hudson Bay Lowland Subprovince occupies a broad carbonate platform extending from Michigan west to Iowa and north to Hudson Bay. Provinciality between these subprovinces rose from the base of the Cazenovia to a peak at the time of the deposition of the Skaneateles Formation, fell during the Fimbrispirifer-Pentagonia Assemblage Zone, rose during the upper Tioughnioga, and declined sharply during the Taghanic. The Fimbrispirifer-Pentagonia Assemblage Zone is associated with a transgression and change in current patterns which allowed Appohimchi genera to migrate onto the Michigan carbonate platform. Profiles of depositional topography are constructed for several intervals of late Middle Devonian time. Shelf (undathem), slope (clinothem), and basinal (fondathem) deposits are distinguished on these profiles. Chains of communities occur along these profiles. Benthic Assemblages 1 and 2 are on the shelf, Benthic Assemblage 3 ranges from shelf through slope, Benthic Assemblage 4 from slope to basin, and Benthic Assemblage 5 is basinal. Migrations of community chains and shelf margins correspond to transgressions and regressions. Biostratigraphic and lithostratigraphic data allow tracing of seven transgressive-regressive events over much of eastern North America; these cycles can be used to refine correlations based on other stratigraphic techniques. Title: Brachiopod paleoecology, paleobiogeography, and biostratigraphy in the upper Middle Devonian of Eastern North America : an ecofacies model for the Appalachian, Michigan, and Illinois Basins Author: Koch, William Frederick Articulate brachiopod communities sensitive to environmental factors, especially depth and distance from shore, are described from the upper Middle Devonian (upper Eifelian and Givetian; Cazenovia, Tioughnioga, and Taghanic stages of eastern North America) of eastern North America. The Subrensselandia, Cupularostrum, Mediospirifer, Tropidoleptus, Devonochonetes, Mucrospirifer, Atrypid-Strophodontid, Ambocoeliid, Pacificocoelia, Truncalosia, and Camarotoechia Communities are described from the Hamilton Group of the Appalachian and Illinois Basins. The Cupularostrum, Rhipido thyris, Orthospirifer, Tropidoleptus, Mucrospirifer, Elytha, Spinatrypa, Hypothyridina-Ambocoeliid, Rhyssochonetes, and Leiorhynchus Communities are described from the Tully Formation of the Appalachian Basin. The Subrensselaxdia, Stringocephalus, Rhipidothyris, Cupularostrum, Atrypid- Gypidulinid, Devonochonetes, Cyrtina-Athyris, Camarotoechia, and Longispina Communities are described from the sub-Taghanic Traverse Group of the Michigan Basin. The Rensselandia, Chonetid, Pentamerella-Orthospirifer-Cranaena, Spiriferid-Atrypid, Mucrospirifer, Emanuella, and Leiorhynchus Communities are described from the Cedar Valley Formation and correlative strata exclusive of the Appalachian Basin. The Subrensselandia, Tropidoleptus, Mucrospirifer-Pholidostrophia, Atrypid-Gypidulinid, Chonetid-Leptaena, Brevispirifer, Emanuella, and Warrenella Communities are described from the Dundee and Rogers City Formations and correlative strata exclusive of the Appalachian Basin. The evolution of these brachiopod communities is traced from the Emsian through the early Famennian by assigning related communities to Community Groups. The temporal changes in the Community Groups are discussed in terms of the constituent genera and communities, Communities not assigned to Community Groups are also considered. The Leptaena-Schizophoria. Assemblage Zone is defined to include strata correlative with the Union Springs and Cherry Valley Formations of New York. The Fimbrispirifer-Pentagonia Assemblage Zone is defined to include strata correlative with the Centerfield Member of New York. The Rhyssochonetes-Hypothyridina Assemblage Zone is defined to include strata which correlate with the Tully Formation of New York. These assemblage zones are the basis for detailed correlation of the upper Middle Devonian strata of eastern North America. The late Middle Devonian fauna of eastern North America represents a mixture of older Eastern Americas Realm and Old World Realm faunas; many older Eastern Americas Realm stocks died out during the earlier Eifelian. Other Old World Realm genera migrated into the Eastern Americas Realm during transgressions associated with the Leptaena-Schizophoria and Rhyssochonetes-Hypothyridina Assemblage Zones; these genera distinguish these zones from older and younger rocks. The Eastern Americas Realm of the late Middle Devonian is divisible into two subprovinces. The Appohimchi Subprovince occupies the Appalachian and Illinois Basins and the clastic shelf to the east of the Appalachian Basin. The Michigan Basin-Hudson Bay Lowland Subprovince occupies a broad carbonate platform extending from Michigan west to Iowa and north to Hudson Bay. Provinciality between these subprovinces rose from the base of the Cazenovia to a peak at the time of the deposition of the Skaneateles Formation, fell during the Fimbrispirifer-Pentagonia Assemblage Zone, rose during the upper Tioughnioga, and declined sharply during the Taghanic. The Fimbrispirifer-Pentagonia Assemblage Zone is associated with a transgression and change in current patterns which allowed Appohimchi genera to migrate onto the Michigan carbonate platform. Profiles of depositional topography are constructed for several intervals of late Middle Devonian time. Shelf (undathem), slope (clinothem), and basinal (fondathem) deposits are distinguished on these profiles. Chains of communities occur along these profiles. Benthic Assemblages 1 and 2 are on the shelf, Benthic Assemblage 3 ranges from shelf through slope, Benthic Assemblage 4 from slope to basin, and Benthic Assemblage 5 is basinal. Migrations of community chains and shelf margins correspond to transgressions and regressions. Biostratigraphic and lithostratigraphic data allow tracing of seven transgressive-regressive events over much of eastern North America; these cycles can be used to refine correlations based on other stratigraphic techniques. Close

• 20. [Article] Tracing Pacific water in the North Atlantic Ocean

  copyrighted by American Geophysical Union

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Tracing Pacific water in the North Atlantic Ocean Author: McLaughlin, F. A., Civitarese, G., Jones, E. P., Kattner, G., Lipizer, M., Anderson, L. G., Falkner, Kelly, Swift, J. H. copyrighted by American Geophysical Union Title: Tracing Pacific water in the North Atlantic Ocean Author: McLaughlin, F. A., Civitarese, G., Jones, E. P., Kattner, G., Lipizer, M., Anderson, L. G., Falkner, Kelly, Swift, J. H. copyrighted by American Geophysical Union Close

• 21. [Article] Ice Sheet Sources of Sea Level Rise and Freshwater Discharge During the Last Deglaciation

  This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by American Geophysical Union and can be found at: http://www.agu.org/journals/rg/.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Ice Sheet Sources of Sea Level Rise and Freshwater Discharge During the Last Deglaciation Author: Carlson, Anders E., Clark, Peter U. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by American Geophysical Union and can be found at: http://www.agu.org/journals/rg/. Title: Ice Sheet Sources of Sea Level Rise and Freshwater Discharge During the Last Deglaciation Author: Carlson, Anders E., Clark, Peter U. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by American Geophysical Union and can be found at: http://www.agu.org/journals/rg/. Close

• 22. [Article] Rapid Holocene Deglaciation of the Labrador Sector of the Laurentide Ice Sheet

  Retreat of the Laurentide Ice Sheet (LIS) following the Last Glacial Maximum 21 000 yr BP affected regional to global climate and accounted for the largest proportion of sea level rise. Although the late ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Rapid Holocene Deglaciation of the Labrador Sector of the Laurentide Ice Sheet Author: Brook, Edward J., Raisbeck, Grant M., Carlson, Anders E., Clark, Peter U. Retreat of the Laurentide Ice Sheet (LIS) following the Last Glacial Maximum 21 000 yr BP affected regional to global climate and accounted for the largest proportion of sea level rise. Although the late Pleistocene LIS retreat chronology is relatively well constrained, its Holocene chronology remains poorly dated, limiting our understanding of its role in Holocene climate change and sea level rise. Here new ¹⁰Be cosmogenic exposure ages on glacially deposited boulders are used to date the final disappearance of the Labrador sector of the LIS (LS-LIS). These data suggest that following the deglaciation of the southeastern Hudson Bay coastline at 8.0 ± 0.2 cal ka BP, the southwestern margin of the LS-LIS rapidly retreated ~600 km in 140 yr and most likely in ~600 yr at a rate of ~900 m yr⁻¹, with final deglaciation by 6.8 ± 0.2 ¹⁰Be ka. The disappearance of the LS-LIS ~6.8 ¹⁰Be ka and attendant reduction in freshwater runoff may have induced the formation of Labrador Deep Seawater, while the loss of the high albedo surface may have initiated the Holocene Thermal Maximum in eastern Canada and southern Greenland. Moreover, the rapid melting just prior to ~6.8 ¹⁰Be ka indicates that the remnant LIS may be the primary source of a postulated rapid rise in global sea level of ~5 m that occurred sometime between 7.6 and 6.5 cal ka BP. Title: Rapid Holocene Deglaciation of the Labrador Sector of the Laurentide Ice Sheet Author: Brook, Edward J., Raisbeck, Grant M., Carlson, Anders E., Clark, Peter U. Retreat of the Laurentide Ice Sheet (LIS) following the Last Glacial Maximum 21 000 yr BP affected regional to global climate and accounted for the largest proportion of sea level rise. Although the late Pleistocene LIS retreat chronology is relatively well constrained, its Holocene chronology remains poorly dated, limiting our understanding of its role in Holocene climate change and sea level rise. Here new ¹⁰Be cosmogenic exposure ages on glacially deposited boulders are used to date the final disappearance of the Labrador sector of the LIS (LS-LIS). These data suggest that following the deglaciation of the southeastern Hudson Bay coastline at 8.0 ± 0.2 cal ka BP, the southwestern margin of the LS-LIS rapidly retreated ~600 km in 140 yr and most likely in ~600 yr at a rate of ~900 m yr⁻¹, with final deglaciation by 6.8 ± 0.2 ¹⁰Be ka. The disappearance of the LS-LIS ~6.8 ¹⁰Be ka and attendant reduction in freshwater runoff may have induced the formation of Labrador Deep Seawater, while the loss of the high albedo surface may have initiated the Holocene Thermal Maximum in eastern Canada and southern Greenland. Moreover, the rapid melting just prior to ~6.8 ¹⁰Be ka indicates that the remnant LIS may be the primary source of a postulated rapid rise in global sea level of ~5 m that occurred sometime between 7.6 and 6.5 cal ka BP. Close

• 23. [Article] Staff report on the use of helicopters in the Dungeness crab fishery in Oregon

  In 1976, a Coos Bay company began using helicopters instead of boats to pull and replace crab pots. This report, an exhibit by ODFW to the Oregon Fish and Game Commission, explores the legal and regulatory ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Staff report on the use of helicopters in the Dungeness crab fishery in Oregon Author: Oregon. Dept. of Fish and Wildlife In 1976, a Coos Bay company began using helicopters instead of boats to pull and replace crab pots. This report, an exhibit by ODFW to the Oregon Fish and Game Commission, explores the legal and regulatory implications of helicopter crabbing in Oregon. Title: Staff report on the use of helicopters in the Dungeness crab fishery in Oregon Author: Oregon. Dept. of Fish and Wildlife In 1976, a Coos Bay company began using helicopters instead of boats to pull and replace crab pots. This report, an exhibit by ODFW to the Oregon Fish and Game Commission, explores the legal and regulatory implications of helicopter crabbing in Oregon. Close

• 24. [Article] Stakeholder Perceptions of Public Participation in LNG Siting in Coos Bay, Oregon

  Selecting locations for large energy facilities represents a land use dilemma: The beneficiaries of such facilities often are not the ones to suffer from adverse local impacts. As a result, it is not uncommon ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Stakeholder Perceptions of Public Participation in LNG Siting in Coos Bay, Oregon Author: Gaustad, Brittany V. Selecting locations for large energy facilities represents a land use dilemma: The beneficiaries of such facilities often are not the ones to suffer from adverse local impacts. As a result, it is not uncommon for local opposition groups to form in response to such proposals, and although opportunities for public participation are built into the process, questions remain as to their effectiveness. I find that previous experiences regarding industrial development proposals in Coos Bay fostered mistrust of local decision makers as well as a sense of procedural injustice among opponents of such projects and established a network of existing mobilizing structures in which LNG opponents were able to mobilize. I also find that the change from import to export helped to facilitate the mobilization of opposition among landowners along the pipeline. Finally, supporters mobilized in support of the project, forming a strategic alliance with Veresen, the company that owns Jordan Cove, and as a reaction to opponents dominating public discussions about the project. The purpose of this research is to identify areas of improvement for effective public participation processes surrounding large-scale, coastal, industrial development through an in-depth case study of the Jordan Cove energy project. Title: Stakeholder Perceptions of Public Participation in LNG Siting in Coos Bay, Oregon Author: Gaustad, Brittany V. Selecting locations for large energy facilities represents a land use dilemma: The beneficiaries of such facilities often are not the ones to suffer from adverse local impacts. As a result, it is not uncommon for local opposition groups to form in response to such proposals, and although opportunities for public participation are built into the process, questions remain as to their effectiveness. I find that previous experiences regarding industrial development proposals in Coos Bay fostered mistrust of local decision makers as well as a sense of procedural injustice among opponents of such projects and established a network of existing mobilizing structures in which LNG opponents were able to mobilize. I also find that the change from import to export helped to facilitate the mobilization of opposition among landowners along the pipeline. Finally, supporters mobilized in support of the project, forming a strategic alliance with Veresen, the company that owns Jordan Cove, and as a reaction to opponents dominating public discussions about the project. The purpose of this research is to identify areas of improvement for effective public participation processes surrounding large-scale, coastal, industrial development through an in-depth case study of the Jordan Cove energy project. Close

• 25. [Article] Geology of the Duke Point-Kulleet Bay area, Vancouver Island, B.C.

  The Duke Point-Kulleet Bay area is located on the southeast coast of Vancouver Island, B.C., approximately 60 miles northwest of Victoria, B.C. and 25 miles west, across the Strait of Georgia, from Vancouver, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Geology of the Duke Point-Kulleet Bay area, Vancouver Island, B.C. Author: Rinne, Richard Wyman The Duke Point-Kulleet Bay area is located on the southeast coast of Vancouver Island, B.C., approximately 60 miles northwest of Victoria, B.C. and 25 miles west, across the Strait of Georgia, from Vancouver, B.C. Approximately 2500 feet of Late Cretaceous sedimentary rocks of the Nanaimo Group are exposed within the area of investigation. The rocks were deposited in the Nanaimo Basin by a series of east and northeast flowing streams and rivers carrying sediments from the pre-Pennsylvanian Sicker Group volcanics, metavolcanics, argillites and quartzites, the Late Triassic-Early Jurassic Vancouver Group volcanics, limestones, argillites and greywackes, and the Middle Jurassic granodiorite-gabbro Island Intrusions. Formations within the area are: 1) the Cedar District, mainly marine mudstones with limy concretions and sandstone dikes, and Z) the De Courcy, mainly fluvial to shallow marine arkosic wackes, exhibiting honeycomb weathering and containing concretions and minor conglomerate, During the Late Cretaceous and Tertiary the rocks were differentially uplifted and folded and faulted into a northwest-southeast trending belt. The possibility of later episodes of diastrophism, exists. Two Pleistocene glacial epochs scoured the rocks and left till deposits behind during their retreats. Coal was mined extensively in the Nanaimo Basin from the 1850's to the 1940's and 1950's, but is no longer an economic commodity. Building stone and sand and gravel have been quarried for local use. Petroleum companies have investigated the area, but the results of their exploration have not been made public. Title: Geology of the Duke Point-Kulleet Bay area, Vancouver Island, B.C. Author: Rinne, Richard Wyman The Duke Point-Kulleet Bay area is located on the southeast coast of Vancouver Island, B.C., approximately 60 miles northwest of Victoria, B.C. and 25 miles west, across the Strait of Georgia, from Vancouver, B.C. Approximately 2500 feet of Late Cretaceous sedimentary rocks of the Nanaimo Group are exposed within the area of investigation. The rocks were deposited in the Nanaimo Basin by a series of east and northeast flowing streams and rivers carrying sediments from the pre-Pennsylvanian Sicker Group volcanics, metavolcanics, argillites and quartzites, the Late Triassic-Early Jurassic Vancouver Group volcanics, limestones, argillites and greywackes, and the Middle Jurassic granodiorite-gabbro Island Intrusions. Formations within the area are: 1) the Cedar District, mainly marine mudstones with limy concretions and sandstone dikes, and Z) the De Courcy, mainly fluvial to shallow marine arkosic wackes, exhibiting honeycomb weathering and containing concretions and minor conglomerate, During the Late Cretaceous and Tertiary the rocks were differentially uplifted and folded and faulted into a northwest-southeast trending belt. The possibility of later episodes of diastrophism, exists. Two Pleistocene glacial epochs scoured the rocks and left till deposits behind during their retreats. Coal was mined extensively in the Nanaimo Basin from the 1850's to the 1940's and 1950's, but is no longer an economic commodity. Building stone and sand and gravel have been quarried for local use. Petroleum companies have investigated the area, but the results of their exploration have not been made public. Close

• 26. [Article] Impact of Cultural Practices on the individual and Collective Economic Performances in Shellfish Farming: the Case of Oyster Farming in Baie Des Veys

  The access regulation within the shellfish farming sector in France is based on a co-management system relying on both a national legislation, defining the general access conditions to maritime public ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Impact of Cultural Practices on the individual and Collective Economic Performances in Shellfish Farming: the Case of Oyster Farming in Baie Des Veys Author: Agundez, José Perez, Vornière, Jean-Philippe, Girard, Sophie, Gangnery, Aline The access regulation within the shellfish farming sector in France is based on a co-management system relying on both a national legislation, defining the general access conditions to maritime public grounds, and regional regulation systems, called “Regional Structural Schemes”. The latter specify the farming rules in cooperation with the administration, scientific and professional representatives. This regulation system, which aims at managing the common primary resources at the scale of a shellfish farming basin, is under review in the baie des Veys, on the Normandy coastline. In this context, biological modelling is used to assess the carrying capacity of the bay and to provide tools for modifying the RSS in a more sustainable way. Another objective of the study is to shift to bio-economic modelling, implying for the model to take into account extra technical and economical parameters. A specific survey has therefore been carried out for collecting detailed information on the cultural practices of the oyster farming companies, and for analysing the links with their structural characteristics and performance indicators, in terms of productivity and output. This article reviews the context of oyster farming in the baie des Veys from the environmental, socio-economic and institutional point of view. After the presentation of the methodology used for the survey, its results are analysed and a synthesis is made, leading to the identification of the main farming technical profiles. At this stage of the study, only theoretical developments on modelling are considered and outlooks in terms of collective management measures are discussed. Title: Impact of Cultural Practices on the individual and Collective Economic Performances in Shellfish Farming: the Case of Oyster Farming in Baie Des Veys Author: Agundez, José Perez, Vornière, Jean-Philippe, Girard, Sophie, Gangnery, Aline The access regulation within the shellfish farming sector in France is based on a co-management system relying on both a national legislation, defining the general access conditions to maritime public grounds, and regional regulation systems, called “Regional Structural Schemes”. The latter specify the farming rules in cooperation with the administration, scientific and professional representatives. This regulation system, which aims at managing the common primary resources at the scale of a shellfish farming basin, is under review in the baie des Veys, on the Normandy coastline. In this context, biological modelling is used to assess the carrying capacity of the bay and to provide tools for modifying the RSS in a more sustainable way. Another objective of the study is to shift to bio-economic modelling, implying for the model to take into account extra technical and economical parameters. A specific survey has therefore been carried out for collecting detailed information on the cultural practices of the oyster farming companies, and for analysing the links with their structural characteristics and performance indicators, in terms of productivity and output. This article reviews the context of oyster farming in the baie des Veys from the environmental, socio-economic and institutional point of view. After the presentation of the methodology used for the survey, its results are analysed and a synthesis is made, leading to the identification of the main farming technical profiles. At this stage of the study, only theoretical developments on modelling are considered and outlooks in terms of collective management measures are discussed. Close

• 27. [Article] Homeowner Association Resident’s Perceptions on Stormwater Retention Ponds and Clean Drinking Water: (Montgomery West Homeowners Association (MWHOA) Gaithersburg, Maryland).

  Graduation date: 2015

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Homeowner Association Resident’s Perceptions on Stormwater Retention Ponds and Clean Drinking Water: (Montgomery West Homeowners Association (MWHOA) Gaithersburg, Maryland). Author: Roberts, William Hadyn Jr Graduation date: 2015 Title: Homeowner Association Resident’s Perceptions on Stormwater Retention Ponds and Clean Drinking Water: (Montgomery West Homeowners Association (MWHOA) Gaithersburg, Maryland). Author: Roberts, William Hadyn Jr Graduation date: 2015 Close

• 28. [Article] Geology of the Buster Creek-Nehalem Valley area, Clatsop County, northwest Oregon

  Six Tertiary rock units are exposed in the Buster Creek-Nehalem Valley area. They are, from oldest to youngest: upper Eocene Tillamook Volcanics; upper Eocene Cowlitz Formation; upper Eocene Keasey Formation; ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Geology of the Buster Creek-Nehalem Valley area, Clatsop County, northwest Oregon Author: Olbinski, James Steven Six Tertiary rock units are exposed in the Buster Creek-Nehalem Valley area. They are, from oldest to youngest: upper Eocene Tillamook Volcanics; upper Eocene Cowlitz Formation; upper Eocene Keasey Formation; upper Eocene Vesper Church formation (informal); upper Eocene to Oligocene Pittsburg Bluff Formation; and middle Miocene Depoe Bay Basalt. The Tillamook Volcanics is composed of basaltic andesite subaerial flows (SiO2 54.19% to 55.67%) and volcanic debris flows. The platy jointed subaerial flows are generally porphyritic with a pilotaxitic groundmass; a few aphyric flows with well defined flow banding are present. Highly vesicular flow tops typically show alteration of ilmenite to leucoxene producing a diagnostic bleached white appearance. Debris flows are comprised of very poorly sorted, angular, volcanic and minor sedimentary rock clasts in a mud matrix. Commonly this lithology is intruded by porphyritic and vesicular dikes. Major oxides of the Tillamook basaltic andesites suggest that these volcanic rocks may have erupted in an oceanic island "spreading center" environment. The Cowlitz Formation unconformably overlies the Tillamook Volcanics in the study area. This formation is divided into five informal members: a basal basaltic andesite conglomerate; a unit of interbedded micaceous arkese, volcanic lithic arenite and mudstone; a thick structureless mudstone; rhythmically laminated turbidite sandstone and siltstone; and a thick upper arkosic sandstone. The basal conglomerate represents a fluvial braided stream to high energy marine shoreline environment. The finer grained middle members indicate a deepening up sequence. The upper sandstone member is a micaceous, well-sorted, hummocky bedded, porous, very friable sandstone deposited in a high energy storm-dominated shelf to nearshore environment. The upper sandstone member of the Cowlitz Formation ("Clark and Wilson sand" of the Mist gas field) is the current target of active drilling in adjacent areas by several petroleum companies. This upper sandstone and lower arkosic sandstones represent favorable targets in contact with organic-rich, but immature, source rocks in potential fault bounded structural highs and erosional pinchouts in the northern part of the study area. The Narizian to Refugian Keasey Formation is represented by the Jewell member (informal), in the study area. The Jewell member, a well-bedded to laminated, tuffaceous, indurated mudstone, unconformably overlies the more extensively faulted Cowlitz Formation. Upper slope water depths of 200-600 m are indicated by foraminiferal and molluscan assemblages. A lithologically distinct and mappable turbidite unit crops out in the study area and is informally named in this thesis the Vesper Church formation. The Vesper Church formation represents west- to northwest-trending turbidite-filled "sea gullies" deposited at bathyal depths (1,000-1,500 m) on the lower slope. Thin-bedded channelized turbidites with Bouma c, d and e sequences and local thick amalgamated sandstones characterize this unit. The upper Eocene (Refugian) Pittsburg Bluff Formation conformably overlies the Vesper Church formation. Molluscan assemblages from the basal part of this formation indicate water depths of 20-200 m; thus, a significant shallowing episode between the Vesper Church and Pittsburg Bluff formations is indicated. Thick, bioturbated, glauconitic to fine-grained tuffaceous sandstone and sandy mudstone suggest an inner to middle (possibly outer) continental shelf depositional environment for the Pittsburg Bluff strata. Following a period of high-angle northeast trending faulting, two middle Miocene Depoe Bay Basalt dikes intruded the sedimentary formations exposed in the area. The reversely polarized Northrup Creek dike can be traced over 8.5 km and has a paleomagnetic declination of 170° and a steep inclination of -74°, possibly a result of secular variation of the geomagnetic pole during cooling of the dike through its Cuire temperature (Nelson, 1983). These aphanitic to sparsely micro-porhyritic tholeiitic basalts are chemically identical to the Grande Ronde Basalt of the Columbia Plateau. A recent hypothesis by Beeson et al. (1979) suggests that all Miocene coastal basalts represent the distal ends of subaerial Columbia River basalts which reached the Miocene shoreline and intruded or "invaded" soft marine sediments. The reversed stratigraphic order of high and low MgO Depoe Bay (Grande Ronde) basaltic sills intruding Keasey and Cowlitz strata, as much as 1600 m below the surface in the petroleum exploration well Quintan_a Watzek 30-1 Watzek 30-1 in this study area, illustrates a complicating factor in the emplacement mechanism if these are "invasive" intrusions. In late middle Miocene the northern Oregon Coast Range anticline was formed, possibly in response to a period of underthrusting (Snavely et al., 1980b). Contemporaneously, a second set of left-lateral and right-lateral conjugate faults (N55°E and N55°W) cut the middle Miocene basalt dikes. This faulting may be related to north-south compression and clockwise rotation of western Oregon and southwest Washington associated with the oblique subduction of the Juan De Fuca Plate beneath the North American Plate as suggested by Magill et al. (1981) and Coe and Wells (1982). Title: Geology of the Buster Creek-Nehalem Valley area, Clatsop County, northwest Oregon Author: Olbinski, James Steven Six Tertiary rock units are exposed in the Buster Creek-Nehalem Valley area. They are, from oldest to youngest: upper Eocene Tillamook Volcanics; upper Eocene Cowlitz Formation; upper Eocene Keasey Formation; upper Eocene Vesper Church formation (informal); upper Eocene to Oligocene Pittsburg Bluff Formation; and middle Miocene Depoe Bay Basalt. The Tillamook Volcanics is composed of basaltic andesite subaerial flows (SiO2 54.19% to 55.67%) and volcanic debris flows. The platy jointed subaerial flows are generally porphyritic with a pilotaxitic groundmass; a few aphyric flows with well defined flow banding are present. Highly vesicular flow tops typically show alteration of ilmenite to leucoxene producing a diagnostic bleached white appearance. Debris flows are comprised of very poorly sorted, angular, volcanic and minor sedimentary rock clasts in a mud matrix. Commonly this lithology is intruded by porphyritic and vesicular dikes. Major oxides of the Tillamook basaltic andesites suggest that these volcanic rocks may have erupted in an oceanic island "spreading center" environment. The Cowlitz Formation unconformably overlies the Tillamook Volcanics in the study area. This formation is divided into five informal members: a basal basaltic andesite conglomerate; a unit of interbedded micaceous arkese, volcanic lithic arenite and mudstone; a thick structureless mudstone; rhythmically laminated turbidite sandstone and siltstone; and a thick upper arkosic sandstone. The basal conglomerate represents a fluvial braided stream to high energy marine shoreline environment. The finer grained middle members indicate a deepening up sequence. The upper sandstone member is a micaceous, well-sorted, hummocky bedded, porous, very friable sandstone deposited in a high energy storm-dominated shelf to nearshore environment. The upper sandstone member of the Cowlitz Formation ("Clark and Wilson sand" of the Mist gas field) is the current target of active drilling in adjacent areas by several petroleum companies. This upper sandstone and lower arkosic sandstones represent favorable targets in contact with organic-rich, but immature, source rocks in potential fault bounded structural highs and erosional pinchouts in the northern part of the study area. The Narizian to Refugian Keasey Formation is represented by the Jewell member (informal), in the study area. The Jewell member, a well-bedded to laminated, tuffaceous, indurated mudstone, unconformably overlies the more extensively faulted Cowlitz Formation. Upper slope water depths of 200-600 m are indicated by foraminiferal and molluscan assemblages. A lithologically distinct and mappable turbidite unit crops out in the study area and is informally named in this thesis the Vesper Church formation. The Vesper Church formation represents west- to northwest-trending turbidite-filled "sea gullies" deposited at bathyal depths (1,000-1,500 m) on the lower slope. Thin-bedded channelized turbidites with Bouma c, d and e sequences and local thick amalgamated sandstones characterize this unit. The upper Eocene (Refugian) Pittsburg Bluff Formation conformably overlies the Vesper Church formation. Molluscan assemblages from the basal part of this formation indicate water depths of 20-200 m; thus, a significant shallowing episode between the Vesper Church and Pittsburg Bluff formations is indicated. Thick, bioturbated, glauconitic to fine-grained tuffaceous sandstone and sandy mudstone suggest an inner to middle (possibly outer) continental shelf depositional environment for the Pittsburg Bluff strata. Following a period of high-angle northeast trending faulting, two middle Miocene Depoe Bay Basalt dikes intruded the sedimentary formations exposed in the area. The reversely polarized Northrup Creek dike can be traced over 8.5 km and has a paleomagnetic declination of 170° and a steep inclination of -74°, possibly a result of secular variation of the geomagnetic pole during cooling of the dike through its Cuire temperature (Nelson, 1983). These aphanitic to sparsely micro-porhyritic tholeiitic basalts are chemically identical to the Grande Ronde Basalt of the Columbia Plateau. A recent hypothesis by Beeson et al. (1979) suggests that all Miocene coastal basalts represent the distal ends of subaerial Columbia River basalts which reached the Miocene shoreline and intruded or "invaded" soft marine sediments. The reversed stratigraphic order of high and low MgO Depoe Bay (Grande Ronde) basaltic sills intruding Keasey and Cowlitz strata, as much as 1600 m below the surface in the petroleum exploration well Quintan_a Watzek 30-1 Watzek 30-1 in this study area, illustrates a complicating factor in the emplacement mechanism if these are "invasive" intrusions. In late middle Miocene the northern Oregon Coast Range anticline was formed, possibly in response to a period of underthrusting (Snavely et al., 1980b). Contemporaneously, a second set of left-lateral and right-lateral conjugate faults (N55°E and N55°W) cut the middle Miocene basalt dikes. This faulting may be related to north-south compression and clockwise rotation of western Oregon and southwest Washington associated with the oblique subduction of the Juan De Fuca Plate beneath the North American Plate as suggested by Magill et al. (1981) and Coe and Wells (1982). Close

• 29. [Article] Failure analysis of pre-notched composite laminated plates under four-point bending conditions

  Ever since composite laminate technology was introduced into the aerospace and automotive industry, there has been a need to fully understand the damage progression experienced by composite laminated plates ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Failure analysis of pre-notched composite laminated plates under four-point bending conditions Author: Arias Gonzales, Sergio Ever since composite laminate technology was introduced into the aerospace and automotive industry, there has been a need to fully understand the damage progression experienced by composite laminated plates in the presence of a notch. While numerous research studies have been conducted on this matter when subjected to in-plane loads, not much focus has been directed to the out-of-plane loading conditions. To address this issue, a comprehensive study in partnership with the Boeing Commercial Airplane Company and the Federal Aviation Administration was carried out, using laboratory tests and computer simulations, to predict the failure mechanisms of pre-notched composite laminated plates under four-point bending. A total of 48 pre-notched laminates, varying in size, layer orientations, and thickness were tested, and the deformation data was recorded by means of strain gages. Two notch lengths of 1-in. and 4-in. with an end radius of 0.125-in. were considered in the analysis. The laminates were also modeled in the finite element software ABAQUS to determine the concentration factors and explore the damage progression based on the Hashin criterion. The results were compared to the test data for correlation and validity. From the simulation results, it was determined that the classical laminated plate models under-predicted the strain concentration factors, and that Reissner’s models should be employed in order to conduct failure analysis on composite laminates when subjected to pure bending. The shell model that takes into account transverse shear effects was then chosen to provide the progressive damage simulation. It was found that the results of these theoretical models from ABAQUS were very similar to the results of the test samples generated in our experiments. In general, very good agreement between the simulations and the test results was obtained for the thin laminates. Particularly, as the percentage of 0-degree plies increased, so did the correlation with the test samples. Our theoretical models were capable of reproducing accurately their failure points by taking into consideration the large deformation effects and damage progression. On the other hand, the thick laminate models were not as successful in predicting failure. In most cases, they computed a failure moment higher than the ones found in the experiment. Title: Failure analysis of pre-notched composite laminated plates under four-point bending conditions Author: Arias Gonzales, Sergio Ever since composite laminate technology was introduced into the aerospace and automotive industry, there has been a need to fully understand the damage progression experienced by composite laminated plates in the presence of a notch. While numerous research studies have been conducted on this matter when subjected to in-plane loads, not much focus has been directed to the out-of-plane loading conditions. To address this issue, a comprehensive study in partnership with the Boeing Commercial Airplane Company and the Federal Aviation Administration was carried out, using laboratory tests and computer simulations, to predict the failure mechanisms of pre-notched composite laminated plates under four-point bending. A total of 48 pre-notched laminates, varying in size, layer orientations, and thickness were tested, and the deformation data was recorded by means of strain gages. Two notch lengths of 1-in. and 4-in. with an end radius of 0.125-in. were considered in the analysis. The laminates were also modeled in the finite element software ABAQUS to determine the concentration factors and explore the damage progression based on the Hashin criterion. The results were compared to the test data for correlation and validity. From the simulation results, it was determined that the classical laminated plate models under-predicted the strain concentration factors, and that Reissner’s models should be employed in order to conduct failure analysis on composite laminates when subjected to pure bending. The shell model that takes into account transverse shear effects was then chosen to provide the progressive damage simulation. It was found that the results of these theoretical models from ABAQUS were very similar to the results of the test samples generated in our experiments. In general, very good agreement between the simulations and the test results was obtained for the thin laminates. Particularly, as the percentage of 0-degree plies increased, so did the correlation with the test samples. Our theoretical models were capable of reproducing accurately their failure points by taking into consideration the large deformation effects and damage progression. On the other hand, the thick laminate models were not as successful in predicting failure. In most cases, they computed a failure moment higher than the ones found in the experiment. Close

• 30. [Article] Evaluating the effectiveness of interaction strategies between product developer and supply chain using activity based modeling in environmental benign product design

  With growing concerns on environment impact of industrial product development, the product developers are seeking better solutions to achieve desired environmental benign requirements by the regulators ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Evaluating the effectiveness of interaction strategies between product developer and supply chain using activity based modeling in environmental benign product design Author: Wang, Bo With growing concerns on environment impact of industrial product development, the product developers are seeking better solutions to achieve desired environmental benign requirements by the regulators and customers besides economic growth. During the last decade, some of the most successful product development companies (such as HP) have established their own Design for Environment (DfE) programs. The DfE programs are playing a more and more important role in enforcing environmental concerns in product development process. However, there are numerous industrial examples to show that the quality of environment design often times depends on if a DfE program can work effectively with other existing units, in particular, supply chain management through a certain interaction strategy. The existing literatures provide limited discussions on the interactions in general. It is not clear how to define and represent an interaction strategy, and how to quantifiably measure its impact on Environmental Impact (E), Quality (Q), and Cost (C), of developing a product. In my thesis, I focus on 1) formulating and representing several typical interaction strategies based on the classification of information exchange by its content and extent, and 2) quantitatively evaluate their effectives using an Activity Based Modeling approach. Information exchange has been identified as a major factor to affect the effectiveness of interactions between the DfE program and supply chain. The content and extent of information exchange is used to define an interaction strategy space. In this space, existing interaction strategies are represented. The major design activities and information are identified and defined by different groups, including: Marketing, Design, Manufacturing, Supply Chain Management and Stewardship Group. To evaluate the different interaction strategies, the quality consideration are added into Bras' Activity-Based Model and expand it to the Three View Activity Based Model which simulates the process and activities occur in the product development and supply chain. Quality is treated as a driver as environment and cost for the activities, which enables quantitative performance assessment of the product development activities. The activities act the carrier of the information in our three view model. Through the activity roadmap, E.Q.C. performance could be traced and the evaluation for every interaction strategies could be accomplished. The thesis, I also provide a case study, to allow the reader to see how the model and evaluation method are applied into the application and what the result is. The resufts from this work provide necessary knowledge for DfE group and supply chain to examine and identify holes in their current interaction strategy that may have negative impact on environmental design. On the other hand, they allow management to screen and select a suitable interaction strategy for a particular DfE program with its supply chain. The thesis directly contributes to the betterment of environmental design. Title: Evaluating the effectiveness of interaction strategies between product developer and supply chain using activity based modeling in environmental benign product design Author: Wang, Bo With growing concerns on environment impact of industrial product development, the product developers are seeking better solutions to achieve desired environmental benign requirements by the regulators and customers besides economic growth. During the last decade, some of the most successful product development companies (such as HP) have established their own Design for Environment (DfE) programs. The DfE programs are playing a more and more important role in enforcing environmental concerns in product development process. However, there are numerous industrial examples to show that the quality of environment design often times depends on if a DfE program can work effectively with other existing units, in particular, supply chain management through a certain interaction strategy. The existing literatures provide limited discussions on the interactions in general. It is not clear how to define and represent an interaction strategy, and how to quantifiably measure its impact on Environmental Impact (E), Quality (Q), and Cost (C), of developing a product. In my thesis, I focus on 1) formulating and representing several typical interaction strategies based on the classification of information exchange by its content and extent, and 2) quantitatively evaluate their effectives using an Activity Based Modeling approach. Information exchange has been identified as a major factor to affect the effectiveness of interactions between the DfE program and supply chain. The content and extent of information exchange is used to define an interaction strategy space. In this space, existing interaction strategies are represented. The major design activities and information are identified and defined by different groups, including: Marketing, Design, Manufacturing, Supply Chain Management and Stewardship Group. To evaluate the different interaction strategies, the quality consideration are added into Bras' Activity-Based Model and expand it to the Three View Activity Based Model which simulates the process and activities occur in the product development and supply chain. Quality is treated as a driver as environment and cost for the activities, which enables quantitative performance assessment of the product development activities. The activities act the carrier of the information in our three view model. Through the activity roadmap, E.Q.C. performance could be traced and the evaluation for every interaction strategies could be accomplished. The thesis, I also provide a case study, to allow the reader to see how the model and evaluation method are applied into the application and what the result is. The resufts from this work provide necessary knowledge for DfE group and supply chain to examine and identify holes in their current interaction strategy that may have negative impact on environmental design. On the other hand, they allow management to screen and select a suitable interaction strategy for a particular DfE program with its supply chain. The thesis directly contributes to the betterment of environmental design. Close